BG113310A - Catalyst - filter - Google Patents

Abstract

The calalyst-filter device is designed to stop soot and fine particulate matters from the flue gases emitted during the combustion of any type of fuel. The device is maintenance-free, does not require any consumables and maintenance, as well as the disposal of dust and soot. In the flue pipes soot does not accumulate and does not need to be cleaned. When burning coal in a crucible burner (4), the hot gas flow through the grill (12) enters the catalyst layer (13), raises its temperature and starts the process of secondary combustion. When in the combustion process water vapour is involved, the temperature in the catalyst layer (13) reaches 1200 degrees Celsius. All unburned substances, solid and gaseous, burn completely when passing through a catalyst layer (13). The efficiency of the combustion process increases by more than 20 %, in the flue gases are registered only fine particulate matters below 32 µg/m3. The catalyst-filter device is universal and is applicable in all combustion installations from stoves for domestic heating to industrial ones. Its use can significantly reduce the size of combustion chambers of incinerators without compromising their functionality, significantly improve the environmental performance of flue gases of thermal power plants and power plants using coal and fuel oil and increase their efficiency.

Description

FILTER - CATALYST

Field of technique

FILTER - CATALYST is a device designed to stop the release of soot and fine dust particles from combustion chambers and equipment using solid liquid and gaseous fuels.

Prior art

In practice, several types of filters are known for the purification of flue gases: water, carbon, the most widespread being the electrostatic ones. All of them are related to different types of consumables, electricity and deposition of the separated substances during filtration. Their efficiency is highly dependent on the flue gas temperature. When measuring solid particles in flue gases passed through electrostatic filters, the best results are 50 mg/m ³ from 2-3 g/m ³ before purification.

Technical essence of the invention

The task of the invention is to create a simple maintenance-free and consumable-free device that stops soot and fine dust particles from the flue gases passing through it.

This task was solved with the device FILTER CATALYST working according to the method with BG registration No. 112737 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR A SMOKELESS FUEL PROCESS. In a combustion chamber divided into two parts, the lower part is equipped with a crucible burner with coal fuel (or other type of pellet fuel) supplied with a screw and forced injection of atmospheric air and water vapor, the upper part is equipped with a water heat exchanger, like the lower and upper part of the combustion chamber are connected to a filter - the catalyst. The hot gases obtained in the lower part of the combustion chamber during the burning of coal pass through a filter - the catalyst, burning completely, enter the upper part of the combustion chamber, giving the temperature to the heat exchanger, and exit through the exhaust pipe. When measuring the flue gases of a prototype working with this method, the presence of only fine dust particles in an amount below 32rd/gp ³ was found, the efficiency factor of the facility increased by more than 20%, the reason being the complete combustion.

Explanation of the attached drawings

Fig. 1 shows a combustion chamber operating with a catalyst filter.

Fig. 2 shows a filter-catalyst working with cooled flue gases.

Fig. 3 shows the construction of a filter-catalyst operating in a horizontal flue.

Example of implementation of the invention

Figure 1 shows a combustion chamber operating with a filter catalyst consisting of the following elements: combustion chamber 1, made of metal and insulated from the inside by heat-insulating material 2 fireclay bricks, heat-insulating partition 3, made of vermiculite separating combustion chamber 1 into a lower chamber 1.1 and upper chamber 1.2, in chamber 1.1 a cast-iron crucible burner 4 is installed with coal fuel (or another type of pelletized fuel) fed through a pipe body 5 through an auger, atmospheric air is forced through the pipe body 6, a nozzle 7 is installed above the burner 4 for supply of water vapor, in the lower part of the chamber 1.1 there is a container 8 for waste 9 from the combustion. A flat water heat exchanger 10 with one-sided heating is placed in the chamber 1.2, located on the outer walls of the chamber 1.2, the casing 11 of the filter catalyst is mounted in the opening of the thermal insulation partition 3. The shape of the cross-section of the housing 11 and its height are determined by the design features of the combustion chamber 1. The housing 11 is made of cast iron or another type of heat-resistant material. At the bottom of the housing 11, a grill 12 made of cast iron rods is mounted, on the grill 12 is placed a catalyzing layer 13, consisting of pieces of rock mass of arbitrary shape, above the housing 11 is mounted a heat-resistant plate 14 made of cast iron, with a border along the periphery in its lower hour for directing the warm gases from the catalytic layer 13. In the upper hour of chamber 1.2, a pipe 15 for the burnt gases is installed.

Fig. 2 shows a filter-catalyst working with cooled flue gases. It is installed in the flue gas line and is equipped with a gas burner 16, near the grill (12).

Fig. 3 shows the construction of a filter-catalyst operating in a horizontal flue. In this variant, the casing 11 is mounted horizontally and the catalytic layer 13 is placed between two vertical grills 12 and 12.1, a gas burner 16 is mounted near the grill (12).

Use of the invention

Filter - the catalyst shown in Fig. 1 works in the following way: coal (or another type of pelletized fuel) is supplied to the crucible burner 4 through pipe body 5 through an auger, atmospheric air is injected into the combustion zone through pipe body 6, all the fuel chamber 1 is under pressure determined by the air flow supplied through pipe body 6. The gases released during combustion are directed to the grate 12 and enter the catalytic layer 13, increasing its temperature. At a temperature above 650°C in the catalytic layer 13, secondary combustion begins, during which all solid particles carried by the gas stream released during the burning of coal (or other type of pelletized fuel) in the crucible burner 4 are burned, upon reaching a temperature of 600°C in the lower chamber 1.1, water vapor with a temperature of 400-450°C is supplied through the nozzle 7, during which the temperature in the core of the catalytic layer 13 reaches 1200°C and the efficiency of the combustion process increases by more than 20%. The hot gases coming out of the catalytic layer 13 reach the lower part of the heat-resistant plate 14, it reduces their speed and directs them to the walls of the water heat exchanger 10, the cooled gases leave the chamber 1.2 through the flue gas pipe 15.

_e Fig. 2 shows a variant for using the filter catalyst when the temperature of the flue gases is lower than 650°C and in the catalytic layer 13 secondary combustion of the solid particles cannot be caused. Then, additional heating of the catalytic layer 13 with a gas burner 16 or another heat source is used until a secondary combustion process starts in the catalytic layer 13, if the temperature of the flue gases entering the filter-catalyst is above 650 °C and the amount of dust particles is over 20g/m ³ then the secondary combustion in the catalyst layer 13 is self-sustaining. If the secondary combustion in the catalyst bed 13 is not self-sustaining, it must be continuously heated by a gas burner 16 or other heat source.

Fig. 3 shows the construction of a filter-catalyst operating in a horizontal flue. In this variant, the catalytic layer 13 is placed between two vertical grills 12 and 12.1 on both sides of the housing 11. The flue gases enter through the grill 12 into the catalytic layer 13 and in the process of secondary combustion they burn the solid particles in the flue gases and through the grill 12.1 they exit from filter - the catalyst. If the temperature of the flue gases is below 650°C and the secondary combustion process cannot start, the catalytic layer 13 must be heated with a gas burner 16 or another heat source. If the secondary combustion process cannot be self-sustaining, the heating must be constant.

Claims (4)

1. A filter-catalyst consisting of a housing (11), in the lower part of the housing (11) a grill (12) is mounted, characterized in that: a catalytic layer (13) is placed on the grill (12), a housing (11) ) is installed in an opening of a thermal insulation barrier (3), a heat-resistant plate (14) is installed above the body (11), a steam nozzle (7) is installed above the crucible burner (4) under the grill (12). 2. Filter-catalyst consisting of a housing (11) characterized in that: housing (11) is installed in a horizontal flue and a catalytic layer (13) is placed between the grill (12) and the grill (12.1) installed vertically, in a gas burner (16) is mounted through an opening through thermal insulation material (2) near the grill (12). 3. Filter-catalyst, according to claims 1 and 2, the catalytic layer (13) consists of pieces of material (metal, metal-ceramic, ceramic, rock mass, etc.) resistant to a temperature of 1300 - 1400°C with an arbitrary shape. 4. Filter-catalyst, according to claims 1 and 2, grill (12) and grill (12.1) are made of a material (metal, metal ceramics, ceramics, etc.) that does not deform at a temperature of 1200°C.