BG112405A - Internal combustion piston engine - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an internal combustion engine which will find application in transport equipment and in particular by driving various vehicles. The designed internal combustion engine includes a crankcase (26), a cylinder block (12) with mounted therein working cylinders, arranged in a circle around the axis of the main shaft (5) and connecting-rod gears (1) for each cylinder. Each connecting-rod gear (1) is comprised of a joint (18), a connecting-rod joint (16), and a connecting rod (15). Each connecting rod (15) at its upper end by means of a piston pin (14) is movably connected to the respective piston (13), and at its lower end the connecting rod (15) is movably connected to the connecting-rod joint (16), performing an oval trajectory moving steered by guide paths (19) with rectangular cross-section, made on the inner surface of two guide disks (17) for each working cylinder. Each connecting-rod gear (16) is also connected to a joint (18) for converting the alternate motion of the piston (13) into a rotary motion of the output shaft (2). On each output shaft (2) is mounted a conical toothed gear (3), engaged with a bottom toothed rim of the main toothed gear (4), mounted on the main shaft (5). To the upper toothed rim of the main toothed gear (4) is engaged an outlet toothed gear (30) rotating the main output shaft (29). At the top of the piston (13) are made grooves in which are placed piston segments (22), hermetically sealing working cylinders.

Description

Field of application

The present invention relates to an internal combustion engine which will find application in transport technology and in particular in the propulsion of various vehicles and other mobile machinery.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Depending on the fuel used, the internal combustion piston engines can be petrol or diesel, and depending on the design they can be two-stroke or four-stroke.

A gasoline four-stroke internal combustion engine is known in the art, comprising a crankcase, a cylinder block with working cylinders and a crank mechanism consisting of a crankshaft, a crank and a piston, which mechanism by means of the crankshaft and connecting rod converts reciprocating piston motion. The connecting rod is movably connected to the piston by means of a piston bolt. In the upper part of the piston are made channels in which are placed piston segments, hermetically closing the working cylinders. At the top, the working cylinders are closed by a cylinder head with suction and exhaust valves mounted in it, the movement of which is controlled by a gas distribution mechanism that serves to open the valves at a specific time to fill the cylinders with fresh fuel mixture (air + fuel) and their purification from the exhaust gases. A combustion chamber is formed in the cylinder head and spark plugs are installed to supply a spark. The timing mechanism is connected to the crankshaft and moves synchronously with it.

The famous engine is also equipped with lubrication and cooling systems, which provide the necessary thermal mode of operation, which reduces friction and wear of the elements from which it is built. In addition, the separated mechanical particles and scale are removed from the friction surfaces.

The famous engine has a complicated design, with a high coefficient of mechanical and heat losses, due to which it has a low efficiency (efficiency). In addition, with a known engine, there are increased operating costs for fuel, lubricants and coolants.

Technical essence of the invention

The object of the invention is to provide a reciprocating internal combustion engine with a compact and simple construction, providing easy maintenance, increased operational safety and reduced heat and mechanical losses, leading to increased efficiency.

The problem is solved by creating a reciprocating internal combustion engine including a crankcase, a cylinder block with working cylinders and a crank mechanism including a connecting rod movably connected by a piston bolt to a piston. In the upper part of the piston are made channels in which are placed piston segments, hermetically closing the working cylinders. The working cylinders are closed from above by a cylinder head with suction and exhaust valves mounted in it, controlled by a gas distribution mechanism. Spark plugs are installed in the cylinder head and a combustion chamber is formed, and the engine is equipped with lubrication and cooling systems.

In the engine according to the invention, the working cylinders are arranged in a circle around the axis of the main shaft. Each working cylinder is equipped with a crank mechanism including a crank joint, movably connected to the lower end of the crank and moving along an oval trajectory. The movement of the elbow joint is directed by guide grooves with a rectangular cross section, made on the inner surface of two guide disks for each working cylinder. For each pair of guide discs, the guide channels are mirror-oriented to each other. Each crank joint is also connected to a crank for converting the reciprocating motion of the piston into a rotating motion of the output shaft. A bevel gear is mounted on each output shaft, each bevel gear being engaged by a lower sprocket on a main gear mounted on a main shaft. An output gear is engaged to the upper sprocket of the main gear, rotating the main output shaft. A camshaft disc from the gas distribution mechanism is also mounted on the main shaft. In the cylinder block there is a suction generation, having the shape of a ring and a circular cross section, supplied with fuel mixture through a suction cup, and in the cylinder head there is an exhaust generation, leading the exhaust gases to the muffler.

In the created engine, the intake and exhaust valves of the gas distribution mechanism are equipped with valve springs, driven by guide valve cups, interacting with the cams from the cam disc. The cams of the cam disc, for each of the valves, are made in two concentric cam grooves, internal for the intake valves and external for the exhaust valves. The gas distribution mechanism is also equipped with a lid.

The advantage of the created engine is the provided possibility for movement of the knee - the connecting joint along an oval trajectory. In addition, moving along an oval trajectory leads to a reduction in mechanical and heat losses.

In the design of the engine thus created, due to the rotation of the guide disks increases the stroke of the piston, which leads to two effects: increasing the working volume of the cylinders and reducing the volume of the combustion chamber, which increases the compression of the fuel mixture.

Another advantage is the easier maintenance and operational safety due to the presence of a separate crank joint for each working cylinder. All the listed advantages will lead to an increase in the overall efficiency of the engine.

Description of the attached figures

The present invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a combination of a half-view of an internal combustion piston engine and an axonometric section through the vertical axis of a cylinder;

Figure 2 is a combination of a top view of a cylinder head and a cross section through the axis of the crank mechanism and an axonometric view of a piston and a camshaft;

Figure 3 - longitudinal section through the axis of a cylinder;

Figure 4 - view of the knee - connecting rod mechanism;

Figure 4a is a longitudinal section along AA of Figure 4;

Figure 5 - cross section through the axis of the output shaft;

Figure 6 - combination of half-sections through the axis of the output shaft and the suction generation;

Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the operating clocks of the engine according to the invention; and

Figure 7a - schematic diagram of the operating clocks of the engine, when rotated counterclockwise of the block of guide disks.

Examples of the invention

The created gasoline four-stroke internal combustion engine, shown in figure 1, includes a crankcase 26, a cylinder block 12 with four working cylinders made in it and crankshaft mechanisms 1 for each cylinder. In the design of the newly created engine, the cylinders are arranged in a circle around the axis of the main shaft 5 shown in Figures 2 and 6. Each crank mechanism 1 consists of a crank 18, a crank joint 16, a crank 15 and a piston 13 shown in figures 3, 4 and 4a. Each connecting rod 15 at its upper end by means of a piston bolt 14 is movably connected to the respective piston 13, and at its lower end the connecting rod 15 is movably connected to a knee - the connecting rod joint 16.

Each connecting rod 16 rotates freely around its axis, orbiting the planet in an oval trajectory directed by guide channels 19 with a rectangular cross section made on the inner surface of the guide disks 17. The guide disks 17 are two pieces for each working cylinder , forming a block that can be rotated counterclockwise (Figure 7a), thereby increasing the working volume of the cylinder and increasing the degree of compression of the fuel mixture. For each pair of guide disks 17, the guide grooves 19 are mirror-oriented to each other so that the axis of the crank joint 16 located therein describes an oval trajectory. In addition, the joint 16 reciprocates in a rectangular slot cut in the elbow 18. In this way, the mechanism 1 converts the reciprocating motion of each piston 13 into a rotary motion, which is transmitted to an output shaft 2 with a conical gear mounted on it. wheel 3. The four bevel gears 3 are engaged with the lower ring gear of the main gear 4 mounted on the main shaft 5, in a translation ratio of 2: 1. To the upper gear of the main gear 4 is engaged an output gear 30 in a gear ratio of 1: 2, rotating the main output shaft 29, to the outer flange of which are mounted a flywheel and a clutch to which a gearbox is connected. The main shaft 5 also transmits directly the rotation of a cam disk 24 mounted on the shaft 5 by means of a key connection. In this way, there is no need to use timing gears or belt drives, which greatly simplifies the design, increases the safety of the engine and greatly facilitates repair work. The devices of the ignition system, of the injection pump or other necessary device can be attached to the upper end of the main shaft 5.

In the upper part of each piston 13 are made channels in which are placed piston segments 22, representing in this case spring rings, which hermetically close the working cylinders of the cylinder block 12. At the top the working cylinders are closed by a cylinder head 10 with suction and exhaust valves 7 and 8, the movement of which is controlled by a gas distribution mechanism 6. The gas distribution mechanism 6 controls both the opening of the intake valves 7 at a specific moment (at the first engine stroke) in order to fill the cylinders with fresh fuel mixture and the opening of the exhaust valves 8 (at the fourth operating stroke of the engine) for purging and exhausting the exhaust gases from the cylinders. When the valves 7 and 8 are closed, a combustion chamber 11 is formed in each working cylinder, in which the combustion process takes place (at the third stroke of the engine operation). The valves 7 and 8 are provided with valve springs 9, keeping them tightly closed and ensuring the tightness of the combustion chamber 11. The valve springs 9 allow smooth and stable movement of the valves 7 and 8 when opening and closing under the pressure of the cams from the cam disk 24 by guide valve cups 23. The cams of the cam disc 24 are made in two concentric cam grooves, one for each of the valves - internal for the intake valve 7 and external for the exhaust valve 8, which guide the free-rolling rollers. The construction of the gas distribution mechanism 6 formed in this way allows the transmission of the movement by rolling, which leads to a reduction of friction, mechanical losses and wear of the mechanism. Spark plugs 41 are screwed into the cylinder head 10 to supply a spark to the combustion chamber 11, to ignite the compressed fuel mixture.

In the cylinder block 12 there is also a suction generation 20, having the shape of a ring and a circular cross section, shown in figure 5. Through the suction 32 the fuel mixture from the carburetor is introduced for circulation in the suction generation 20. The circulating fuel mixture is sucked into pre-valve chambers. entering the combustion chamber 11 of each working cylinder, creating a cyclone. The presence of the intake generation 20 in the form of a ring in which the fuel mixture circulates creates the same conditions for the supply of fuel mixture to each of the working cylinders. In the cylinder head 10 is located the exhaust generation 21, through which from the post-valve chamber, the exhaust gases are discharged to the flue pipes and the exhaust.

The engine is also equipped with a cooling jacket 28, which protects it from overheating and provides the same and constant operating temperature for all cylinders. In addition, the engine is equipped with a pressure lubricating oil chamber 27, and through drilled holes in the shafts, the oil reaches and lubricates all moving parts, reducing friction and wear. The design of the newly created engine also includes a cover 25 to protect the valve train 6 from external contamination, and a connecting flange 31 protects the coupling from external contamination. A gearbox, generator, pump or other device is attached to it.

In the construction of the created engine, the crank mechanism 1 moves the crank joint 16 along an oval trajectory, different from a circle, such as the trajectory described by the crank mechanisms in the existing four-stroke internal combustion engines.

The course of the processes in each of the operating strokes of the modified design of the crank mechanism 1, shown in Figure 7, differs from that of conventional internal combustion engines, namely:

- First stroke - a process of suction or filling, which takes place during the movement of the piston 13 from GMT (upper dead center) to DMT (lower dead center). The suction valve 7 is open and the exhaust valve 8 is closed, as a result of which a fuel mixture enters from the suction generation 20;

- Second stroke - compression process, as the compression of the fuel mixture takes place during the movement of the piston 13 from DMT to GMT after closing the suction valve 7. At top dead center the mixture is compressed to a volume equal to the volume of the combustion chamber. As the above-piston space decreases, the pressure and temperature of the fuel mixture increase, and at the end of the process, shortly before GMT, the fuel mixture ignites with a spark. The compression process is accelerated due to the decreasing radius of rotation of the knee - the connecting rod 16 along the oval trajectory;

- Third stroke - a process of combustion and expansion, in which the compressed fuel mixture is ignited, and as a result of its combustion, the temperature that is released increases, which increases the pressure of the gases received in the cylinder. Under the action of high gas pressure, the piston 13 with great force moves from GMT to DMT, performing useful work, creating torque and rotating the output shaft 2. Moving in an oval trajectory, the crank joint 16 passes more - a short distance compared to the circumferential trajectory, which will reduce friction and wear forces, as well as reduce the time for the most intensive heat transfer to the engine cooling system;

Fourth stroke - exhaust process, in which the piston 13 moves from DMT to GMT, pushing the exhaust gases from the engine working cylinder through the exhaust valve 8 to the exhaust generation 21. At the beginning of the stroke the exhaust gases independently flow out of the cylinder to the moment when the pressure drops to atmospheric. Next, the piston 13 forcibly pushes them to their position in the GMT. The process of blowing the exhaust gases is accelerated due to the shortened path of the crank joint 16, while reducing mechanical losses and wear.

Claims (2)

PATENT CLAIMS 1. A reciprocating internal combustion engine comprising a crankcase, a cylinder block with working cylinders and a crank mechanism comprising a connecting rod movably connected by a piston bolt to a piston, in which channels are made in the upper part of the piston in which piston segments are placed, hermetically closing the working cylinders, the working cylinders being closed from above by a cylinder head with suction and exhaust valves mounted in it, controlled by a gas distribution mechanism, in which spark plugs are mounted in the cylinder head and a combustion chamber is formed, the engine being equipped with and cooling systems, characterized in that the working cylinders are arranged in a circle around the axis of the main shaft (5), each working cylinder is equipped with a crank mechanism (1) including a crank joint (16), movable connected to the lower end of the connecting rod (15), and moving along an oval trajectory directed by guide channels (1) 9) with a rectangular cross-section made on the inner surface of two guide disks (17) for each working cylinder, where for each pair of guide disks (17), the guide grooves (19) are mirror-oriented to each other, like each elbow - the connecting rod (16) is also connected to a elbow (18) for converting the reciprocating movement of the piston (13) into a rotating movement of the output shaft (2), where a conical gear is mounted on each output shaft (2). (3), each bevel gear (3) being engaged with a lower gear of a main gear (4) mounted on a main shaft (5) and an outgoing gear being engaged with the upper gear of the main gear (4). wheel (30) rotating the main output shaft (29), the main shaft (5) is mounted and a cam disk (24) of the valve train (6), and in the cylinder block (12) is located a suction generation (20), having the shape of a ring and a round cross section, powered with fuel mixture through the intake manifold (32), and in the cylinder head (10) there is an exhaust generation (21), leading the exhaust gases to the muffler. Piston engine according to Claim 1, characterized in that the intake and exhaust valves (7) and (8) of the valve train (6) are provided with valve springs (9) driven by guide valve cups (23) interacting. with cam cams (24), which cams for each of the valves are made in two concentric cam grooves, internal for the intake valves (7) and external for the exhaust valves (8), wherein the valve train (6) is provided and with a lid (25).