RU2430248C2 - Automotive ice - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: cylindrical shaft transmitting torque from engine to transmission has three cylinders coupled with said shaft and arranged through 120°. Said cylinders accommodate floating pistons with body and head. Cylinders with pistons and shaft are covers by housing annular covers. Housing has intake branch pipe with intake opening, combustion chamber and exhaust manifold. Cylindrical shaft center has cavity communicated with engine lubrication channels and, via oil ducts, with piston cavities. Note here that cylinders revolve with shaft to get aligned in turns with intake opening, combustion chamber, exhaust manifold, while piston reciprocates in cylinder forced by oil fed via engine lubrication ducts and by expanding gases.

EFFECT: higher efficiency, simplified design.

Description

The present invention (an internal combustion engine of a car) relates to the field of mechanical engineering, in particular to mechanisms and systems for converting the thermal energy of fuel burned in its cylinders into mechanical work.

Existing reciprocating internal combustion engines have the same structural principle, they consist of a cylinder-piston group, crank and gas distribution mechanisms, cooling, power, ignition, start-up and lubrication systems (V. Stukanov, “Automobile Device”. Moscow, 2009, Moscow p. 10-11).

The disadvantages of these engines are the complexity of the structure, low efficiency (for example, piston friction losses in carburetor engines account for 60-70% of the friction loss of the entire engine), shock factor in the connecting rod group and the gas distribution mechanism, lubricant restriction in the valve-guide sleeve group , the complexity of the structure and manufacture of the crankshaft ("Vehicle". Stukanov VA Moscow 2009, pp. 29-31, 34, 41, 44-45).

The objective of the invention is the elimination of the aforementioned disadvantages, as well as simplifying the structure of the internal combustion engine and increasing its operational reliability.

The problem is solved in that the proposed design lacks the basic elements of a gas distribution mechanism, namely: a camshaft, pushers, valves, hydraulic compensators and, in addition, a crankshaft and a connecting rod group, the conversion of thermal energy into mechanical work occurs in a device where a cylindrical shaft has three identical blades of the original form, monolithically connected to it through 120 °, in the end surfaces of which cylinder-piston groups are placed, during rotation of which their gradual alignment with fuel inlet window, a combustion chamber, exhaust emission window, and a center of the shaft has a cavity which communicates with the channels of the engine lubrication oil pan and the channels in the arms.

The present invention is shown in figure 1-2, where figure 1 shows the engine in the context and the positions indicated:

1 - engine housing

2 - cylindrical shaft

3 - a blade of a cylindrical shaft

4 - piston

5 - sealing rings

6 - cylinder

7 - oil channels of the lever

8 - internal oil channel of the cylindrical shaft

9 - oil drain device

10 - holes oil drain device

11- internal channel of the oil drain device

12 seals

13 - exhaust manifold

14 - inlet pipe

15 - spark plug

16 - housing cover

17 - cooling system

18 - drum

19 - exhaust window

20 - combustion chamber

A, B, C - blades of a cylindrical shaft

Figure 2 shows the piston in the context and the positions indicated:

5 - sealing rings

6 - cylinder

7 - oil channels of the lever

21 - the piston body

22 - piston head

23 - piston leg

24 - the internal cavity of the piston body

25 - spring

26 - holes

27 - stops

The internal combustion engine (Fig. 1) consists of a housing 1, a cylindrical shaft 2, having blades 3 (A, B, C), cylinders 6, pistons 4, a drum 18, an inlet pipe 14, a combustion chamber 20, an exhaust manifold 13.

The cylindrical shaft 2 has an internal oil channel 8 having communications with the engine lubrication channels, oil channels 7 of the blades A, B, C and the internal cavity of the piston bodies 24 (FIG. 2) through the holes 26 (FIG. 2). In the oil channel 8 of the cylindrical shaft 2 (Fig. 1), there is an oil drain device 9 fixed to the engine body, in which there are openings 10 and an internal channel 11 in communication with the engine oil pan.

The blades 3 (A, B, C) of the cylindrical shaft 2 have oil channels 7, and in the end part of the blades there are cylinders 6 with “floating” pistons 4. The piston 4 (figure 1) has a body 21 (figure 2) and a head 22 (figure 2). In the body of the piston 21 there are openings 26 (FIG. 2) communicating with the internal cavity 24 (FIG. 2) of the piston body 21. The housing of the engine 1 (FIG. 1) has an inlet pipe 14, a combustion chamber 20 and an exhaust manifold 13 and their seals 12 with a drum 18. The shaft with blades, cylinders and pistons is closed by annular covers 16 (Fig. 1), bolted to the housing.

The internal combustion engine operates as follows. The initial rotation of the cylindrical shaft 2 (figure 1) and the blades A, B, C is carried out using the starter motor clockwise. When combining the cylinder of the blade C (Fig. 1) with the inlet pipe 14 at high pressure from the high pressure pump, fuel is injected into it. When this piston 4 is shifted to the lower part of the cylinder. This is also facilitated by the lack of oil pressure in the channels 7 of the blade C, which merges into the oil pan through the openings 10 of the oil drain channel 11. In this case, negative pressure can be created in the oil drain device 9 using a vacuum pump, which will further contribute to the displacement of the piston 4 of the blade C in lower position and filling the cylinder with fuel mixture.

At the same moment, the piston 4 of the blade A will be in its highest position due to the pressure on it of the oil transmitted from the engine lubrication channels to the internal oil channel 8 of the cylindrical shaft 2, and then to the oil channels 7 of the blades A and B. Thanks to the bent in the radial direction of the piston head 4 and stops 27 (figure 2) creates the necessary volume of the combustion chamber. Located at the top point, the piston 4 of the blade A compresses the fuel mixture. The supply of spark from the spark plug 15 at this moment causes the ignition of the fuel, the expansion of the gases that move the piston 4 down, and accordingly the blade A with the cylindrical shaft 2 clockwise (respectively, of the total direction vector). This is due to the fact that the surface area of the piston head is several times larger than the area of the remaining rear wall of the cylinder when the piston is at the upper point, and, moreover, the blade A is in the semi-vertical position and clockwise, set by the starter. Due to the oil pressure, the piston 4 of the blade B will also be at the upper point, and the cylinder 6 of the blade B will be combined with the exhaust manifold 13, due to which the spent fuel will be ejected. In addition, part of the gases accumulating between the housing 1 and the drum 18, due to the rotation of the latter through the exhaust window 19, will be directed to the exhaust manifold 13. Thus, when the engine is running, the cylinders of the blades A, B, C are alternately aligned with the inlet pipe, the chamber combustion and exhaust manifold. The smooth operation of the piston 4 and the absence of the impact factor is due to the oil under pressure in the cylinder 6, directly under the piston, and the spring 25 (figure 2), the height component 1/3 of the piston legs 23 (figure 2) (for reducing fuel inlet resistance). The body of the piston 21 (figure 2) has a cylindrical shape, inside is hollow. On the body of the piston 21 there is a sealing belt for fitting the sealing ring (s) 5 so that the oil does not penetrate into the combustion chamber and compression is created. In addition, in the body of the piston 21 (FIG. 2) there are openings 26 (FIG. 2) for circulating oil in order to cool the piston.

In the places of contact of the cylinders 6 of the blades A, B, C with the combustion chamber 20, the inlet pipe 14 and the exhaust manifold 13, and also between the inlet 1 of the engine and the drum 18, there are seals made of bronze-graphite from the inlet pipe 14 to the combustion chamber 20. Additional sealing of the side surfaces is carried out using the cover of the housing 16 (figure 1). The engine is cooled due to the circulation of antifreezes, both inside the housing and also inside the body of the cylindrical shaft 2, which in turn reduces the temperature of the oil supplied to the pistons and the cooling of the latter.

To increase the power of the proposed engine, it is possible to produce a shaft with six blades and cylinder-piston groups in such a way that the first three blades are at a certain distance along the axis of the shaft from the other three blades, and the latter have an angle of 120 ° with each other and are shifted clockwise with respect to the first group of blades at 60 °.

When the proposed engine is running, the efficiency is much higher than that of conventional piston engines, since the friction losses of the piston automatically turn into the kinetic energy of rotation of the blades, and, accordingly, of the shaft.

The simplicity of the device of the proposed engine, a higher coefficient of its efficiency, its small size can significantly save material resources, improve the technical parameters of the car.

Claims (1)

An internal combustion engine of a car containing a piston group, a cooling, power, ignition, start-up and lubrication system, characterized in that the cylindrical shaft that transmits torque to the transmission has three cylinders in one piece connected to it through 120 °, floating pistons are installed in the cylinders having a body and a head, and cylinders with pistons and a shaft are closed by annular covers of the housing, the housing has an inlet pipe with an intake window, a combustion chamber and an exhaust manifold, in the center of a cylindrical shaft a cavity communicating with the engine lubrication channels and oil channels with the piston body cavities, while the cylinders rotate with the shaft, alternating with the intake window, combustion chamber, exhaust manifold, and the piston moves in the cylinder under the influence of oil pressure supplied from the engine lubrication channels as well as expanding gases.

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