RU2487255C1 - Automotive internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: automotive ICE comprises cylinder-piston set, cooling system, feed system, ignition system and lubrication system. Cylindrical shaft transmitting torque to transmission incorporates three segments interconnected therewith through 120°. End faces of said segments accommodate cylinder with floating pistons. Piston have body and head. Cylinders with pistons and shaft are closed by housing circular covers. Cylindrical housing has fuel and offgas mixing chamber with inlet branch pipe and exhaust manifold. Cavity is made at cylindrical shaft center to communicate with engine lubing channels and piston lubing channels. Cylinders run together with shaft to be aligned in turns with aforesaid chamber, housing inner surface section between said chamber and exhaust manifold, exhaust manifold, housing inner surface section between exhaust manifold and mixing chamber. Piston id displaced in cylinder by the pressure of oil fed from engine lubing channels and expansion gases.

EFFECT: decreased fuel consumption.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The present invention (an internal combustion engine of a car) relates to the field of mechanical engineering, in particular to mechanisms and systems for converting the thermal energy of fuel burned in its cylinders into mechanical work.

Existing reciprocating internal combustion engines have the same structural principle, they consist of a piston-cylinder group, crank and gas distribution mechanisms, cooling, power, ignition, start-up and lubrication systems (V. Stukanov, “Automobile device”. Moscow, 2009, pg. 10-11).

The disadvantages of these engines are the complexity of the structure, low efficiency (so the loss of piston friction in carburetor engines is 60 - 70% of the loss of friction of the entire engine), the impact factor in the connecting rod group and the gas distribution mechanism, lubrication restriction in the valve stem group - guide sleeve, the complexity of the structure and manufacture of the crankshaft (“Automobile device” VA Stukanov, Moscow 2009, pp. 29-31, p. 34, p. 41, p. 44-45). In the existing prototype, the patent of the author Gladkevich OS No. 2430248 according to the application No. 2009136781, these shortcomings are absent, however, there are no design features for using the exhaust gases of the engine to achieve the HCCI effect.

The objective of the invention is to eliminate the above drawbacks, as well as simplifying the structure of the internal combustion engine, increasing its operational reliability, reducing fuel consumption and exhaust emissions.

The problem is solved in that the proposed design lacks the basic elements of a gas distribution mechanism, namely: a camshaft, pushers, valves, hydraulic compensators and, in addition, a crankshaft and a connecting rod group, the conversion of thermal energy into mechanical work occurs in a device where a cylindrical shaft transmitting torque to the transmission has three cylinders monolithically connected to it through 120 °, floating pistons with a body and a head are installed in the cylinders, and cylinders with pistons the shaft is closed by annular covers of the housing, the housing has a cylindrical structure, an inner surface in the form of a circle with a given radius, an inlet pipe with a chamber for mixing fuel and exhaust gases, an intake window and an exhaust manifold, in the center of the cylindrical shaft there is a cavity in communication with the engine lubrication channels and oil channels with the cavities of the piston bodies, while the cylinders rotate with the shaft, alternating with the intake window, the exhaust manifold, and the piston moves in the cylinder under the influence of oil pressure Is supplied from the engine lubrication channels and the expanding gases in the area between the inlet window and the exhaust manifold.

The invention is shown in figures 1, 2, 3, where figure 1 shows the engine in the context and the positions indicated:

1 - engine housing

2 - cylindrical shaft

3 - segment of a cylindrical shaft

4 - piston

5 - sealing rings

6 - cylinder

7 - oil channels of a segment of a cylindrical shaft

8 - internal oil channel of the cylindrical shaft

9 - oil drain device

10 - holes oil drain device

11 - the internal channel of the oil drain device

12 - the inner surface of the housing

13 - exhaust manifold

14 - chamber with inlet pipe

15 - nozzle

16 - housing cover

17 - cooling system

18 - drum

19 - air supply channel

20 - guide

21, 22 - exhaust gas supply channels

A, B, C, - segments of a cylindrical shaft

In figure 2, 3 shows the piston in the context and the positions indicated:

5 - sealing rings

6 - cylinder

7 - oil channels of a segment of a cylindrical shaft

23 - piston head

24 - piston body

25 - spring

26 - stops

27 - holes in the piston head.

The internal combustion engine (Fig. 1) consists of a housing 1, a cylindrical shaft 2, having segments 3 (A, B, C), cylinders 6, pistons. 4, drum 18, chamber 14 with nozzles 15, exhaust manifold 13.

The cylindrical shaft 2 has an internal oil channel 8 having communications with the engine lubrication channels, oil channels 7 of segments A, B, C and the internal cavity of the piston heads 23 (FIG. 2) through the openings 27 (FIG. 3). In the oil channel 8 of the cylindrical shaft 2 (Fig. 1), there is an oil drain device 9 fixed to the engine body, in which there are openings 10 and an internal channel 11 in communication with the engine oil pan.

Segments 3 (A, B, C) of the cylindrical shaft 2 have oil channels 7, and at the end of the segments are cylinders 6 with “floating” pistons 4. The piston 4 (FIG. 1) has a body 24 (FIG. 2) and a head 23 (figure 2). In the piston head 23 there are openings 27 (FIG. 3) communicating with its internal cavity. The engine housing 1 (Fig. 1) has a chamber for mixing fuel and exhaust gases 14 with an inlet pipe, nozzles 15, an exhaust manifold 13, an inner surface 12, a drum 18, exhaust gas supply channels 21, 22. A shaft with segments containing cylinders and pistons, closed by annular caps 16 (Fig. 1), bolted to the housing.

The internal combustion engine operates as follows. The initial rotation of the cylindrical shaft 2 (figure 1) and segments A, B, C is carried out using the car starter clockwise. When combining the cylinder of segment C (FIG. 1) with the inlet of the chamber 14 under high pressure from the high pressure pump, fuel mixed with air and hot hot gases is introduced into it. When this piston 4 is shifted to the lower part of the cylinder. This is also facilitated by the lack of oil pressure in the channels 7 of segment C, which merges into the oil pan through the openings 10 of the oil drain channel 11. In this case, negative pressure can be created in the oil drain device 9 using a vacuum pump, which will further contribute to the displacement of the piston 4 of the segment C in lower position and filling the cylinder with fuel mixture.

At the same time, the piston 4 of segment A will be in its highest position due to the pressure on it of the oil transmitted from the lubrication channels of the engine to the internal oil channel 8 of the cylindrical shaft 2, and then to the oil channels 7 of segments A and B. Thanks to the radially bent the direction of the piston head 4 and stops 26 (figure 2) creates the necessary volume of the combustion chamber. Located at the top point, the piston 4 of segment A compresses the fuel mixture. When a certain pressure in the cylinder is reached, the ignition of the air-fuel charge occurs without the spark of a spark plug (HCCI - effect). The expanding gases displace the piston 4 (Fig. 1) downward, and segment A with a cylindrical shaft 2 clockwise (respectively, of the total vector of the direction of movement of the piston in the cylinder having a semi-oval wall structure with an axis direction at an angle of 45 ° to the axis of segment A). The initial movement of the cylindrical shaft with segments A, B, C in a clockwise direction is set using the starter. Due to the oil pressure, the piston 4 of segment B will also be at the upper point, and the cylinder 6 of segment B will be combined with the exhaust manifold 13, due to which the spent fuel will be released. In addition, part of the gases through channels 21 and 22 (FIG. 1) will enter the chamber 14, where a uniform air-fuel cloud with an extremely low density occurs.

Thus, the cylinders of segments A, B, C are alternately in contact with the inlet pipe of the chamber 14, the inner surface of the engine housing in the area between the chamber 14 and the exhaust manifold 13 (compression phase, fire, piston stroke), exhaust manifold 13, section, inner surface the engine housing between the exhaust manifold 13 and the chamber 14 (phase of the oil discharge into the engine sump).

The smooth operation of the piston 4 and the absence of a shock factor is due to the oil under pressure in the cylinder 6, directly under the piston, and the spring 25 (figure 2). The lateral surfaces of the head 23 (figure 2) and the body 24 (figure 2) of the piston 4 (figure 1) are congruent with the walls of the cylinder 6 (figure 2). On the piston head 23 there is a sealing belt for fitting the sealing ring (s) 5 so that the oil does not penetrate the combustion chamber and compression is created. In addition, in the piston head 23 (FIG. 3) there are openings 27 (FIG. 3) for circulating oil in order to cool the piston. The sealing of the side surfaces of the engine is carried out using the cover of the housing 16 (figure 1). The engine is cooled due to the circulation of antifreezes, both inside the housing and also inside the body of the cylindrical shaft 2, which in turn reduces the temperature of the oil supplied to the pistons and the cooling of the latter.

To increase the power of the proposed engine, it is possible to produce a shaft with six segments and cylinder-piston groups in such a way that the first three segments are at a certain distance along the shaft axis from the other three segments, and the latter have an angle of 120 ° with each other and are shifted clockwise with respect the first group of segments at 60 °.

When the proposed engine is running, the efficiency is much higher than that of conventional reciprocating engines, since the friction losses of the piston automatically turn into kinetic energy of rotation of the shaft.

The simplicity of the device of the proposed engine, a higher coefficient of its efficiency, its small size can significantly save material resources, improve the technical parameters of the car.

INFORMATION SOURCES

1. “Vehicle device”. Ed. "Forum", Moscow, V. Stukanov 2009, pp. 9-45.

2. “Gasoline engines”, Moscow, Dmitrievsky A.V., Tyuryakov A.S., 1986, pp. 188-204.

3. “Automobile and tractor engines”, a textbook for high schools, Moscow, Lenin IM, 1976, pp. 177-182.

4. “Automotive engines”, Moscow, Hovakh M.S. 1977, pp. 211-227, pp. 366-374.

5. “Automobile internal combustion engines. Theory, Calculation and Design of Internal Combustion Engines ”, Moscow, Hovakh M.S., Maslov G.S., 1971, pp. 95-100, pp. 111-112, pp. 114-126.

6. "Calculation of automotive and tractor engines", Moscow, Kolchin A.I., Demidov V.P., 1980, pp. 40-60.

7. Popular Mechanics Magazine, March 2010

Claims (1)

An internal combustion engine of a car containing a cylinder-piston group, a cooling system, power supply, ignition, start-up and a lubrication system, characterized in that the cylindrical shaft transmitting torque to the transmission has three segments, seamlessly connected to it through 120 °, containing in the end parts cylinders with floating pistons having a body and a head, and cylinders with pistons and a shaft are closed by annular caps of the housing, the housing has a cylindrical structure, a chamber for mixing fuel and exhaust gases from the inlet m nozzle and exhaust manifold, in the center of the cylindrical shaft there is a cavity communicating with the engine lubrication channels and oil channels with piston cavities, while the cylinders rotate with the shaft, alternately aligning with the chamber with the inlet pipe, a portion of the inner surface of the housing between the camera and the inlet pipe and exhaust manifold, exhaust manifold, a portion of the inner surface of the housing between the exhaust manifold and the chamber with the inlet pipe, and the piston moves in the cylinder under pressure la, is fed from the engine lubrication channels and the expanding gases.

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