BE879313A - EPISCOPE - Google Patents

Description

       

  Episcope <EMI ID = 1.1>

  
and projection of objects, such as originals, models,, views

  
or other non-transparent. The object to be projected is illuminated by a powerful light source and an image of this object is formed on a screen, by means of an inflection mirror and an optical projection system. In commercial episcopes, the object is placed above or below an accessible window or image tray

  
to the user. Moving from one object to another (hereinafter changing objects) is generally difficult and complicated. '

  
This is why we have already tried to mechanize the change of objects. In German patent 16 20 85, an arrangement has been described in which the objects are stacked in a compartment and are individually conveyed by a conveyor chain from the image window to a receptacle. This episcope is defined and produced in the form of an automatic image projector. In the embodiment which is the subject of the German patent application published under number 21 28 117, objects wound on a reel are projected or objects in the form of cards are transported by means of a continuous strip in passing on the image window.

  
In the first cited arrangement, it is assumed that the different objects, which have the same format, are sufficiently thick and rigid to be able to be grasped by the chain and away from the image window, at a speed sufficient for continuous projection. of images. After their passage the objects must be classified again in order to resume the initial sequence. The drawback also affects the second device known when operating with independent casings because the cited disclosures do not give a solution to the problem posed by the extraction from a well-defined position of the objects in the stack and by the execution of their passage in the episcope.

  
The invention proposes to provide a device for changing objects, usable in an episcope or a viewer and making it possible to eliminate the aforementioned drawbacks, <EMI ID = 2.1>

  
throw away, classified as a unitary unit, is introduced in the order of projection in the episcope, then is projected without disturbance of the sorting or classification and without post-adjustment in the episcope &#65533; then is finally again extracted in the form of a unitary assembly, the following set being then treated in the same way, as unitary assembly. Any manipulation of individual objects.

  
The invention therefore relates to an object changing device, usable in an episcope or a direct viewer, in which the sheet-shaped objects are stacked one on the other on the face of the

  
  <EMI ID = 3.1>

  
luminous, in a store where, for projection or fear observation, the object located highest up is placed flat in the plane of a window made in the store, and directed towards the support of objects, in .the magazine has a first frame part and a second frame part which can move back and forth parallel to the plane of the window and relative to the first frame part for a cyclic change of the object inside the store, and that the episcope has

  
a triggerable support in which one of the frame parts can be fixed in a position where, during projection or observation, the window plane of the magazine is applied against the object support or else constitutes this support and where, in view of the change of object, the two chassis parts remain movable relative to each other.

  
There are known stores for "objects", which are designed in the form of an image changer, for example according to the German patent applications published under the numbers

  
27 42 345, 27 42 346, 27 42 349 and 27 42 350.

  
The object store works as follows:

  
A pile of objects of the same format is kept in a casing ("first part of -carter.1.) With the side

  
image turned towards a viewing window, and is pushed against this window by a pressing device. In the housing can slide a drawer ("second part of housing"), which, <EMI ID = 4.1>

  
  <EMI ID = 5.1>

  
vision - and reintroduced on the other side of the stack, the entire stack and therefore also the image to be projected, being after the image change applied flat against the image window.

  
The objects assembled in a store have the same format but the support of the episcope can however be constructed so as to allow the establishment and the actuation of stores of different dimensions. In the simplest case, the back and forth movement of the drawer can be carried out by hand even when the magazine is set up, but the episcope or an additional part can also include for this purpose a motorized drive.

  
The episcope according to the invention differs fundamentally from the two known devices - which are also comparable with slide changing projectors - in that the object changing mechanism is not housed in the episcope and does not part of it, but is placed in stores where the stack of objects is placed and can be archived or put in directory. Such a provision

  
  <EMI ID = 6.1>

  
such stores can be manufactured at a very advantageous price using modern materials and manufacturing methods when a change mechanism housed in the episcope would entail higher costs in terms of protection against fouling, sensitivity to temperature, elimination of causes of wear, etc. On the other hand, the changer mechanism housed in the store makes it possible, if necessary, to also view the images or other objects directly in the store and successively in the same order.
-) or sequence, to check their correct orientation before the projection or, during the preparation of a conference, to carry out the change of objects several times without always having to ensure a correct ordering of the objects or use for these works preparatory a projector or a viewer.

   The changer store for

  
episcope also makes it possible not only to facilitate the projection proper but also a well ordered cataloging and viewing of objects. outside

  
of the episcope. This solution also provides the advantage

  
to be able to retrofit episcopes or similar devices already. existing.

  
To be complete, it should be noted that instead

  
a screen on which the projection is carried out and which constitutes, if necessary in the form of a matt glass a part

  
of the episcope and which is then lit from behind, it is also possible to associate a reproduction apparatus with the image-forming part of the episcope, in such a way that one can, possibly in a way completely automatic, reproduce each time a stack of objects. Likewise, the assembly can be used in an equivalent manner in a direct viewer.

  
Other advantageous properties and characteristics of the invention are summarized below:

  
Each store contains objects of the same format. However, stores can have entirely different dimensions when loaded with objects of different dimensions. These conditions are met in particular with slides for which the number of different formats is however relatively small. For this reason the episcope

  
is advantageously arranged so as to be able to selectively place cassettes of different dimensions and .. to be able to carry out the projection without other modifications.

  
of

  
When projecting objects / different dimensions, if no other provision is made, the projected images have dimensions which differ in correspondence. For this reason, we can first adapt the optical system and the size of the screen or mat glass to

  
the maximum size of the magazine and, when using a smaller magazine, manually or automatically change the magnification factor of the optical system by adapting the size of the magazines, in order to be able to project also to the maximum size a smaller original. In this regard, we give the projection screen

  
or on the screen in matt glass a square shape whose length

  
side is granted on the maximum side length of an object to be projected.

  
On such a screen or matt glass, one can project objects or views of non-square shape, in "height" format or

  
  <EMI ID = 7.1>

  
occasionally that "height" views replace

  
"width" views. For this reason, according to another characteristic of the invention, the episcope comprises a device, possibly remotely controlled, which allows

  
the passage from the format "in height" to the format "in width"

  
or vice versa, either by rotation of the magazine, including its changer drawer, and a motorized drive provided for this purpose, or by rotation of the whole of the projection part of the episcope, or finally by rotation of 90 [ deg.] of the image each time by optical means. It is possible to provide the objects to be projected with a coding or a marking, or else one can wear externally on the magazine such coding which is palpated inside the episcope and which automatically triggers a necessary passage of the format in height to width format, or vice versa.

  
Since the object changer mechanism is housed in the magazine, it must be possible to access, during projection, at least the part of the magazine in which the change movement takes place (i.e. during an action

  
  <EMI ID = 8.1>

  
position of the magazine in the case of an episcope equipped to be able to pass by rotation from the format in height to the format in width. In sophisticated devices, the episcope is equipped with a motor drive used to actuate the changer drawer. When the magazine is then rotated relative to other parts of the episcope when changing from the height format to the width format, it is necessary

  
perform motor drive so that it can

  
in

  
ensure the actuation of the changer at least / two positions offset between them by 90 [deg.], but advantageously however in the four possible positions ,. The functions described above can of course also be fulfilled by a remote control.

  
So that the original to be projected is always placed flat in the plane of the image window, this object is advantageously subjected to a pressure plate housed

  
in the store and subject to the pre-stress of a spring. This pressing device is advantageously arranged so as to be largely independent of the height of the stack of objects in the store and nevertheless so that, during the change of objects, the pressure is removed in order to protect the objects as much as possible against deterioration.

  
During the change movement, the magazine changer drawer pulls on the magazine itself which is for this reason nested sufficiently firmly in the episcope so that its position is not changed, during the change movement or in the direction of projection window or parallel to it. The locking means provided for this purpose can be produced so as to be released by actuation of a key, if necessary by a remote control, and so that the magazine can then be ejected by a spring, preloaded during the introduction phase.

  
When changing the format of objects and when correspondingly changing the dimensions of the magazine, the stopper means of the episcope advantageously adapt to the

  
  <EMI ID = 9.1>

  
these stop means can simultaneously be produced in the form of diaphragms intended to prevent the projection of the image window area which surrounds the object to be projected.

  
For direct observation of objects without projection, the magazine can be provided with a window which is covered by transparent glass, for example in transparent plastic. The episcope can then be such that, under the effect of the engagement, preferably introduction, of the magazine, this glass is pushed or folded to the side so that the objects to be projected are applied directly against a glass glass. having good optical qualities and forming the image window of the episcope. Scratches formed possibly during handling on the plastic glass of the store cannot then alter the projected image.

  
Finally, objects which contain video information can also be associated with audio information which can be placed outside the store or preferably in the store itself. For the reproduction of such information, the episcope is then also equipped with a sound reproduction device and the changes of video and sound information are advantageously carried out by actuation of the magazine changer drawer. In this case also the reproduction of the sound information can be ensured by means of a command to. distance.

  
The aforementioned characteristics are applicable individually or in combination as well in the case of simple direct viewers, relatively small and inexpensive as in the case of more complicated episcopes and with fully automatic or semi-automatic control, these episcopes comprising a glass screen integrated mast or being equipped for projection on a large canvas screen, or even be switched between these two projection modes.

  
When using a motor drive for changing objects and when the magazine can rotate at least 90 [deg.] For the projection of objects at will

  
in format in height or in width, it is advantageous, in order to obtain a projection device of a convenient operation and despite everything of an economical manufacturing price, to provide the episcope with a changer mechanism driven by electric motor and provided coupling means which can be connected to the chassis, operating in synchronism with the latter during the movement of changing objects and having moreover a fixed position.

  
This embodiment, which is advantageous in the case where, generally speaking, photographic positives constitute the "objects", is at least particularly established for this latter use. Photographic positives generally have a rectangular format with unequal side lengths. If we take into account that these positives are already provided by the installation of

  
printing to the photographer in the stores or "cassettes" provided according to the invention, and also because: - during the printing operation, the different images keep the same relative position as in the negative film and are thus also introduced into cassettes, the position of the images in the cassette reproduces the position of the camera when the corresponding photograph has been taken.

  
Experience has shown that practically without exception, all width views have the same position - the photographer has no reason to use the camera in the inverted position ("on the head") &#65533; -. When

  
experience at height, experience has also shown that the camera is normally rotated a quarter of a turn from the usual format position

  
in width - in one direction by right-handers and in other direction by left-handers. Right-handers are more numerous

  
than left-handers; in addition, high-angle shots are much rarer than wide-angle shots - in particular because they require an unusual operation of the camera. For square formats, what was said above for the width format obviously also applies.

  
Consequently, it can be assumed that in the cassette, that is to say from the printing installation,

  
  <EMI ID = 10.1>

  
width format) are placed in a common "correct" position and that in addition most of the format-height images (those taken by right-handers) are placed in a second "correct" common position . Consequently, it can be considered that, for an appropriate production of the cassette or suitable magazine

  
at support, the correct number of image change processes can be performed without the need to rotate the magazine. This is why there is no discomfort in the maneuver when the change of image is also possible only in one of the preferred positions and when, for any other position (i.e. either of the height format positions)

  
must return, at each image change process, to the preferred position.

  
When it is also signaled to users that all views taken at height should not occupy the

  
  <EMI ID = 11.1>

  
be projected from a correct position, there is

  
  <EMI ID = 12.1>

  
namely a preferred position (format projection in width) where the change of image is also possible and a rotated position of 90 [deg.] relative to the first and

  
) corresponding to the height shooting format. It can be accepted that only far fewer left-handers will be required to sort through their

  
than

  
views taken at height, also less numerous / all other images - as they come out of the printing installation-being stored in the positions "correct for projection".

  
We also realize that it is not bothersome, but on the contrary advantageous for the user, that the support is brought back to the aforementioned preferential position after each change of view.

  
This also provides the advantage of providing the elements of the motor drive only for

  
  <EMI ID = 13.1>

  
a fixed position allowing a possible rotation. This reduces construction difficulties, and smaller and also more stable parts can be used.

  
Since no part of the motor drive performs a rotational movement at the same time as the support, the dimensions of the casing can be reduced correspondingly, which is more pleasant for the user and which reduces the manufacturing costs.

  
A condition for using the device without difficulties is obviously that the magazine can only be inserted into the support in a condition where it is placed in a correct position relative to the projection plane and does not cause reverse projection (" upside down"); in other words, the magazine on the one hand and the support on the other hand must be able to adapt to each other only in one of the eight possible positions of the magazine.

  
  <EMI ID = 14.1>

  
classify, even if it is only in different proportions, in three formats: 9 x 9 cm, 9 x 11.5 cm and 9 x 13 cm. Each format requires a different change of view of the store. Normally, one should plan for each would.! of object a structure adapted in dimension. However, as the manufacturing costs decrease relatively with the increase in the number of parts, it is advantageous to arrange the magazines and / or the change-over mechanism.

  
so that they can be adapted to at least a certain number of formats or else they can be adapted by interchangeability of adaptation elements without having to make any other modifications to the episcope, This is also important for holding trade stocks.

  
Other advantages and characteristics of the invention will appear in the description below, given by way of nonlimiting example, with reference to the appended drawings in which:
Fig.l is a perspective view of an episcope according to the invention, in which is engaged as a magazine a cassette for changing objects; Fig.2 shows, in a manner similar to Figure 1, the change of views when the cassette is engaged; Fig.3 shows schematically a plan view of such an episcope; Fig.4 shows schematically the adaptation of the support to different formats of cassettes; Figs.5 and 6 schematically show the support of Figure 4 in which are engaged the cassettes of different formats;

  
  <EMI ID = 15.1>

  
schematic of a variant of the support; Fig.8 is a schematic longitudinal section of an embodiment of the episcope; Fig.9 shows a detail of Figure 8, with a modified structure;

  
  <EMI ID = 16.1>

  
Figure 8; Figs.ll to 15 very schematically represent <EMI ID = 17.1>

  
attention; Figs. 16 to 18 show the structure of a viewer with the help of which views in a changer magazine can be viewed directly but nevertheless with magnification; Figs. 19 to 21 show in partial sections the functional elements of an episcope, serving to provide support, change of position and rotation of an object store;

  
  <EMI ID = 18.1> Fig.22 shows a perspective view of an episcope arranged in accordance with the invention;

  
  <EMI ID = 19.1> Fig.23 is a section through the magazine support; Fig.24 shows a side view of a separate store; Fig.25 is a perspective view of the support in which a magazine is engaged; Fig. 26 schematically shows the possibilities of coupling between a magazine and a changer mechanism; Fig. 27 shows two variants for one of the coupling possibilities; Fig. 28 schematically shows two possibilities of automatic stroke adaptation; <EMI ID = 20.1> part of the race adaptation system, Figs. 30 to 32 schematically show other possibilities of race adaptation; Fig.33 shows magazines of different formats for the changing mechanisms of Figure 28; Fig. 34 shows magazines of different formats for a constant stroke changer mechanism; Fig.35 shows a device for adapting to different formats;

   Fig.36 is a section along line 36-36 of Figure 35;

  
35; Fig.37 is a section along line 37-37 of figure Fig.38 is a plan view, and <EMI ID = 21.1>

  
ment and rotation; <EMI ID = 22.1> Fig.41 is an axial section of a second embodiment of a change and rotation device; Fig. 42 shows on an enlarged scale the coupling mechanism provided between the drive device and the magazine 'in the embodiment of Figures 40 and
41; Fig.43 is a plan view, and Fig.44 is a side view of a third embodiment of the change and rotation device; Fig.45 shows in perspective an embodiment of very small dimensions and applicable in particular only to square views, Fig.46 schematically shows a perspective view of an embodiment comprising a support resting on the periphery of a turntable;

  
Fig. 47 shows schematically a plan view of the arrangement of the apparatus of FIG. 46; Fig. 48 is a view along arrow 48 in the figure
47; Fig.49 shows an embodiment with valve mechanism for the introduction of the magazine; Fig.50 is a schematic longitudinal section of the embodiment of Figure 49; Fig.51 shows a plan view of a masking device which cooperates with a stroke variation system in the change operation; Fig.52 is a sectional view taken along the arrows 52 of Figure 51; Fig.53 shows a variant of a coupling device for the shift motor system; Fig.54 is a section taken along line 54-54 of Figure 53; Fig. 55 is a front view, and Fig. 56 a side view, partly in section, of a <EMI ID = 23.1>

  
support; Fig.57 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the changer device, similar to that of Figures 40 to 42, Fig.58 is a vertical section taken along 58-58 of Figure 57, including the adjacent parts of the housing episcope; Fig.59 is a perspective view of a device, mounted on a changer magazine, and which prevents an incorrect introduction of the magazine into the support; Fig.60 is a longitudinal section showing the lock associated with the support; Figs.61 and 62 show, in a manner similar to Figures 59 and 60, another solution to this problem, Fig.63 shows, on an enlarged scale compared to Figure 62, the locking pin device; Figs.64 and 65 show another variant similar to Figures 59 and 60; Fig. 66 corresponds to FIG. 65 but it represents the position of the elements during correct engagement of the magazine,

  
and Fig.67 very schematically shows an arrangement of the device of Figures 64 to 66, with the help of which the user can realize an incorrect orientation of the store; Fig.68 is a perspective view of a reproduction apparatus according to the invention:
Fig. 69 is a plan view of the figure apparatus
68; Fig.70 is a schematic vertical section of the apparatus of Figure 68; Figs. 71 and 72 show, in a manner analogous to FIGS. 69 and 70, a second embodiment of a reproduction apparatus according to the invention; Figs. 73 and 74 represent, in an analogous manner <EMI ID = 24.1>

  
the reproduction apparatus according to the invention.

  
In an episcope casing 3, a projection optical system 1 is provided in a conventional manner comprising a focusing device 15. A support for

  
magazine 2 can rotate 3600 relative to the casing 3, as shown in Figure 3, and it has a compartment 16 intended

  
to receive magazines for objects or views 17. The magazine is engaged in the direction of arrow 18 in FIG. 1 and it can be kept locked by its casing 4 in the episcope, or more precisely in the magazine support 2 of this last 'We see in Figure 2 that it is possible, by hand pulling on the handle 6, to remove the drawer 7

  
of the magazine housing 4 locked in the support and then re-engaging it in position in order to effect a change of view.

  
It is advantageous here that the opening of the drawer serving to receive the battery 8 is turned upwards and that each time the last projected image is freely accessible from above so that it can possibly be removed. For the rotation of the support 2, the projector casing 3 can be maintained using the bosses 5 ', which also make it possible, when changing objects, to immobilize the device
- in the case where the episcope is not in a stable position by gravity -. During the rotation of the support, the magazine is obviously driven so that objects placed in an inverted position ("on the head") can still be projected correctly after rotation of the support; it is also possible to switch from format to height in width format, and vice versa.

  
It has already been indicated that a magazine inserted into the device retains its position relative to the projection optics so that the projections are always placed in the same position on the screen. In addition, the changer magazine is advantageously provided in its .carter with a vision glass which is turned towards the projection optics.

  
(namely the inflection mirror in the episcope) and which constitutes the image window. Thanks to the spring pressure system which is provided in the magazine, the objects are applied flat against this sight glass in such a way that, once the optics are in focus, this adjustment position is maintained for the entire magazine and that he

  
there is at most to compensate for tolerances during the change-

  
  <EMI ID = 25.1>

  
store as object window, the episcope can be opened in the plane of this image window.

  
In addition, it is possible to provide in the support of the cells or reception channels of several stores whose objects must be projected successively, if necessary with programmed control. Alternatively, one can have a permutation device in one of the cells

  
for several stores. It is also possible to envisage, within the framework of the invention, the use of mechanisms for quickly finding and changing views.

  
We will now describe in detail the magazine support with reference to Figures 4 to 7.

  
As it is possible to have objects under

  
the most different formats, the support must be made so as to automatically adapt to the corresponding dimensions of the stores. For photographic prints, we often deal with formats of 9 x 9 cm, 9 x 11.5 cm and 9 x 13 cm and, for these formats, we have the corresponding stores. However, even for photographic prints, there are different formats and we cannot predict whether in the future we will not be dealing routinely with formats of other dimensions.

  
The support shown in FIGS. 4 to 7 is therefore produced so as to gradually adapt to the formats of the stores within a determined range. It comprises for example two lateral diaphragms 9,10 which can be separated from one another, in opposition to an elastic force, in the direction of the arrows 20 when a magazine housing 4 is engaged in the direction of the arrow 21 in channels
(not visible) provided on the lower side of the diaphragms. A transverse diaphragm 11 can be brought back,

  
overcoming the force of springs 22, when the magazine enters an associated channel of the transverse diaphragm II.

  
The position of two stores of different sizes and the diaphragms 9, 10 and 11 appear in FIGS. 5 and 6. In FIG. 6, we can also see, diagrammatically, a locking lever 14 which enters a recess 23 in the magazine casing 4 ; this recess is placed in the same position

  
  <EMI ID = 26.1>

  
that it is located at the same distance from the front wall 24

  
of the cell 16. When the latch 14 is released, the magazine is ejected under the action of the springs 22 or an auxiliary spring. Advantageously, the support and the magazines are made so that all the magazines of different formats are placed in the center of the window.

  
  <EMI ID = 27.1>

  
dement 23.

  
In FIG. 7, it can be seen schematically that a covering part 12 of the diaphragms is hooked onto the frame 13 of the casing 4 which surrounds the viewing glass

  
25 of the magazine so that, during the projection, only the

  
area of the window below which the view is placed is involved in the projection but not in the store frame.

  
In FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, we see a strip 28, preferably made of felt, fixed on the transverse diaphragm 11 near the extreme edge of the latter which is turned towards

  
the shop. This strip of felt is applied against a glass plate placed in the episcope above the magazine support and it is used to remove dust from this plate when changing the magazine. It is actually advantageous to cool this glass plate, because of the high power of

  
the light source, together with the light source itself, namely, as shown in Figure 8, on the side of the plate which is opposite the light source.

  
The episcope of Figure 8 has two main parts: the projector housing 30 which is mounted on legs 32, and the carrier assembly 36 mounted under it so as to be able to rotate around a journal 34. The journal 34 is fixed

  
on a support plate 38 which is itself rigidly connected to the feet 32. The headlight casing 30 has essentially in plan view a square shape (FIG. 10) while the support is placed substantially in the interval existing between

  
two feet located diagonally and can thus rotate 360 [deg.].

  
Behind the projection mirror 40, there is a fan 42 with radial suction, which has a channel

  
  <EMI ID = 28.1>

  
cooling which passes over the light source 46 but

  
  <EMI ID = 29.1>

  
existing between a glass plate 50, which closes the projector casing downwards, and a magazine 17 engaged in position. Air can pass through a slot 52, a limitation of the cavity being created by strips of felt 54 placed on

  
the support (or alternatively, Figure 9, by labyrinth seals 54 'placed in this area). These seals

  
  <EMI ID = 30.1>

  
foreign.

  
The service life of the light source depends mainly on its frequency of switching on and off, so care should be taken to avoid changing the objects every time

  
the light source is off. In classic episcopes for individual views or sheets, there is a significant diaphragm each time. In the episcope according to the invention, this problem is mitigated by the fact that, during the change of view, the following view is already visible. The image projection of this process of change where, if necessary, the image can lose its clarity, is in any case disturbing. It is therefore recommended to move a diaphragm at the same time as the change drawer (or to have it moved with gear change by the drawer or by its drive) so

  
that this diaphragm interrupts the projection during the change of view. Such a projection interruption diaphragm must also prevent a possibly necessary rotation of the magazine (passage from a height format to a width format) from appearing on the projection screen. Finally, it is also possible to prevent the opening of such a diaphragm by corresponding control means during any number of change of views.

  
  <EMI ID = 31.1>

  
ensuring projection on an integrated mat glass. The view which is placed in the vision window of the store 300 is illuminated by a lamp 301, the illumination being amplified by a reflector 302 and a mirror 303. The objective 304 projects the image with any appropriate magnification on the mat glass.
305. The device is surrounded by a casing 306.

  
In Figure 12 there is shown the optical principle of an episcope allowing the choice of a projection on an integrated mat glass or on a wall screen. The illumination of the view located in the magazine 300 is carried out in a manner similar to that of FIG. 11. The objective 307 has two different positions, namely a fixed position for projection on the mat glass and a variable position for projection on a wall screen. The mirror 308 must also be changed in position according to the desired projection mode.

  
Figure 13 shows the same optical principle as that of Figure 12. However, the position of the magazine 300 is changed relative to the matt green. The illumination of the view (object) located in the magazine 300 is carried out as in FIG. 11, the displacement of the objective 300 and the rotation of the mirror 310 are effected in a manner analogous to FIG. 12.

  
  <EMI ID = 32.1>

  
projection from a distance) in the form of a plane mirror and on the other side in the form of a concave mirror. The concave mirror is used for projection on matt glass and it reduces the focal distance.

  
In Figures 14 and 15 we see another optical principle for the projection of the upper view in the store, either on a mat glass or on a wall screen _, 1 "" ^ clearly from the view being here again made of similar to figure 11.

  
Depending on the desired projection mode, an optical system 311 is moved along the longitudinal axis. In one of the limit positions (FIG. 14), the objective 312 projects the image onto the mat glass. In the opposite limit position, the rays reach through the mirror <EMI ID = 33.1>

  
the objective 314 relative to the mirror is adjustable as a function of the spacing between the episcope and the projection screen.

  
Figures 16 to 18 show the construction

  
a viewer which renders each time with magnification-

  
ment the top view of the stack in a store.

  
The viewer housing 315 is designed to

  
have a slot-shaped opening for receiving the magazine 316.1th magazine housing being sufficiently blocked

  
in this opening by the locking device 317,

  
so that it remains fixed in position when leaving the

  
drawer. The viewer further includes one or more

  
lamps 318 which provide the illumination - amplified by reflectors 319 - of the upper view located in the store, as well as a lens 320 which allows an enlargement of the image. For placement on a support, by

  
example a table, a 320 folding support is provided. The lighting system is switched on using the key

  
322.

  
In Figures 19 to 21, there is shown in detail the support of a magazine placed on a wall of an episcope comprising means for actuating the mechanism

  
change and rotation.

  
  <EMI ID = 34.1>

  
338, the magazine 339 is put in place on the two pins 340 which engage in the corresponding openings 341 of the magazine. These receiving pins 340 are provided with an elastic allowance at their ends so that the magazine is correctly held in position,

  
Pins 340 are arranged on trolleys

  
342 movable radially in slots 343. The pins

  
340 are guided, on the side opposite the magazine, in a slide 344.

  
When the motor 345 rotates the

  
sliding disc 347 via the wheel 346,

  
and as long as the slotted disc 348 remains parallel to this disc 347, the carriages 342, and therefore the receiving pins 340, move radially outward <EMI ID = 35.1>

  
change out movement of the changer drawer.

  
  <EMI ID = 36.1>

  
have reached the semi-axes of the elliptical slide 344, the carriages 342, or the receiving pins 340, again move radially inward and the

  
  <EMI ID = 37.1>

  
ment of views is carried out.

  
The slotted disc 348 is locked or released using a ratchet 349, which is rotatably mounted and which is, for example, actuated using an electromagnet or a cable 350.

  
If the magazine 339 has to execute a rocking or rotation movement - because a view has been introduced upside down or because of the different positions of observation of views taken in height and in width - the disc

  
slot 348 is released by the pawl 349 so that it can be rotated by the motor 345 at the same time as the sliding disc 347. There is therefore no change movement for the magazine.

  
Because the two rotating discs 347 and 348 must have a recess 351 in their center so that

  
to make visible to the optical system of the episcope the upper object being in the window 352 of the magazine, the discs are supported by their external contour 353; this function is fulfilled respectively by three rollers 354.

  
The 342 carts are such as

  
smaller formats can also be blocked by the receiving pins 340, for this purpose the carriage is turned

  
or tilted 180 [deg.] so that the second pin 355 is eccentrically close to the center of the disc and the distance between pins is reduced. Because the race
(semi-axis of the elliptical grooves 344) is determined by the largest magazine, which exceeds that of the smaller magazine, the second spindle 355 is fixed so as to produce a vacuum stroke by .1. intermediate of the rod 356., the entrainement is ensured when the carriage abuts against <EMI ID = 38.1>

  
The surface 358 of the carriage, which is applied against the small store, prevents the spindle 355 from deviating by rotation during a 'backward' movement from the radial direction.

  
  <EMI ID = 39.1>

  
  <EMI ID = 40.1>

  
in a fixed position. The store is therefore partially open. FIG. 20a shows the spindle support in the inverted position, that is to say in the condition of receiving a smaller magazine.

  
FIG. 22 represents an embodiment of an episcope comprising an optical projection system 130 in a narrow front wall of the casing 131 of the apparatus as well as a maneuvering button plate 132, which can also be taken out in order to a remote control. In addition to the power switch, the touch panel has <EMI ID = 41.1>

  
  <EMI ID = 42.1>

  
Near the covering surface of the casing, there is provided on the side a cavity 133 for engaging a magazine, this cavity being normally closed by a dust cover. In FIG. 22a, the mirror 129 and the position of the magazine 128 are shown diagrammatically when it is engaged and when the views are changed.

  
The magazine is arranged in the casing 131 preferably so that its window is oriented parallel to the optical axis of the projection system 130 because it then suffices to use a single mirror 129; the magazine does not have to be laterally engaged: it is also possible to provide an insertion cell that can be folded out or else only a cover, the opening of which allows free access to the magazine support.

  
It can be seen that the casing 131 of FIG. 22 must have a length and a width of determined minimum values: the length is at least equal to the length of the magazine in the direction of the change of view movement increased by the

  
stroke necessary for the change, while the width is at least equal to the diagonal dimension of the magazine so that the pivoting movement is possible. When you want to make an even more compact structure, you have to take into account that, during the change of view process and / or the rotation process, parts have to come out <EMI ID = 43.1>

  
  <EMI ID = 44.1>

  
stores of different the previous indications are obviously valid for the largest possible format. However, it should be noted that the support must obviously have a determined width (for example for views of 9 cm in width) while the magazines can have different lengths (for example for views of 9 cm, a length of 11, 5 cm and 13 cm), because the centering of the views is ensured regardless of the length of the magazine.

  
In the embodiment of FIG. 22, the support can rotate around a pivot 134 concentric with the axis of the

  
  <EMI ID = 45.1>

  
in rotation by means of a paperback placed on the rear side of the store obviously simplifies the construction but increases the size). This is why it may be advantageous to provide the support with a circular flange and to allow the rotary drive mechanism to hang on its periphery (see FIGS. 19 to 22). However in this case the support 139 has in plan a contour in the shape of

  
  <EMI ID = 46.1>

  
in a ("correct") position. This result is guaranteed by the fact that the magazine has a guide groove 135 placed in an asymmetrical position with respect to the thickness of the magazine and cooperating with an engagement lock 136 '; define the engagement depth, a recess 136 is provided in the bottom of the guide groove 136 into which a locking pawl 137 can penetrate which can be lifted using a magnet (not shown). The groove 135 is associated with guide ribs 138 provided in the support 139

  
(Figures 23 to 25).

  
There are other possibilities to ensure the movement of change of objects (views) in the store

  
one can leave a part of the chassis in a stationary position in the support and allow only the other to move; one can also leave the support in a stationary position and allow movement of the

  
two parts of the chassis with respect to. this support each

  
on the half of the stroke; one can also move with each moving part of the chassis a corresponding part of the support. It is preferable to leave the support stationary and to move the chassis parts symmetrically with respect to it because, in the projection position, the magazine occupies, relative to the casing of the episcope, a very favorable position for the 'enlightenment.

  
This embodiment has been shown in the drawings;

  
two chassis parts each have a hooking hole 140 for coupling the motorized drive.

  
First, we will describe with reference to figure

  
26 different possibilities of coupling the motorized drive with the magazine. In Figure 24, we see the first part of the chassis - hereinafter called "casing" - designated by
141 and the second chassis part - hereinafter called "drawer" designated by 142. It is obviously not compulsory, but this is however advantageous for other reasons, to ensure the guidance of the "drawer" in the " casing "and adapt it to its outline. It suffices that at least one area of the pusher remains where the motorized drive can attack.

  
In principle it is necessary to take into consideration the surface of the pusher located on the window side (a), its

  
surface located on the rear side (b), its front wall (c)

  
and its narrow edges (d). Corresponding considerations obviously apply to the housing). When choosing a coupling by force combination in the manner of pliers, it must be possible to access each time two opposite zones and the drawer must have a compression resistance of appropriate value. When choosing a coupling operating by conjugation of shapes, it is not appropriate to have a surface located on the side of the window because the bulk is then increased. It is recommended to provide a combination of shapes on the front side or on the back side. There are shown diagrammatically in FIG. 27 two examples of conjugation of shapes on the front side ', in correspondence with the front wall (c).

   On the left part of the figure, a double hook 143 is engaged in a rectangular opening 144 which is large enough to allow uncoupling by elastic bending

  
hook 143 (for example under the action of a magnet); on

  
the right part of the figure, a double frame 145 is engaged in an opening 146 placed on the front side, so as to be uncoupled by a compression exerted in the direction of the arrow.

  
The preferable coupling is however carried out using a pin which is engaged in the hanging holes
140 because we then obtain simple and space-saving constructions which also allow automatic and convenient adaptation to. different races.

  
  <EMI ID = 47.1> figure 28. The coupling rod 147 is hooked by the hook
148 in the corresponding hole and it can itself move elastically relative to a linkage 149 which executes a fixed stroke according to the maximum size of the magazine. The intermediate spring 150 absorbs the excess travel. The coupling rod 147 and the linkage 149 can execute with respect to each other a sliding movement (right part of the figure) or a pivoting movement (left part of the figure). The elastic coupling provided has the additional advantage of also allowing the compensation of manufacturing tolerances.

   However, if it is desired to provide a different stroke according to each format, it is also possible to adopt the arrangement of FIG. 29: on the coupling rod 147, there is provided in this case a contact actuator lug 152, and the linkage 149 carries the associated contactor 151 which controls the direction of movement. The spring 150 is chosen: such that it is hard relative to the opposing force occurring, during the change, under the effect of the friction exerted between the drawer and the housing, but being however soft relative to the retaining force of the support, which occurs when the drawer reaches its outer limit position.

  
In Figures 30 and 31 there is shown schematically a magnetic coupling. In this case, the coupling rod 153 still moves from the total stroke

  
and the magnet 154 fixed on it acts on a piece of soft iron 155 which is placed on the front side (Figure 31)

  
or on the rear side (figure 30) of the drawer. The magnetic force is large enough to overcome the friction exerted between the drawer and the casing but it is however too small to bring out: the whole magazine out of the support or to damage the magazine; The course adaptation is carried out in a manner analogous to FIG. 28.

  
According to FIG. 32, it is also possible to actuate the stroke control switch 151 using a

  
  <EMI ID = 48.1>

  
limit switch outside the housing, cooperates with the contactor installed in a fixed position.

  
In Figure 33 there are shown three stores of different formats, in which the hanging holes are

  
  <EMI ID = 49.1>

  
symmetrically with respect to the middle of the image. These three different magazines can be used with a coupling device according to FIG. 28. It should be noted in this regard that the coupling is preferably carried out in the middle of the drawer and the casing, considering the width of the magazine, so that, during the movement of changing objects, there is as far as possible on the housing and the drawer no tilting torque which could lead to jamming or at least difficulty in maneuvering.

  
However, it is also possible to operate with a fixed stroke determined for the largest store, when there is no problem of tolerances and provided that the

  
  <EMI ID = 50.1>

  
views in order to allow a course adaptation. A corresponding example is shown in FIG. 34: only the longest magazine 113a has hanging holes 160

  
  <EMI ID = 51.1>

  
have hooking slots 162 and 164 which have a length each time corresponding to half the difference between the stroke of the associated magazine and the stroke h of the magazine 113a. There is thus an empty movement corresponding to the start of the process of re-entering and leaving the drawer.

  
Alternatively, the coupling points of magazines of different dimensions can be provided in

  
different places and the change mechanism then ensures the coupling of organs each time multiplied in correspondence. It is also possible to perform manual switching or reversing. It is also not compulsory that a motor drive ensures the exit and the retraction of the drawer; a movement in one direction can be ensured by a spring, while the movement in the other direction is ensured by the motor.

  
The actual mating process can be controlled differently. The coupling can be set up automatically when the magazine is engaged in the appliance, and it can only be engaged by pressing the "change" button and uncoupling <EMI ID = 52.1> store in a projection position (preferably in the position corresponding to the height format) and establish, by rotation of the support, a coupling with the change of view mechanism; then, when it occurs during When changing format, uncoupling and re-coupling occur again automatically.

  
Until now, it has been admitted that all the magazines have the same width and are therefore adapted to the support. It is however also possible to make an adaptation to smaller widths by means of an attached mask, this is shown in FIGS. 35 to 37. In FIG. 35 is the support 139, which in this case has ribs shortened 166. By the center of its trunnion
134 passes a control pin 167 of a contactor which cuts the lighting circuit when no magazine is engaged in the device.

  
In the support a mask 168 adapts, the limit position of which is determined by the stop 169. In its thickened lateral flanges 170 are housed helical springs 171 which are compressed by the ribs 166. Their preload serves to eject the mask when the locking member is released. This one has a tongue <EMI ID = 53.1>

  
The rear side of the mask is open so that the cassette can be mated. to elements 174 and 167. The positioning of the magazine in the mask is ensured by the ribs 168 ′. The centering recesses 136 cannot act here because they are covered by the flanges 170. For this reason the support comprises in this case a centering pin
174 hanging on the rear side of the magazine and entering a centering recess (not shown), said pin

  
being triggered against the force of a spring to allow exit from the magazine or can be used - as a variant - for ejecting the magazine. For this purpose the mask is open at least on one side.

  
When the mask is placed in the support, it rotates with it. However, the range of the projected image can be blurred in another way when a magazine smaller than the maximum possible size is used. Such diaphragms can be placed anywhere

  
in the path of the rays emitted by the projector. but however the. solution involving the mask is more advantageous.

  
The mask can also be used to provide stroke adjustment. All the masks have the same profile - seen from the drive device - and all require the same stroke but, depending on the store fitting into the mask - the stroke is reduced or multiplied by

  
  <EMI ID = 54.1>

  
may be advantageous to associate with each episcope a store cooperating with very handy masks.

  
In the three embodiments of the changer device described below, the magazine is inserted in the "format in height" position while on the other hand the change of views is carried out in the "format in position". width" . The magazine ejectors have not

  
not shown here; they can be accommodated in a

  
  <EMI ID = 55.1>

  
store engagement where there is room for this
-as shown in the drawings, -.

  
  <EMI ID = 56.1>

  
1102 is mounted on the projection of the casing 1100. This shaft carries the magazine support 1103 and it is rigidly connected thereto. A pulley is also mounted on the outside surface of the trunnion or of the hollow shaft 1101.

  
  <EMI ID = 57.1>

  
belt 1105 to a motor always rotating in the same direction of rotation, preferably a motor with split poles; this motor advantageously ensures the driving of a cooling fan. The pulley 1104 can slide axially on the hollow shaft 1101 and is held by means of a coil spring 1106 in the position indicated in figure 39. When pressure is exerted on the change button
1107, for example by a magnetic contactor which acts at the place indicated by the arrow 1108, the pulley 1104 is moved in the direction of a toothed wheel 1109. The pulley 1104 on the one hand and the gear 1109 on the other hand carry claws 1110, 1111 which can be brought into displacement displacement by means of the key 1108 so that the gear is driven. The gear 1109 is also mounted idly on the hollow shaft 1101.

   Its teeth are engaged with racks 1112, 1112 '. Each rack is guided slidingly in a bar 1113; the bars or rails 1113 are

  
rigidly connected to the casing 1100 of the episcope. Each rack has an appendage 1114 curved in the direction of the axis of symmetry. Each appendage 1114 carries a coupling head or journal 1115 which, magnetically actuated with the object change button 1108, can engage in the drive hole of the corresponding chassis part of the magazine for the purpose of nesting this last in the device. The movement of the racks and appendages 1114 is possible because the sheet metal part 1117, which connects the two bars 1113 together, each has a slot 1118.

   Approximately at point 1119.11 a limit switch is provided which opens the excitation circuit starting from the change button 1107 without however acting on the coupling pin 1115, so that the pulley
1104 is uncoupled and the gear 1109 can turn <EMI ID = 58.1>

  
takes place under the action of springs (not shown),

  
which have been stretched by the movement of the drawer. Sure

  
  <EMI ID = 59.1>

  
which can be mated, again via

  
1123 magnetic journals, with the

  
support 1103. These levers are used to rotate the support.

  
  <EMI ID = 60.1>

  
also produces - with electric locking - actuation of the claw coupling between the pulley 1104 and the gear 1109; on the other hand the magnetic couplings
1115 and 1123 are blocked from each other

  
so that only one of them can come into action, When activated in 1120, the motor drive is also used to rotate the support, in which case the view-changing device remains uncoupled. return or return is ensured by the force of a spring; a limit switch can be provided which cuts the circuits 1108/1123/1120. In an analogous manner, there is provided a limit switch 1119 for deactivation of the elements 1108/1115. In principle, a lever 1121 is sufficient when the rotation is to be carried out only

  
  <EMI ID = 61.1>

  
rotate 900 in two directions.

  
In Figures 40, 41 and 42, another embodiment of the invention is shown. The pulley 1201 has the same arrangement and fulfills the same function as in the example previously described, but it is however axially displaceable in both directions. When moving in direction 1202 (arrow), a coupling is established

  
with the shaft 1203 which is fixed on the support 1215 of the magazine
1204. During a movement in the direction of arrow 1205, there is a coupling with the gear 1206 which is engaged with two toothed rings 1207,1208. The toothed crowns each carry an eccentric and elastically flexible stud 1209, which is coupled via a crank 1210 with a carriage 1211 connected in an articulated manner to the pin 1212; the carriages 1211 can slide on two bars 1213. Each carriage 1211 carries a cam <EMI ID = 62.1>

  
  <EMI ID = 63.1>

  
on the side against the force of a preload spring
1216 until a slot-shaped recess 1217 arrives above the cam 1214 which can then penetrate

  
in this slot 1217. During the movement of the carriage, the magazine is then opened and closed, these two movements are effected. killing under the impulse of the engine. The pre-stress spring 1220 associated with the crank pin 1209 is long enough not only to absorb manufacturing tolerances but also to compensate for stroke differences for different formats. The reminder movement

  
or back from the support 1215 can be produced by an elastic force, the spring being tensioned by rotation towards

  
the front produced by the engine, or by a reversing mechanism which reverses the direction of rotation, or in a similar manner. Ejecting magazine 1204 from the support

  
1215 is ensured by pressing the eject button
1222 (eject button 1222 'in figure 22).

  
There is shown in Figures 43 and 44 an embodiment of the invention, which differs from the embodiment described above in that there is only one driver 1306 provided with two offset crank pins 1309 which act by means of curved rods 1301 on the carriages 1311. Like the rods
1301 cannot reach the bearing of the gear carrying the eccentric pin, only a half-turn is foreseen and the return movement of the changer device is

  
produced under the action of a tension spring 1302 tensioned during the exit movement. In FIG. 44, one can see the different arrangement of the switching fork 1303 serving to pass from the change of view movement to the rotary drive movement, and vice versa.

  
'In Figure 45 there is shown schematically how one can achieve a particularly compact device. The frame 1320 reproducing the outline of the episcope in the resting state is enlarged only for the use of the device by an attached guide 1321 which is housed inside the outline of the episcope at l '' rest state.The guid &#65533; covers.the outgoing part of the chassis 1322 of the store during the change process and simultaneously serves to ensure its guidance.

  
'Uc;,; t - -

  
In the variant shown in the figures

  
46 to 48 the support is connected to a turntable 1330 of which it forms a part. The turntable is supported on four drive and guide rollers 1331 distributed around its periphery, so that the chassis parts of the magazine remain accessible for the operation of changing objects and delimit intervals into each of which penetrate. two 1331 rollers.

  
the rotation of the support, a motor device is provided placed on the periphery of the turntable and ensuring the drive in one direction using a friction roller
1332 and in the other direction using a friction roller
1333. The two friction rollers are engaged by means of toothed rings and one of them is driven

  
by a motor (not shown) using a transmission

  
at. belt 1334. As the two friction rollers are mounted on a beam 1335 which can pivot in 1336, it is possible, by exerting pressure on the lever appendage
3337 in either direction, to engage one or the other friction roller with the turntable. Switching can be carried out, as described above, using limit switches (not shown).

  
We see in the perspective view of Figure 49

  
and in Figure 50 a sectional view showing how

  
for such an arrangement, the store may be engaged. On the turntable 1330 is articulated in 1341

  
a 1340 valve which can open outwards but which, after closing the valve, however makes it possible for the magazine to execute the change movement. The turntable can in this case be supported by a front bearing, at place or in addition to the aforementioned pucks.

  
Figures 51 and 52 show schematically how by means of a mask (see Figure 35), one can simultaneously perform a stroke adaptation of the change movement.

  
On the rear side of the mask 1400, are pivoted at 1403, 1404 two pivoting levers 1401, 1402. Each lever has a buttonhole 1405 in which a pivot 1406 is engaged. Each pivot is mounted on a carriage 1407 which can slide relative to the mask in a way

  
guide 1408. A spring 1409 brings the two carriages one against the other in a zero position.

  
Couplings of the drive device

  
with motor can attack the levers in several places, for example in 1410 and 1411 and, depending on the distance from the center of rotation 1403 or 1404, a different angular movement occurs for the same coupling stroke levers.

  
This rotational or pivoting movement is transmitted to the parts of the store chassis using elastic tongues 1412 formed on the carriages 1407 and cooperating with latching pins 1413.

  
In Figures 53 and 54 there is shown a device

  
  <EMI ID = 64.1>

  
1500 narrow sides of the store hang appendages

  
  <EMI ID = 65.1>

  
elastically inward, with an elastic stirrup
1502. Elastic stirrups placed facing each other are connected together by a cross member 1503. The chassis parts of the store 1504 are provided with step stops 1505 on which the appendages 1501 move during the movement towards the exterior of sleepers and elastic stirrups connected thereto. However, there is an empty movement up to the stop steps 1505. The length of the stroke necessary for a given magazine is thus indicated and detected on the magazine itself. The . rest position of the elastic stirrups is provided by stop pads 1506 which penetrate into corresponding recesses 1507 of the mask.

  
We see in Figures 55 and 56 the mirror 1600

  
placed inside the housing 1601 of the episcope. This mirror is fixed to a carrier element 1602 in a manner not shown in detail. On the side of the carrier element which is opposite the mirror, there is provided a pin 1603 on which a sleeve 1604 is rotatably mounted. From this sleeve leave a number of spokes 1605, preferably 3 in number, these spokes carrying a ring gear 1606 on a ring 1607. On this ring, guides 1608 and 1609 are provided for two pairs of diaphragms 1610, 1611 movable radially with respect to the aforementioned pin and which feels displaced in correspondence during a change of format. When changing from a height format to a width format, the diaphragms move however, without changing their radial position, each 90 [deg.] With the ring
1607.

   The drive in rotation of the ring is ensured by means of a pinion 1612 whose shaft 1613 is driven in rotation by the same motor and by the same angle as the magazine support.

  
  <EMI ID = 66.1>

  
that, during the rotational movement, the carrying element 1602 is not annoying because an angle of at least twice 90 [deg.] remains free.

  
FIGS. 57 and 58 show in detail a device for changing views according to the diagram in FIGS. 40 to 42.

  
FIG. 58 shows the part of the episcope casing 1700 which receives the view changing device and which is provided with the magazine engagement opening 1702. On the bottom of the housing, a frame is provided.

  
  <EMI ID = 67.1>

  
U-shaped and which is reinforced by sole 1706. The branch 1708 of the frame 1704, which is placed inside with respect to the episcope casing, carries a bearing 1710

  
in which is mounted the pin 1712 of the magazine support 1714, without the possibility of axial translation. A tree

  
with double crank 1716 is mounted coaxially to this bearing in the other branch 1718 of the frame 1704 and it can be driven, by means of a gear train 1720 which preferably acts as gear reduction - using the pinion 1722 provided at the end of a drive shaft with axis 1724. In the gap between the two branches 1708 and 1718, there is housed a transmission mechanism, which can be driven by the same shaft, to

  
ensure the pivoting movement of the magazine holder 1714, .., ..

  
  <EMI ID = 68.1>

  
the latter's trunnion, the transmission mechanism
1720 being at the same time uncoupled; to simplify the drawing, however, the means provided for this purpose have not been shown and reference is made to. this subject in Figures 40 to 42.

  
In the guide slots 1726 provided in the

  
  <EMI ID = 69.1>

  
1730; for mounting the latter, the guide slots have at their ends enlarged recesses 1732. The coupling and uncoupling of the slots with the store chassis parts 1734, 1736 are carried out automatically during the pivoting movement of 90 [deg .] of the magazine support 1714 from the position indicated in FIG. 57 (position of engagement, and simultaneously position for format in height) until in the position for changing views. For this purpose, couplings according to Figure 42 are provided but not shown here. The 1738 cranks of the 1716 shaft are coupled with the <EMI ID = 70.1>

  
1742; for simplicity, these links are only represented by dashed lines. To allow crossing of the branches 1718 by the link 1740, these branches have a slot 1744 oriented parallel to the guide slot of the associated carriage 1728.

  
During a rotation of 360 [deg.] Of the double crank shaft 1716, the carriages 1728, 1730 perform between them, in relation to the double eccentricity of the point of articulation of the rods 1740, 1742 with respect to the axis 1746 of the tree 1716, a movement of distance and reconciliation which allows the execution of the change of views. We have already specified and will further specify below how it is possible to adapt a race, predetermined by construction, of the view changing device to stores of different formats.

  
In figure b &#65533; we see the front side of a store
1800 which has an opening 1802. This opening

  
is arranged laterally with respect to the plane of symmetry
1804 of the magazine and it thus serves to prevent the magazine from being engaged, by being badly oriented, in the support 1806
(Figure 60).

  
On the magazine support 1806 are articulated a locking lever 1808 and an operating lever 1810. The locking lever is prestressed by a spring

  
1812 in the position shown in Figure 60, so that it prevents the introduction of the magazine 1800.11

  
is engaged by its free end in a notch 1814

  
of the operating lever so that it cannot be unintentionally removed from the magazine either. The magazine must instead act on the inclined edge 1816 of the lever

  
maneuver 1810 and push it to the side in opposition to the force exerted by a preload spring
1818, so that the locking lever is released. The necessary movement of the magazine, however, is only possible when its opening 1802 is flush with a locking pin 1820 which is fixed on the locking lever.
1808; this is represented by a dashed line in Figure 60. On the other hand in the incorrect orientation state of the magazine -visible by solid lines in Figure 60the front side of the magazine abuts against the locking pin of so that the operating lever cannot be actuated.

  
'' After unlocking the locking lever 1808, it can release in a recess 1822 from the wall of the magazine support; likewise the operating lever can be moved aside until the magazine is fully engaged When exiting the store, lock lever

  
follows its movement under the action of the preload spring
1812 and it again enters the notch 1814 of the operating lever which also returns to the locking position.

  
  <EMI ID = 71.1> sition of the components which makes it possible to prevent the engagement of the magazine 1900 in an incorrect orientation. The 1902 maneuvering openings of the store are offset from

  
at the plane of symmetry 1904, in the front side of the store. The support 1906 carries, on each of its two narrow sides, a tongue 1908 cooperating with bearings 1910,1912, <EMI ID = 72.1>

  
  <EMI ID = 73.1>

  
  <EMI ID = 74.1>

  
locking position by a tension spring 1915

  
and so it also maintains in this position

  
the operating lever - against which it is applied on the side opposite the magazine. In the operating lever, a locking pin 1920 is provided, which can move against the force of a spring 1918 (see FIG. 63) and which, in the case of a magazine engaged correctly, hooks into said opening 1902; this is visible in the left half of figure 62. The magazine can then push laterally

  
the two levers 1914 and 1916 and it can be fully engaged in position. However, when the magazine is incorrectly oriented (right side in figure 62), the locking pin
1920 is pushed down by the operating lever because the

  
  <EMI ID = 75.1>

  
weaker than that of the 1916 tension spring, so that the levers 1914 and 1916 can hardly yet move. The locking piece 1922 provided on the lower side of the locking pin is now placed in front of the free end of the locking lever
1914 so that, because of the staggered arrangement of their bearings, the two levers 1914 and 1916 are now blocked between them. After removing the magazine, the locking lever mechanism returns to its initial position, which is defined by coming into contact of the operating lever with the edge 1924, which delimits in the direction of the magazine a slot 1926 for receiving the lever in the position of spacing.

  
Finally, we see in Figures 64 to 67 a locking device preventing engagement of the misaligned store
2000, device in which the orientation of the magazine is detected by means of a control or deflection groove
2002. Detection is ensured using a 2008 control lever, articulated in 2004 on an indicator lever
2006. This lever 2008 includes a feeler arm 2010 which, when the magazine is oriented correctly, can pivot in its guide groove 2022 when the magazine passes through its front side on the locking arm 2012 of the lever 2008 and tends to push the one -this on the side. But when

  
  <EMI ID = 76.1>

  
cannot deviate and a pulling force is then exerted on the indicator lever 2006 against the force exerted by a return spring 2014. In fact, the indicator lever can only be turned as far as a position defined by the stop 2016, but then it activates a contact
2018 of an indicator circuit so that the user is warned of the wrong operation by optical and / or acoustic means. The rest position of the indicator lever is defined by the counter-stop 2020; the return of the distribution lever
2008 in the rest position is secured using a 2022 leaf spring.

  
It has already been indicated that the basic principle of the invention is also applicable in the case where a projected image must not be viewed directly but must be formed on a photosensitive material in order to make a reproduction or a copy.

  
Figures 68 to 74 show projectors suitable as copying apparatus.

  
A first embodiment of this kind of device is shown in Figures 68 to 70. The store
3001 is engaged, with its window side facing upwards, in the receiving compartment 3002 of the apparatus 3003; the upper image contained in the magazine remains still visible through an opening 3004 of the apparatus. When the magazine 3001 is engaged in the device, coupling elements of a motor-changing view device-as described above with reference to FIGS. 57 and
58 - are brought into engagement with the chassis parts

  
of the store so that when the button is pressed
3006.1th store opens. The magazine is such that, when opening the changer drawer 3007, that of the image of the stack, which was turned towards the image window of the magazine when the cassette was closed, is also placed completely at the top when the changer drawer extended;

  
such stores of this kind are described in the publications cited above.

  
  <EMI ID = 77.1>

  
located at the top in the drawer is lit at. the help of

  
  <EMI ID = 78.1>

  
3010 by means of the optical system 3009. The set of keys
3005 allows, before the start of the "reproduction" operation, to indicate the number of copies to be made. When the store contains images which must not be printed, the user presses the 3011 key for these, for which there is only a change of view but where no reproduction occurs. When all

  
  <EMI ID = 79.1>

  
key 3012, the magazine is pushed enough out of compartment 3002 so that it can be taken out completely.

  
The photosensitive material, for example photographic paper, is unrolled, after each exposure operation, by a distance corresponding to a width of view from the supply reel 3013 and it is wound on a drum 3014.

  
The variant shown in Figures 71 and 72 differs from the example of Figures 68 to 70, in that the

  
reproduction part 3021 is here in the form of a mobile carriage which can be moved in the direction of the arrow 3003 above a magazine 3015 engaged in the apparatus so that the reproduction or printing takes place when the magazine ' is closed. The rotary knob 3019 allows you to set the number of copies you want; as a check, this number appears again in window 3031. In window 3032, the indication provided by a counter appears

  
which gives the total number of copies made per user; alternatively, you can also immediately get an impression of the sale price or - almost like in a vending machine - the amount owed on a sum of money introduced into the device.

  
In the example of Figures 73 and 74, the store
3033 is engaged, with the window facing down, in the receiver compartment. Initially the view facing the window is projected via mirrors 3037,
3038 on a matte control glass 3040. Using the selector switch 3041, the number of copies desired is marked and then, by pressing the key 3042, the reproduction operation is started. For this purpose, the mirror 3037

  
is brought by pivoting or translation in the position
3043 and the view evenly lit by the lamps 3036

  
is pulled on the photosensitive material 3046 by the optical projection system 3045. When no copy is desired, simply press the key 3047 for a change of view; when the key 3048 is pressed the magazine is ejected from the compartment.

  
In the last two embodiments, care must be taken that the edges of the view are. reproduce

  
are covered by the store's framing areas

  
so that the image is well "defined". In the case of a 1: 1 scale print, there appears for this reason a "master key" type edge on the copy. Alternatively, you can select a slightly enlarged print scale corresponding to the overlap of the window edge to obtain copies of the same dimensions as the original.

CLAIMS

  
1. Device for changing objects usable

  
in a projection or direct observation episcope,

  
characterized in that the leaf-shaped objects are

  
stacked on top of each other, on the face of the image window

  
of the episcope which is opposite the light source, in a

  
store where, for projection or observation, the object

  
sltué at the top of the pile is placed flat in the plane of a

  
window in the store, and directed towards the object support, in that the store has a first part

  
chassis and a second part of the casing which can move back and forth parallel to the plane of the window

  
and compared to the first part of the casing for a

  
cyclic change of the upper object inside the

  
store, and in that the episcope comprises a triggerable support in which one of the housing parts, can be

  
fixed in a position where, during projection or

  
observation, the store window plan applies

  
against the object holder and where for change

  
of objects, the two housing parts remain movable one by

  
compared to each other.


    

Claims (2)

2. Device according to claim l, characterized in that the window plane constitutes the support for objects. 3. Device according to claim l, characterized in that the episcope is constructed for a selective projection of objects on a screen. 4. Device according to claim 1 characterized in that the screen is separate. 5. Device according to claim 1 characterized in that the screen is a mat glass joined by construction to optics and store support. 6. Device according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the support is constructed to receive stores of different formats. 7. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, usable with non-square objects on which the image information exists in a height format or in a width format, characterized in that the episcope comprises a mechanism allowing at will a projection in the height format or in the width format. 8. Device according to one of claims to 1 7, characterized in that the episcope comprises a drive motor to activate the change of views drawer of the shop. 9. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the support comprises a locking system hooking by conjugation of forms on the magazine and such that the magazine cannot be moved, during the actuation of the changer drawer, neither towards the image window, nor from the image window, nor parallel to it. 10. Device according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the support comprises an ejection device which moves the magazine into a gripping position when the locking system is released. Il.Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the support automatically adapts to the dimensions of the magazine. 12. Device according to claim 9, characterized in that the magazine is lockable independently of its dimensions, in the support so that the magazine window is placed at least approximately in a central position in the image window of the episcope. 13. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, comprising an air circulation device for cooling the projection light source, characterized in that part of the cooling air is channeled onto the magazine. 14. Device according to one of claims 7 and 8 characterized in that the support comprises two carriages each of which is connected to a part of the magazine housing, and in that the two carriages are movable in opposite directions relative to the housing from the episcope. 15. Device according to lesrevendications7 and 8, characterized in that the carriages are constructed to receive magazines of different dimensions with automatic adaptation of the change of view stroke. <EMI ID = 80.1> vendications 1 to 15, characterized in that, in the case of a motor drive for moving the housing parts of the magazine for the change of views, and possibly in the case of a rotating support for the (selective projection in height and width format, the episcope includes a changer mechanism driven by an electric motor and which is provided with coupling parts which can be coupled to the casing parts, moving in synchronism with these during the change of movement. sight and being otherwise fixed. 17. Device according to claim 16, characterized in that the coupling is carried out by conjugation of shapes. 18. Device according to claim 17, characterized in that the coupling is constructed so as to hang on the rear sides of the housing parts which are opposite the window. 19. Device according to claim 18, characterized in that the housing parts have recesses in which penetrate by control the projections of the coupling. 20. Device according to claim 19, characterized in that the recesses are formed in a median plane of the movement of parts of frame. 21, Device according to claim 18, characterized in that the recesses are congruent in the case of stores of different dimensions. 22. Device according to claim 18, characterized in that the recesses are arranged symmetrically with respect to the middle of the window. 23. Device according to claim 16, characterized in that the motor drive is adaptable to different strokes of relative displacement of the casing parts, 24. Device according to claim 23, characterized in that the coupling is adaptable to the stroke. 25. Device according to claim 24, characterized in that the motor drive is produced for a maximum stroke and in that the coupling comprises a com- <EMI ID = 81.1> element. <EMI ID = 82.1> in that the compensating element allows an empty movement corresponding to the difference in strokes. '27. Device according to claim 16, characterized in that a mask is provided for adapting the support to magazines comprising, in a direction transverse to the relative movement of the parts of the housing, a width less than the maximum width for receiving the support. 29. Device according to claim 16, characterized in that the magazine can be engaged in and out of the support, in a position angularly offset from the drive remaining fixed. 29. Device according to claim 16, characterized in that the position not angularly offset from the support, corresponds to the projection in width format for objects of non-square shapes. 30. Device according to claim 16, characterized in that the coupling is constructed so as to be automatically disengaged when the magazine is rotated. 31. Device according to claim 16, characterized in that the change of view movement and the rotary drive movement are produced by a common motor. 32. Device according to claim 31, characterized in that the motor simultaneously drives a fan for cooling the episcope. 33. Device according to claim 31, characterized in that the controls for changing views and driving in rotation are locked together. 34. Device according to claim 16, characterized in that the coupling parts are arranged so that the change of views is done in the width format of the projected image. 35. Device according to one of claims 16 to 34, characterized in that there are provided coupling elements <EMI ID = 83.1> half a race. <EMI ID = 84.1> <EMI ID = 85.1> locking preventing its introduction into the incorrect position in the support. 37.A device according to any one of claims 16 to 33, characterized in that, in the case of an approximately square episcope casing, the magazine is arranged, by its face comprising the window, parallel to one of the surfaces of the housing, and in that the internal dimension of the episcope housing in the region of this surface is, in one direction, approximately equal to the longest dimension of the closed magazine and, in the direction perpendicular to the first, roughly equal to the longest dimension of the magazine fully extended. 38.Dis positive according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that there is provided on the support a valve compartment in which the magazine can be placed or engaged by translation. 39. Device according to claim 16, characterized in that the coupling parts are coupled after or during the establishment of the magazine and are uncoupled before or during the ejection of the magazine. 40. Device according to claim 17, characterized in that an attached mask is provided which can be engaged in the support and which comprises a stroke transformation mechanism for stores with different strokes. 41. A device according to claim 16, in which the support can rotate around an axis oriented perpendicular to the center of the window, characterized in that the support comprises a bearing pin on the side opposite the window. 42. Device according to claim 16, in which the support can rotate around an axis perpendicular to the center of the window, characterized in that the support comprises a turntable, or else forms part of <EMI ID = 86.1> <EMI ID = 87.1> <EMI ID = 88.1> 2 characterized in that it is incorporated in a reproduction apparatus with the aid of which the views in the magazine can be reproduced and which contains a motor drive for the housing parts of the magazine.