BE875353A

BE875353A - MECHANICAL FORMWORKS FOR THE RAPID CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS

Info

Publication number: BE875353A
Application number: BE0/194431A
Authority: BE
Original assignee: Quintana Real Jose
Priority date: 1978-04-05
Filing date: 1979-04-05
Publication date: 1979-07-31
Also published as: ES468575A1

Description

       

  "Coffrages mécaniques pour la construction rapide de bâtiments. 

  
La présente invention a pour objet des coffrages mécaniques pour la construction rapide de bâtiments en général, à utiliser

  
de préférence à pied d' oeuvre .

  
L'objet de la présente invention offre de nombreux avantages, outre la réduction considérable de main-d'oeuvre qu'il représente. En général, il offre les avantages suivants, non limitatifs :
a) Ces coffrages permettent de construire des murs d'enceinte et des cloisons de séparation en un tout, en laissant, aux endroits prévus pour les fenêtres et les portes, un cadre provisoire où l'on placera ensuite le cadre déf initif. b) On peut, si on le désire, placer toute espèce d'installations pendant qu'on procède au remplissage, vu qu'elles sont encastrées dans l'ouvrage; on peut également les placer après coup puisque,dans ce cas, une fente est pratiquée, qu'on fait à l'aide d'un moule qu'on accouple au panneau à l'endroit désiré.

   Les panneaux sont pourvus d'éléments mâles pour la fixation des installations de plomberie, d'électricité, de chauffage, etc. c) On effectue ensuite le coffrage du plafond et l'on obtient ainsi l'étage terminé pour ce qui est des murs extérieurs, des cloisons de séparation et des plafonds, le tout étant absolument terminé.

  
Ces coffrages peuvent avoir toute espèce de dimensions souhaitables, changements et modes de placement exigés, dans chaque cas, par le bâtiment à construire. Les coffrages peuvent être fabriqués en toute espèce de matériau adéquat.

  
d) Avec ces coffrages, on peut construire les bâtiments avec n'importe quelle espèce de matériau existant sur le marché et suivant les exigences techniques et facultatives de chaque bâtiment. e) Les panneaux glissants pour la construction des façades glissent dans le sens ascendant, mais ces coffrages, suivant l'invention, glissent détachés du parement, laissant l'empreinte d'un dispositif qui leur est adossé, pour décorer les façades, suivant les mesures exigées par les saillies et les caractéristiques de ces dernières.

  
Pour mieux comprendre-la présente invention, on se référera aux dessins joints qui montrent un exemple de réalisation, non limitatif, de l'objet de l'invention. Sur ces dessins :

  
Les figures 1, 2, 3 et 5 montrent des détails de l'ensemble d'un coffrage intérieur suivant l'invention, qu'on voit dans sa totalité à la figure 17.

  
Les figures 4 et 14 montrent également des détails de l'en-semble du même coffrage intérieur. 

  
Les figures 15 et 16 montrent le coffrage du plafond

  
dans ses deux positions, longitudinale et transversale.

  
Les figures 6, 7 et 8 montrent le coffrage de la façade.

  
La figure 9 correspond au coffrage de terrasses et de ' surplombs.

  
Les figures 10, 11 et 13 montrent les mécanismes pour fermer et glisser.

  
La figure 17 est une vue générale de l'ensemble du coffrage intérieur.

  
Les figures 1A à 1D montrent les panneaux moule pour la formation de plafonds, suivant l'invention.

  
Les figures 2A à 2D montrent, schématiquement, les assemblages du périmètre du moule, déjà préparé pour son remplissage.

  
Les figures 3A à 3F montrent les différents assemblages des panneaux et des moules, et les boulons pour la fixation des panneaux et des moules.

  
Les figures 4A à 4D montrent des détails des moyens de fixation, moules, détails de construction et l'appareil pour obtenir une parfaite verticalité des panneaux.

  
Les figures 5A à 5C montrent des détails de l'ensemble

  
du coffrage intérieur.

  
La figure 6A montre des coupes et des détails purement de construction.

  
Il est entendu que tous ces dessins ont un caractère purement schématique.

  
Conformément à l'invention relative à ces dessins, le panneau de coffrage 1 est fixé par une vis 2 de fixation au profilé de charpente 6 du panneau vertical; et par une vis 5 il est accouplé à la cornière 3 d'assemblage des panneaux, au moyen d'un fer plat 4 pour fermer le joint vertical. On dispose également de profilés en  <EMI ID=1.1> 

  
"U" 9 assemblés par des tubes de raccordement 8 qui reçoivent le profilé 10 de charpente du panneau horizontal; lesdits profilés en "U" sont assemblés et fixés par des vis de fixation 11 comme on le voit à la figure 1. 

  
A la figure 2 on montre le panneau de coffrage 1 qui est traversé par une vis de fixation 2, jusqu'au profilé 13 de charpente verticale, et fixe le profilé de charpente du panneau horizontal 14.

  
On place également, comme on le constate à la figure 3, le panneau de coffrage 1 qui, à une de ses extrémités, s'appuie contre le fenton 15 des montants verticaux, pour former des angles; ledit panneau de coffrage est accouplé par des vis 2 de fixation, à un profilé vertical d'assemblage 18 auquel s'accouple également l'autre panneau qui est traversé, à cet effet, par une autre vis 2 de fixation; une autre vis 17 de fixation est accouplée de façon à constituer la bissectrice de l'angle formé par les deux panneaux susmen-  tionnés, et elle traverse également en diagonale le profilé vertical  d'assemblage 18; on place des entretoises 16 et une entretoise d' ajustage 19 à l'extrémité de la contre-fiche 17 susmentionnés, en ancrant ainsi le profilé horizontal de charpente 20.

  
On dispose également d'une charpente centrale de fixation
26 qui sert à fixer les panneaux au moment du coffrage et du décoffrage, et qui est le centre de la structure de coffrage mécanique
(voir figure 5). On a là un profilé vertical de charpente 21 et ses profilés horizontaux 14; le profilé vertical de charpente 21 porte le panneau 1, qui lui est adossé. Dans la structure centrale de fixation sont accouplés des profilés horizontaux 14 pour armer l'ensemble susmentionné. Pour fixer le coffrage et décoffrer on se sert de vis 2 pourvues d'un volant 29 d'actionnement, ainsi que d'une clavette 28, en plaçant à l'extrémité opposée un boulon 37 pour faire tourner cette vis. On place également des crochets 38 pour fixer ces vis 2 au moment de les monter. 

  
 <EMI ID=2.1> 

  
Pour monter et descendre comme il convient, on dispose

  
sur l'ensemble de la structure centrale de fixation 26, à sa partie inférieure, d'une poignée 30 d'actionnement d'une vis verticale

  
de. montée et de descente 36 qui, à son extrémité inférieure, s'appuie contre une plaque de base 31; de même, à la partie inférieure de la charpente, on dispose d'un mécanisme constitué par un guide 32 sur lequel s'emboîte une roue 33 montée sur une pièce de fixation 39, disposant également d'un guide 34 pour le placement des panneaux armés. On dispose d'une pièce B d'assemblage entre ces deux derniers ensembles décrits.

  
Comme on le voit à la figure 4, les profilés verticaux

  
de charpente de panneaux 21 sont adossés à une garniture de fers plats 22, disposant d'un tube d'assemblage et de vis de fixation

  
23 pour les profilés horizontaux de la charpente de panneaux.

  
Dans la structure du bâtiment, et comme la montre la figure 6. on dispose-d'un ensemble formé par des guides coulissants 40,

  
 <EMI ID=3.1> 

  
galets 44 pour le glissement. Les guides 40 sont pourvus de pièces de fixation 45 avec entretoise et contrefiche 46, et de vis 2-de fixation. Le coffrage du plancher porte la référence 49'.

  
Pour pouvoir mettre le panneau bien d'aplomb, on se sert d'un boulon à tourner qui porte la référence 50 sur cette même figure 6.

  
A la figure 7, on voit les guides coulissants 40 susmentionnés, ainsi que le profilé vertical 21 de la charpente; on place des galets coulissants 52 sur le mur 55 du bâtiment, en veillant à se servir également de pièces 55 pourvues d'une roue pour faciliter le déplacement desdits guides 40, tout en se servant d'un autre dispositif similaire 55A. Sur cette figure, les planchers portent la référence 54. 

  
1 En ce qui concerne la figure 8, on y voit le profilé 25 de la charpente horizontale, et l'on montre les pièces 55 qui sont des galets ou des roues coulissant sur des guides 56 qui sont fixés entre eux par des frettes 57; ainsi, l'ensemble 25 de la charpente horizontale peut glisser sur les guides en question.

  
Comme nous le montre la figure 9, on y voit le mur 68 du bâtiment, et la balustrade 60 d'une terrasse; on remarque également comment sont disposés les planchers 62 correspondants et le coffrage du plafond 61A. A l'avant se trouve le panneau de coffrage 59, et les guides coulissants correspondants 58 et les galets de glissement
67, ainsi que les roues 55, qui facilitent le glissement du panneau
58 et des guides, sur 61.

  
Sur cette même figure, on remarque comment on se sert d'un serre-joint 69 avec un volant d'actionnement 63 dans un ensemble qui agit comme séparateur, ledit serre-joint pouvant de cette façon s'allonger ou se raccourcir; ces serre-joints 69 servent à fixer le coffrage 66 de tête et d'assemblage de plafond. On se sert également de guides 64 pour faire glisser le coffrage de façade entre la balustrade et le coffrage de tête indiqués, en se servant, comme c'est logique, des étais 65.

  
La pièce 66 (de cette même figure 9) est le coffrage de tête et de fixation du plafond. Devant les planchers 62, susmentionnés, on place des fers plats 61.

  
Comme on peut le constater à la figure 10, aux assemblages de panneau, en façade, on place des joints 70 de fermeture, avec leurs morceaux de fers plats, auxiliaires, 71, qui sont pourvus de vis 2 de fixation; de même, et comme le montre la figure 11, on se sert de vis 72 qu'on introduit dans le béton, au moment de bétonner;  ces vis 72 portent un mécanisme simple pour coulisser, formé par un galet 75 coulissant, et des guides coulissants 74, disposant d'une pièce de fixation 73 du coffrage. 

  
 <EMI ID=4.1> 

  
panneau par l'intermédiaire des guides coulissants (portant ici la référence 80 pour le guide coulissant et 79 pour le panneau) est

  
fixé au moyen de vis 2, d'entretoises P et de fers plats de renfort

  
78. En 76 on voit la pièce d'assemblage des panneaux. 

  
Comme le montrent les figures 13 et 13A, l'ensemble se compose de vis 81 de fixation qu'on introduit dans le béton au moment

  
de bétonner, et qui se placent entre les deux bras d'une pièce à

  
profil en "U" et des appendices 86, servant à l'accouplement de

  
galets coulissants 84; ce même ensemble dispose de guides 85 coulis-  sants et du galet central de glissement 83. La figure 13A est en réalité une coupe de la figure 13 au travers des éléments 81, 82

  
et 86.

  
Le profilé horizontal de la charpente (voir figures 14

  
et 14A), portant la référence 20, est adossé ici à son profilé vertical 88, auquel est accouplé un panneau 87, à l'aide de cornières

  
89 qui ferment le coffrage .

  
Le profilé horizontal 20 cité porte une perforation 90 pour introduire les boulons 91 et 92 de façon que le plus grand et le

  
plus petit d'entre eux soient réunis quand il convient et pour laisser passer une goupille 93. Cet ensemble correspond au panneau d'angles.

  
En ce qui concerne le coffrage de plafond qui est représenté aux figures 15 et 16, on remarque le panneau de coffrage de plafond PA pourvu d'un châssis 94 et d'une pièce de fixation. Cette pièce de fixation 97 est séparée du coffrage PA mais elle est fixée

  
au coffrage par le châssis 94 par les pièces 102 et 103. 

  
Cet ensemble se sert d'une vis 98 pour monter et descendre  comme il convient le coffrage de plafond en question, avec ses gui- 

  
des 99 correspondants; la vis 98 indiquée comporte, près de son  extrémité inférieure, une perforation 101 pour faciliter son action-  nement à l'aide d'un petit levier ou similaire. 

  
 <EMI ID=5.1> 

  
Les pièces 102 et 103 susmentionnées sont formées par une vis chacune et servent à mouvoir les pièces 95 et 96 qui fixent le coffrage du plafond PA; lorsque ces vis tournent dans l'un ou l'autre sens, les coffrages sont posés ou enlevés, suivant ce qui est nécessaire.

  
Comme on peut le voir, la figure 16 présente les mêmes caractéristiques que la figure 15, à la seule exception de la présence de la pièce 105 qui est ici un fenton qui sert à fixer le panneau de plafond .

  
A la figure 17 on voit l'ensemble qui correspond aux diverses parties et coupes qui ont été décrites ci-dessus. Ainsi, les figures 1, 2, 3 et 5 correspondent aix secteurs indiqués à la figure
17 par B, E, D et A. Les détails A-B et E sont des coupes horizontales et les détails D et C sont des coupes verticales.

  
Pour les réalisations de l'invention proprement dites, qu'on voit aux figures 1A à 6A, on se sert de panneaux-moule 02 latéraux, pour la formation de plafonds, qui se composent de la superficie 02 proprement dite, et d'une structure ou charpente 03, cet-te structure disposant d'étais 05 avec des écrous de réglage 06 pour en graduer la hauteur, et disposant de plaques de base 07 pour le soutien dudit panneau moule. Cet ensemble dispose également de crochets 08 pour recueillir le ou les étais au moment de décoffrer, et de boulons 04 pour pouvoir les tourner et les accrocher aux crochets 08 susmentionnés.

  
A un bord de ces panneaux moule 02, on dispose d'un

  
angle 01 avec la figure extérieure qu'on désire, et qui sert de moule décoratif pour les angles entre paroi et plafond dans les chambres, et en même temps de fermeture entre le panneau moule 02

  
et le parement ou la paroi par un joint en caoutchouc 011 ou une matière similaire appropriée. Cette moulure court tout le long du périmètre des chambres et de cette façon, l'angle ou profilé 01,  <EMI ID=6.1> 

  
par son joint 011, forme une fermeture entre le panneau-moule 02 et le parement, pour éviter que les liquides des matériaux de remplissage ne s'écoulent par ces parements.

  
Ce panneau-moule 02 est muni d'une boite 09 qui porte, à l'intérieur, des roulements (non représentés) et qui servent à  placer, retirer et graduer, sans efforts, un contrepoids 017 qui sert à régler le poids de cet ensemble et à le niveler quand on  l'accroche à la grue ou à un autre élément de force motrice, dans la zone-028 de l'ensemble formé par le panneau-moule et son armature; ceci permet de retirer le panneau-moule, le plus horizontalement possible, par les ouvertures des bâtiments, après son utilisation.

  
La moulure 01 susmentionnée est ajustée à l'aide de vis
015 ou par tout autre moyen similaire approprié.

  
La superficie supérieure 013 du panneau-moule 02 porte des ouvertures rainurées 012 qui servent à recevoir des boulons 014 de la moulure 01, de telle sorte que, lorsqu'on serre les vis correspondantes 015, le mouvement d'ajustement nécessaire puisse se faire, comme on le voit sur le détail de la figure 1C. Ces boulons
014 auront un filet ou une rainure pour écrous ou clavettes d'ajustement .

  
Ces panneaux-moule 02 portent à leurs bords des perforations 024 qui servent à les assembler et l'on obtient ainsi le panneau-moule complet, aux dimensions des pièces qu'on désire construire .

  
 <EMI ID=7.1>  du moule préparé pour son remplissage, par rapport à l'ensemble du coffrage intérieur. L'assemblage B des pièces qui composent l'ensemble du moule peut être répété autant de fois qu'on le désire:  étant entendu que ce qu'on désire dans ce cas, c'est former un moule à l'aide de panneaux portant la référence E5 à la figure SA; on se sert d'extracteurs 1-5 et J-5, de bras-guides N5, etc. Pour réduire la taille de l'ensemble du moule pour le retirer après avoir  <EMI ID=8.1> 

  
laisse les divisions du bâtiment qu'on est occupé à construire. La diminution du périmètre du moule peut se faire par des assemblages

  
 <EMI ID=9.1> 

  
détail qui ne fait pas directement partie de l'invention. La formation des sections de périmètre de l'ensemble, avec des panneaux pour composer le moule variera en ce qui concerne les matériaux, les formes et les dimensions, suivant les exigences de la construction. Par exemple, aux figures 3A, 3B, 3C et 3D on montre des façons d'accoupler les panneaux, soit par des ailettes qui surmontent une face
(voir figures 3A et 3B, référence G), soit par des chanfreins aux bords (voir figures 3C et 3D, référence H) .

  
Ces moules pourront être couverts, éventuellement, par une couverture de n'importe quel type si on les utilise par mauvais temps.

  
Ces moules peuvent être rapetissés ou agrandis dans leur ensemble et ainsi un même moule peut être modifié pour toutes les mesures qu'on désire, ce qu'on obtient par un panneau supplémentaire C (figure 2D) qu'on fixe au panneau central formé par les moules. Pour varier les dimensions de l'ensemble, il suffit de corriger le panneau supplémentaire en question.

  
Il en va de même pour la structure du panneau central du moule, puisqu'il suffira de réduire le bâti B (figure 2A) à la mesure désirée, comme on le voit aux exemples des figures 2A et 2B.

  
Les bâtiments construits avec ce système de panneaux et

  
de moules peuvent être fabriqués en toute espèce de matériaux existants, suivant les exigences de'la partie technique de chaque bâtiment. Le vibrage des matériaux de remplissage peut se faire par un système extérieur ou par tout autre système, suivant ce qui convient dans chaque cas; et pour accélérer la prise des matériaux, on peut utiliser tout moyen adéquat ou tout moyen de chauffage, puisque cela ne modifie pas l'application de l'invention. 

  
En ce qui concerne l'assemblage des panneaux et des moules, on en donne un exemple à la figure 3E. On peut voir ici les éléments qui composent ce moyen d'assemblage et qui consistent en fers plats A qui, sur certaines faces, sont munis de boulons et comportent au centre une perforation pour laisser passer une tige V, disposant d'écrous D pour sa fixation et pour régler l'assemblage des panneaux et des moules, des trous ou perforations aveugles F étant prévus dans les panneaux C, pour recevoir ces boulons E des fers plats OA. La tige filetée traversera un tube B qu'on place entre deux panneaux C de telle sorte que, en saillie par rapport à chacune de leurs faces extérieures, on fixe cet ensemble avec les écrous D et on l'arme.

  
La figure 3F montre l'assemblage vertical de panneaux et de moules comportant les mêmes éléments que ceux qu'on vient de décrire .

  
On remplit les tubes D d'une matière molle pour pouvoir actionner facilement la tige filetée V et éviter le frottement quand elle passe d'un côté à l'autre; on répétera cet ensemble autant de fois que ce sera nécessaire pour l'assemblage des panneaux et des moules, en les laissant prêts au remplissage.

  
La figure 5A montre un détail de la charpente horizontale qui, dans cette réalisation, est pourvue de pièces spéciales (figure 4B) pour la fixation des matériaux qui décorent les parements du bâtiment; cette charpente est pourvue d'échafaudages à cabine (non représentés car ils sont courants).

  
Les pièces mentionnées (figure 4B) pour la fixation des matériaux qui décorent les parements, sont formées par des vis (A4), avec des fers plats-écrous (EA) qui sont pourvus de crochets pour accrocher le matériau de décoration des parements et qui portent

  
la référence G sur cette figure.

  
On se sert de moules (figure 4C) pour former des blocs,  <EMI ID=10.1> 

  
comme on peut le voir sur cette figure, à sa seconde position; au bas il y a du mortier, auquel est adossé un matériau décoratif; ces blocs peuvent être fabriqués en n'importe quel matériau et en n'importe quelle taille adéquate.

  
Dans la charpente horizontale des parties extérieures
(figure 4A) on place des joints J en caoutchouc ou en un matériau similaire, qui servent à éviter que les liquides et les matériaux de remplissage des murs puissent s'écouler dans le parement ou la paroi déjà fabriqués et terminés au cours de la phase précédente.

  
Ces pièces sont également pourvues de trous H4 pour fixer le panneau ou le coffrage au mur ou au parement fabriqué précédemment. Pour l'ajustement de ces trous, on utilise des vis ou des goupilles, ajustant ainsi l'ensemble de panneau ou de parement.

  
Sur les panneaux de façade, pour leur élévation ou leur glissement, on peut utiliser toute espèce de force motrice et tout mécanisme approprié, sans restriction. Ces éléments pour lever le mur s'appuient sur la phase déjà réalisée.

  
Pour obtenir une verticalité parfaite du mu:-, on emploie le mécanisme de la figure 4D. Au parement déjà construit 4, on accouple le panneau B4 de façade et, en travers.de ces moules; à l'intérieur de ceux-ci, on place des pièces destinées à régler l'aplomb des moules C4, qui sont formées par la même pièce d'angle à laquelle on applique un écrou D4 fileté dans la partie intérieure pour régler la verticalité du panneau.

  
La figure 5A montre, avec les autres figures dans lesquelles apparaît le chiffre 5, des détails de l'ensemble du coffrage intérieur. On dispose des panneaux ES qui forment le périmètre du moule et, pour les actionner, on se sert d'un mécanisme formé par un volant F5 monté dans une tige filetée G5 qu'on introduit dans un corps cylindrique, qui est une boîte de roulements et J'engrenages J5; on se sert d'une autre boîte de roulements et d'engrenages  <EMI ID=11.1> 

  
et d'engrenages, et sur la tige filetée susmentionnée, on place des bras N qui servent de guide au panneau pour l'accoupler et le désaccoupler du moule; ces bras sont formés par deux pièces dont l'une a un pas à droite et l'autre un pas à gauche et qui sont assemblées par un écrou tubulaire fileté à l'intérieur en sens opposés de façon que, lorsqu'on actionne ce dispositif, on puisse laisser le panneau à la distance désirée.

  
L'appui C5 porte, à l'intérieur et à son extrémité d'appui, une tige filetée pour corriger la hauteur et les niveaux de la structure au moyen d'une poignée située à la partie inférieure Q5 et une plaque d'appui M5, pour servir d'appui à ladite tige filetée H5. Le mur porte la référence 0-5.

  
On place dans la boîte J5 un roulement plat P5 qui a pour but d'éviter les frottements brusques lors' de la manipulation du volant de l'appareil F5; cet ensemble est un extracteur pour accoupler et désaccoupler les panneaux, et il peut être manoeuvré par toute espèce de moyen moteur approprié, sans restr iction.

  
A la figure 5C on représente plus en détail une des pièces

  
 <EMI ID=12.1> 

  
N5 avec la tige filetée, la moitié à droite et la moitié à gauche, et le noyau d'écrou tubulaire fileté en sens opposés, dont question plus haut. Comme on peut le voir dans le détail de cette figure, chaque extrémité libre de la tige filetée en question porte une perforation X-Y pour placerjles boulons d'actionnement entre le panneau E5 et la structure C5, comme on le voit à la figure 5A.

  
On se sert d'une pièce d'ajustement au sol, qui est représentée schématiquement à la figure 5B et qui se compose de la pièce d'ajustement proprement dite AX, dont la partie inférieure est en une matière relativement molle et souple, et qui est pourvue

  
de vis pour régler les légères différences de niveau ou les imperfections du sol; on la place sous le panneau ou le moule, objet

  
de l'invention, E5, et l'on se sert d'un élément tendeur CX, par  <EMI ID=13.1> 

  
exemple une vis avec son écrou correspondant FX et un ressort pour

  
le tendeur CX susmentionné.

  
Pour fabriquer les pièces de couverture, on utilise le

  
même dispositif que pour les coffrages de séparation, dont des

  
schémas sont représentés à titre de simples exemples, à la figure

  
6A réf. B-B.

  
Il doit être entendu que la présente invention n'est en

  
aucune façon limitée aux formes de réalisation décrites ci-dessus

  
et que bien des modifications peuvent y être apportées sans sortir

  
du cadre du présent brevet.

REVENDICATIONS

  
1. Coffrage mécanique pour la construction rapide de bâtiments, à utiliser de préférence à pied d'oeuvre, caractérisé

  
en ce que, pour les coffrages de l'intérieur, le panneau de coffrage est fixé par des vis de fixation au profilé d'armature de panneau vertical, et par des vis, il est accouplé à une cornière d'assemblage de panneaux, au moyen d'un fer plat pour la fermeture

  
du joint vertical qui aura été formé.



  "Mechanical formwork for the rapid construction of buildings.

  
The present invention relates to mechanical formwork for the rapid construction of buildings in general, to be used

  
preferably on the job.

  
The object of the present invention offers many advantages, in addition to the considerable reduction in manpower which it represents. In general, it offers the following non-limiting advantages:
a) These forms allow the perimeter walls and partition walls to be built as a whole, leaving, in the places provided for the windows and doors, a temporary frame where the def initial frame will be placed. b) It is possible, if desired, to place all kinds of installations while the filling is being carried out, since they are embedded in the work; they can also be placed afterwards since, in this case, a slot is made, which is made using a mold that is coupled to the panel at the desired location.

   The panels are provided with male elements for fixing plumbing, electrical, heating, etc. installations. c) The ceiling is then formworked to obtain the finished floor for the exterior walls, partition walls and ceilings, everything being absolutely finished.

  
These forms can have all kinds of desirable dimensions, changes and placement methods required, in each case, by the building to be constructed. Formwork can be made of any kind of suitable material.

  
d) With these forms, buildings can be constructed with any kind of material available on the market and according to the technical and optional requirements of each building. e) The sliding panels for the construction of facades slide in the upward direction, but these formworks, according to the invention, slide detached from the facing, leaving the imprint of a device which is leaned against them, to decorate the facades, according to the measurements required by the protrusions and their characteristics.

  
To better understand the present invention, reference will be made to the accompanying drawings which show an exemplary embodiment, without limitation, of the subject of the invention. On these drawings:

  
Figures 1, 2, 3 and 5 show details of the assembly of an interior formwork according to the invention, which can be seen in its entirety in Figure 17.

  
Figures 4 and 14 also show details of the assembly of the same interior formwork.

  
Figures 15 and 16 show the ceiling formwork

  
in its two positions, longitudinal and transverse.

  
Figures 6, 7 and 8 show the formwork of the facade.

  
Figure 9 corresponds to the formwork of terraces and overhangs.

  
Figures 10, 11 and 13 show the mechanisms for closing and sliding.

  
Figure 17 is a general view of the entire interior formwork.

  
Figures 1A to 1D show the mold panels for forming ceilings, according to the invention.

  
Figures 2A to 2D show, schematically, the assemblies of the perimeter of the mold, already prepared for its filling.

  
Figures 3A to 3F show the various panel and mold assemblies, and bolts for securing the panels and molds.

  
Figures 4A to 4D show details of the fastening means, molds, construction details and the apparatus for obtaining a perfect verticality of the panels.

  
Figures 5A to 5C show details of the assembly

  
of the interior formwork.

  
Figure 6A shows sections and purely construction details.

  
It is understood that all these drawings are of a purely schematic character.

  
According to the invention relating to these drawings, the shuttering panel 1 is fixed by a screw 2 for fixing to the frame section 6 of the vertical panel; and by a screw 5 it is coupled to the angle 3 for assembling the panels, by means of a flat iron 4 to close the vertical joint. We also have profiles in <EMI ID = 1.1>

  
"U" 9 assembled by connecting tubes 8 which receive the frame section 10 of the horizontal panel; said "U" profiles are assembled and fixed by fixing screws 11 as seen in Figure 1.

  
In Figure 2 we show the shuttering panel 1 which is crossed by a fixing screw 2, up to the vertical frame section 13, and fixes the frame section of the horizontal panel 14.

  
As can be seen in FIG. 3, the shuttering panel 1 is also placed which, at one of its ends, rests against the fenton 15 of the vertical uprights, to form angles; said shuttering panel is coupled by fixing screws 2 to a vertical assembly profile 18 to which also the other panel which is crossed, for this purpose, by another fixing screw 2; another fixing screw 17 is coupled so as to constitute the bisector of the angle formed by the two aforementioned panels, and it also crosses diagonally the vertical assembly profile 18; spacers 16 and an adjustment spacer 19 are placed at the end of the aforementioned strut 17, thus anchoring the horizontal frame section 20.

  
There is also a central fixing frame
26 which serves to fix the panels at the time of formwork and stripping, and which is the center of the mechanical formwork structure
(see figure 5). There is a vertical frame section 21 and its horizontal sections 14; the vertical frame section 21 carries the panel 1, which is leaned against it. In the central fixing structure are coupled horizontal profiles 14 to reinforce the aforementioned assembly. To fix the formwork and remove the formwork, screws 2 provided with an actuating handwheel 29 are used, as well as a key 28, by placing at the opposite end a bolt 37 to rotate this screw. Hooks 38 are also placed to fix these screws 2 when mounting them.

  
 <EMI ID = 2.1>

  
To get on and off properly, we have

  
on the whole of the central fixing structure 26, at its lower part, a handle 30 for actuating a vertical screw

  
of. up and down 36 which, at its lower end, rests against a base plate 31; Similarly, at the lower part of the frame, there is a mechanism consisting of a guide 32 on which fits a wheel 33 mounted on a fastening piece 39, also having a guide 34 for the placement of the panels armed. There is an assembly part B between these last two sets described.

  
As can be seen in figure 4, the vertical profiles

  
frame panels 21 are backed by a trim of flat bars 22, having an assembly tube and fixing screws

  
23 for the horizontal profiles of the panel frame.

  
In the structure of the building, and as shown in Figure 6, there is an assembly formed by sliding guides 40,

  
 <EMI ID = 3.1>

  
rollers 44 for sliding. The guides 40 are provided with fasteners 45 with spacer and strut 46, and 2-fixing screws. The floor formwork bears the reference 49 '.

  
To be able to put the panel upright, we use a screw to turn which bears the reference 50 in this same figure 6.

  
In Figure 7, we see the aforementioned sliding guides 40, as well as the vertical profile 21 of the frame; sliding rollers 52 are placed on the wall 55 of the building, taking care to also use parts 55 provided with a wheel to facilitate the movement of said guides 40, while using another similar device 55A. In this figure, the floors bear the reference 54.

  
1 With regard to Figure 8, we see the profile 25 of the horizontal frame, and we show the parts 55 which are rollers or wheels sliding on guides 56 which are fixed between them by hoops 57; thus, the whole 25 of the horizontal frame can slide on the guides in question.

  
As shown in Figure 9, we see the wall 68 of the building, and the balustrade 60 of a terrace; we also notice how the corresponding floors 62 and the formwork of the ceiling 61A are arranged. At the front is the shuttering panel 59, and the corresponding sliding guides 58 and the sliding rollers
67, as well as the wheels 55, which facilitate the sliding of the panel
58 and guides, out of 61.

  
In this same figure, one notices how a clamp 69 is used with an actuating wheel 63 in an assembly which acts as a separator, said clamp being able in this way to lengthen or be shortened; these clamps 69 are used to fix the formwork 66 head and ceiling assembly. Guides 64 are also used to slide the facade formwork between the balustrade and the head formwork indicated, using, as is logical, the props 65.

  
Part 66 (of the same figure 9) is the head and ceiling fixing formwork. In front of the floors 62, mentioned above, flat irons 61 are placed.

  
As can be seen in FIG. 10, at the panel assemblies, on the front, closing gaskets 70 are placed, with their pieces of auxiliary flat irons, 71, which are provided with fixing screws 2; Likewise, and as shown in FIG. 11, screw 72 is used which is introduced into the concrete, when concreting; these screws 72 carry a simple mechanism for sliding, formed by a sliding roller 75, and sliding guides 74, having a fastening part 73 of the formwork.

  
 <EMI ID = 4.1>

  
panel via the sliding guides (here bearing the reference 80 for the sliding guide and 79 for the panel) is

  
fixed by means of screws 2, spacers P and reinforcing flat bars

  
78. In 76 we see the assembly part of the panels.

  
As shown in Figures 13 and 13A, the assembly consists of fixing screws 81 which are introduced into the concrete at the time

  
concrete, and which are placed between the two arms from one room to

  
U-shaped profile and appendages 86, used for coupling

  
sliding rollers 84; this same assembly has sliding guides 85 and the central sliding roller 83. FIG. 13A is in reality a section of FIG. 13 through the elements 81, 82

  
and 86.

  
The horizontal profile of the frame (see figures 14

  
and 14A), bearing the reference 20, is here leaned against its vertical profile 88, to which a panel 87 is coupled, using angles

  
89 which close the formwork.

  
The mentioned horizontal profile 20 has a perforation 90 to introduce the bolts 91 and 92 so that the larger and the

  
smaller of them are assembled when appropriate and to allow a pin 93 to pass. This assembly corresponds to the corner panel.

  
With regard to the ceiling formwork which is shown in Figures 15 and 16, note the ceiling formwork panel PA provided with a frame 94 and a fastening part. This fixing part 97 is separated from the PA formwork but it is fixed

  
to the formwork by the frame 94 by the parts 102 and 103.

  
This assembly uses a screw 98 to properly raise and lower the ceiling formwork in question, with its guides.

  
99 correspondents; the indicated screw 98 has, near its lower end, a perforation 101 to facilitate its actuation by means of a small lever or the like.

  
 <EMI ID = 5.1>

  
The aforementioned parts 102 and 103 are each formed by a screw and serve to move the parts 95 and 96 which fix the formwork of the ceiling PA; when these screws turn in either direction, the forms are fitted or removed, as necessary.

  
As can be seen, figure 16 has the same characteristics as figure 15, with the sole exception of the presence of part 105 which is here a fenton which serves to fix the ceiling panel.

  
In Figure 17 we see the assembly which corresponds to the various parts and sections which have been described above. Thus, figures 1, 2, 3 and 5 correspond to the sectors indicated in figure
17 by B, E, D and A. Details A-B and E are horizontal sections and details D and C are vertical sections.

  
For the actual embodiments of the invention, which can be seen in FIGS. 1A to 6A, side mold panels 02 are used, for the formation of ceilings, which consist of the surface 02 proper, and a structure or frame 03, this structure having props 05 with adjusting nuts 06 for graduating the height, and having base plates 07 for supporting said mold panel. This assembly also has hooks 08 to collect the prop (s) when stripping, and bolts 04 to be able to turn them and hang them on the above-mentioned hooks 08.

  
At one edge of these mold panels 02, there is a

  
angle 01 with the desired exterior figure, and which serves as a decorative mold for the angles between wall and ceiling in the rooms, and at the same time as a closure between the mold panel 02

  
and the facing or the wall by a rubber gasket 011 or similar suitable material. This molding runs all along the perimeter of the chambers and in this way, the angle or profile 01, <EMI ID = 6.1>

  
by its seal 011, forms a closure between the mold panel 02 and the facing, to prevent the liquids from the filling materials from flowing through these facings.

  
This panel-mold 02 is provided with a box 09 which carries, inside, bearings (not shown) and which are used to place, remove and scale, without effort, a counterweight 017 which is used to adjust the weight of this together and to level it when it is hooked to the crane or to another element of motive power, in zone-028 of the assembly formed by the panel-mold and its frame; this makes it possible to remove the panel-mold, as horizontally as possible, through the openings of buildings, after its use.

  
The above-mentioned molding 01 is adjusted with screws
015 or by any other suitable similar means.

  
The upper surface 013 of the panel-mold 02 has grooved openings 012 which serve to receive bolts 014 of the molding 01, so that, when tightening the corresponding screws 015, the necessary adjustment movement can be made, as seen in the detail of Figure 1C. These bolts
014 will have a thread or a groove for nuts or adjustment keys.

  
These panel-molds 02 carry at their edges perforations 024 which are used to assemble them and thus the complete panel-mold is obtained, to the dimensions of the parts which one wishes to build.

  
 <EMI ID = 7.1> of the mold prepared for its filling, in relation to the entire interior formwork. The assembly B of the parts that make up the entire mold can be repeated as many times as desired: it being understood that what is desired in this case is to form a mold using panels bearing the reference E5 in FIG. SA; extractors 1-5 and J-5, guide arms N5, etc. are used. To reduce the size of the whole mold to remove it after getting <EMI ID = 8.1>

  
leave the divisions of the building we are busy constructing. The reduction of the perimeter of the mold can be done by assemblies

  
 <EMI ID = 9.1>

  
detail which is not directly part of the invention. The formation of the perimeter sections of the assembly, with panels to compose the mold will vary in materials, shapes and dimensions, depending on the requirements of the construction. For example, in Figures 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D we show ways of coupling the panels, either by fins which surmount a face
(see Figures 3A and 3B, reference G), or by chamfers at the edges (see Figures 3C and 3D, reference H).

  
These molds can be covered, if necessary, by a blanket of any type if they are used in bad weather.

  
These molds can be made smaller or larger as a whole and thus the same mold can be modified for all the desired measurements, which is obtained by an additional panel C (figure 2D) which is fixed to the central panel formed by molds. To vary the dimensions of the assembly, it suffices to correct the additional panel in question.

  
The same applies to the structure of the central panel of the mold, since it will suffice to reduce the frame B (FIG. 2A) to the desired extent, as can be seen in the examples of FIGS. 2A and 2B.

  
Buildings constructed with this panel system and

  
molds can be made from all kinds of existing materials, according to the requirements of the technical part of each building. Vibration of the filling materials can be done by an external system or by any other system, depending on what is appropriate in each case; and to accelerate the setting of the materials, any suitable means or any heating means can be used, since this does not modify the application of the invention.

  
As regards the assembly of the panels and the molds, an example is given in FIG. 3E. We can see here the elements that make up this assembly means and which consist of flat irons A which, on some faces, are provided with bolts and have in the center a perforation to allow a rod V to pass, having nuts D for its fixing and to adjust the assembly of the panels and the molds, blind holes or perforations F being provided in the panels C, to receive these bolts E of the flat bars OA. The threaded rod will pass through a tube B which is placed between two panels C so that, projecting relative to each of their external faces, this assembly is fixed with the nuts D and it is cocked.

  
FIG. 3F shows the vertical assembly of panels and molds comprising the same elements as those which have just been described.

  
The tubes D are filled with a soft material in order to be able to easily actuate the threaded rod V and to avoid friction when it passes from one side to the other; this set will be repeated as many times as is necessary for the assembly of the panels and the molds, leaving them ready for filling.

  
FIG. 5A shows a detail of the horizontal frame which, in this embodiment, is provided with special parts (FIG. 4B) for fixing the materials which decorate the facings of the building; this frame is provided with cabin scaffolding (not shown because they are common).

  
The parts mentioned (figure 4B) for fixing the materials that decorate the facings, are formed by screws (A4), with flat irons-nuts (EA) which are provided with hooks to hang the decorative material of the facings and which carry

  
the reference G in this figure.

  
Molds (figure 4C) are used to form blocks, <EMI ID = 10.1>

  
as can be seen in this figure, in its second position; at the bottom there is mortar, to which is leaned a decorative material; these blocks can be made of any material and any suitable size.

  
In the horizontal frame of the exterior parts
(figure 4A) J gaskets made of rubber or a similar material are placed, which serve to prevent liquids and wall fillers from flowing into the facing or wall already fabricated and finished during the phase former.

  
These parts are also provided with H4 holes to fix the panel or the formwork to the wall or to the previously manufactured facing. To adjust these holes, screws or pins are used, thereby adjusting the panel or siding assembly.

  
On the facade panels, for their elevation or their sliding, one can use any kind of motive force and any suitable mechanism, without restriction. These elements to raise the wall are based on the phase already carried out.

  
To obtain a perfect verticality of the mu: -, we use the mechanism of figure 4D. The facing 4 already built, is coupled the panel B4 facade and, travers.de these molds; inside these, pieces are placed intended to adjust the plumbness of the molds C4, which are formed by the same corner piece to which a threaded D4 nut is applied in the interior part to adjust the verticality of the sign.

  
FIG. 5A shows, together with the other figures in which the number 5 appears, details of the entire interior formwork. We have ES panels which form the perimeter of the mold and, to actuate them, we use a mechanism formed by a handwheel F5 mounted in a threaded rod G5 which is introduced into a cylindrical body, which is a bearing box and I J5 gears; another bearing and gearbox is used <EMI ID = 11.1>

  
and gears, and on the aforementioned threaded rod, N arms are placed which serve as a guide for the panel in order to couple and disconnect it from the mold; these arms are formed by two parts, one of which has a pitch to the right and the other a pitch to the left and which are assembled by a tubular nut threaded inside in opposite directions so that, when this device is actuated , we can leave the panel at the desired distance.

  
Support C5 carries, inside and at its support end, a threaded rod to correct the height and levels of the structure by means of a handle located at the lower part Q5 and a support plate M5 , to serve as a support for said threaded rod H5. The wall bears the reference 0-5.

  
A flat bearing P5 is placed in the box J5, the purpose of which is to avoid sudden friction when handling the flywheel of the device F5; this assembly is an extractor for coupling and uncoupling the panels, and it can be operated by any kind of suitable motor means, without restriction.

  
In Figure 5C is shown in more detail one of the parts

  
 <EMI ID = 12.1>

  
N5 with the threaded rod, half on the right and half on the left, and the tubular nut core threaded in opposite directions, as discussed above. As can be seen in the detail of this figure, each free end of the threaded rod in question carries an X-Y perforation to place the actuating bolts between the panel E5 and the structure C5, as seen in figure 5A.

  
A ground adjustment piece is used, which is shown schematically in FIG. 5B and which consists of the actual adjustment piece AX, the lower part of which is made of a relatively soft and flexible material, and which is provided

  
screws to adjust slight differences in level or imperfections in the floor; it is placed under the panel or the mold, object

  
of the invention, E5, and a tensioning element CX is used, by <EMI ID = 13.1>

  
example a screw with its corresponding nut FX and a spring for

  
the aforementioned CX tensioner.

  
To make the roofing pieces, we use the

  
same device as for separation forms, including

  
diagrams are shown by way of simple examples, in figure

  
6A ref. B-B.

  
It should be understood that the present invention is not in

  
in no way limited to the embodiments described above

  
and that many modifications can be made without leaving

  
within the scope of this patent.

CLAIMS

  
1. Mechanical formwork for the rapid construction of buildings, to be used preferably on the job, characterized

  
in that, for interior shuttering, the shuttering panel is fixed by fixing screws to the vertical panel frame profile, and by screws it is coupled to a panel assembly angle, to the means of a flat iron for closing

  
vertical joint that will have been formed.

Claims

2. Formwork according to claim 1, characterized in

what this set has "U" profiles that are assembled

by an assembly tube, accommodating the frame profile of the horizontal panel, these profiles being assembled and fixed by

screw.

3. Formwork according to one or the other of the claims

1 and 2, characterized in that, in the shuttering panel, there are provided fixing screws which pass through the vertical frame profile and fix together the frame profile of the horizontal panel.

4. Formwork according to any one of claims

1 to 3, characterized in that the aforesaid shuttering panel rests at one of its ends against a vertical fenton, in order to form the angles, said shuttering panel being coupled by screws to a vertical assembly profile, to which Another panel is also coupled, another fixing screw passing through it for this purpose.

5. Formwork according to claim 4, characterized in that a fixing, which is coupled so as to constitute the bisector of the angle formed by the aforementioned panels, passes through the vertical assembly profile, using spacers, an adjustment spacer at the end of the latter strut thus anchoring the horizontal frame section.

6. Formwork according to any one of claims <1> to S, characterized in that a central fixing reinforcement is used to fix the panels at the time of the formwork or the de- <EMI ID = 14.1>

fuck.

.7. Formwork according to Claim 6, characterized in that it comprises a vertical section, for the frame, and horizontal sections, also for the frame, and in that the panel is backed against this vertical section.

8. Formwork according to one or the other of the claims

6 and 7, characterized in that, to the central fixing structure, are coupled horizontal profiles to reinforce the assembly, in that, for its fixing when proceeding with the shuttering and stripping, screws are provided with 'an actuating handwheel, as well as a key, and in that, at the opposite end, is arranged a bolt, to turn this screw, hooks also being provided to fix these screws when making them ascend. 9. Formwork according to any one of claims

6 to 8, characterized in that, in order to be able to raise and lower at will the central fixing structure, there is provided, at the lower part, an actuating handle for controlling a vertical raising and lowering screw which, at its end lower,

is coupled to a support plate, and in that, at the lower part of the frame, is arranged a mechanism consisting of guides in which is housed a wheel mounted on, a fastening part thereof, a guide being provided for the placement of the reinforced panels, and an assembly part being arranged between this guide and the other guide in which the aforementioned wheel is housed.

10. Formwork according to any one of claims

1 to 9, characterized in that the vertical panels of the frame

panels are coupled or backed up to a flat iron trim,

using an assembly tube and fixing screws for the horizontal profiles of the panel reinforcement.

11. Formwork according to any one of claims

1 to 10, characterized in that, for the facade formwork, there is provided in the building structure an assembly consisting of sliding guides, the profile of the frame (vertical), and a wooden formwork, sliding rollers allowing the upward movement of the section of the vertical frame on the sliding guides, passing from a lower floor to an upper floor, successively, once the first or the previous one, finished.

12. Formwork according to claim 11, characterized in

what it includes guides provided with fasteners, with spacer, and spider, and fastening screws.

13. Formwork according to claim 11, characterized in that a rotation bolt is provided to be able to put the panel plumb. v

14. Formwork according to any one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that it is capable of sliding up and down the facade, while remaining suitably detached or separated from the latter, this formwork carrying a device for leaving an impression on the facade , for the decoration of this one, according to the projections available.

15. Formwork according to any one of claims

rasses and overhangs (balconies, galleries, etc.) placed in front of the shuttering panel and the corresponding sliding guides and the sliding wheels or rollers, provided for the ascent

and the descent of the frame as a whole, on the aforementioned guides, and in the direction of the height of the facade.

16. Formwork according to claim 15, characterized

in that this mechanism comprises a clamping member, with an expansion or retraction handwheel which, when actuated, serves to produce the expansion or withdrawal of this mechanism, and serves to fix the head formwork and assembly of the ceiling, the assembly having guides for sliding the facade formwork between the balustrade and the head, and placing the corresponding props for this purpose.

17. Formwork according to one or the other of the claims 15 and 16, characterized in that flat bars are fixed to the head and ceiling fixing formwork.

18. Formwork according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that, in the panel assemblies, on the front, closing joints and fixing screws are placed.

19. Formwork according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that special screws are introduced into the concrete at the time of concreting, these special screws carrying a sliding mechanism, consisting of a sliding screw. sliding guides and a piece for fixing to the formwork.

20. Formwork according to claim 19, characterized in

sliding, is fixed by screws, spacers and reinforcing flat bars.

21. Formwork according to one or the other of the claims 19 and 20, characterized in that this assembly comprises fixing screws which are introduced into the concrete at the time of concreting, which are located between a part made up of two arms and which serves to couple the sliding rollers, also having other sliding guides, and a central sliding roller.

22. Formwork according to claim 10, characterized in that the horizontal profile of the frame is backed by the vertical profile thereof, to which the panel is coupled, by means of

zontal has a perforation which serves for the introduction of bolts, so that, when introduced, they remain assembled, for their transport, a pin being provided for these perforated bolts and this assembly corresponding to the corner panel.

23. Formwork according to any one of claims

1 to 22, characterized in that, with respect to the ceiling formwork, the panel thereof is provided with a frame and a part for fixing the frame to the panel, a screw being provided for moving up and down, depending on requirements, said ceiling formwork, with corresponding guides for this purpose, this screw, near its lower end, comprising a perforation to facilitate actuation.

24. Formwork according to claim 23, characterized in that this assembly is provided with a slot fixed to the facing or to the wall by means of screws. 25. Formwork according to one or the other of the claims 23 and 24, characterized in that this assembly has screws suitable for moving fixing parts, so that by rotating these screws in one or the other direction, these parts proceed to formwork or to stripping, as needed.

26. Formwork according to claim 25, characterized

in that slots are provided for securing the ceiling panel.

27. Formwork according to any one of the claims

1 to 26, characterized in that for the formation of the ceilings of the rooms of the building are provided side mold panels which

have a greater surface area and a structure or frame which comprises several props, with adjustment devices for graduating the height that the assembly must have, bearing plates being provided at its lower ends for the required support of this panel- mold, and in that, in this structure, strong hooks are provided to receive the props when proceeding

to form stripping. and bolts to turn and hang them

and be able to hang said hooks when necessary.

28. Formwork according to claim 27, characterized

in that one or more edges of this panel-mold has pieces forming an angle with the desired outer profile, so as to serve as a mold to obtain decorative moldings in the assembly angles between the walls and ceilings of rooms.

29. Formwork according to claim 28, characterized in that, on the side of these angled pieces, is placed a rubber gasket or a similar material, which fits between the mold panel and the facing, to prevent liquids from filling materials do not flow through these facings.

30. Formwork according to any one of the claims 27 to 29, characterized in that this panel-mold has a box on one of its sides, at least, which, inside, comprises bearings, and which serve to introduce, withdraw and graduate, without <EMI ID = 18.1>

force, a counterweight part, sliding inside said box, when the assembly hooks onto a crane to extract this mold assembly and its structure, in order to remove it outside the building, once 'he accomplished his mission, through the openings (windows, balconies, etc.) of the said building, in the most horizontal position possible.

31. Formwork according to claim 28, characterized

in that the angle of the aforementioned ceiling molding is adapted to the panel-mold by screws, and in that for this purpose it is provided with grooved perforations which serve to receive lugs or bolts with which is provided the molding part, in such a way that, by tightening its fixing screws, a certain sliding movement is possible, which facilitates the adjustment of the assembly of these parts.

32. Formwork according to claim 31, characterized

in that these lugs or bolts have threads or grooves

for keys, to obtain their best fit.

33. Formwork according to claim 27, characterized

in that the mold panels, at their lateral edges, are provided with perforations which serve to assemble them together by any assembly means (for example, with screws and nuts) in order to obtain by this assembly of the various panel molds, a total panel mold, to the measurements necessary for the parts to be built.

34. Formwork according to any one of the claims 27 to 33, characterized in that, with respect to the mold which corresponds to the whole of the interior formwork of the construction, the parts which make up the whole of this mold can be reproduced as many times as necessary, some s 'leaning against the side of the others as often as necessary, in order to form a general mold, of the necessary dimensions in each case, mold assembly <EMI ID = 19.1>

decreasing when extracted after filling the facings, leaving between two molds the spaces corresponding to the divisions of the interior of the building.

35. Formwork according to claim 34, characterized in that the reduction in the perimeter of said mold assembly is effected by rotating assemblies between panels, in order to be able to fold it up.

36. Formwork according to any one of the claims 27 to 35, characterized in that the coupling of the panels, one after the other, is effected by placing on the side of each of them, a fin, which will surmount the rear face of the edge of the adjacent mold.

37. Formwork according to claim 36, characterized in that the coupling of the panels, one after the other, is effected by making their side edges coincide, which are formed by an oblique profile.

Characterized in that, to reduce or increase the set of molds, an additional panel is used which is fixed to the central panel, and to modify the dimensions of the assembly, it will suffice to replace said additional panel.

39. Formwork according to any one of the claims 27 to 38, characterized in that, with respect to the assembly of panels and molds, there are assembly elements consisting of flat bars which, on one of their faces, carry lugs or bolts, between which there is a passing perforation, to allow a threaded rod to pass, nuts being provided for the fixing thereof, and thus adjust the assembly between the panels and the molds, blind holes or perforations being arranged on these panels for receiving the lugs of said flat irons. 40. Formwork according to claim 39, characterized in that said threaded rod passes through a tube placed between a mold panel and another mold panel located in parallel, from

nuts at each of its ends, these tubes being filled with a soft material in order to be able to easily actuate the threaded rod which passes through it and to avoid friction when passing from one side to the other, this assembly being reproduced as many times as it is necessary for the assembly of panels and molds, for the filling which must form the partitions or the walls.

41. Formwork according to any one of the claims

27 to 40, characterized in that there is a horizontal frame, for the exterior parts, which is provided with special parts for fixing the materials which are to decorate the facings, these parts being formed by screws with irons flat-nuts, which are provided with hooks for hanging the decorative material of the facings.

42. Formwork according to any one of claims

1 to 41, characterized in that molds are used for the configuration of blocks which, at their lower part, comprise mortar, which, at its upper face, is backed against the decorative material.

43. Formwork according to claim 42, characterized

in that, in the frame of the exterior parts, gaskets of rubber or similar material are placed, which serve to prevent liquids and wall fillers from flowing through the facing already manufactured and finished at the previous phase of execution.

44. Formwork according to any one of the claims

40 to 43, characterized in that these parts are provided with holes to adapt the shuttering panel to the facing executed in the previous phase and in that, for the adjustment of these holes, screws or pins are provided which couple the entire panel to the facing.

45. Formwork according to any one of the claims 40 to 44, characterized in that the facade panels slide on it, employing for this any kind of suitable motive force, and in that the lifting members, to raise the panel or the formwork beyond a phase of obtaining a zone, rely on the facing or the lathing executed previously, and so on.

46. Formwork according to any one of the claims

1 to 45, characterized in that, to obtain the improvement in

the verticality of the panels, plumb adjustment parts are used, made up of a corner piece to which a threaded nut is applied which is used in the molds.

47. Formwork according to any one of the claims

1 to 46, characterized in that, for the actuation of the panels

which form the perimeter of the mold, a mechanism is used which consists of a handwheel mounted at the end of a threaded rod placed obliquely, and which is introduced into a cylindrical body

which constitutes a gear and bearing box, another similar truss of gears and bearings being coupled to the panel and also being traversed by the threaded rod, by its free end, and in that between the two boxes of gears, and on this rod are placed arms which serve as guides to the panel to couple and uncouple it, when necessary.

48. Formwork according to claim 47, characterized in that said arms are formed by two parts, one of which has a pitch to the right and the other a pitch to the left, these parts being assembled by a core, using 'A tubular screw thread internally also in both directions, so that by actuating this mechanism, the panel can be left at the desired distance. 49. Formwork according to either of the claims 47 and 48, characterized in that there is a support for the mechanism of this threaded rod, this cylinder and these aforementioned control parts, which support has at its lower end a threaded rod, an actuating handle and a connecting plate, to obtain a set of adjustable height which acts as a support for the aforementioned mechanism.

50. Formwork according to claim 47, characterized in that, in the box in which the aforementioned threaded rod is placed, a flat bearing is used to avoid sudden friction and to be able to easily handle the steering wheel of this device, all this assembly being an extractor member for coupling and uncoupling of the panels and being able to be operated by any suitable motor means.

51. Formwork according to claim 47, characterized

in that the frets of the threaded rod have at each end

a perforation for placing bolts, for their actuation between the panel and the structure of the facing.

52. Formwork according to any one of the claims

1 to 51, characterized in that the assembly has adjustment parts, the lower part of which is made of a relatively soft and flexible material, and is provided with screws in order to be able to adjust small differences in level or possible defects in the ground, which are thus absorbed, this part being placed under the panel or mold,

also using a tensioning element, screw and nut, and a spring, to scale and level the support of the parts of the panels or molds.

53. Formwork, as described above and / or as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.