BE400418A

BE400418A -

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Publication number: BE400418A
Authority: BE; Belgium
Prior art keywords: chromium; substances; oven; phosphorus; thermal reduction
Prior art date

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English (en)

French (fr)

Publication of BE400418A publication Critical patent/BE400418A/fr

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VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 66
239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 65
229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 64
229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 37
238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 37
235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 35
229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 33
OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 31
230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 23
239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 20
229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 claims description 19
150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 18
239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 17
VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 16
239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 15
150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 12
150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 9
NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 7
238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+) Chemical class [Cr+6] JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 6
DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus decaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
239000010436 fluorite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 2
230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims 1
150000002927 oxygen compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 35
230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 24
238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 24
UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Inorganic materials [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 17
OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 14
235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 12
KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 10
QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 9
239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 8
ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical class [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 7
230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 7
235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 7
229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium dichromate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 6
XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
229910001096 P alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
239000000788 chromium alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 5
PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 5
LBSANEJBGMCTBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganate Chemical compound [O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O LBSANEJBGMCTBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 5
QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
-1 chromium alloys Chemical compound 0.000 description 4
239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 4
NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
239000002006 petroleum coke Substances 0.000 description 4
RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanic acid Chemical compound O[Ti](O)(O)O LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 4
229910000604 Ferrochrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
VQYBJJWZTGPLRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N [P].[Cr].[Fe] Chemical compound [P].[Cr].[Fe] VQYBJJWZTGPLRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 3
239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 3
GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
238000001640 fractional crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 3
239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
QLOKJRIVRGCVIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[(4-methylsulfanylphenyl)methyl]piperazine Chemical compound C1=CC(SC)=CC=C1CN1CCNCC1 QLOKJRIVRGCVIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
IDWCVLOQYLQNAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ti].[Cr].[Fe] Chemical group [Ti].[Cr].[Fe] IDWCVLOQYLQNAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
VQWFNAGFNGABOH-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(iii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Cr+3] VQWFNAGFNGABOH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 2
229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
ZTPQLYJGPLYBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphanylidynechromium Chemical compound [Cr]#P ZTPQLYJGPLYBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
XMXNVYPJWBTAHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium chromate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O XMXNVYPJWBTAHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 2
239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
PXLIDIMHPNPGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium chromate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O PXLIDIMHPNPGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
229940078499 tricalcium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 2
229910000391 tricalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
235000019731 tricalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
235000019798 tripotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
229910000404 tripotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
229910000406 trisodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
235000019801 trisodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
JHWIEAWILPSRMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-3-pyrimidin-4-ylpropanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C)CC1=CC=NC=N1 JHWIEAWILPSRMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical class OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
229910001339 C alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chlorate Chemical class [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
229910000914 Mn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
GAPCYAHDADBFQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cr].[P].[Ti] Chemical compound [Cr].[P].[Ti] GAPCYAHDADBFQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
CFTPCTVOCKEWRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mn].[P].[Cr] Chemical compound [Mn].[P].[Cr] CFTPCTVOCKEWRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
CQODGVQBRIGKLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L [Na+].[Na+].[O-]OOO[O-] Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]OOO[O-] CQODGVQBRIGKLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
229910052910 alkali metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
150000001722 carbon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
BCDWXIPZSYBYCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium iron manganese Chemical compound [Mn][Cr][Fe] BCDWXIPZSYBYCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
KCIDZIIHRGYJAE-YGFYJFDDSA-L dipotassium;[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OC[C@H]1O[C@H](OP([O-])([O-])=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O KCIDZIIHRGYJAE-YGFYJFDDSA-L 0.000 description 1
230000005283 ground state Effects 0.000 description 1
229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
229910000398 iron phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical group [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+) phosphate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 1
BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
235000011118 potassium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
235000011009 potassium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicide(4-) Chemical compound [Si-4] FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
150000003657 tungsten Chemical class 0.000 description 1
LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadate(3-) Chemical class [O-][V]([O-])([O-])=O LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1