BE384199A

BE384199A -

Info

Publication number: BE384199A
Authority: BE

Description

       

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  Hélice   réglable.   



   Les formes de réalisation multiples connues jusqu'à présent d'hélices réglables n'ont pu s'implanter malgré le meilleur rendement. Non seulement le   deplacement   mais aussi la conservation de l'angle de réglage pendant le fonction- nement offraient des difficultés continuelles auxquelles s'ae joutaient celles de la fixation des ailes ou des pales de l'hélice. 'Cette fixation doit supporter non seulement la force centrifuge mais aussi les moments de basculement dont il est difficile de se rendre maître spécialement en cas 

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 de charges variables dans les paliers. Les pales en bois, favorables au point de vue aérodynamique, n'ont pas été pro- posées ni employées jusqu'à présent avec une fixation telle que l'on peut parler d'un fonctionnement sur. 



   La présente invention évite ces inconvénients par le fait qu'elle procure des moyens de produire non seulement un déplacement sur mais un appui irréprochable des pales indépendamment de la nature de la matière. 



   Le moyeu fixé sur l'arbre de l'hélice est conformé dans le cas d'une hélice aérienne à deux pales, du haut et du bas en un anneau qui porte chaque fois un double palier à rouleaux conique. Vers l'extérieur des paliers à rouleaux sont maintenus par le logement divisé de l'hélice. Entre les couronnes de rouleaux se trouve un rebord du support de pale. Celui-ci est conformé vers l'extérieur en douille pour recevoir les pales ou les ailes et le côté inférieur est pourvu d'un cylindre creux fendu de telle manière que les pièces cylindriques creuses des deux supports de pale se glissent l'un dans l'autre à   l'état   monté, Comme En cas de petit diamètre des cylindres, ils rencontreraient la pièce de moyeu pendant le déplacement, cette pièce est fraisée en conséquence de sorte,qu'un grand angle de déplacement est produit.

   Les paliers à rouleaux coniques absorbent en même temps les forces qui se présentent, ce qui facilite le ré- glage. En vue de diminuer l'usure ils sont éventuellement pressés constamment par des ressorts contre les couronnes de rouleaux de sorte que les chocs sont   amortis. la   durée d'exis- tence des rouleaux: est ainsi augmentée. 



   La fixation des pales d'hélice en bois est obtenue en deux réalisations qui assurent toutes deux avec une sécurité suffisante une bonne liaison durable. 



   Tans un cas, la tige de la pale est pourvue d'un   file-   

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 tage grossier qui est vissé dans le support de pale fendu jusqu'à ce que par son extrémité inférieure conique, il s'ap- plique contre un cône correspondant du support de pale et s'y coince. Dans le cas où l'on emploie des pales métalli- ques,   la.   fixation par lissage peut être remplacee par n'im- porte quelle autre. Des garnitures intérieures ou extérieures permettent en outre l'emploi de plusieurs diamètres quelcon- ques de tiges de pale tandis que le logement est en même temps divisé en vue de faciliter le montage. 



   L'autre facilité de fixation, qui procure le même effet, consiste à employer plusieurs c8nes. Lors de leur Tissage, l'un sur l'autre, la tige de pale est reliée solidement au sup- port de pale et peut être réglée après une période de fonc- tionnement plus ou moins longue. 



   Le réglage de l'hélice se fait d'un point quelconque de l'avion par le fait qu'entre le moyeu et le dispositif de réglage est intercalé un mécanisme dont le dernier organe vient en prise avec une couronne dentée d'un écrou. ce der- nier est placé concentriquement à l'arbre de l'hélice et est placé à une distance déterminée de l'hélice au moyen d'un palier longitudinal et d'un palier transversal, par la. rota- tion de l'écrou on déplace axialement une vis sans fin qui est empêchée de tourner par un guidage fixé à l'enveloppe du moteur et est supportée sur un anneau disposé sur l'arbre ou le moyeu de l'hélice, également au moyen de palier   trans-   versaux et longitudinaux, et entraine cet anneau.

   A l'anneau qui tourne avec l'hélice et peut être déplacé dans le sens axial sont articulées les tiges de traction ou crémaillères qui transmettent le mouvement aux pales de l'hélice. pour ré- duire les dimensions, le mécanisme de réglage peut être enga- gé dans l'arbre d'hélice creux. Dans le cas ou l'extrémité de l'arbre d'hélice n'est pas accessible et est donc fermé, il 

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 peut également être logé complètement dans l'arbre creux. 



   L'actionnement du dispositif peut aussi, spécialement dans ce dernier cas, se faire   électromagnétiquement,   hydrauli- quement ou par une autre source de force motrice. 



   En vue du contrôle de l'angle de vis le plus favorable à obtenir par réglage, on a prévu dans l'arbre de l'hélice un appareil de mesure de traction qui indique   les   forces de traction de l'hélice aux différents angles de réglage. 



   Les figures montrent différentes formes de réalisation de l' invention. 



     La   fig.   1. est   une coupe longitudinale, la fig. 2 une coupe transversale et la fig. 3 une coupe horizontale dans une hélice réglable. la fig. 4 montre un mécanisme de réglage à l'intérieur de l'arbre creux. 



   La fig. 5 montre une autre construction de la   fig.     4.   



   La fig. 6 montre une construction séparée d'un support de pale. 



   La fig. 7 montre une autre fixation de la pale. 



   L'hélice réglable des fig. 1 à 3 comprend l'arbre d'hé- lice 1. sur lequel le moyeu 2, empêché de tourner par des dentures 3, est maintenu par le fait qu'il est pressé au moyen de l'écrou 4 avec intercalation des cônes 5 et 6, contre l'anneau de pression 7 du palier de l'arbre. Le moyeu forme vers le haut et vers le bas un anneau 8 qui porte les doubles paliers à rouleaux coniques 9 avec inter- calation du ressort 10. La couronne supérieure de rouleaux s'applique contre le logement 11 de l'hélice qui est main- tenu par vissage dans les brides 12. Entre les couronnes de rouleaux est supporté le rebord   13   du support de pale 14. 



  La pale de bois 15 est vissée au moyen d'un pas de vis et est immobilisée par l'anneau de serrage   16   qui comprime la partie supérieure fendue de la douille. Les lignes d'axe 17 

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 indiquent des vis qui fixent la pale au fond de la douille et l'empêchent de tourner. Au fond de la douille sont fixés les tronçons périphériques 18 d'un cylindre de bois. 1 l'état monté les tronçons du cylindre creux des deux pales se glis- sent l'un dans l'autre. Sur ces pièces sont montées les tiges de traction 19 au moyen d'articulations sphériques 
20 qui sont fixées d'autre part de façon à pouvoir tourner à l'anneau de réglage 21.

   L'anneau de réglage 21 peut être déplacé dans le sens axial sur le moyeu de l'hélice et sert d'appui à la v is sans fin 22 qui est empêchée de tourner au moyen du guidage 24   fixé à   l'enveloppe 23 du moteur.L'é- crou 25 est supporté sur l'anneau 26 à une distance déter- minée de l'hélice et est actionné par le pignon 27 qui est mis en rotation par l'intermédiaire d'arbres à partir du siège du pilote. La mesure de la traction se fait par   exemple   par le paquet de disques 28 qui est isolé des autres parties de l'hélice au moyen des couches intermédiaires 29. Au moyen des fils de ligne 30 qui sont conduits aux bagues 31, on en- voie du courant électrique à travers le paquet et l'on mesure la variation de la résistance en cas de traction de grandeur différente. 



   Dans la disposition du dispositif de réglage suivant la fig. 4, le mouvement axial de la tige 32 passant à tra- vers l'arbre d'hélice creux est transmis par l'intermédiaire des tiges de traction et de compression 33 aux pièces cylin- driques creuses 34 et 35 des deux pales. 
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  Dans le cas de la fig. 5 le mouvement axial delà t&fio 36 disposée dans l'arbre creux est transmis au moyen des crémaillères 37 aux couronnes dentées 38 des deux pièces cylindriques creuses des supports de pale. 



   Le support de pale 39 de la fig. 6, qui est supports dans le logement de l'hélice, contient un second support de 

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 pale 40 fixé dans le premier en vue d'obtenir en cas de grand diamètre de la tige de la pale une liaison sûre entre cette dernière et le moyeu de l'hélice. 



   Dans le cas de la fig. 7, la pièce cylindrique 41 partant du moyeu est pourvue à son extrémité supérieure d'un pas de vis intérieur et d'un pas de vis extérieur. Sur le pas de vis extérieur est vissée une pièce cylindrique 42 qui s'élargît vers le haut et est également pourvue d'un filetage. Sur le filetage intérieur de la pièce 41 se visse le cône 43 qui d'applique par sa face oblique supérieure contre la pièce 
42. La tige de bois est placée avec son cône inférieur 44 dans cette pièce tandis que le cône supérieur 45 est reçu par la douille divisée 46 qui est maintenue assemblée du haut au moyen de l'anneau de serrage 47.   La   douille 46 est alors serrée au moyen de l'écrou à recouvrement conique 48 qui se visse sur le filetage de la pièce 42 de sorte que la tige de bois est pressée dans le cône inférieur 43. 



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Revendications. 

**ATTENTION** fin du champ DESC peut contenir debut de CLMS **.



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  Adjustable propeller.



   The multiple embodiments known until now of adjustable propellers could not be established despite the better efficiency. Not only the displacement but also the maintenance of the angle of adjustment during operation presented continual difficulties to which were added those of the attachment of the wings or the blades of the propeller. 'This fixing must withstand not only the centrifugal force but also the tipping moments which it is difficult to master especially in case

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 variable loads in the bearings. The wooden blades, which are favorable from the aerodynamic point of view, have not been proposed nor used until now with such a fixing that one can speak of safe operation.



   The present invention avoids these drawbacks by the fact that it provides means of producing not only a movement on but an irreproachable support of the blades regardless of the nature of the material.



   The hub fixed to the propeller shaft is formed in the case of an aerial propeller with two blades, the top and the bottom in a ring which each time carries a double tapered roller bearing. Outwardly roller bearings are held by the split housing of the propeller. Between the roller crowns is a rim of the blade support. This is shaped outwardly as a sleeve to receive the blades or the wings and the lower side is provided with a hollow cylinder split so that the hollow cylindrical parts of the two blade supports slide one into the 'Other in the mounted state, As In case of small diameter of the cylinders, they would meet the hub part during displacement, this part is milled accordingly so, that a large displacement angle is produced.

   At the same time, the tapered roller bearings absorb the forces which arise, which facilitates adjustment. In order to reduce wear, they are possibly constantly pressed by springs against the roller crowns so that the shocks are damped. the life of the rollers is thus increased.



   The fixing of the wooden propeller blades is obtained in two embodiments which both provide with sufficient security a good durable connection.



   In one case, the blade shank is provided with a thread

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 coarse stage which is screwed into the slotted blade holder until at its tapered lower end it fits against a corresponding cone of the blade holder and gets stuck there. In the case where metal blades are used, the. fixing by smoothing can be replaced by any other. Inner or outer gaskets further permit the use of any several diameters of blade stems while the housing is at the same time divided for ease of assembly.



   The other ease of fixing, which provides the same effect, consists in using several c8nes. During their weaving, one on top of the other, the blade rod is firmly connected to the blade support and can be adjusted after a longer or shorter period of operation.



   The propeller is adjusted from any point on the airplane by the fact that between the hub and the adjustment device is interposed a mechanism, the last member of which engages with a ring gear of a nut. the latter is placed concentrically with the propeller shaft and is placed at a determined distance from the propeller by means of a longitudinal bearing and a transverse bearing, by the. rotation of the nut axially displaces a worm which is prevented from rotating by a guide fixed to the motor casing and is supported on a ring disposed on the shaft or the propeller hub, also at the means of transverse and longitudinal bearings, and drives this ring.

   To the ring which rotates with the propeller and can be moved in the axial direction, are articulated the traction rods or racks which transmit the movement to the blades of the propeller. to reduce dimensions, the adjustment mechanism can be engaged in the hollow propeller shaft. If the end of the propeller shaft is not accessible and is therefore closed, it

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 can also be housed completely in the hollow shaft.



   The actuation of the device may also, especially in the latter case, be electromagnetically, hydraulically or by some other source of motive force.



   In order to check the most favorable screw angle to be obtained by adjustment, a traction measuring device has been provided in the propeller shaft which indicates the propeller traction forces at the various adjustment angles. .



   The figures show different embodiments of the invention.



     Fig. 1. is a longitudinal section, FIG. 2 a cross section and FIG. 3 a horizontal cut in an adjustable propeller. fig. 4 shows an adjustment mechanism inside the hollow shaft.



   Fig. 5 shows another construction of FIG. 4.



   Fig. 6 shows a separate construction of a blade holder.



   Fig. 7 shows another attachment of the blade.



   The adjustable propeller of fig. 1 to 3 comprises the propeller shaft 1. on which the hub 2, prevented from rotating by teeth 3, is held in place by the fact that it is pressed by means of the nut 4 with the interposing of the cones 5 and 6, against the pressure ring 7 of the shaft bearing. The hub forms upwards and downwards a ring 8 which carries the double tapered roller bearings 9 with interposition of the spring 10. The upper ring of rollers rests against the housing 11 of the propeller which is hand- held by screwing in the flanges 12. Between the roller crowns is supported the flange 13 of the blade support 14.



  The wooden blade 15 is screwed on by means of a screw thread and is immobilized by the clamping ring 16 which compresses the upper split part of the sleeve. Axis lines 17

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 indicate screws that secure the blade to the bottom of the socket and prevent it from turning. At the bottom of the socket are fixed the peripheral sections 18 of a wooden cylinder. In the assembled state, the sections of the hollow cylinder of the two blades slide into one another. On these parts are mounted the traction rods 19 by means of spherical joints
20 which are fixed on the other hand so as to be able to turn to the adjustment ring 21.

   The adjusting ring 21 can be moved axially on the propeller hub and serves as a support for the endless screw 22 which is prevented from rotating by means of the guide 24 fixed to the casing 23 of the motor The nut 25 is supported on the ring 26 at a fixed distance from the propeller and is actuated by the pinion 27 which is rotated via shafts from the pilot's seat. The traction is measured, for example, by the pack of discs 28 which is isolated from the other parts of the helix by means of the intermediate layers 29. By means of the line wires 30 which are led to the rings 31, it is sent. of the electric current through the packet and the variation in resistance is measured in the event of traction of different magnitude.



   In the arrangement of the adjustment device according to FIG. 4, the axial movement of the rod 32 passing through the hollow propeller shaft is transmitted through the tension and compression rods 33 to the hollow cylindrical parts 34 and 35 of the two blades.
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  In the case of fig. 5 the axial movement beyond t & fio 36 disposed in the hollow shaft is transmitted by means of the racks 37 to the toothed rings 38 of the two hollow cylindrical parts of the blade supports.



   The blade support 39 of FIG. 6, which is supports in the housing of the propeller, contains a second support of

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 blade 40 fixed in the former with a view to obtaining, in the event of a large diameter of the blade rod, a secure connection between the latter and the propeller hub.



   In the case of fig. 7, the cylindrical part 41 starting from the hub is provided at its upper end with an internal thread and an external thread. A cylindrical part 42 is screwed onto the outer thread, which widens upwards and is also provided with a thread. On the internal thread of the part 41 is screwed the cone 43 which applies by its upper oblique face against the part
42. The wooden rod is placed with its lower cone 44 in this piece while the upper cone 45 is received by the split sleeve 46 which is held together from the top by means of the clamping ring 47. The sleeve 46 is then tightened by means of the tapered cover nut 48 which screws onto the thread of the part 42 so that the wooden rod is pressed into the lower cone 43.



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Claims.

** ATTENTION ** end of DESC field can contain start of CLMS **.

Claims

= + = + = + = + = + = + = + = + = + = + = + = 1 / Adjustable propeller, characterized in that the adjusting movement is transmitted to an external cylinder arranged between two tapered double roller bearings, cylinder which exists for each blade of the propeller, this cylinder bearing for fixing the blades of the propeller at the same time at its lower end slotted hollow cylinders which can slide into each other, passing through recesses of a central piece of steel, while the outer roller bearings are held by a housing special exterior and that the interior roller bearings rest, possibly elastically, on a central piece of steel already marked on the motor shaft. <Desc / Clms Page number 7>

2 / adjustable propeller according to claim 1, characterized in that the movement is effected by means of an endless screw so that this endless screw, which is supported by means of transverse and longitudinal bearings concentrically in a ring which can move axially on the propeller hub or propeller shaft and which is prevented from rotating by a guide fixed to the motor casing, is displaced in the longitudinal direction by means of a nut whose position relative to 1 propeller is fixed by means of transverse and longitudinal bearings, by the fact that this nut is rotated by means of a mechanism starting from any point of the aircraft,

while the movement of the mentioned ring is transmitted by pull rods or racks to the propeller blades.

3 Adjustable propeller according to claims 1 and 2, charac- terized in that the displacement of the propeller blades is effected by means of traction rods or by the intermediary of racks and a toothed wheel, or by means of toothed wheels, by means of a rod or a shaft arranged in the hollow propeller shaft, this shaft or this rod being controlled by hand or by a force mechanism motor.

4 / Control device for the adjustable propeller and its degree of adjustment, according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that in the hub of the propeller is housed a traction measuring device which is in conjunction with a indicating instrument which indicates the tensile force existing at each instant.

5 / Adjustable propeller blade fixing according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that in the case of use of wooden blades, the lower rod provided with a via pitch of the wooden blade is screwed into the top slotted cylinder indicated in claim 1, until the conical end in- <Desc / Clms Page number 8> the stem of the blade rests against a corresponding cone in the blade holder, the immobilization against rotation with respect to the cylinder being produced by the fact that the upper part is clamped, while in addition, screws are still screwed through the bottom of the cylinder into the wooden block.

6 / Attachment of adjustable propeller blade according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that in the case of use of metal blades, the lower rod provided with a thread or bases is screwed or placed in the blade support such that the lower cone is pressed into the blade support while the installed rod is held in position by clamping the split sleeve.

7 / Fixings of blades of different rod diameters, po @@ the adjustable propeller according to claims 1 to 3 and 5 and 6, characterized in that the blade support is established in such a way that it can receive a longer rod or smaller in an interior part forming a second blade support, the propeller housing being able to be divided one or more times in order to facilitate assembly while the support of the blade support in the hub is done in such a way that the roller crowns are pressed constantly under a certain pressure against the bearing surfaces of the blade support in order to keep shocks on the rollers away from the bearing in the event of variable loads, in particular in the case of large blade diameters,

while the application pressure is exerted by means of springs on the rings of the roller bearings or by the introduction with a corresponding initial tension.

8 / Fixing of wooden blade of the adjustable propeller according to revendirations 1 to 3, characterized in that a cylindrical part starting from the metal hub is screwed externally to <Desc / Clms Page number 9> a cylindrical part which carries a conical widening sufficiently large so that it can be fixed at its end spaced from the hub also by means of a thread, by a large undivided covering cone, while the cylindrical part situated at the the interior is screwed internally to a part whose double function consists in that it receives the blade, function for which it is provided with a flat cone, and in that it stiffens the part widening into a cone and screwed the external thread, by the fact that a flat cone provided with ribs is provided,

while the simultaneous tightening of the small cone not only the external thread but also the internal thread are protected from loosening by vibrations.

9 / blade attachment according to claims 1 to 3 and 8, charac- terized in that the undivided reconversion cone is provided with ribs and immobilizes a divided sleeve which embraces the cone of wood while the divided sleeve carries a bead for stiffening at its lower end and has at the upper end a rectilinear guide surrounding the wooden blade and to which on the outside a divided clamping ring is arranged on a flange so that the contraction or expansion timber under different loads can be taken up by means of the clamping ring.

10 / blade attachment according to claims 1 to 3 and 8 and 9, characterized in that the large undivided covering rod provided with ribs compresses the wood both in the flat control cone located below as against the cone of the blade which is embraced by the divided sleeve, while in the event of contraction or expansion of the wood, by tightening this covering cone, the two cones are tightened simultaneously.

he / blade attachment according to claims 1 to 3 and 8 and <Desc / Clms Page number 10> to 10, characterized in that from the point where the upper cone leaves the metal construction towards the middle of the hub to the point where the control cone begins, the wooden rod does not touch the metal construction to save weight by the cavities which occur 12 Blade attachment according to claims 1 to 3 and 8 to 11, characterized in that the part of the flat control cone directed towards the hub is, for unloading the thread of the bias, provided with a polished flange which rests against the inner surface of the cylindrical part of the hub.