BE332356A - - Google Patents

Description

       

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  "Improvements to" synchronous "amplifying control mechanisms .-
During operation and. control of many modern devices and machines, it is frequently necessary to consider the problem of handling, at the will and under the direct control of an operator acting by hand either directly or indirectly through of a control motor, on a relatively heavy body or mechanism, the movements of which are hampered or retarded by strong friction or other antagonistic forces.



     We often find ourselves in the presence of the. problem consisting in manipulating these bodies or mechanisms in a fully automatic manner, in accordance with the movements of a device or. control motor having low power consumption.

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    (; he has naturally already employed pro-
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 power conducers to run automatically or automatically many types of machines, but in many cases these power generating devices have yielded little results. satisfactory, because they were;

   InsuffiS8T! Tlent sensitive, and were not able to manipulate the body or. nnmechanism to which 1 were applied, exautenent the manner intended by the operator, or? 1. the TnI-1YLÍ èL'E 'determined by the automatic operating organs, it7 cjue. Devices of this kind which have been suggested or envisaged included, in addition to uo / oiis allowing energy to be withdrawn from any soar ug, a control element intended to be actuated o . Hand, or operating with the aid of appropriate automatic means, to control the action of the energy withdrawing means. However, it has generally been observed, during the operation of these devices, that 'there was a detrimental delay either in time,' or in
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  E ', or in both, between the control element and the body or mechanism on which it was necessary to act. The efforts which have been made to eliminate this harmful delay have not been successful, or at most only partially successful, and in all cases where experiences of this kind were made, the structure of the device was made much more complex and, therefore,
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 di'an operation less on.



   The object of the invention is to provide means and a method for effecting and controlling the movements of a
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 heavy body, or CL'ü11 body on which external forces act, au. means of two motors, i.e. one pro motor
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 energy ductor and a motor (Control, the former providing the main portion of the energy used to effect this movement, and the latter controlling

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      the amplitude of this movement, such that the body considered moves at all times in synchronism with the control motor, so that each position of the control motor corresponds to an animas position of the body in question.



   A problem the solution of which has been sought many times in the past, without success, is that of controlling a gun from a distant point. The difficulty in solving this problem arises from the fact that the canoe must be pointed quickly, and with the greatest accuracy, and the telemetry devices through which the data from the gun control devices is transmitted. by observers at a receiving station, are absolutely too weak of themselves to actually aim a gun.

   For this reason, it has heretofore been considered necessary to employ a human intermediary between the telemetry receiver and the gun to be directed. However, by means of an apparatus constructed according to the principles of the present invention, one can entirely eliminate this intermediate hand, and point the gun, quickly and accurately, by means acting at great distance, in spite of the fact that the barrel can have a considerable weight, and that the antagonistic movement created by the forces of friction can be very important.

   The telemetry receiver commonly employed in gun control devices is capable of providing only a very small motor effort, for example an effort of 1.10 of an inch per ounce, without destroying its accuracy. A cannon may require, for example, 5 pound-feet of driving force to rotate or lift it.

   It follows that the motor force necessary to handle the barrel is of the order of 10,000 times greater than the maximum motor force which can be provided.

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 by the receiver apparatus 1 emits, and it is obvious that means must be interposed between the telemetric receiver apparatus and the gun, to multiply the negligible motor effort of the apparatus, if it is a question of 'Carry out an automatic control of the barrel.



  By using a mechanism constructed according to the principles of the invention, a mechanism which will be referred to hereinafter under the name of "Synchronous amplifier control mechanism", it becomes perfectly possible to manipulate
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 the uanondirectly and automatically, 'from the receiving apparatus as emits, and without interposing the human intermediary generally recognized as necessary to provide the desired motive force, U7JléCaniSrne allowing to fulfill / throws this function is shown in the accompanying drawings. and will be described in more detail below.



   We could mention 'many other examples showing the inadequacies of similar mechanisms.
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 antél 'ie u.rel.1ent constructed, and making it possible to apply with IlV'1ntng0 the synchronous amplifier control mechanism which is the subject of this improvement; some of these examples are shown in the accompanying drawings
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 and described in the specification.

   The mechanism is subject to many variations, in its applications, to various problems of the industrial arts; construction and
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 arrangement of the elements that compose it, little.will be modified SLLibreaent, to meet special conditions and also the desired ratio of amplification of energy, from the automatic motor or other control motor,
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 jaHClu.'8, the organ that performs the desired final operation, can be modified in wing. to a large extent by developing mechanisms for the manipulation of bodies, and mechanisms with different weights and characters.

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   The object of the invention is to provide a mechanism and a method for effecting and controlling the movement of a heavy body, or of a body requested by external forces, by means of two motors, a producing motor. energy and a controlling motor, the first of these motors providing the main part of the energy needed to perform this movement, and the second controlling the amplitude of this movement, so that there is sympathy intimate between the movement of the control motor and the movement of the body, and that for each position of the. motor control, there is a single position. corresponding body.



   Not only is the mechanism in question new as a whole, but the intermediate mechanism is also new, and it actually comprises a secondary combination of independent organs, which can, if desired, be used by itself, entirely apart from the control motor and the associated mechanism, in a large number of mechanical arts, the intermediate mechanism in question has been referred to hereinafter as the Servo-mechanism "and the accompanying drawings represent a number of mechanisms of this kind.

   It is furthermore in view, during the development of the invention, of employing still other forms of this sevo-mechanism, and it is of course understood that the construction and the arrangement of the organs which compose it can be very strongly modified. , without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.



   Preferably, in the construction of a synchronous amplifier control mechanism for manipulating a large body or mechanism under the control of the control motor having low power consumption, that is, say low power, we will use

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 a servo-mechanism employing friction devices to amplify the energy supplied by the control motor since, by means of these devices, no large amplification can be obtained without any decrease in accuracy. However, in some cases, servo-mechanisms that do not operate according to the principles of wrap-around friction may be fully capable of fulfilling the desired conditions.

   The first thirty figures of the drawings show various types of friction servomotors, and figures 56, 40 & 41 show servomotors in which this principle of friction is not employed. The specific type of servo mechanism depends on the nature of the body or mechanism to be actuated, and the nature of the control motor.



   In the course of the description of the invention, we will first deal with servo-mechanisms of the friction type, parks that a knowledge of their operation will facilitate the understanding of the complete synchronous amplifier control systems that will be. then developed *
In these drawings:
Figures1 to 8 inclusive represent the type of servo-mechanism that will be described in detail in premiezliea, In this group of figures:
Figure 1 is a section through the axis through the servo mechanism;
Figure 2 is also a section through the axis, but taken along a plane 90 to the plane shown in Figure 1;

   
Figure 3 is a section taken along line 3-3 of Figure 2,
Figure 4 is a section taken along line 4-4 of Figure 2
Figure 5 is a plan view, from above, of the mechanism, part of the box being removed, and part of the inner mechanism being broken;

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Figure 6 is a cross section on line 6-6 of the station 2
Figure 7 is a section taken on line 7-7 of Figure 5;
Figure 8 is a view in. perspective of a detail.



   Figures 9, 10 and 11 show another embodiment of the servo-mechanization, Figure 9 being a section through 1 charge, Figure 10 a section along the line 10-10 of Figure
9, and Figure 11 a section on line 11-11 of Figure 10.



   A third embodiment is shown in Figures 12 to 15e inclusive.



   Figure 12 is a sectional axis;
Figure 13 is a section taken along line 13-13 of fig. 12:
Figures 14 and 15 are elevations of certain details and are interspersed to indicate the different positions which these members take during operation,
Figures 15a, 15b, 15e, 15d, 15e are diagrams showing the mode of operation of the web control means;
Another achievement of Seryo-Meanism is depicted in detail in. Figures 16 to 20 inclusive.



   Figure 16 is a sectional view taken along the line 16-16 of Figure 18;
Figure 17 is a section taken on line 17-17 of Figure 18;
Figure 18 is a section taken on line 18-18 of Figure 16;
Figure 19 is a fragmentary magnifying glass taken along line 19-19 of Figure 17;
Figure 20 is an end elevation of part of the mechanism.

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   Figures 21 to 24 inclusive show another form of servo-mechanism constructed in accordance with the principle of the invention.



   Figaro 21 is a section through the axis;
Figure 22 is a cross section taken on line 22-22 of Figure 21;
Figure 23 is a section taken on line 23-23 of the. fig. 22. the friction tapes being, however, shown in elevation; Figure 24 is a detail.



   Likewise, in Figures 25 to 27, inclusive, a further embodiment is shown.



   Figure 25 is a section 1 through the axis;
Figure 26 is a section taken on line 26-26 of Figure 25;
Figure 37 is a section taken on line 27-27 of Figure 25,
A final form of wervo-mechanism is shown in Figures 28,29 and 30.



   Figure 28 being a section through the axis, and
Figures 29 and 30 being sections along lines 20-20 & 30-30 respectively of Figure 28,
The remaining figures of the drawings represent various forms and applications of the amplifier-synchronous control mechanism comprising the control motor and the control members connecting the motor member and various body of the mechanism to be actuated.



   The parts of a rolling mill are shown in diagrams in Figure 31; two sets of rollers are shown with; a common control member, as well as their means for adjusting the relative speed of the rollers of each of the two series, while at the same time allowing the rollers to be controlled by a source of

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 common driving force. figure 32 is a section along line XXXII
XXXII of figure 31.



   Figure 33 shows a diagram of the adaptation of the. amplifier control mechanism synchronous with a pivot mounted cancn.



   Fig. 34 is also a diagram showing a mechanism encompassing the principles of the invention, in which the action of the amplifying mechanism is automatically controlled by an electro-magnetic member which can indicate the state of a machine, of a device. oven or other appliance placed at a distance.



   Fig. 35 represents a diagram of a mechanism constructed in accordance with the principle of the invention, a mechanism which has the particular object of automatically controlling the passage of an ingredient used for combustion, towards the combustion chamber of an oven, by the manipulation of a damper or regulating valve, in accordance with the variations in vapor pressure, within a chamber heated by the combustion of said fluid.



   Fig. 36 also shows the application of the invention to an automatic control mechanism, the control mechanism shown being intended to operate any motor desired, in accordance with the fluid pressure existing in a device influenced for the pressure. sion, of the bellows type.



   Fig. 37 is a course along line 37-37 of FIG. 36.



   Fig. 38 and 39 respectively show two types of friction bands which can be used in the servo-mechanism
Fig. 40 represents an automatic mechanism for actuating a fluid regulator such as a register, con-

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   firmly to the movements of a thermostat, the servo-mechanism employed in the suit not including an enveloping friction organ.



   Figs. 41 and 42 show in elevation (Fig. 41) and in section taken along line 42-42 (of Fig. 41), respectively, a synchronous amplifier control mechanism in which the servo-mechanism is also of. a non-angular type according to the principles of enveloping friction, and in which the control member is a centrifugal governor.



   Fies. 43 and 14 represent yet another form of the invention. Fig. 43 is a side elevation of a large clock in which a wrap-around friction brake type servo-mechanism is employed, and FIG. 44-44 is a section taken along line 44-44 of FIG. 43.



   We will now describe in detail the realization of the servo = mechanic which is represented in figs.



  1 to 8 inclusive. The movable parts of the mechanism are enclosed in a two-part box 10 which may be of press-forged steel or other suitable material. In aligned openings of the box are Sleeves 11 and 2 having the same axis, which constitute bearings in which the shafts 15 and'14, having the same axis can rotate freely, and which also constitute journals on which the hubs rotary drums 15 and 16 can rotate freely. The shafts 15 and 14 telescoping slightly into each other, but are not fixed to each other. The shaft 13 carries the actuator of the. servo-mechanism, and the shaft 14, the control shaft.



   A third shaft 17 enters the box, on one side thereof. This shaft, which is parallel to shafts 13 and 14t, is the motor shaft.

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   It is mounted, so as to rotate in the aligned bearings 18 and 19, and it is interrupted or broken inside the box, the two aligned parts being normally connected by a clutch 20 engaging a single box, and which is shown in detail in FIG. 7.



   On the motor shaft are mounted pinions if, 22, the teeth of pinion 22 directly mesh with those of a ring. toothed 23, rigidly fixed to the drum 15, and the teeth of the pinion 21 meshing with those of a deflection pulley 24 (Fig. 6), the teeth of which in turn mesh with those of a second toothed ring 25 integral with the drum 16.



   Obviously, in a construction similar to that of the discount, the rotation of the drive shaft 17 in one direction will cause the rotation in the opposite direction of the drums 15 and 16 respectively.



   Drums are cup-shaped members, the edges of which are arranged perpendicular to the bottom, and the disposition of which is such that the edges extend towards each other, their parallel edges being separated only by a small interval. The inner cylindrical faces of the flanges have friction surfaces, and the friction bands or bands 26 and 27 respectively bear lightly against these surfaces. The bands 26 and 27 are of the same nature, comprising a metallic part with a lining of cork or other suitable material.

   Each of the bands has a control end C and a driving end p. and they extend in the opposite direction around the drums from their control ends, which lie essentially in the same radial plane, as can be clearly seen in FIG. 5.



  The control end of each band is looped around a caliper 28, these calipers being rigidly fixed to back parallel barbs 29-29 of the same spacing, which are at

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 their turn secured, by river or other material, at diametrically opposed points, to a cross member 30 which is keyed to the control member or shaft 14, the outer ends of the cross member 30 forming a gutter to form pieces of suitable conformation to fix the rings.



   The driving ends of the two ends are provided with similar parts 31,31 and these parts are connected to the upper ends of oscillating arms 32,32, shaped in the same way, the lower ends of these oscillating arms being pivotally mounted on pins. 33,33, which extend outwards, in the opposite direction from a large transverse central disc 34 which is keyed to the control member 13. The oscillating arms in fact cross each other, both passing through through an opening 35 of the central disc 34, each of them supporting, in the plane of said disc, an anti-friction roller 36.

   These rollers bear respectively against the inclined faces of a conical part 37, tapering towards the outside, and which has an axial opening to receive a rod 38 on which elit is mounted so as to be able to slide. A spring 39, of any suitable shape, urges the part 37 radially outwards, and tends to separate the anti-fric- tion rollers, and consequently to separate the oscillating arms, and to force the driving ends of the bands slightly against their drums. respective.



   The ends of the rod 38 are mounted in the edges of the opening 35 made in the disc 34, and in reality constitute an integral part of the disc. The periphery of the disc 34 is provided with a felt strip 34 which presses lightly against the edges of the internal friction faces of the drums, and this strip effectively blocks the entry of dust into the common space.

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 caught between the drums.



   Assuming that the motor shaft rotates in a continuous manner in the direction of arrow A (fig. 5), it follows that the drums will rotate respectively in
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 the directions indicated by the arrows z3 and $, The tmbuj.ijtuuj.'nants aa reason 1 1 fzu 'iu x .. "z; 0 [, - two bands will press iegérëmeOT¯BnTrēff6D¯pieoeuonîc 37, as well as this has been said above. However, the tendency for the drums to lag as a result of the friction exerted by the belts will be negligible, the pressure.
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 sion being extremely low.

   However, if they further assume that the control-shaft 14 is rotated by hand (or by a suitable apparatus, operated by a motive force such as a Selsyn motor), in the direction of arrow D (Fig. 5), it is evident that the control end of the belt 27 will be moved in the direction of rotation of the drum 16, and that this belt will frictionally engage the drum with increasing force. . The belt, thus engaged with the drum, takes from the drum an amount of driving force which is determined by the driving force which the operator exerts on the control element 14, and this driving force will be supplied by the driving end P of the belt, via the corresponding oscillating arm and the anti-friction roller
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 36, .a conical piece 37.

   This last part is constructed so as to be stationary on its support rod 38, under the action of only one of the anti-friction rollers,
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 c: 'that is to say when only one of the bands is) engaged, the radial component of the force exerted by the roller on the conical part being of a magnitude less than the force necessary to overcome the resistance by friction of the tapered piece sliding inwards.

   As a result, the conical piece constitutes a fixed stop, and the driving force ... provided by the driving end of the band is transmitted directly to the disc 34, and from the to the shaft.

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 control 15 on which the disc is keyed; making this time, the band 26 has been released from the corresponding drum, the movement of the shaft 14 in the direction of the arrow D serving to tighten the band 27, but to release the band 26 There is therefore no not, in the mechanism, of opposition to the rotation of the control shaft 13.

   rotation of the 'control shaft' 14 in a direction opposite to that indicated by arrow D will result in releasing the band 27, and engaging the band 26 so that the shaft 13 also rotates in the opposite direction.

   The conical part 37 is designed so that when there is only one of the two bands which acts to transmit die force, this part constitutes a fixed Lutée, as has been explained above. However, if at any time there is a tendency for the two belts to engage their respective drums, so that the two anti-friction rollers 36 act simultaneously on the taper 37 with forces directed in opposite directions, and equal or more or less equal, it is obvious that the frictional resistance of the part 37 to sliding on the rod 38 will disappear, and that the part 37 will move radially inwards, in antagonism to the action of the spring 39, to stop the simultaneous capture of tapes.

   As a result, part 37 and its mechanism constitute an automatic adjustment device which prevents excessive losses by friction, due to simultaneous engagement of the bands; it ensures that the bands are kept slightly in engagement, by friction, with their respective drums, so that no lost movement will occur, with the vibrations which are the consequence;

    finally, it constitutes Himself an organ for taking up wear and tear, because it also functions well in

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 all the positions in which it can be placed, and that, if wear occurs in certain parts of the mechanism, it will move outwards, so as to take up the play which may result from this wear.



   Clutch 20 is set up so that the portion of the drive shaft which is inside the gearbox can still be moved by the external source of motive force, whatever jerk it is, in the direction of the drive. arrow A (fig. 5). If the direction of travel of the prime mover is reversed, the clutch will release itself.



   During the natural operation of the mechanism, the shafts 14 and 13 will always be found essentially in the same face of movement. They are, of course, not connected to each other, except by the intermediate mechanism, but there is so little play, by the bands and the conical pieces, from one shaft to the other, that movement of shaft 14 results in substantially simultaneous movement of shaft 13. When the operator of the control member stops rotating it, the belt which is engaged immediately disengages, and the shaft 13 also comes to a standstill, thereby ensuring that the phase between the two shafts is maintained.

   It is also evident that the operator can rotate the shaft 14 at any speed from zero to the rotational speed of the drums, the belts receiving from the drums just enough energy to achieve the desired result.



   . In some cases, it is advantageous that the control member or shaft 13 is operated by hand, for example in the event that the mechanism ceases to function due to the breakage of the bands or a disturbance of the source. of energy. As the gutter-shaped ends of the treverse 30 extend through the openings 40 of the disc 34, which openings are not of slight width.

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 Significantly larger than the saddle of the ends of the sleeper, the control and drive shafts are prevented from rotating with respect to each other to any appreciable extent, even if the belts have ceased to function.



  Prior to any disturbance of the bands, the end portions of the sleepers will be in the center of the openings 40, as can be seen in fig. 3, but at no time will they touch the edges of these openings.



    Of course, a band hearing disturbance will allow relative movement of the crossmember and disc 34: 'so that the end portions of the crossmember will strike against the edges of the openings. when the shaft 14 turns *, will spring in either direction. during the maneuver by hand, in case of disturbance of the driving force source, the belts will operate as before, and the motor shaft 17 will rotate in the direction of arrow A.

   Naturally, when the part of the motor shaft which is inside the gearbox is rotated in the / direction of arrow A, the clutch 20 automatically disengages this port ion from that which is moving. located outside the box and is connected to the source of motive power, so that it is not necessary for the operator to also turn by hand the electric motor or. another motor which could be used to turn the motor shaft. during the operation of the mechanism, the driving force applied to the hand is accentuated or multiplied a great number of times, that is to say that a slight driving force exerted on the control shaft will result in a strong force considerable motor on the drive shaft.

   This effect is brought about by the cooperation of bands and drums, which act in accordance with the well-sounded principles of "enveloping friction". Mechanism can be established

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To give various ratios of energy amplification, for different uses, by modifying its dimensions, and by employing bands of various kinds. If desired, the device can be provided with additional bands connected to the ends of the control of the bands shown, for the purpose of bringing them to the gripping position, which considerably increases the multiplication of energy.



   The second embodiment of the invention, shown in Figures 9, 10 & 11, is mainly based on the establishment of a system comprising a servo-mechanism of the general type described above, but without the adjustment device. automatic, that is to say, without the sliding conical part interposed between the driving ends of the bands. The rotating drums, in this form of the invention, are indicated at 15a and 16a respectively, and the command and control shafts, at 13a and 14a respectively. The apparatus may comprise a suitable box, and means. any suitable for rotating the drums in opposite directions.

   On the control shaft is keyed a hub, from which radiate the control arms 30a, and the control ends of the bands 26a & 27a are fixed to the ends of said arms. The driving ends of the bands are provided with plates having apertures to receive the ears 45 of an adjustable pan 46, rotatably mounted on a spindle-shaped projection 47 of a shaft 48, which is part of a shaft 48. 'a hub 49 keyed to the control member 13a,
The adjustment member 46 can rotate on the axis 47, and to effect this rotation, it is provided with a series of external teeth 50 which mesh with those of a worm 51.

   The screw without fix 51 has an axis 52, making allies axially, and the end of which is square at 53 to receive a key which can be introduced.

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 Through the opening 54 made in the drum L 16a, the rotation of the worm and of the adjuster effect a movement of the driving ends of the bands in opposite directions, and consequently rotational movement, the bands can either be pressed simultaneously more strongly against the drums with which they cooperate, or. well be simultaneously separated from the drums.

   Although it is precisely not automatic. , like in the uas of the conical part of the first embodiment of the invention which has been described, a construction such as that which has just been cited can be satisfactory when the occasion is occasionally available. adjust manually. of course, adjustment cannot be done while the drums are spinning. The endless screw locks the organ. adjustment 46 to prevent accidental movement.



  Although one has not shown and. describes that the parts of this embodiment of the invention which relate more particularly to the new form of band adjustment devices, it is understood that one can employ a suitable box, control members and a clutch of the general type shown in Figures 1 to 8.



   A third embodiment of the invention is described and shown in Figures 12 to 15e, and in this case the main difference with the previous forms consists in the absence of a member for adjusting the bands, and in the manner in which the friction bands are mounted and checked. The two drums 15b and 16b are rotated in opposite directions by an angle wheel 21b, the teeth of which mesh with the teeth of an angle wheel which face each other on the periphery of the drums.



  The control member or shaft 13b extends completely through the drums, and, infact, the drums are

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 mounted to rotate on this shaft which is supported in suitable spans 56,56. The shaft 13b is made hollow, -to allow it to receive the control shaft 14b, having the same axis, and it is also provided. a slot through which passes the control arm 30b 'of the control element. On the end of the. control arm pivots cross member 30b formed in the manner shown and the operation of which will be described later.



   The drive shaft 13 is provided with gradually projecting arms 34b, which are located in the same axial plane, and are of equal width. The friction bands 26b and 28b are relatively wide, and their ends are provided with reinforcing members or shoes 58. However, these bands are not mechanically connected, neither to the control cross member, nor to the control arms. mechanism control. As can be seen from figure 13, the adjacent ends of each of the bands are spread apart from each other by a greater distance than the width of the member 30b 'and the control arms, so that the crosspiece and these arms can move a (, - slightly distanced on each side of a central position, before coming into contact with the ends of the bands.



   The rotation of the control element in one or. the other direction, causes an angular displacement of the control arm in that direction, and the crosspiece will come into contact respectively with the adjacent ends of the bands, so that a force will be exerted on the ends of the two bands. . however, the crosspiece will meet the control end of one of the bands, and the driving end of the other band, and it is known that the engagement of a band and its drum will only take place when the grip has been made at the control end. As a result of this movement, the ar-

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 The control unit will be rotated in the usual way.



   In a construction such as that which has just been described, the two ends of each band interchange their functions in the event of reversal of the course ci (, the toothed wheel 21b, and it is not necessary to make turn the drums in a constant direction. In certain circumstances, this ability to be able to change the direction of rotation of the motor shaft will have great advantages.



   The action of the control members on the friction bands, in the operation of this form of the device, will be clearly understood by an inspection of Figures 15a and 15e inclusive, in which are illustrated in diagram the various positions of the control members. and bands, for different directions of rotation of the drive shaft. In figure 15a, the drums 15b and 16b are assumed to rotate in the directions of the two flocks F and F 'respectively, the two bands 26b and 27b are inactive, no pressure being exerted on them by the control member. pressure 30b; of the control mechanism.

   The driving ends P of the two bands rest against the opposite sides of the control arms 34b, the bands being continuously slightly in friction engagement with the drums. The pressure member 30b occupies a neutral position.



   Assuming that the control arm is moved in the direction of arrow F2 (Figure 15b), one end of the pressure member will meet the drive end P of arm 27b, and it will then rotate on its axis as such. so that its opposite end will bear against the control end C of the strip 26b, the driving end 2? will resist movement in a direction opposite to. the direction of rotation of. drum 16b. with

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 a force of such magnitude that the end of this strip will constitute a relatively fixed stop for the left end of the pressure member 30b ′ so that the right end of this member (fig.

   15b) will exert considerable force on the control end C of the belt 26b As a result, the belt 26b will strongly engage its drum and the driving end
2 of this band will provide sufficient force to rotate Control unit at will in the direc- tion of arrow F. making direct rotation of the control element in that direction, band 27b will be moved in a direction opposite to the direction of rotation of. drum 16b, and there will be some friction losses. However, the mechanism will operate satisfactorily, despite this delay actuation of the band 27b.



   In Fig. 15c, the control element is actuated so that the control arm moves in the direction of arrow F3, the directions of rotation of the drums, however, remaining the same. In this case, the control end of the belt 27b is in blind engagement 30b '. And this belt is active, the belt 26b being moved in a direction contrary to the direction of rotation of the associated drum. with her. Figures 15 & 15e are similar in nature, but show the mode of operation of the controller when the direction of rotation of the drums is reversed, as indicated by arrows F and F '.

   In this case the control and drive ends of the bands are also turned upside down, as can be seen by comparing these figures with Figures 15b & 15c.



   One form of the invention which allows manual adjustment of the bands adjustment which can be effected during operation of the mechanism, i.e. during operation.

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 While the drums are rotating, is shown in Figures 16 to 20 inclusive. Other important differences with the previously described mechanisms are also shown, and they will be described in
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 detail below.

   The triibours 15c and 160 are rotatably mounted on a control shaft 13c ', which is supported in' spans 60,60. The drums are provided with internal hubs and the outer surface of one of these hubs, i.e. the outer surface of the hub. -;
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 15ot, constitutes a cylindrical friction surface. The control ends C of the bands 26e and 27c are looped around pegs 60 having the same axis, which are placed at the outer ends of the arms 61.

   The inner ends of these arms being fixed, so that they cannot rotate, on a swing shaft 62. The short shaft is mounted so that it can rotate in aligned seats of the protrusion 63, in the form of a gutter, of a part 64 which is integral with the control shaft or keyed above
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 The driving end 1 'of the strip 26P is attached to a radially extending arm 65 sf, and which is integral with the part 64, while the driving end z of the strip 27 is attached to the outer end of a lever 66, pivoting. in 67 on a short projection of the part 64.

   The inner end of lever 66 is provided. a toothed segment 68, the teeth of which mesh with the teeth of a pinion 69, integral with a
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 sleeve '7th, which fits exactly to: .3 Interior of the oral nnclp 001m nnclp nr- biro. * \ its outer end, the sleeve 70 is operated by a helical wheel 71, the teeth of which mesh
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 nent with. a worm It mounted so as to be able to rotate, dn1S ears 73 formed on the periphery cL'an disc 74 integral with the shaft-to control the rotation
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 t ion of the worm a do;

  .lt ... for effect the rotation of the sleeve 70 and the pinion 69, which causes movement

 <Desc / Clms Page number 23>

 
 EMI23.1
 do.'levier 66 and, consequently, the contraction or expansion of the strip 27c,
The control ends of the bands are manipulated
 EMI23.2
 by tilting the oscillating shaft 63. and the oscillating shaft is moved in one direction by the action of a spring 75, normally tends to pull it clockwise.
 EMI23.3
 wing guilles shows (fig. 18) ;. the opposite end of the spring being fixed to the rigid arm 65;

     shaft 62 is urged in the opposite direction by the traction of a three
 EMI23.4
 sixth friction band '76. the driving end of which is connected to a shaft 77, which is keyed or otherwise fixed. without being able to turn on the shaft 62. The friction band 76 passes around the inner drum 1.51- ', discussed above, and its control end.
 EMI23.5
 It is connected to the external dtari brus control end 78 of a control element 79 which extends 8xil.llenent to. through m 3nan.on 70. The control shaft is split at 80 for the passage of the control arm 78.



   The drums being in rotation, but none in strong motor being exerted on the control element, the organs occupy the positions in which they are represented in figure-18. Then, the spring 7b acts for
 EMI23.6
 bring the strip w7 into engagement with its drum, but the inaction of the spring is counterbalanced by the traction of the strip 76 which is continually slightly in engagement with the drum 15c, Under these conditions the control ends of the bands are not displaced neither in a sense nor
 EMI23.7
 in the autro.

   If the control element 79 is rotated so as to move the control arm 78 in an anti-clockwise direction, the inner band 76 will take on the drum 15, and exert sufficient traction on the arm. 77, to move this arm. upwards (fig. 18) in antogonism to the action of the res-

 <Desc / Clms Page number 24>

 comes out 75 and, consequently, to contract the band 27 to dilate
 EMI24.1
 the 26 t band; with this result that the drive shaft rotates counterclockwise.

   If, on the other hand, the control arm 78 is moved in the direction of the hands of a watch (fig. 18), the
 EMI24.2
 tone of band '7 on arm 77, exercised normally' mE 'Constantly, will stop s8' (s6Jl.ui1 'and spring 75 will aspirate to make shaft G2 oscillate clockwise êl Ill; ,!:, shows, with this result that the band of 3G will be contracted, and that the band ± 7 will engage with the corresponding drum. Then, the shaft of o 01 Jl, 1111tl. (- 1 'to arne clockwise.

   At any time, if it seems that there are excessive losses by friction, due to the too strong hold-
 EMI24.3
 te exerted by the bands ± 6 and ± 7 on their respective drums, or if there is a loosening of the bands, resulting from the vibrations produced between the tightened position of one of the bands and the tightened position of the other, one can turn the worm 72 by the adjustable screw provided to perform the precisely wanted of the band.
 EMI24.4
 



  In order to develop his invention in its various forms, the inventor had in mind the use of friction bands having various dimensions, various conformations and having general differences in their construction.



  In the embodiments of the invention which have been described, the bands which have been shown and described comprise metal bands with linings of a material such as cork. However, the invention is in no way limited. to any particular type, or to any particular friction band construction, or to any raw material, and the invention includes
 EMI24.5
 the use of any strip which is sufficient to fill the

 <Desc / Clms Page number 25>

 desired conditions.

   For example, the continuous metal strip can be replaced by a series of interconnected sections, the strip can be helical-shaped instead of ring-shaped, it can be a tension strip instead of a strip compression, and it can be made of any material or blind or unlined, if desired.



   By way of example, a servo-mechanism employing a helical type of band is shown in figs. 21 to 24 inclusive. In this case, the control shaft 13d is mounted in seats 82, is hollowed out to receive the control element 14d, and supports, so as to be able to turn, these drums 15d and 16d, Each of these drums is provided. a member 83 forming a circular bowl, which is rigidly fixed thereto, the opposite edges of these members being bevelled and toothed. An angle wheel 21d meshes with the teeth of the members 83 and, when it is rotated, causes the rotation of the drums in opposite directions.



   Between its spans, the control shaft is provided with a hub 13d '. to which is bolted an almost continuous ring 84, the periphery of this ring supporting a cylindrical member 85 having the same axis as the control shaft, and the internal surface of which is only a slight distance from the external friction surfaces , lined up drums.



  A helical band is housed between the drums and the cylinder 85. last mentioned, the. ends of this strip being fixed to des.rebords 86, adjustably fixed to the ends of cylinder 85 by screws 87, and the widened middle part of the strip being riveted, or. otherwise attached to the T-shaped end of the control arm 30d, which is integral with the control element 14d
The band is of a thickness which decreases to

 <Desc / Clms Page number 26>

 from its ends towards the median portion, that is to say from its driving ends to its control part.

   Although it is of a continuo structure, this band actually functions as two bands, and for this reason the part which is to the right of the control arm 30d (fig. 21) and denoted by 26d and that which is located to the left of the control arm 30d is denoted by 27d,. Of course, the rotation of the control member 14d 'in one direction will cause the strip portion 26d to contract and the strip portion to expand. 27d. and the rotation in the opposite direction will reverse this action of the bands. the web portion 26d being contracted, the drum 15d is engaged, and the result is a rotation of the cylinder 85 and the control shaft 13d in the same direction; the cylinder being rigidly connected to the control shaft.

   Rotation of member 14d in the opposite direction will cause belt portion 27d to engage, and rotation of the drive shaft in the reverse direction. Obviously, when the tape is too loose, no grip will occur when the control arm moves within the narrow limits in which it is desired to maintain the movements of the control shaft, and it is therefore necessary continuation of plans. an adjustment. By loosening the screws 87 and rotating the flanges 86, the band parts can be tightened or released at will, the screws passing through slots provided in the rebores for this purpose.



   In each of the embodiments of the invention which have been described so far, two drums rotating in opposite directions are provided. In some cases it may be advantageous to have only a single drum, continuously rotating in one direction, and for this

 <Desc / Clms Page number 27>

 reason has also been shown in FIGS. 25, 26 and 27, a construction in which the movement of a controller, in one or the other direction, can be effected by '. the energy taken from Him unique drum, the direction of rotation of which is invariable.

     The control shaft is, in this case indicated by 13e and the control element by 14e, the control element being inside the control shaft, which is hollow for this purpose, the control element being inside the control shaft. control arm 30e of the control element passing through the radial slot provided in the control shaft.



   There is only one single drum 15th, this drum being mounted so as to be able to turn on the control shaft, and being actuated by any source of energy.



  The drum is provided with an axial hub 26, the cylindrical outer surface of which has a friction surface.



  Two bands are shown which engage with: the large internal cylindrical friction surface of the drum, its bands being indicated by 26e and 27e. The driving end p of the belt 27e is pivotally mounted on one of the arms of an elbow lever 91 '', which is mounted to oscillate on a spindle 92 also protruding from the disc 91.

     the other arm of this bent lever is connected with the driving end of a friction band 93, this friction band 93, this band weighing around the small drum 26e1 and its control end being connected to the outer end of the control arm 30e,
The driving end P of the strip 26th is riveted to a pin 94, which protrudes laterally them on a disc or member 95, so as to, rotate freely on the 13th shaft, The control end of this band is pivotally connected to the outer end of a lever 96, the inner end of which is pivotally mounted on a pin 97,

 <Desc / Clms Page number 28>

 which also protrudes laterally on the disc 95.



  A spring 98, one end of which is connected to the lever 96, and the other end of which is connected to a pin 99, projecting from the disc 95, normally tension
 EMI28.1
 z, bring the control end of web 6e against the drum.



   The periphery of the disc 95 is toothed, and its teeth mesh with those of a small angle pinion 100 mounted
 EMI28.2
 ue way to be able to turn on fine fixed spindle law. Pinion 100 is also engaged with the teeth of a third disc 102, which is keyed to the driveshaft.



   At. during normal operation of the device, the
 EMI28.3
 band $ 263 due to the action of spring 98. is continuously in friction engagement with the drum, and the
 EMI28.4
 disc 95 is therefore requested to turn in the opposite direction - milking clockwise, (fig. P, 7). naturally, this disc is not directly connected to the control shaft, and the force which tends to rotate it is transmitted to the control shaft only through the intel. via the pinion lOC and the disc. 1U2, so that the force taken from the drum is finally applied to the control shaft deft.1l1J1ièrA to tend to rotate the connando shaft clockwise.

   This constant frictional force, tending to rotate the control shaft clockwise, is thwarted by the constant frictional force of the drive shaft.
 EMI28.5
 band 27e, which tends to rotate the drive shaft counterclockwise. The band of 93 continuously has a slight friction grip with
 EMI28.6
 drum P, 6'3 and belt 37G continuously have slight frictional contact with drum 15. Normally, the driving force exerted on the drive shaft in one direction is exactly equal, in magnitude, to engine effort in the other direction, and consequently the control shaft

 <Desc / Clms Page number 29>

 to remain stationary.



     'If the control arm 30e is moved in the direction of the needles of an upward direction, (fig. 26¯ the belt 96 will cease to contact the drum 26e1 with the result that the friction of the belt 27e against the Drum will become much less However, as the friction between belt 26e and drum 15e remains the same, the motor forces will no longer be balanced, and the shaft will be forced to rotate clockwise.



  If the control arm 30e is moved counterclockwise (fig. 26), the belt 93 will tighten the small drum 26e 'more tightly and the control end of the belt 27e will be. pushed against the main drum. As a result, a very considerable force will be taken from the main drum, and supplied to the disc 91 by the belt 27e. and the driving force thus produced will overcome the constant driving force transmitted to the shaft from the belt 26th. As a result, 1 $ shaft will rotate in an anti-clockwise direction (fig. 26).
A final embodiment of the invention, chosen to represent it, is the subject of Figures 28, 29 and 30.



  This form of mechanism is in some respects similar to that described and shown in Figures 25,26 and 27, but it does not include the use of a constant friction member bearing against the single drum, and replaces it with a second operable band. - by hand. The control shaft is designated by 13f, the control element by 14f and the single drum by 15f, these three members having a common axis, as in the other forms of the invention described above. The drive shaft and the control mechanism are supported in spans formed in a base or pedestal 103, and the drum is also supported by this base.

   We can provide means

 <Desc / Clms Page number 30>

 any suitable for rotating the drum in a direction which, for a mechanism constructed as shown in the figures, should be the direction of the arrows F of Figures 29 and 30
Two bands 26f and 27f are shown, the driving end of the band 27f being fixed to the outer end of an arm 104 integral with the control shaft 13f, and the driving end of the band 26f being fixed. to a pin 105 protruding laterally on a disc 106.

   This disc is mounted so as to rotate freely on a horizontal protrusion, forming a sleeve, of the base 103, which has the same axis as the drum and the control member. the periphery of the disc 106 is toothed, and its teeth mesh with those of the toothed wheel 107 mounted so as to be able to rotate on a spindle 108 fixed in the ring. 'A second disc 109 carries peripheral teeth which also mesh with the teeth of the angle wheel 107, the disc 109 being keyed to the shaft 13f,
From all of the above, it is apparent that the. Drive ends of the bands are connected to the control member in such a way that when one of the bands becomes active, it rotates the control member: - in one direction, and when;

   the other band becomes active, it turns the controller in the opposite direction.



     The control end of the strip 27f is connected to the outer end of a control arm 110, the inner end of which is fixed to the control element 14f The control end of the strip 26f is connected to the outer end. - 'ne of a control arm 111, and the internal end of this arm is fixed on one of the ends of a member They, in the form of a sleeve, which is supported so as to be able to turn, on the control element 14f.

   The sleeve 112 and the rod 14f are respectively provided with dtan-

 <Desc / Clms Page number 31>

 gle 113 and 114 facing each other, the teeth of these two wheels meshing with the teeth of an angle pinion 11 mounted so as to be able to rotate on a spindle 116 fixed in the frame. It is apparent that the control mechanism is so arranged that when the element 14f is rotated in one direction, one of the bands will expand and the other will contract, and if the element 14f is rotated in the opposite direction, it is the first band which will contract, and the second which will expand.



   The embodiment of the invention which has just been described provides a compact and satisfactory method of obtaining an unlimited rotation of a control member, in one or the other direction, by energy. coming from a drum turning one direction only, one could design and construct other mechanisms to perform the same functions, i.e. to allow an operator to obtain a continuous rotation of a drive shaft from of a motor unit having only one direction of rotation.

   In the event that the continuous rotation of the actuator in both directions is not necessary, or is not desirable, the servo-mechanism can be considerably simplified without it ceasing to fulfill its main purpose. , which consists in providing a mechanism by which an operator can manipulate a machine offering a great resistance to movement, by) a motive force, but always under the complete control, direct or indirect, of the operator, not only with regard to the exact speed of the movement, but also with regard to its exact amplitude.



   In any form of the apparatus, the control shaft cannot transmit to the body to be manipulated, or to the mechanism to be actuated, a force greater than that which is communicated to the servo-mechanism by the motor member, more,

 <Desc / Clms Page number 32>

 naturally, the relatively small force that the operator, or the control motor, exerts on the control element. However, within the limits of the aircraft's capability, the effect of control is instantaneous, with the commando shaft immediately following in its movements the movements of the control element, and the range of motion of the control shaft. command is exactly that of the control element.

   The speed of rotation of the control shaft is equal to the speed of rotation of the control member, so that the mechanism provides a means of operating the control shaft at any desired speed, and at any desired angle, and to apply, through the control shaft, a force which is many times greater than that applied to the control element.



   The noting force used to actuate the drum (s) may be derived from any suitable source. A constantly rotating shaft can be used as a motive force source, but this shaft need not be continuously rotating, provided that it rotates while it is called upon to provide motive force.



  The drums must not rotate continuously at the same speed, the mechanism operating at full speed up to the speed of the drums, provided that the bands take sufficient driving force from the drums to actuate the control member, regardless of the exact speed of the drums and provided of course that sufficient engine power is available. the first realization of. mechanism, complete synchronous amplifier control, chosen as an example, is shown in Figures 31 and 32, In this case the rolls arranged horizontally, of a rolling mill train

 <Desc / Clms Page number 33>

 are indicated by 120 and 121 respectively.

   Although only two of these rollers are shown, it is understood that similar rollers are arranged either directly above or directly below those shown, and rotate in the opposite direction to those shown, and that these rollers are spaced so as to press on opposite sides of an object or workpiece passing through the rolling mill.



   A motor producing the motive power is indicated at 122, and it is understood that this motor may be either an electric motor or another motor of any suitable type. Its shaft, motor 123 carries three fixed gears, the first of which, the pinion 124, meshes with a return pinion 125, which in turn meshes with a
 EMI33.1
 larger sprocket 126 attached to the roller. 130. The roller 120 is therefore actuated directly by the motor at all times.



  A second pinion 127 carried by the shaft 123, meshes with the teeth formed on the periphery of a drum 128 mounted so as to be able to turn on the drive shaft
 EMI33.2
 129 of a simple type servo-mechanical unit. On the drive shaft 129 is attached a pinion 130, which meshes with a pinion 131 attached to the roller 131. The roller 121
 EMI33.3
 is therefore driven by the motor 122, but through the servo-rnéc; anisrno instead of being directly.
 EMI33.4
 



  A third pinion 152t which is an angle pinion is mounted on the end of shaft 12, and this pinion meshes with a second angle pinion 133 attached to the end of a shaft 12; short shaft IJ4. The opposite end of shaft 134 carries a disc 135, preferably
 EMI33.5
 lined with friction material. A friction wheel 136 bears against the latter disc, this friction wheel being mounted on the control element 137 of the aarvo-mechanism. The control arm 138 of the control mechanism,

 <Desc / Clms Page number 34>

 which is integral with the control element, carries the ex-
 EMI34.1
 The control unit C has a plain friction strip 139 which is arranged to engage the inner face of the friction drum lZ8.

   The driving end, 1> of the friction drum is connected to a control arm 140 integral with the control member 129.



   The friction wheel 136 is mounted with tabs and
 EMI34.2
 grooves on the control element 137, in such a way that it can move axially along the control elements, by the insertion of an adjustment device, part of which 141 has arms which extend on the opposite sides of the disc and almost touch the latter, and a threaded rod 142, which can be operated by hand, to move this organ forward or backward.



   The rotation of the motor shaft 123 in the direction of the junction A results in the rotation of the rollers.
 EMI34.3
 120 and 121 in the direction of arrows B-B, the roller 120 being actuated directly, and the roller 121 being actuated through the servo-mechanism, as explained above. The friction drum 128 is continuously rotated by the pinion
 EMI34.4
 137, in the direction of arrow D.

   However, the ZI6 control element 137 is also rotated in the same direction, by the friction wheel 136, so that the control end C of the friction belt is engaged with the drum and that the band takes energy from this drum which it transmits to the
 EMI34.5
 c; command 129 of the servo-mechanism. The speed of rotation of the roller 121 is regulated by the action of the control element 137.

   By moving the friction wheel away from the axis of rotation of the friction disc 135, the rotational speed of the control member can be increased, and hence the rotational speed of the roller 121 can be increased.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 35>

 by moving the friction wheel 126 towards the axis of rotation of the disc 135, the rotational speed of Insulation-control and, consequently, the rotational speed of the drum 121, can be reduced,
An apparatus which has just been described will be useful in that it will regulate the rotational speeds of the sets of rolls of a rolling mill so that it will prevent a body or object passing through the rolling mill from being bent. or "missed". between the two sets of rollers, and that it will also prevent excessive tension.



   Figure 33 shows a mechanism of a very simple type for raising or lowering a barrel from a remote point. The barrel is indicated at 115 and it is mounted so as to rotate on horizontal journals 146. A toothed sector 147 is integral with the barrel, the teeth of this sector meshing with those of a pinion 148 mounted to rotate. on a fixed axis. The pinion 148 is integral with a helical wheel 149 which meshes with a worm 150 carried by the end of the control member 151 of a servo-mechanism of the type with two drums.



   The drums of this servo-mechanism turn rapidly, in opposite directions, under. the action of a motor 152, ± the control element 153 of the servomechanism is integral with the rotor alum motor saltsyn 154, which is connected, by suitable electrical conductors 155, to a second motor syn156 located at a separate point. such as the pointing chamber of a fire control station. Movement of the rotor of motor 156 results in synchronous movements of the rotor of motor 154. and consequently a synchronous movement of the element of (,; control 153 of the servo-mechanism.

   The movement of the control member 151 of this mechanism is in synchronism with the

 <Desc / Clms Page number 36>

 
 EMI36.1
 movement of its control element, and as the control element is capable of exerting an energy which is many times greater than that which has been imparted to the control element (and the mechanism
 EMI36.2
 will be set in each case so as to provide an ample amount of energy to achieve this result), the barrel may be lowered or raised freely.



   If the barrel is large, the servo-mechanism can amplify the energy of the. saltsyn motor 10,000 times and more, and for an amplification of energy so cons
 EMI36.3
 sidPra'h7¯e, one can use a form similar to that shown in figures 16 to 20, that is to say a mechanism having several degrees of amplification, or several
 EMI36.4
 servo-mechanisms used in series.



  A simple form of amplified control mechanism ::1't;ew. ' synchronous is shown in Figure 34. In this case, the core. 160 of a solenoid 161 is connected to the control end C of the friction band 16Z. This band passes around a drum 163 (it is trained
 EMI36.5
 in the direction of the arrow Stepping An electric motor 16, and the driving end r of the strip is connected to one end of a lever 165 pivotally mounted. The opposite end of this lever is sector-shaped, and it is provided with teeth which mesh with those of a pinion 166.

   Pinion 166 may in turn actuate any desired form of control mechanism, such as a damper or regulator. The fuel The core 160 of the solenoid will move downward, as the magnetic attraction of the solenoid increases, due to the increased intensity of the current which
 EMI36.6
 The friction belt will then come into engagement with the rotating drum, and the control member 165 will therefore be actuated. A spring 167 opposes

 <Desc / Clms Page number 37>

 at. downward movement of the nucleus and tends to make it assume a definite position for any given intensity of current passing through the solenoid.



  A second spring 168, acting on the control member
165, returned the controller when the traction on the belt ceases.



   The current passing through the solenoid can come from any suitable source. For example, the mechanism shown can be applied to an installation of steam boilers, such that the core. 160 prizes move in synchronism with fluctuations in the pressure of the boilers. In one such case, pinion 166 can adjust the flow of air to the combustion chamber or grate, or. well it can regulate other matter the fuel feed.



   Instead of using an electromagnetic control motor, such as the one shown in fig. S4, a pressure engine of the bellows type can be used.



  An arrangement of this kind is shown in FIG. 35, figure which also shows a servo-mechanism of a type capable of moving the control member in one or the other direction, that is to say a servo-mechanism of the type shown in Figures 1 to 8 of drawings.

   The pressure motor has a bellows 170, and a fluid conduit 171 is provided to conduct steam or. pressurized air from a boiler or pressurized air chamber inside the bellows *
The lower end of the. bellows is stationary, but its upper end rises and falls with: the pressure variations which occur there. At this upper end is fixed a rack 17 engaging with the pinion 173 fixed to the end of the element.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 38>

 
 EMI38.1
 17-i control:

   of the servo-mechanism, which is generally indicated by S. A spring 175 can be provided, such as is generally employed with devices
 EMI38.2
 bellows sitifs of the kind shown Itextréraité sapé- x'ieure of this spring bearing against a fixed stop 176.



  The control organ 177 of the sorvo-mechanism (which mecanismp is supplied (5 with motive force by a motor 178) carries, fixed on it, an angle pinion 179, the teeth of which mesh with aiT (; 0 those cl flm sector 180 mounted to rotate on a fixed shaft 181. An arm 182 descends
 EMI38.3
 dant of sector 180 is connected by a connecting rod 183 'to tzn register l8 - i:

   mounted in a duct 185 through which passes, for example, the air supplying the hearth of a boiler. By means (the mechanism just described, one can easily obtain the automatic control of the register, or the control of the fuel supply, although, as can be seen, the energy consumption of the mo -
 EMI38.4
 Control factor that is to say 'da sufferer 170 may be very low. Furthermore, the response of the mechanism to the movement of the bellows is instantaneous, and for each position of the rack 172, the register will have a corresponding unique position.



   Figures 36 & 37 show another form of synchronous amplifier control mechanism.



  In this case, the motor (the control is also an expandable bellows 190, in which the pressurized fluid
 EMI38.5
 is anr'né by a 00ncillit 191. The expansion or contraction of the. bellows, in, antagonism to the action of the spring 19 or 00! 1t; u'l'rer :: llllent therewith, results in the ctiurie movement of the operating rod 193. At the end of this operating rod is connected to a pivot a sleeve 194 which is threaded and inside which is screwed the end of a rod 195. The rod 195 is integral with a hub

 <Desc / Clms Page number 39>

 
196, which supports the two radial rods 197 and the arms 198. On the rods 197 slide the wedge-shaped members 199, urged outwardly by springs. 200.

   Rollers 201 and 202 rotating in seats fixed to the friction discs 203 and
204. press against the oblique faces of the corners, and tend to push them inward. If pressure comes from one side only on each corner, the friction exerted on the rods prevents any movement of the. corner, but if both friction discs press simultaneously, pressure will be applied to the corners on both sides. The friction on the rod will try to be felt, and the wedges will move inward, antagonizing the pressure exerted by the springs.



   If the pressure simultaneously ceases to be felt on all the corners, the springs will push the wedges outwards. This automatically co-enlarges the vibrations and the excess pressure, but a slight pressure is always maintained, which presses the corners. friction members against their conical seats in the drums 205 and 206 The friction members 203 to 204 have projecting pins on opposite points of their internal faces, these pins engaging with holes in the arms 198, so so that the friction discs can move freely along the axis. but are kept in engagement, for rotation, with the arms 198 and the shaft 195.

   Drums 205 & 206 are driven in opposite directions by continuously rotating motor 207 through the pinions. 208 and of the idler gear 209 meshing with teeth cut in the outer periphery of the drums 205 and 206

 <Desc / Clms Page number 40>

 
If we move the rod 195 towards the. right, the disc 203 will be pushed back into frictionally engagement with the drum 205, and will rotate with the latter, this rotation causing the shaft 195 to turn, the direction of the rotation being such that the rod that the rod 195 screws into the sleeve 194, and is thus pulled to the left, and the friction disc 203 ceases to be in friction engagement with the drum 205.

   If rod 195 moves to the left, disc 204 rotates in the opposite direction, and by intersecting with threaded sleeve 194, disc 204 ceases to be in friction engagement. In this way, only the longitudinal movements of the rod 193 will move the friction discs from their normal neutral position and cause them to rotate back to this neutral position.

   The rod 195 carries at its right end the flexible coupling 210, allowing 195 to move freely by end, but transmitting its rotation to the pinion. 211 Any longitudinal position of the rod 193 is thus represented by a defined angular position of the pinion 211 and the rotation of the pinion 211 will be performed with considerable driving force, while the rod 193 will require only a small amount of driving force to move the friction discs into or out of gear. : Pinion 211 can be attached to any mechanism, the movement of which must follow any movement printed at 193.



   As explained above, the friction bands which can be employed in the servo-mechanisms shown can be of different designs and constructions. However, in servo-mechanisms employing more than one band, it is always preferable that the belt which is innermost or band of the primary be of very light construction. The figure

 <Desc / Clms Page number 41>

 
38 shows a belt which has given particularly good results in practice, owing to its extremely low weight and high strength. The band comprises a series of parts 220, forming a channel, placed end to end, and pivotally connected to each other by light cross members 221.

   Inside each piece 220 is fixed a block. in, cork 222 whose faces of. friction 223 are cylindrically curved so that when the strip is wound around the drum with which it cooperates, the friction faces of the cork blocks are contiguous with the friction faces of the drum. A belt of this type, capable of withstanding under tension a weight of 6 to 7 kilos, will weigh only 450 grams for a length of more than 60 mts.



   The band shown in Figure 38 is. Naturally, intended to be wound around a drum, and as in many cases it may be advantageous to have a light internally expanding strip, such a strip has also been perfected, which is shown in Figure 39. In this case, the aluminum sections are slightly curved plates, indicated by 225, and the cork blocks are attached to the convex surfaces of these plates.

   The ends of the plates are turned inwards, and the adjacent ends are joined together by one or more rivets 226 This strip is also of great resistance, compared to its little weight, and it is particularly suitable for types of servo mechanisms in which internal expansion bands must be used.



   Other types of synchronous amplifier control mechanisms include servo-mechanisms which are not due. wrap-around friction type, are shown in diagrams in Figures 40,41 & 42.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 42>

 



  In figure 40, 230 denotes a continuous belt
 EMI42.1
 which runs on pulleys 331 with the belt moving constantly in the direction of arrow A under the influence of any suitable external source of motive force. The friction shoe 232 is arranged to bear against the belt, and to push back the latter
 EMI42.2
 against a fixed plate 2JJ. The shoe is supported by a suitable system which includes knee pads 334 & 235
 EMI42.3
 linked together with a pivot at 236. The lever 335 porto to so: i. outer end an roller 237, which comes against a bu.-: teo,; 8. The shoe 232 and the roller 237 are connected by connecting rods? 39 to the lever arms 240 '& 841.

   The adjacent ends of these lever arms are in the form of sectors and provided with teeth, the teeth of the two sectors engaging with each other. The rotation of levers 240 & 241 at
 EMI42.4
 turn anus axes ec 34: 3 has the effect of vertical movement of the connecting rods 239, and consequently, a vertical movement of
 EMI42.5
 driven amplitude of shoe S33 and roller 237. The roller z37 is thus always placed exactly opposite the friction shoe 232. pivot 236 which connects the levers to each other.
 EMI42.6
 noodle 234 & 2 "5 is also connected by a t-4qd rod to a thermostat 245 supported on a base 246.

   It results from this device that a downward movement of the rod
232
 EMI42.7
 Zut serves to press the shoe 23 against the stopper to cause a friction grip which, in turn, acts to pull the connecting rods 239 downward, until the frictional force disappears. Of course, an upward movement of rod 244 results in the elimination of the normal frictional grip between the shoe and the shoe.
 EMI42.8
 belt, and when this movement occurs, a spring 47 acts to rotate the levers 340 and 21, and therefore to raise the connecting rods 238.

   In this manner, any movement of rod 244 is immediately followed by

 <Desc / Clms Page number 43>

 a corresponding movement of the levers 240 and 241. The lever 241 is provided, at its outer end, with an opening allowing a mechanism or device to be attached to it, the operation of which must be thermostatically controlled. One can, for example, connect to this lever another lever, as indicated at 248, and this last lever can actuate a register 249 placed in a pipe 250 naturally.

   as a result of the servo = intermediate mechanism, the weak motive force of the thermostat is greatly amplified, so that the damper or other device can be moved freely, even if its operation requires considerable fine force, or if it is thwarted by relatively large retarding forces.



   A final example of a synchronous amplifier mechanism in which the servo-mechanism employed does not act in accordance with the principle of enveloping friction is shown in figures 41 and 42. In this case, the shaft 255 tends to rotate in one direction by some suitable device, such as, for example, a weight 256 which is suspended by a cable 257, the upper end of which passes around the shaft and is finally attached to it at 258 Spaced parallel discs 259 & 260 are mounted on the shaft, on which they can rotate freely, the peripheries of these discs being toothed and their teeth meshing with those of the pinion 261 rigidly mounted on a drive shaft 262. the motor shaft is rotated,

   in any suitable manner, in the direction of the arrow A and therefore both friction discs be rotated in the direction of the arrows B and at equal speeds.



   The shaft S55 is hollowed out following the axis, to receive the control shaft 263 ot it is grooved at an intermediate point between the discs, to allow the passage of the control arm 264, integral with the shaft or. el-

 <Desc / Clms Page number 44>

   ment of control. The outer end of the control arm
264 is enlarged and, shown in fig. 41, it is wedge-shaped. The inclined surfaces facing this wedge-shaped member, which is indicated at 265, constitute bearing surfaces for anti-friction rollers 266, mounted so as to be rotatable on friction shoes 267. and 268.

   The above-mentioned shoes come into friction with the discs 259 and 260, the internal faces of which constitute flat friction surfaces. Each shoe is provided with a transverse opening and rod 269, which is rigidly fixed to the outer end of an arm; 270, integral with the shaft 255, extends in these two aligned recesses.



   The rotation of the control element 263 in the direction of the arrow C forces the wedge 265 to exert forces on the friction shoes, tending to separate them, that is to say, tending to push them back. shoes against the friction surfaces of the rotating discs.



  It is clear that when the friction shoes are in engagement with the respective disks, a very considerable amount of energy will be taken from these disks by the shoes, and through arm 270, by rotating the shaft. 255 in antagonism to the action of the weight 256. The movement of the control element in the opposite direction naturally stops the friction between the slugs and the discs, and allows the weight 256 to rotate. 'tree 255 in the same direction.

   The control shaft 255 (to which any suitable mechanism can be connected to actuate), therefore immediately follows these movements, the movements of the control element 263 and the angles and rotational speeds of the element. control and drive shaft will be equal.



   The control motor represented here for the automatic operation of the control element comprises

 <Desc / Clms Page number 45>

 a speed regulator generally indicated by S, this regulator being of the well-known centrifugal type.



   Governor shaft 271 can be controlled by any machine the speed of which it is desired to automatically control, and control shaft 255 can be connected to a valve which controls the supply of working fluid to the machine. The movement of the collar 272, (it slides on the regulator shaft as the regulator spheres rise and fall, is transmitted to the control element 263 by a lever 274 pivoting at 275, One of the ends of this lever extends in a groove of the collar 272, and its opposite end is provided with a rack sector 276 whose teeth mesh with the teeth of a pinion 277.

   fixed on the control element. By means of the mechanism shown, fully automatic control of a machine can be achieved, even if the valve register or other device controlling the actual movement of the machine requires a much greater amount of energy to operate than that of the machine. which can be developed by the regulating mechanism in normal operation.



   The last embodiment of the synchronous amplifier control mechanism, shown by way of example, is given by Figures 43 & 44. In this case, the principles of the invention are used for the design and construction of a clockwork mechanism of the type used for lathes. Clocks of this type are generally large in size, and the hands are sometimes several meters in length and are very heavy.

   Furthermore, these needles are generally exposed to the air, so that in winter they become covered with ice or snow, which further increases their weight. Of course, a special kind of clockwork mechanism must be employed to manipulate or rotate the hands, and

 <Desc / Clms Page number 46>

   Inexperience has shown that clockwork movements intended for tower clocks can only function for short periods, without having to be regulated or repaired.
 EMI46.1
 



  The principle represented in figures 43 and 44 is for the most part a diagram, and it is of course
 EMI46.2
 trnda that the construction and arrangement of the various components can be changed considerably to ensure a compact end. The minute axis of the JiQr- loge is indexed at 280, the minute hand at S8'l and the hour hand at 8û..minate axis and the hour sleeve S84 being interconnected by the 'usual reduction gear from 12 to 1, indicated in a
 EMI46.3
 general by &.

   On the minute charge is attached a drum 285 around which are wound a number of turns of a cable 386, at one end of which the weight is saspened at 37, the opposite end of the cable being secured to the drum. It is understood that the minâtes axis is supported in appropriate spans, although these spans are not shown.



     The posterior end of the minute axis extends
 EMI46.4
 pu through G (1 T l, nr central opening made in a fixed bracket G80 disc-shaped, in which a ùltV0ti'f 'is provided to form an internal cylindrical friction surface L8, ", o1l0ontl'Í (la8 to l 'minute axis.



  On the internal end of the axis of the minâtes is fixed a
 EMI46.5
 arm 2l> u, arranged radially, and at. outer end to which is connected the driving end P of a friction band 291 which may be similar to those described elsewhere in this specification. The control end
C of this friction strip is connected to the outer end
 EMI46.6
 an S9S arm, arranged l "1dialempnt, and fixed on an axis

 <Desc / Clms Page number 47>

 
293 having the same axis as the minute axis 280 291 denotes a pendulum which is suspended by a point situated in a vertical plane passing through the counter of the minute axis.

   An escape wheel is indicated at 295 Any suitable escape mechanism may be interposed between the pendulum and the escape wheel, and in the drawings this escape mechanism is generally indicated. by E. The exhaust shaft 296 is connected by a suitable gear to the axis 293 A tension spring, shown in figure 44 and designated by 297 is connected by its ends to the outer ends of arms 290 arranged radially, and tends, during operation of the device, to titce these arms towards each other and thus to contract the friction band.



   The weight 287 naturally tends to rotate the minute charge in the direction of the arrows A, and the force of gravity exerted by this weight constitutes the only operating force of the mechanism. It is clear that the axis of the minâtes would rotate rapidly, due to the traction of the weight, without the braking effect exerted by the band 291. The band 291 could also not exert a braking effect if the band 291 The control end of this band was not delayed by the pendulum and the associated mechanism, and connected to this end of the band.



   The small tension spring 297 constantly tends to pull the control end of the belt away from the friction surface 289 and thereby completely eliminate the necessary braking effect. However, the movement of the control arm 292 in the direction of arrow A, under the influence of. spring 297, is only permitted intermittently, at intervals of seconds, due to the regulating action of the pendulum, and furthermore the amplitude of the angular movement of this arm is exactly controlled.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 48>

   the (, by the said pendulum. In other words, although the tension spring 297 exerts a constant force on the control arm 292.

   the action of the pendulum is such that only intermittent movement occurs, step by step. We see that the movement of. The control arm, at a small angle, under the influence of the spring 297 instantly disengages the tape from the friction surface of the drum, and this movement will be followed immediately by a movement of the arm 290 over the same distance angular.



    Thus, during the operation of the mechanism, the two arms 290 and 292 move by an intermittent movement, step by step, around the center of the minute axis, which is also actuated in this way to advance the minute hand. and consequently the hour hand, in the known manner. the tension of the spring 297 remains essentially constant during the whole cycle of the movement of the breaks 2980 and 292, due to the fact that the angular relation of these arms does not varies only in Him very weak degree, and that after these variations, the primitive relation is immediately reestablished.



   Means should be provided to raise the weight from time to time, and if desired, the control arm 292 may be actuated by an ordinary clockwork mechanism by taking a spring weight or an electric drive from a any kind. It can therefore be seen that in this embodiment of the invention, the servo-mechanism which is included therein is of the nature of a brake which retards the action of the motor, rather than of the nature of a clutch which establishes a control connection between a motor and .. 'member to be actuated. Further, it is apparent that the check engine is of a different nature from those which have been described in the foregoing exemplary forms of the invention.

   In fact, it has a regulator, but does not direct energy from

 <Desc / Clms Page number 49>

 from a source other than the mechanism motor.



   It will be noted that the servomechanisms described here belong to two general classes, one in which the shaft or control member is forced to execute its movements by frictional engagement of members connected to it. with friction surfaces actuated by a driving force, type which will be referred to hereinafter under the name of "type of drive", the other, in which the shaft or actuator has a strong tendency to fall. moving, but is prevented from doing so by the frictionally gripping bodies connected with it, with friction surfaces, and which will hereafter be referred to as the "delay type".



  In both cases, of course, the friction is controlled by a control organ, the control organ of which follows the movements. In the drive-type mechanism, the friction member controlled by fine motive force must always move at a speed greater than the speed at which it is desired to move the control member. In the time-delayed type, the fruition member may be stationary, as described above, but small however to rotate, being driven by an external driving force; however, its speed if it moves in the same direction as the control member, must always be less than the speed of this control member.

   However, if it is moving in the opposite direction, it can move at any speed. In certain cases, a moving retarder member has certain advantages. If it moves in the opposite direction, it is useful for controlling very slow movements, for making the control easier, and especially for taking advantage of a property of certain friction materials, to allow control. delicate by a simple mechanism.

   It has been found that with cork, a high surface speed considerably increases the coeffi-

 <Desc / Clms Page number 50>

 owing to friction and consequently accentuates the effects of friction, by the use of an enveloping friction member * it is possible to obtain a force ratio of 40 to 1 on the two.

   ends of the belt at faulty speeds, while at very high speeds, reaching several thousand revolutions per minute for a one-inch drum, force ratios exceeding 1000 to 1 can be obtained. do friction moving in the same direction as the actuator, but at a lower speed, also has advantages, especially for uses requiring large amounts of energy, because the energy losses by friction and the heat developed are less than if the organ were fixed.

   If the organ consists of a drum moved by a transmission, for example, it is obvious that instead of absorbing energy from the transmission, it gives it back, In many cases of control, it is necessary to use a servo = mechanism having several phases, in order to obtain the motor effort or the necessary power ratios. It is obvious that one could use a delayed type in one case, and a drive type in the other,

       or. which could be used for a particular case, a delay type with friction member moving in the same direction as the control or in an opposite direction, and for another case, any other type. There are thus, with a two-phase servo-mechanism, sixteen different combinations which are possible, each having particular advantages for certain uses, while with three phases there are sixty-four different types, and and so on.



   By the term "motor" as used in the present description, it is to be understood some form of apparatus capable of providing mechanical power, without limiting the nature of the original source of energy.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 51>

 



   The motor may consist of elements which are normally at rest, but which are capable of providing mechanical energy when requested (for example certain types of hydraulic motors, spring motors and motors acting by gravity), also iaien that of the engines of a. more common type comprising elements one of which is normally in motion (electric motors, steam engines, etc.). The terms "control motor" and "en orgy motor are used only to differentiate between their functions, the function of the last named motor being in general to provide the main part of the energy required by the control organ. control, and the function of the control motor being to control the supply of energy.

   In some cases the control motor may receive mechanical energy from the energy motor, as shown in Figures 31 and 43, while in other cases the control and control motors. energy can have entirely different sources of primitive energy.



   By the term "automatic means" is meant the particular types of control moteuts (which are sensitive to changes in the physical or chemical conditions of any body with which they are associated, or which indicate, measure or calculate changes. in the position or in the speed of these bodies.



   By the term "single" as used herein, it is meant to indicate that for any position of a movable element of the control motor or automatic means, there is one and only one corresponding position of the control motor. control organ.


    

Claims (1)

CLAIMS 1. Synchronous amplifier control mechanism, in which the motor effect transmitted from a driving force producing member to a driven member, through the intermediary of an enveloping friction member, capable of engaging with the producing member energy 'over the entire length of that is determined by the driving force applied to a control member or rotary operating member. 2. Synchromic amplifier control mechanism, in which the driving force of an energy-producing device is transmitted to a controlled member, by the intervention of an enveloping friction member, arranged to engage with the energy-producing organ, in substance over the entire length thereof, in synchronism with the motepr force applied to a control device or rotary operating organ. 3. Synchronous amplifying control mechanism, comprising a clutch or brake arranged to maintain normally stationary, a rotating control shaft and an operating member, arranged to control the brake clutch and cause or allow a transmission. energy to the driven shaft from an energy source having the same axis as the operating organ and the driven shaft, or one of the two. 4. Synchromic amplifier control mechanism, comprising a clutch or intermediate brake between a continuously rotating motor shaft, and a controlled shaft, and a rotating operating member, engaging with said clutch or brake, by which the movement of said ordered shaft is. synchronously with the movement of the operating organ, the motor shaft having the same axis as the operating organ and the driven shaft, or as one of the two. <Desc / Clms Page number 53> 5, Amplifier synehrome control mechanism, according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the operating member is arranged to actuate the friction member, so as to cause or allow the rotation of the control shaft in the same direction as the motor unit or in reverse. 6. Synchronous amplifier control mechanism. comprising a motor shaft which is associated with a controlled member arranged to "be driven by the intervention of friction devices acting in the opposite direction, and whose respective actions are capable of being controlled by a rotary control member. 7. Synchromic amplifier control mechanism, comprising a motor shaft which is capable of acting on a controlled member, disturbing by varying the action of one of the two friction devices acting in the opposite direction. 8. Synohromic amplifier control mechanism, comprising a controlled shaft, which can be rotated in two directions by the intervention respectively of a device acting to apply a constant motor or friction force and of a device. with variable friction, under the control of a rotating operating device. 9. Synohromic amplifier control mechanism, characterized by the fact that it comprises a control member, friction devices which alternately take energy from members moving in the opposite direction, and means for transmitting the energy of one or the other of the friction devices to the control member, this device automatically preventing the development of opposing forces, simultaneously in the two friction devices. <Desc / Clms Page number 54> 10. Synchronous amplifier control mechanism, characterized by the fact that it comprises a single drum, capable of rotating in only one direction, a control member, and a mechanism for frictionally linking the drum to the control member, to rotate this control member in one direction or the other. 11. Synchronous amplifier control mechanism, characterized in that it comprises an operating element or a motor arranged to actuate a friction device or the like, to mechanically connect a source of motive force to a control member, for the operation. - ment of said organ, in each direction, over a distance proportional to the displacement of the element. 12. Synchronous amplifier control mechanism, according to claim 11, characterized in that the device actuated by the control element is capable of maintaining the connection between the source of motive force and the control member, only during that a force is exerted on the control element. 13. Synchronous amplifier control mechanism, according to claim 11, characterized in that the device actuated by the control element comprising dexx friction members, one of which becomes active when the control element is moved in one direction, and the other of which becomes active when the control element is moved in the opposite direction. , ,, 14. A synchromic amplifier control mechanism, according to claim 11, which comprises two members arranged near a control member and arranged to be driven by a source of energy in opposite directions, two friction members connected to / said control member, each of these friction members being associated with one of the members driven by the driving force <Desc / Clms Page number 55> and being capable of being brought into frictional engagement with this member and a control element to which these two friction members are also connected, said control element being arranged to oscillate about a fixed axis, the oscillation in a direction causing the friction member to engage, with the corresponding controlled member, and the oscillation in the opposite direction causing the second friction member to engage with the corresponding controlled member 15. Synchromatic amplifier control mechanism, according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a friction strip, one end of which is connected to a control member, its other end to a control element and that it has a friction surface engaging a rotating member, driven by a motive force. when moving the control element in a certain direction * 16, Synohromic amplifier control mechanism, according to claim 15 characterized in that the friction band is eccentrically connected, at one end, to the rotary control members. 17. Synchronous amplifier control mechanism, according to claim 1, for actuating a member performing work by manual energy, supplemented by energy from another source, characterized in that it comprises a control element actuated by hand, a control member, a rotary member, driven by a driving stuffing and an enveloping friction member, capable of being actuated by said control element to take energy from the member actuated by a motive force and supply this energy to the controller. 18 Synchronous amplifier control mechanism, according to claim 1, characterized in that it <Desc / Clms Page number 56> comprises a drum arranged to be rotated, by a driving force, about a fixed axis, and having a cylindrical friction surface, a flexible friction member, one end of which is connected to the control member and is capable of being brought into contact along the entire length, with the friction surface of the drum, and a rotary member operable by hand, connected to the other end of the friction member, to control the latter- 19. Synchronous amplifier control mechanism, according to claim 3, characterized in that it includes two rotary members having friction surfaces concentric with the axis of the rotary control shaft, motor devices for rotating said members in opposite directions, a friction band associated with each of the rotary members, and one of the ends of which is connected to the control member, and a rotary control shaft having the same axis as the drive shaft. control, to which the free ends of said strips are connected. 20. Synchronous amplifier control mechanism, according to claim 19, characterized in that the control shaft has a transverse arm fixed above and to which are fixed two spaced parallel annular members, said annular members being arranged concentrically. relative ', to the control shaft ,, to the control shaft, and to the friction surfaces, and the free ends of the friction bands being fixed to said annular members. 21. Mechanism according to claim 11, characterized in that it comprises two members driven by a driving force, arranged to move in opposite directions, a friction member associated with each driving member, means being able to be actuated at the same time. hand, to bring the friction members into engagement alternately <Desc / Clms Page number 57> with the respective driving members, and means connecting each friction member to the control member, for the transmission of the driving force, these means comprising a device for preventing the friction members from coming into simultaneous engagement with the driving members, dying in the opposite direction, to a degree which would result in the development of antagonistic forces, simultaneously in the two friction members. 22, Synchronous amplifier control mechanism, according to claim 9 or Si, characterized in that the means for transmitting the driving force from one of the friction devices or members to the control member, comprise a stopper which transmits energy when one of these friction members is actually engaged, but not when these two members engage simultaneously with the corresponding driven members. 23 Synchronous amplifier control mechanism, next; Claim 22. characterized in that the stop moves to release the two friction members from their engagement with the driven member, when both become active simultaneously. 24. Synchronous amplifier control mechanism, according to claim 21, characterized in that it comprises a stop mounted to slide on a guide extending radially and fixed to the control member, the said control member. stopper having side surfaces inclined in the opposite direction, driven members movable normally to said guide, a friction device or band associated with each of the members driven by a driving force, the driving end of each of these friction devices abutting against one of the inclined faces of the stop member, the arrangement being such that the stop member remains stationary when one or other of the devices <Desc / Clms Page number 58> friction is actually engaged, but will yield inwardly when these two devices simultaneously engage with the corresponding driven members. 25. Synchronous amplifier control mechanism, sui = vant claim 24 wherein the stop member is resiliently biased outwardly by a spring or similar device. 26. A synchronous amplifier control mechanism, according to claim 24, wherein the driving ends of the friction bands are pivotally connected to the outer ends' of two oscillating arms whose inner ends are pivotally connected to the control member. 27. Mechanism according to claim 11, characterized in that it comprises a primary shaft, rotated by a source of motive force in one direction, and capable of transmitting energy by means under the control of the operator, to a control shaft for rotating the latter in one or the other direction, and a clutch acting on one side only, interposed between said device and said primary shaft, whereby said device is automatically released from the primary shaft in the event that the energy source reverses the direction of rotation of said primary shaft. 28. Mechanism according to claim 11, characterized in that it comprises drums being rotated in opposite directions, by a drive shaft rotating normally in one direction under the action of a power source, a clutch acting on one side, placed between the drums and the driving force source, whereby the connection between them is interrupted when the energy source reverses the direction of rotation of the driving shaft, and means, operating under the action of the control shaft, to alternately engage <Desc / Clms Page number 59> the drums with the control shaft, these means arranged and constructed to transmit only a manual force, from the control shaft to the drums and to the control shaft, when the angular speed imparted by the energy source to the drums is less than the angular speed of the control element. 29. Synchronous amplifier control mechanism, according to claim 8, wherein the friction device comprises friction bands arranged to engage with drums rotating in opposite directions, and whose driving ends are connected with the control member. , these links having an adjustable part, whereby they can simultaneously expand or contract said bands relative to the drum * 30. Mechanism according to Claim 11, comprising drums having friction surfaces, and arranged to rotate in opposite directions, friction bands arranged to engage respectively with these drums connections between the control ends of said bands and a control element, and connections between the drive ends of said bands and a control member the said links mentioned last, comprising an arm integral with the control member and extending radially with respect to the latter , a toothed member mounted on said arm so as to rotate on the axis thereof, the driving ends of the bands being pivotally connected to said member, and a supported worm, so as to be able to turn on said arms, and whose teeth mesh with the teeth of the rotary member. 31. Mechanism according to claim 11, comprising two members rotating in opposite directions and having friction surfaces, friction bands engaging said surfaces and respectively having ends <Desc / Clms Page number 60> spaced apart, means entirely disengaged from the bands, for actuating their control ends, and means. fully disengaged from the bands to transmit forces from their driving ends to the control member. 32, Synchronous amplifier control mechanism, according to claim 30, characterized in that it comprises a control device for the friction bands, certain parts of which are located between the ends of the bands, but without be connected thereto, and arms projecting on a control member extending also between the ends of the bands. 33, A synchronous amplifier control mechanism, according to claim 31, wherein the control device includes a control element. a control arm fixed on it, and a member which is located between the ends of the bands and pivots on the control arm, to rotate about an axis disposed radially to the control element, said member being arranged to act on the two ends of said strip, when the control element is operated. 34, Synchronous amplifier control mechanism, according to claim 11, in which the friction device comprises two friction bands arranged respectively to engage with two drums rotating in opposite directions, the driving end of this band being connected to the control member, and means being provided for actuating the control end of the bands, these means comprising a member actuated by a driving force under manual control, for moving said control ends in one direction, and a device constantly tending to move said control means in the opposite direction. <Desc / Clms Page number 61> 35. An epnohrone amplifier control mechanism, as claimed in claim 34 wherein the motive force actuated member for moving the control ends in one direction includes a wraparound, manually controlled friction strip disposed to engage. a friction surface moving with one of the drums. 36 Synchronous amplifier control mechanism, characterized in that it comprises a rotating drum having two friction surfaces, which are each associated with a friction strip capable of coming into engagement with them, the driving end of the first strip being connected to the control member, and the driving end of the second strip being connected to the control end of the first strip, means being provided to actuate a manual control, the control end of the second strip . 37, Synchronous amplifier control mechanism. characterized in that it comprises several friction bands connected in series to take energy from rotating means, actuated by a driving force, and deliver this energy to a control member, the control end of the one of the bands being connected to a control element, and the driving end of a second band being connected to the control member. 38, Synchronous amplifier control mechanism, characterized in that it comprises a friction strip which is arranged to connect a rotary actuator and a control element, and take energy from a rotating drum and supply it. to the control member, an adjustable control arm projecting radially from the control member, and connected to the control member, a friction surface, on the drum, arranged to come into contact with the control member. <Desc / Clms Page number 62> 43. A mechanism according to claim 11 comprising a drum rotating in one direction only, and two friction devices arranged to engage the drum, one of which is continuously engaged with the drum, with a force of. uniform friction and the other of these devices being arranged to come into frictional engagement with the drum, with varying power forces, said first device being connected to a control member by means of a reverse mechanism. - movement sensor, and said second device being directly connected to the control member, and means for varying the degree of force with which the second device engages with the drum, 44. A mechanism as claimed in claim 11 comprising a drum arranged to continuously rotate in a same direction two friction bands frictionally engaging the drum, connections between the driving ends of the bands and a drive shaft. control, whereby the energy transmitted by one of the bands to the drive shaft will cause the shaft to rotate in one direction, and the energy transmitted by the other band to the drive shaft will rotate this shaft in the opposite direction, and control means for individually moving each strip to bring it into engagement with the drum. 45. A mechanism according to claim 44, in which the control device comprises a rotary member directly connected to the control end of one of the bands and connected to the control end of the other band by means of 'a movement reversing device. 46. A mechanism as claimed in claim 44, in which the control device acts to move one of the bands away from the drum, while the other band is fed to the drum. <Desc / Clms Page number 63> engaged with said strip, and means for adjusting the position of the adjustable control arm, during rotation of the drum, to effect a radial adjustment of the strip, said means comprising a rotating member axially extending into the drum and engaging with the control arm, so that the rotation of said member performs an adjustment of the arm. 39. A mechanism according to claim 11, wherein the friction device comprises a helical band associated with each of the drums rotating in the opposite direction, and arranged to frictionally engage therewith respective parts of said drums. strip being connected by their driving end to the control member, and by their control ends to the control element. 40. A mechanism according to claim 39, in which the bands tapering from their driving ends to their control ends. 41. A mechanism according to claim 39, wherein the drums are provided with friction faces of cylindrical faces having the same axis, and the friction bands are connected, by their internal ends, to the control element, and by their ends. external to the control unit * 42; A mechanism according to claim 11, comprising a single rotating drum, and two friction bands arranged to bear against the drum, one of said bands being directly connected at its driving end to a drive shaft and the second band being connected by its driving end, to the drum by means of an inverting mechanism, the movement, and means for varying the degree of grip by friction of the bands on the drum. <Desc / Clms Page number 64> 47. Synchronous amplifier control mechanism, characterized by the fact that it comprises a control motor arranged to consume a relatively small quantity of energy, and to actuate means xx to establish a mechanical link between a motor with greater power and the control organ, to operate the latter simultaneously with the movement of the control motor, the control organ and the control motor having unique corresponding arrangements for all degrees of amplitude of the movement . 48. A synchronous amplifier control mechanism, according to claim 47, having a mechanism associated with the energy motor, the control motor and the controller, for taking energy from the energy motor and transmitting it to the energy motor. the control member for actuating the latter, said mechanism being arranged to establish a control connection between the power motor and the control member, this connection being of such a character that the movements of the control member have a unique relation as amplitude and as speed, with the movements of the controlling organ. 49. Synchronous amplifier control mechanism according to claim 47, characterized in that the control motor has a movable element in a non-circular road under the influence of a relatively small force. 50. Synchronous amplifier control mechanism according to claim 47, characterized in that the control motor is electro-magnetically actuated. 51. A synchronous amplifier control mechanism, according to claim 47, wherein the control element comprises the armature of an electromagnet, resilient means being provided which tend to return the armature to a predetermined position, when the magnet is no longer <Desc / Clms Page number 65> excited. 52. Synchronous amplifier control mechanism, according to claim 11, or claim 47, comprising an enveloping friction device associated with a rotary control member, the rotary control element of a control motor and an energy motor. to take energy, under the control of the control element. to the energy motor, and supply this energy to the control member, to turn the latter in one or the other direction. 53. Synchronous amplifier control mechanism, according to claim 52, in which the control motor is a selsyn motor, and in which the control member is connected to a barrel mounted to be pivoted and arranged to rotate this barrel on. its pivot axis. 54. Synchronous amplifier control mechanism according to claim 11 or claim 47, characterized in that the control motor is arranged to automatically indicate changes in the state or in the position of an actuator. . 55. Synehrone amplifier control mechanism, which is associated with a gear change device., So as to be controlled by this device, to allow variations in the relative speeds of two organs. 56. Synchronous amplifier control mechanism as claimed above, having a friction strip or ribbon comprising several aluminum sections, shaped to constitute channels, these sections being pivotally connected end to end and a piece of cork being inserted within each section, and having a friction surface. <Desc / Clms Page number 66> 57. Synchronous amplifier control mechanism, characterized by the fact that it comprises a control member arranged to be moved freely by an energy motor, and means under the control of a control motor, to establish and stop the connection between the energy motor and the control member, whereby the control member moves a distance proportional to the stroke of the control motor. 58, Synchronous amplifier control mechanism. characterized by the fact that it comprises a friction member and a movable control member, relative to the friction member, members connected to the control member and arranged to rub against the friction band, a control member connected to the previous members, so as to vary the friction between these members and the friction member, so that the control member is forced to respond when energy is communicated to it by a external source, so as to perform movement having exactly the amplitude and having exactly the speed of those of the control organ. 59. Synchronous amplifier control mechanism, according to claim 24, in which the driving ends of the friction devices or bands are provided with anti-friction rollers.