AU747997B2 - Chimeric genes and methods for increasing the lysine content of the seeds of plants - Google Patents

Description

TITLE

CHIMERIC GENES AND METHODS FOR INCREASING THE LYSINE CONTENT OF THE SEEDS OF PLANTS CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is equivalent to a continuation-in-part of Serial No.

08/824,627, filed on March 27, 1997, pending, which is a continuation-in-part of Serial No. 08/474,633, filed on June 7, 1995, pending, which is a continuation-inpart of Serial No. 08/178,212, filed on January 6,1994 which was the national filing of PCT/US93/02480, now abandoned, filed on March 18, 1993 and which is a continuation-in-part of Serial No. 07/855,414, filed on March 19, 1992, now abandoned.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to chimeric genes and methods for increasing the lysine content of the seeds of plants and, in particular, to two chimeric genes, a first encoding plant lysine ketoglutarate reductase (LKR) and a second encoding lysine-insensitive dihydrodipicolinic acid synthase (DHDPS) which is operably linked to a plant chloroplast transit sequence, all operably linked to plant seedspecific regulatory sequences.

Sgo BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 20 Many vertebrates, including man, lack the ability to manufacture a number of amino acids and, therefore, require these amino acids preformed in the diet.

These are called essential amino acids. Human food and animal feed derived from many grains are deficient in some of the ten essential amino acids. In corn (Zeamays lysine is the most limiting amino acid for the dietary requirements of 25 many animals. Soybean (Glycine max meal is used as an additive to corn based animal feeds primarily as a lysine supplement. Thus, an increase in the lysine content of either corn or soybean would reduce or eliminate the need to supplement mixed grain feeds with lysine produced via fermentation of microbes.

Plant breeders have long been interested in using naturally occurring variations to improve protein quality and quantity in crop plants. Maize lines containing higher than normal levels of lysine have been identified [Mertz et al. (1964) Science 145:279, Mertz et al. (1965) Science 150:1469-70]. However, these lines which incorporate a mutant gene, opaque-2, exhibit poor agronomic ,A AL qualities (increased susceptibility to disease and pests, 8-14% reduction in yield, 30/11/01,mc10763.speci,1 low kernel weight, slower drying, lower dry milling yield of flaking grits, and increased storage problems) and thus are not commercially useful [Deutscher (1978) Adv. Exp. Medicine and Biology 105:281-300]. Quality Protein Maize (QPM) bred at CIMMYT using the opaque-2 and sugary-2 genes and associated modifiers has a hard endosperm and enriched levels of lysine and .o -1 WO 98/42831 PCTIUS98/06051 tryptophan in the kernels [Vasal, S. et al. Proceedings ofthe 3rd seedprotein symposium, Gatersleben, August 31 September 2, 1983]. However, the gene pools represented in the QPM lines are tropical and subtropical. Quality Protein Maize is a genetically complex trait and the existing lines are not easily adapted to the dent germplasm in use in the United States, preventing the adoption of QPM by corn breeders.

The amino acid content of seeds is determined primarily (90-99%) by the amino acid composition of the proteins in the seed and to a lesser extent (1-10%) by the free amino acid pools. The quantity of total protein in seeds varies from about 10% of the dry weight in cereals to 20-40% of the dry weight of legumes.

Much of the protein-bound amino acids is contained in the seed storage proteins which are synthesized during seed development and which serve as a major nutrient reserve following germination. In many seeds the storage proteins account for 50% or more of the total protein.

To improve the amino acid composition of seeds genetic engineering technology is being used to isolate, and express genes for storage proteins in transgenic plants. For example, a gene from Brazil nut for a seed 2S albumin composed of 26% sulfur-containing amino acids has been isolated [Altenbach et al. (1987) Plant Mol. Biol. 8:239-250] and expressed in the seeds of transformed tobacco under the control of the regulatory sequences from a bean phaseolin storage protein gene. The accumulation of the sulfur-rich protein in the tobacco seeds resulted in an up to 30% increase in the level of methionine in the seeds [Altenbach et al. (1989) Plant Mol. Biol. 13:513-522]. However, no plant seed storage proteins similarly enriched in lysine relative to average lysine content of plant proteins have been identified to date, preventing this approach from being used to increase lysine.

An alternative approach is to increase the production and accumulation of specific free amino acids such as lysine via genetic engineering technology.

However, little guidance is available on the control of the biosynthesis and metabolism of lysine in the seeds of plants.

Lysine, along with threonine, methionine and isoleucine, are amino acids derived from aspartate, and regulation of the biosynthesis of each member of this family is interconnected. Regulation of the metabolic flow in the pathway appears to be primarily via end products. The first step in the pathway is the phosphorylation of aspartate by the enzyme aspartokinase and this enzyme has been found to be an important target for regulation in many organisms.

However, detailed physiological studies on the flux of 4-carbon molecules through the aspartate pathway have been carried out in the model plant system WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 Lemnapaucicostata [Giovanelli et al. (1989) Plant Physiol. 90:1584-1599]. It was stated in this reference that "These data now provide definitive evidence that the step catalyzed by aspartokinase is not normally an important site for regulation of the entry of 4-carbon units into the aspartate family of amino acids [in plants]." The aspartate family pathway is also believed to be regulated at the branchpoint reactions. For lysine this is the condensation of aspartyl P-semialdehyde with pyruvate catalyzed by dihydrodipicolinic acid synthase (DHDPS), while for threonine and methionine the reduction of aspartyl p-semialdehyde by homoserine dehydrogenase (HDH) followed by the phosphorylation of homoserine by homoserine kinase (HK) are important points of control.

The E. coli dapA gene encodes a DHDPS enzyme that is about 20-fold less sensitive to inhibition by lysine than a typical plant DHDPS enzyme, wheat germ DHDPS. The E. coli dapA gene has been linked to the 35S promoter of Cauliflower Mosaic Virus and a plant chloroplast transit sequence. The chimeric gene was introduced into tobacco cells via transformation and shown to cause a substantial increase in free lysine levels in leaves [Glassman et al. (1989) PCT Patent Appl. PCT/US89/01309, Shaul et al. (1992) Plant Jour. 2:203-209, Galili et al. (1992) EPO Patent Appl. 91119328.2]. However, the lysine content of the seeds was not increased in any of the transformed plants described in these studies. The same chimeric gene was also introduced into potato cells and lead to small increases in free lysine in leaves, roots and tubers of regenerated plants [Galili et al. (1992) EPO Patent Appl. 91119328.2, Perl et al. (1992) Plant Mol.

Biol. 19:815-823]. These workers have also reported on the introduction of an E.

coli lysC gene that encodes a lysine-insensitive AK enzyme into tobacco cells via transformation [Galili et al. (1992) Eur. Patent Appl. 91119328.2; Shaul et al.

(1992) Plant Physiol. 100:1157-1163]. Expression of the E. coli enzyme results in increases in the levels of free threonine in the leaves and seeds of transformed plants. Crosses of plants expressing E. coli DHDPS and AK resulted in progeny that accumulated more free lysine in leaves than the parental DHDPS plant, but less free threonine in leaves than the parental AK plant. No evidence for increased levels of free lysine in seeds was presented.

The limited understanding of the details of the regulation of the biosynthetic pathway in plants makes the application of genetic engineering technology, particularly to seeds, uncertain. There is little information available on the source of the aspartate-derived amino acids in seeds. It is not known, for example, whether they are synthesized in seeds, or transported to the seeds from leaves, or both, from most plants. In addition, free amino acids make up only a small fraction of the total amino acid content of seeds. Therefore, over-accumulation of free amino acids must be many-fold in order to significantly affect the total amino acid composition of the seeds. Furthermore, little is known about catabolism of free amino acids in seeds. Catabolism of free lysine has been observed in developing endosperm of corn and barley. The first step in the catabolism of lysine is believed to be catalyzed by lysine-ketoglutarate reductase (LKR) [Brochetto-Braga et al. (1992) Plant Physiol. 98:1139-1147]. This protein is actually a bifunctional enzyme that is also responsible for catalysis of the presumed second reaction in the catabolism of lysine, saccharopine dehydrogenase (SDH) [Goncalves-Butruille et al. (1996) Plant Physiol. 110:765- 771]. There are only a few reports of the isolation of genomic or cDNA clones encoding various portions of LKR/SDH proteins from plants. GenBank accession ATU95759 lodged in 1998 presents the sequence of a full-length cDNA clone for the bifunctional enzyme from Arabidopsis thaliana. The protein encoded by this clone is a homologue of both LKR and SDH proteins from fungal organisms. The DNA sequence from the genomic clone from Arabidopsis is also available as GenBank accession ATU95758 lodged in 1998 (Tang, et al. (1997) Plant Cell 9:1305-1316 and Epelbaum, et al. (1997) Plant Mol. Biol. 35:735-748). GenBank accession AF003551 discloses a cDNA from corn which would direct the synthesis of a polypeptide from within the SDH domain of LKR/SDH proteins. GenBank i 20 accession AF042184 discloses the sequence of a cDNA from Brassica napus that is homologous to a relatively short portion of the full length clone from Arabidopsis.

However, whether such catabolic pathways are widespread in plants and whether they affect the level of accumulation of free amino acids is unknown. Finally, the o effects of over-accumulation of a free amino acid such as lysine or threonine on 25 seed development and viability is not known.

Heretofore, no method to increase the level of lysine in seeds via genetic engineering was known. Thus, there is a need for genes, chimeric genes, and methods for expressing them in seeds so that an over-accumulation of lysine in seeds will result in an improvement in nutritional quality.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION This invention concerns an isolated nucleic acid fragment comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding all or part of lysine ketoglutarate reductase.

In another embodiment this invention concerns a chimeric gene comprising the aforesaid nucleic acid fragment encoding all or part lysine ketoglutarate J 4 30/11/01, mc10763.speci4.4 reductase, or a subfragment thereof, operably linked to suitable seed-specific regulatory sequences wherein said chimeric gene reduces lysine ketoglutarate reductase activity in seeds of transformed plants, as well as a plant cell or plant seed transformed with the aforesaid chimeric gene.

e *a* a e.

o 3* eo *o* WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 In a third embodiment this invention concerns a plant cell wherein lysine ketoglutarate reductase activity is reduced due to a mutation in a gene encoding lysine ketoglutarate reductase.

In a fourth embodiment this invention concerns a plant seed wherein lysine ketoglutarate reductase activity is reduced due to a mutation in a gene encoding lysine ketoglutarate reductase.

In a fifth embodiment this invention concerns a method for reducing lysine ketoglutarate reductase activity in a plant seed which comprises: transforming plant cells with the chimeric gene comprising the aforesaid nucleic acid fragment encoding all or part of lysine ketoglutarate reductase or a subfragment thereof, operably linked to suitable seed-specific regulatory sequences wherein said chimeric gene reduces lysine ketoglutarate reductase activity in seeds of transformed plants; regenerating fertile mature plants from the transformed plant cells obtained from step under conditions suitable to obtain seeds; screening progeny seed of step for reduced lysine ketoglutarate reductase activity; and selecting those lines whose seeds contain for reduced lysine ketoglutarate reductase activity.

In a sixth embodiment this invention concerns a nucleic acid fragment comprising a first chimeric gene comprising the aforesaid nucleic acid fragment encoding all or part of lysine ketoglutarate or a subfragment thereof, operably linked to suitable seed-specific regulatory sequences wherein said chimeric gene reduces lysine ketoglutarate reductase activity in seeds of transformed plants and a second chimeric gene wherein a nucleic acid fragment encoding dihydrodipicolinic acid synthase which is insensitive to inhibition by lysine is operably linked to a plant chloroplast transit sequence and to a plant seed-specific regulatory sequence.

A seventh embodiment of this invention concerns a plant and a seed comprising in its genome the aforesaid nucleic acid fragments or the first and second aforesaid chimeric genes.

WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS AND SEQUENCE DESCRIPTIONS The invention can be more fully understood from the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings and the sequence descriptions which form a part of this application.

Figure 1 shows an alpha helix from the side and top views.

Figure 2 shows end (Figure 2a) and side (Figure 2b) views of an alpha helical coiled-coil structure.

Figure 3 shows the chemical structure of leucine and methionine emphasizing their similar shapes.

Figure 4a shows a schematic representation of a leaf gene expression cassette; Figure 4b shows a schematic representation of a seed-specific gene expression cassette.

Figure 5 shows a map of the binary plasmid vector pZS97K.

Figure 6 shows a map of the binary plasmid vector pZS97.

Figure 7A shows a map of the binary plasmid vector pZS 199; Figure 7B shows a map of the binary plasmid vector pFS926; Figure 7C shows a map of the binary plasmid vector pBT593; Figure 7D shows a map of the binary plasmid vector pBT597.

Figure 8A shows a map of the plasmid vector pBT603; Figure 8B shows a map of the plasmid vector pBT614.

Figure 9 shows the amino acid sequence similarity between the polypeptides encoded by two plant cDNAs and fungal SDH (glutamate-forming).

Figure 10 depicts the strategy for creating a vector (pSK5) for use in construction and expression of the SSP gene sequences.

Figure 11 shows the strategy for inserting oligonucleotide sequences into the unique Ear I site of the base gene sequence.

Figure 12 shows the insertion of the base gene oligonucleotides into the Nco I/EcoR I sites of pSK5 to create the plasmid pSK6. This base gene sequence was used as in Figure 8 to insert the various SSP coding regions at the unique Ear I site to create the cloned segments listed.

Figure 13 shows the insertion of the 63 bp "segment" oligonucleotides used to create non-repetitive gene sequences for use in the duplication scheme in Figure 12.

Figure 14 (A and B) shows the strategy for multiplying non-repetitive gene "segments" utilizing in-frame fusions.

Figure 15 shows the vectors containing seed specific promoter and 3' sequence cassettes. SSP sequences were inserted into these vectors using the Nco I and Asp718 sites.

6 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCTIUJS98/06051 Figure 16 shows a map of the plasmid vector pML63.

Figure 17 shows a map of the plasmid vector pBT680.

Figure 18 shows a map of the plasmid vector pBT681.

Figure 19 shows a map of the plasmid vector pLH104.

Figure 20 shows a map of the plasmid vector pLH105.

Figure 21 shows a map of the plasmid vector pBT739.

Figure 22 shows a map of the plasmid vector pBT756.

SEQ ID NO:1 shows the nucleotide and amino acid sequence of the coding region of the wild type E. coli lvsC gene, which encodes AKIII, described in Example 1.

SEQ ID NOS:2 and 3 were used in Example 2 to create an Nco I site at the translation start codon of the E. coli IvsC gene.

SEQ ID NOS:4 and 5 were used in Example 3 as PCR primers for the isolation of the Corynebacterium danA gene.

SEQ ID NO:6 shows the nucleotide and amino acid sequence of the coding region of the wild type Corynebacterium dapA gene, which encodes lysineinsensitive DHDPS, described in Example 3.

SEQ ID NO:7 was used in Example 4 to create an Nco I site at the translation start codon of the E. coli dapA gene.

SEQ ID NOS:8, 9, 10 and 11 were used in Example 6 to create a chloroplast transit sequence and link the sequence to the E. coli lvsC, E. coli lvsC-M4, E. coli daA and Corynebacteria daA genes.

SEQ ID NOS:12 and 13 were used in Example 6 to create a Kpn I site immediately following the translation stop codon of the E. coli daA gene.

SEQ ID NOS:14 and 15 were used in Example 6 as PCR primers to create a chloroplast transit sequence and link the sequence to the Corynebacterium daDA gene.

SEQ ID NOS:16-92 represent nucleic acid fragments and the polypeptides they encode that are used to create chimeric genes for lysine-rich synthetic seed storage proteins suitable for expression in the seeds of plants.

SEQ ID NO:93 was used in Example 6 as a constitutive expression cassette for corn.

SEQ ID NOS:94-99 were used in Example 6 to create a corn chloroplast transit sequence and link the sequence to the E. coli lvsC-M4 gene.

SEQ ID NOS:100 and 101 were used in Example 6 as PCR primers to create a corn chloroplast transit sequence and link the sequence to the E. coli dapA gene.

SEQ ID NOS:102 and 103 are cDNAs for plant lysine ketoglutarate reductase/saccharopine dehydrogenase from Arabidopsis thaliana.

-(i -8- SEQ ID NOS:104 and 105 are polypeptides homologous to fungal saccharopine dehydrogenase (glutamate-forming) encoded by SEQ ID NOS:102 and 103, respectively.

SEQ ID NOS:106 and 107 were used in Example 25 as PCR primers to add Nco I and Kpn I sites at the 5' and 3' ends of the corn DHDPS gene.

SEQ ID NOS:108 and 109 were used for PCR amplification of a 2.24 kb DNA fragment from genomic Arabidopsis DNA.

SEQ ID NO:110 shows the sequence of the Arabidopsis LKR/SDH genomic DNA fragment.

0 SEQ ID NO:111 shows the sequence of the Arabidopsis LKR/SDH cDNA.

SEQ ID NO:112 shows the deduced amino acid sequence of Arabidopsis LKR/SDH protein.

SEQ ID NOS:113 and 114 were used for PCR amplification of soybean and corn LKR/SDH cDNA fragment.

0* .*:25 SEQ ID NO:115 shows the fragment.

SEQ ID NO:116 shows the fragment.

SEQ ID NO:117 shows the soybean LKR/SDH protein.

SEQ ID NO:118 shows the LRK/SDH protein.

SEQ ID NO:119 shows the soybean.

SEQ ID NO:120 shows the sequence of a soybean LKR/SDH cDNA sequence of a corn LKR/SDH cDNA deduced partial amino acid sequence of deduced partial amino acid sequence of corn sequence of a 2582 nucleotide cDNA from sequence of a 3265 nucleotide cDNA from corn.

SEQ ID NO:121 shows the deduced partial amino acid sequence of soybean LKR/SDH protein encoded by nucleotides 3 through 2357 of SEQ ID NO:119.

27/01/00,td10763.spe,8 8a SEQ ID NO:122 shows the deduced partial amino acid sequence of corn LKR/SDH protein encoded by nucleotides 3 through 3071 of SEQ ID NO:120.

SEQ ID NO:123 is a nucleotide sequence corresponding to nucleotides 1 through 1908 of SED ID NO:120.

SEQ ID NO:124 is the deduced amino acid sequence from SEQ ID NO:123.

SEQ ID NO:125 shows the sequence of a 720 nucleotide LKR/SDH cDNA from rice.

SEQ ID NO:126 shows the deduced partial amino acid sequence of rice LKR/SDH protein encoded by nucleotides 2 through 720 of SEQ ID NO:125.

SEQ ID NO:127 shows the sequence of a 308 nucleotide LKR/SDH cDNA from rice.

i o* o o* *ooo* 27/01/00,td10763.spe,8 WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 SEQ ID NO:128 shows the deduced partial amino acid sequence of rice LKR/SDH protein encoded by nucleotides 1 through 129 of SEQ ID NO:127.

SEQ ID NO:129 shows the sequence of a 429 nucleotide cDNA from wheat.

SEQ ID NO: 130 shows the deduced partial amino acid sequence of wheat LKR/SDH protein encoded by nucleotides 1 through 252 of SEQ ID NO:129.

SEQ ID NO: 131 shows the SDH coding region of the Arabidopsis cDNA clone.

SEQ ID NO:132 shows the amino acid sequence of the SDH domain of the Arabidopsis LKR/SDH protein.

The Sequence Descriptions contain the one letter code for nucleotide sequence characters and the three letter codes for amino acids as defined in conformity with the IUPAC-IUB standards described in Nucleic Acids Research 13:3021-3030(1985) and in the Biochemical Journal 219 (No. 2):345-373(1984) which are incorporated by reference herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Nucleic acid fragments and procedures are described which are useful for increasing the accumulation of lysine in the seeds of transformed plants, as compared to levels of lysine in untransformed plants. In order to increase the accumulation of free lysine in the seeds of plants via genetic engineering, a determination was made of which enzymes in this pathway controlled the pathway in the seeds of plants. In order to accomplish this, genes encoding enzymes in the pathway were isolated from bacteria. In some cases, mutations in the genes were obtained so that the enzyme encoded was made insensitive to end-product inhibition. Intracellular localization sequences and suitable regulatory sequences for expression in the seeds of plants were linked to create chimeric genes. The chimeric genes were then introduced into plants via transformation and assessed for their ability to elicit accumulation of the lysine in seeds.

A unique first nucleic acid fragment is provided which comprises two nucleic acid subfragments (subsequences), one encoding LKR and the other encoding DHDPS which is substantially insensitive to feedback inhibition by lysine. For the purposes of the present application, the term substantially insensitive will mean at least 20-fold less sensitive to feedback inhibition by lysine than a typical plant enzyme catalyzing the same reaction. It has been found that a combination of subfragments successfully increases the lysine accumulated in seeds of transformed plants as compared to untransformed host plants.

It also has been discovered that the full potential for accumulation of excess free lysine in seeds is reduced by lysine catabolism. Furthermore, it has been discovered that lysine catabolism results in the accumulation of lysine breakdown WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 products such as saccharopine and a-amino adipic acid. Provided herein are two alternative routes to reduce the loss of excess lysine due to catabolism and to reduce the accumulation of lysine breakdown products. In the first approach, lysine catabolism is prevented through reduction in the activity of the enzyme lysine ketoglutarate reductase (LKR), which catalyzes the first step in lysine breakdown. This can be accomplished by introducing a mutation that reduces or eliminates enzyme function in the plant gene that encodes LKR. Such mutations can be identified in lysine over-producer lines by screening mutants for a failure to accumulate the lysine breakdown products, saccharopine and a-amino adipic acid. Alternatively, several procedures to isolate plant LKR genes are provided; nucleic acid fragments containing plant LKR cDNAs are also provided. Chimeric genes for expression of antisense LKR RNA or for cosuppression of LKR in the seeds of plants can then be created. The chimeric LKR gene is linked to the chimeric genes encoding lysine insensitive DHDPS and both are introduced into plants via transformation simultaneously, or the chimeric genes are brought together by crossing plants transformed independently with each of the chimeric genes.

In the second approach, excess free lysine is incorporated into a form that is insensitive to breakdown, by incorporating it into a di-, tri- or oligopeptide, or preferably a lysine-rich storage protein. The lysine-rich storage protein chosen should contain higher levels of lysine than average proteins. Ideally, these storage proteins should contain at least 15% lysine by weight. The design of a preferred class of polypeptides which can be expressed in vivo to serve as lysine-rich seed storage proteins is provided. Genes encoding the lysine-rich synthetic storage proteins (SSP) are synthesized and chimeric genes wherein the SSP genes are linked to suitable regulatory sequences for expression in the seeds of plants are created. The SSP chimeric gene is then linked to the chimeric DHDPS gene and both are introduced into plants via transformation simultaneously, or the genes are brought together by crossing plants transformed independently with each of the chimeric genes.

A method for transforming plants is taught herein wherein the resulting seeds of the plants have at least ten percent, preferably ten percent to four-fold greater, lysine than do the seeds of untransformed plants. Provided as examples herein are transformed rapeseed plants with seed lysine levels increased by 100% over untransformed plants and soybean plants with seed lysine levels increased by four-fold over lysine levels of untransformed plants, and corn plants with seed lysine levels increased by 130%.

In the context of this disclosure, a number of terms shall be utilized. As used herein, the term "nucleic acid" refers to a large molecule which can be singlestranded or double-stranded, composed of monomers (nucleotides) containing a sugar, phosphate and either a purine or pyrimidine. A "nucleic acid fragment" is a fraction of a given nucleic acid molecule. In higher plants, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the genetic material while ribonucleic acid (RNA) is involved in the transfer of the information in DNA into proteins. A "genome" is the entire body of genetic material contained in each cell of an organism. The term "nucleotide sequence" refers to a polymer of DNA or RNA which can be single- or doublestranded, optionally containing synthetic, non-natural or altered nucleotide bases capable of incorporation into DNA or RNA polymers.

As used herein, the term "homologous to" refers to the complementarity between the nucleotide sequence of two nucleic acid molecules or between the amino acid sequences of two protein molecules. Quantitative estimates of homology are provided by either DNA-DNA or DNA-RNA hybridization under conditions of stringency as is well understood by those skilled in the art [as described in Hames and Higgins (eds.) Nucleic Acid Hybridisation, IRL Press, Oxford, or by the comparison of sequence similarity between two nucleic acids or proteins.

-o 20 As used herein, "functionally equivalent" refers to DNA sequences that may involve base changes that do not cause a change in the encoded amino acid, or which involve base changes which may alter one or more amino acids, but do not affect the functional properties of the protein encoded by the DNA sequence. It is therefore understood that the invention encompasses more than the specific exemplary sequences. Modifications to the sequence, such as deletions, S< insertions, or substitutions in the sequence which produce silent changes that do not substantially affect the functional properties of the resulting protein molecule are also contemplated. For example, alteration in the gene sequence which reflect the degeneracy of the genetic code, or which result in the production of a chemically equivalent amino acid at a given site, are contemplated; thus, a codon for the amino acid alanine, a hydrophobic amino acid, may be substituted by a codon encoding another less hydrophobic residue, such as glycine, or a more hydrophobic residue, such as valine, leucine, or isoleucine. Similarly, changes which result in substitution of one negatively charged residue for another, such as 30/11/01,mc10763.specil 1,12,11 aspartic acid for glutamic acid, or one positively charged residue for another, such as lysine for arginine, can also be expected to produce a biologically equivalent product. Nucleotide changes which result in alteration of the N-terminal and Cterminal portions of the protein molecule would also not be expected to alter the activity of the protein. In some cases, it may in fact be desirable to make mutants of the sequence in order to study the effect of alteration on the biological activity of the protein. Each of the proposed modifications is well within the routine skill in the art, as is determination of retention of biological activity of the encoded products. Moreover, the skilled artisan recognizes that "functionally equivalent" sequences encompassed by this invention are also defined by their ability to hybridize, under stringent conditions (0.1X SSC, 0.1% SDS, 65 0 with the sequences exemplified herein.

"Gene" refers to a nucleic acid fragment that expresses a specific protein, including regulatory sequences preceding non-coding) and following noncoding) the coding region. "Native" gene refers to the gene as found in nature with its own regulatory sequences. "Chimeric" gene refers to a gene comprising heterogeneous regulatory and coding sequences. "Endogenous" gene refers to the native gene normally found in its natural location in the genome. A "foreign" eeee gene refers to a gene not normally found in the host organism but that is 20 introduced by gene transfer.

"Coding sequence" refers to a DNA sequence that codes for a specific protein and excludes the non-coding sequences.

"Initiation codon" and "termination codon" refer to a unit of three adjacent nucleotides in a coding sequence that specifies initiation and chain termination, respectively, of protein synthesis (mRNA translation). "Open reading frame" refers to the amino acid sequence encoded between translation initiation and termination codons of a coding sequence.

"RNA transcript" refers to the product resulting from RNA polymerasecatalyzed transcription of a DNA sequence. When the RNA transcript is a perfect complementary copy of the DNA sequence, it is referred to as the primary transcript or it may be a RNA sequence derived from posttranscriptional processing of the primary transcript. "Messenger RNA" (mRNA) refers to RNA that can be translated into protein by the cell. "cDNA" refers to a double-stranded DNA that is complementary to and derived from mRNA. "Sense" RNA refers to 3 0 1 1 0 1 m c0AL 1 D L 12 30/1 1/01,mc10763.specil 1,1212 RNA transcript that includes the mRNA. "Antisense RNA" refers to a RNA transcript that is complementary to all or part of a target primary transcript or mRNA and that blocks the expression of a target gene by interfering with the processing, transport and/or translation of its primary transcript or mRNA. The complementarity of an antisense RNA may be with any part of the specific gene transcript, at the 5' non-coding sequence, 3' non-coding sequence, introns, or the coding sequence. In addition, as used herein, antisense RNA may contain Ai42

LU.

0X y~c^ 30/1 1/O1,mc10763.specill,12,12 WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 regions of ribozyme sequences that increase the efficacy of antisense RNA to block gene expression. "Ribozyme" refers to a catalytic RNA and includes sequence-specific endoribonucleases.

As used herein, suitable "regulatory sequences" refer to nucleotide sequences located upstream within, and/or downstream to a coding sequence, which control the transcription and/or expression of the coding sequences, potentially in conjunction with the protein biosynthetic apparatus of the cell. These regulatory sequences include promoters, translation leader sequences, transcription termination sequences, and polyadenylation sequences.

"Promoter" refers to a DNA sequence in a gene, usually upstream to its coding sequence, which controls the expression of the coding sequence by providing the recognition for RNA polymerase and other factors required for proper transcription. A promoter may also contain DNA sequences that are involved in the binding of protein factors which control the effectiveness of transcription initiation in response to physiological or developmental conditions.

It may also contain enhancer elements.

An "enhancer" is a DNA sequence which can stimulate promoter activity. It may be an innate element of the promoter or a heterologous element inserted to enhance the level and/or tissue-specificity of a promoter. "Constitutive promoters" refers to those that direct gene expression in all tissues and at all times.

"Organ-specific" or "development-specific" promoters as referred to herein are those that direct gene expression almost exclusively in specific organs, such as leaves or seeds, or at specific development stages in an organ, such as in early or late embryogenesis, respectively.

The term "operably linked" refers to nucleic acid sequences on a single nucleic acid molecule which are associated so that the function of one is affected by the other. For example, a promoter is operably linked with a structure gene a gene encoding aspartokinase that is lysine-insensitive as given herein) when it is capable of affecting the expression of that structural gene that the structural gene is under the transcriptional control of the promoter).

The term "expression", as used herein, is intended to mean the production of the protein product encoded by a gene. More particularly, "expression" refers to the transcription and stable accumulation of the sense (mRNA) or antisense RNA derived from the nucleic acid fragment(s) of the invention that, in conjunction with the protein apparatus of the cell, results in altered levels of protein product.

"Antisense inhibition" refers to the production of antisense RNA transcripts capable of preventing the expression of the target protein. "Overexpression" refers to the production of a gene product in transgenic organisms that exceeds WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 levels of production in normal or non-transformed organisms. "Cosuppression" refers to the expression of a foreign gene which has substantial homology to an endogenous gene resulting in the suppression of expression of both the foreign and the endogenous gene. "Altered levels" refers to the production of gene product(s) in transgenic organisms in amounts or proportions that differ from that of normal or non-transformed organisms.

The non-coding sequences" refers to the DNA sequence portion of a gene that contains a polyadenylation signal and any other regulatory signal capable of affecting mRNA processing or gene expression. The polyadenylation signal is usually characterized by affecting the addition of polyadenylic acid tracts to the 3' end of the mRNA precursor.

The "translation leader sequence" refers to that DNA sequence portion of a gene between the promoter and coding sequence that is transcribed into RNA and is present in the fully processed mRNA upstream of the translation start codon. The translation leader sequence may affect processing of the primary transcript to mRNA, mRNA stability or translation efficiency.

"Mature" protein refers to a post-translationally processed polypeptide without its targeting signal. "Precursor" protein refers to the primary product of translation of mRNA. A "chloroplast targeting signal" is an amino acid sequence which is translated in conjunction with a protein and directs it to the chloroplast.

"Chloroplast transit sequence" refers to a nucleotide sequence that encodes a chloroplast targeting signal.

"Transformation" herein refers to the transfer of a foreign gene into the genome of a host organism and its genetically stable inheritance. Examples of methods of plant transformation include Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and particle-accelerated or "gene gun" transformation technology.

"Amino acids" herein refer to the naturally occurring L amino acids (Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic acid, Asparagine, Cystine, Glutamic acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Proline, Phenylalanine, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, and Valine). "Essential amino acids" are those amino acids which cannot be synthesized by animals. A "polypeptide" or "protein" as used herein refers to a molecule composed of monomers (amino acids) linearly linked by amide bonds (also known as peptide bonds).

"Synthetic protein" herein refers to a protein consisting of amino acid sequences that are not known to occur in nature. The amino acid sequence may be derived from a consensus of naturally occurring proteins or may be entirely novel.

WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 "Primary sequence" refers to the connectivity order of amino acids in a polypeptide chain without regard to the conformation of the molecule. Primary sequences are written from the amino terminus to the carboxy terminus of the polypeptide chain by convention.

"Secondary structure" herein refers to physico-chemically favored regular backbone arrangements of a polypeptide chain without regard to variations in side chain identities or conformations. "Alpha helices" as used herein refer to righthanded helices with approximately 3.6 residues per turn of the helix. An "amphipathic helix" refers herein to a polypeptide in a helical conformation where one side of the helix is predominantly hydrophobic and the other side is predominantly hydrophilic.

"Coiled-coil" herein refers to an aggregate of two parallel right-handed alpha helices which are wound around each other to form a left-handed superhelix.

"Salt bridges" as discussed here refer to acid-base pairs of charged amino acid side chains so arranged in space that an attractive electrostatic interaction is maintained between two parts of a polypeptide chain or between one chain and another.

"Host cell" means the cell that is transformed with the introduced genetic material.

Isolation of AK Genes The E. coli lvsC gene has been cloned, restriction endonuclease mapped and sequenced previously [Cassan et al. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261:1052-1057]. For the present invention the lvsC gene was obtained on a bacteriophage lambda clone from an ordered library of 3400 overlapping segments of cloned E. coli DNA constructed by Kohara, Akiyama and Isono [Kohara et al. (1987) Cell 50:595-508]. The E. coli lvsC gene encodes the enzyme AKIII, which is sensitive to lysine inhibition. Mutations were obtained in the lvsC gene that cause the AKIII enzyme to be resistant to lysine.

To determine the molecular basis for lysine-resistance, the sequence of the wild type lvsC gene and three mutant genes were determined. The sequence of the cloned wild type IvsC gene, indicated in SEQ ID NO:1:, differed from the published lvsC sequence in the coding region at 5 positions.

The sequences of the three mutant lvsC genes that encoded lysineinsensitive aspartokinase each differed from the wild type sequence by a single nucleotide, resulting in a single amino acid substitution in the protein. One mutant (M2) had an A substituted for a G at nucleotide 954 of SEQ ID NO:1: resulting in an isoleucine for methionine substitution in the amino acid sequence of AKIII and two mutants (M3 and M4) had identical T for C substitutions at WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 nucleotide 1055 of SEQ ID NO: 1 resulting in an isoleucine for threonine substitution.

Other mutations could be generated, either in vivo as described in Example 1 or in vitro by site-directed mutagenesis by methods known to those skilled in the art, that result in amino acid substitutions for the methionine or threonine residue present in the wild type AKIII at these positions. Such mutations would be expected to result in a lysine-insensitive enzyme. Furthermore, the method described in Example 1 could be used to easily isolate and characterize as many additional mutant IvsC genes encoding lysine insensitive AKIII as desired.

A number of other AK genes have been isolated and sequenced. These include the thrA gene of E. coli (Katinka et al. (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77:5730-5733], the metL gene of E. coli (Zakin et al. (1983) J. Biol. Chem.

258:3028-3031], the HOM3 gene of S. cerevisiae [Rafalski et al. (1988) J. Biol.

Chem. 263:2146-2151]. The thrA gene of E. coli encodes a bifunctional protein, AKI-HDHI. The AK activity of this enzyme is insensitive to lysine, but sensitive to threonine. The metL gene of E. coli also encodes a bifunctional protein, AKII-HDHII, and the AK activity of this enzyme is also insensitive to lysine. The HOM3 gene of yeast encodes an AK which is insensitive to lysine, but sensitive to threonine.

In addition to these genes, several plant genes encoding lysine-insensitive AK are known. In barley lysine plus threonine-resistant mutants bearing mutations in two unlinked genes that result in two different lysine-insensitive AK isoenzymes have been described [Bright et al. (1982) Nature 299:278-279, Rognes et al. (1983) Planta 157:32-38, Arruda et al. (1984) Plant Physiol.

76:442-446]. In corn, a lysine plus threonine-resistant cell line had AK activity that was less sensitive to lysine inhibition than its parent line [Hibberd et al.

(1980) Planta 148:183-187]. A subsequently isolated lysine plus threonineresistant corn mutant is altered at a different genetic locus and also produces lysine-insensitive AK [Diedrick et al. (1990) Theor. Appl. Genet. 79.209-215, Dotson et al. (1990) Planta 182:546-552]. In tobacco there are two AK enzymes in leaves, one lysine-sensitive and one threonine-sensitive. A lysine plus threonine-resistant tobacco mutant that expressed completely lysine-insensitive AK has been described [Frankard et al. (1991) Theor. Appl. Genet. 82:273-282].

These plant mutants could serve as sources of genes encoding lysine-insensitive AK and used, based on the teachings herein, to increase the accumulation of lysine and threonine in the seeds of transformed plants.

A partial amino acid sequence of AK from carrot has been reported [Wilson et al. (1991) Plant Physiol. 97:1323:1328]. Using this information a set of 16 -17degenerate DNA oligonucleotides could be designed, synthesized and used as hybridization probes to permit the isolation of the carrot AK gene. Recently the carrot AK gene has been isolated and its nucleotide sequence has been determined [Matthews et al. (1991) U.S.S.N. 07/746,705]. This gene can be used as a heterologous hybridization probe to isolate the genes encoding lysine-insensitive AK described above.

High level expression of wild type and mutant lysC genes in E. coli To achieve high level expression of the lysC genes in E. coli, a bacterial expression vector which employs the bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase/T7 promoter system [Rosenberg et al. (1987) Gene 56:125-135] was used. The expression vector and lysC gene were modified as described in Example 2 to construct a lysC expression vector. For expression of the mutant lysC genes (M2, M3 and M4), the wild type lysC gene was replaced with the mutant genes as described in Example 2.

For high level expression, each of the expression vectors was transformed into E. coli strain BI21(DE3) [Studier et al. (1986) J. Mol. Biol.

189:113-130]. Cultures were grown, expression was induced, cells were collected, and extracts were prepared as described in Example 2. Supernatant and pellet fractions of extracts from uninduced and induced cultures were analyzed by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by AK enzyme assays as described in Example 2. The major protein visible by Coomassie blue staining in the supernatant and pellet fractions of induced cultures was AKIII.

About 80% of the AKIII protein was in the supernatant and AKIII represented 25 10-20% of the total E. coli protein in the extract.

Approximately 80% of the AKIII enzyme activity was in the supernatant fraction. The specific activity of wild type and mutant crude extracts was 5-7 /moles product per minute per milligram total protein. Wild type AKIII was sensitive to the presence of L-lysine in the assay. Fifty percent inhibition was found at a concentration of about 0.4 mM and 90 percent inhibition at about 1.0 mM. In contrast, mutants AKIII-M2, M3 and M4 were not inhibited -RAat all by 15 mM L-lysine.

27/01/00,td 10763.spe, 17 17a- Wild type AKIII protein was purified from the supernatant of an induced culture as described in Example 2. Rabbit antibodies were raised against the purified AKIII protein.

Many other microbial expression vectors have been described in the literature. One skilled in the art could make use of any of these to construct lysC expression vectors. These lysC expression vectors could then be introduced into A4

I*

27/O1/00,td10763.spe,17 e WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 appropriate microorganisms via transformation to provide a system for high level expression of AKIII.

Isolation of DHDPS genes The E. coli daA gene (ecodaDA) has been cloned, restriction endonuclease mapped and sequenced previously [Richaud et al. (1986) J. Bacteriol.

166:297-300]. For the present invention the dapA gene was obtained on a bacteriophage lambda clone from an ordered library of 3400 overlapping segments of cloned E. coli. DNA constructed by Kohara, Akiyama and Isono [Kohara et al. (1987) Cell 50:595-508]. The ecodapA gene encodes a DHDPS enzyme that is sensitive to lysine inhibition. However, it is about 20-fold less sensitive to inhibition by lysine than a typical plant DHDPS, wheat germ

DHDPS.

The Corynebacterium daA gene (cordaA) was isolated from genomic DNA from ATCC strain 13032 using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The nucleotide sequence of the Corynebacterium dapA gene has been published [Bonnassie et al. (1990) Nucleic Acids Res. 18:6421]. From the sequence it was possible to design oligonucleotide primers for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) that would allow amplification of a DNA fragment containing the gene, and at the same time add unique restriction endonuclease sites at the start codon and just past the stop codon of the gene to facilitate further constructions involving the gene.

The details of the isolation of the cordapA gene are presented in Example 3. The cordapA gene encodes a DHDPS enzyme that is insensitive to lysine inhibition.

In addition to introducing a restriction endonuclease site at the translation start codon, the PCR primers also changed the second codon of the cordapA gene from AGC coding for serine to GCT coding for alanine. Several cloned DNA fragments that expressed active, lysine-insensitive DHDPS were isolated, indicating that the second codon amino acid substitution did not affect enzyme activity.

The PCR-generated Corynebacterium dapA gene was subcloned into the phagemid vector pGEM-9zf(-) from Promega, and single-stranded DNA was generated and sequenced (SEQ ID NO:6). Aside from the differences in the second codon already mentioned, the sequence matched the published sequence except at two positions, nucleotides 798 and 799. In the published sequence these are TC, while in the gene shown in SEQ ID NO:6 they are CT. This change results in an amino acid substitution of leucine for serine. The reason for this difference is not known. The difference has no apparent effect on DHDPS enzyme activity.

WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 The isolation of other genes encoding DHDPS has been described in the literature. A cDNA encoding DHDPS from wheat [Kaneko et al. (1990) J. Biol.

Chem. 265:17451-17455], and a cDNA encoding DHDPS from corn [Frisch et al.

(1991) Mol. Gen. Genet. 228:287-293] are two examples. These genes encode wild type lysine-sensitive DHDPS enzymes. However, Negrutui et al. [(1984) Theor. Appl. Genet. 68:11-20], obtained two AEC-resistant tobacco mutants in which DHDPS activity was less sensitive to lysine inhibition than the wild type enzyme. These genes could be isolated using the methods already described for isolating the wheat or corn genes or, alternatively, by using the wheat or corn genes as heterologous hybridization probes.

Still other genes encoding DHDPS could be isolated by one skilled in the art by using either the ecodapA gene, the cordaRA gene, or either of the plant DHDPS genes as DNA hybridization probes. Alternatively, other genes encoding DHDPS could be isolated by functional complementation of an E. coli daA mutant, as was done to isolate the cordapA gene [Yeh et al. (1988) Mol. Gen. Genet.

212:105-111] and the corn DHDPS gene.

High level expression of ecodapA and cordapA genes in E. coli To achieve high level expression of the ecodapA and cordapA genes in E. coli, a bacterial expression vector which employs the bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase/T7 promoter system [Rosenberg et al. (1987) Gene 56:127-135] was used. The vector and dapA genes were modified as described below to construct ecodaA and cordaDA expression vectors.

For high level expression each of the expression vectors was transformed into E. coli strain BL21(DE3) [Studier et al. (1986) J. Mol. Biol. 189:113-130].

Cultures were grown, expression was induced, cells were collected, and extracts were prepared as described in Example 4. Supernatant and pellet fractions of extracts from uninduced and induced cultures were analyzed by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by DHDPS enzyme assays as described in Example 4. The major protein visible by Coomassie blue staining in the supernatant and pellet fractions of both induced cultures had a molecular weight of 32-34 kd, the expected size for DHDPS. Even in the uninduced cultures this protein was the most prominent protein produced.

In the induced culture with the ecodapA gene about 80% of the DHDPS protein was in the supernatant and DHDPS represented 10-20% of the total protein in the extract. In the induced culture with the cordapA gene more than of the DHDPS protein was in the pellet fraction. The pellet fractions in both cases were 90-95% pure DHDPS, with no other single protein present in WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 significant amounts. Thus, these fractions were pure enough for use in the generation of rabbit antibodies.

The specific activity ofE. coli DHDPS in the supernatant fraction of induced extracts was about 50 OD 540 units per milligram protein. E. coli DHDPS was sensitive to the presence of L-lysine in the assay. Fifty percent inhibition was found at a concentration of about 0.5 mM. For Corynebacterium

DHDPS,

enzyme activity was measured in the supernatant fraction of uninduced extracts, rather than induced extracts. Enzyme activity was about 4 OD 53 0 units per minute per milligram protein. In contrast to E. coli DHDPS, Corynebacterium DHDPS was not inhibited at all by L-lysine, even at a concentration of 70 mM.

Many other microbial expression vectors have been described in the literature. One skilled in the art could make use of any of these to construct ecodapA or cordapA expression vectors. These expression vectors could then be introduced into appropriate microorganisms via transformation to provide a system for high level expression of DHDPS.

Excretion of amino acids by E. coli expressing high levels of DHDPS and/or AKIII The E. coli expression cassettes were inserted into expression vectors and then transformed into E. coli strain BL21(DE3) [Studier et al. (1986) J. Mol. Biol.

189:113-130] to induce E. coli to produce and excrete amino acids. Details of the procedures used and results are presented in Example Other microbial expression vectors known to those skilled in the art could be used to make and combine expression cassettes for the lysC and daA genes.

These expression vectors could then be introduced into appropriate microorganisms via transformation to provide alternative systems for production and excretion of lysine, threonine and methionine.

Construction of Chimeric Genes for Expression in Plants A preferred class of heterologous hosts for the expression of the chimeric genes of this invention are eukaryotic hosts, particularly the cells of higher plants.

Preferred among the higher plants and the seeds derived from them are soybean, rapeseed (Brassica napus, B. campestris), sunflower (Helianthus annus), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), corn, tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), wheat (Triticum sp), barley (Hordeum vulgare), oats (Avena sativa, L), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), rice (Oryza sativa), and forage grasses. Expression in plants will use regulatory sequences functional in such plants. The expression of foreign genes in plants is well-established [De Blaere et al. (1987) Meth.

Enzymol. 143:277-291]. Proper level of expression of the different chimeric genes of this invention in plant cells may be achieved through the use of many WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 different promoters. Such chimeric genes can be transferred into host plants either together in a single expression vector or sequentially using more than one vector.

The origin of promoter chosen to drive the expression of the coding sequence is not critical as long as it has sufficient transcriptional activity to accomplish the invention by expressing translatable mRNA or antisense RNA in the desired host tissue. Preferred promoters for expression in all plant organs, and especially for expression in leaves include those directing the 19S and transcripts in Cauliflower mosaic virus [Odell et al.(1985) Nature 313:810-812; Hull et al. (1987) Virology 86:482-493], small subunit ofribulose carboxylase [Morelli et al.(1985) Nature 315:200; Broglie et al.

(1984) Science 224:838; Hererra-Estrella et al.(1984) Nature 310:115; Coruzzi et al.(1984) EMBO J. 3:1671; Faciotti et al.(1985) Bio/Technology 3:241], maize zein protein [Matzke et al.(1984) EMBOJ. 3:1525], and chlorophyll a/b binding protein [Lampa et al.(1986) Nature 316:750-752].

Depending upon the application, it may be desirable to select promoters that are specific for expression in one or more organs of the plant. Examples include the light-inducible promoters of the small subunit of ribulose carboxylase, if the expression is desired in photosynthetic organs, or promoters active specifically in seeds.

Preferred promoters are those that allow expression specifically in seeds.

This may be especially useful, since seeds are the primary source of vegetable amino acids and also since seed-specific expression will avoid any potential deleterious effect in non-seed organs. Examples of seed-specific promoters include, but are not limited to, the promoters of seed storage proteins. The seed storage proteins are strictly regulated, being expressed almost exclusively in seeds in a highly organ-specific and stage-specific manner [Higgins et al.(1984) Ann.

Rev. Plant Physiol. 35:191-221; Goldberg et al.(1989) Cell 56:149-160; Thompson et al. (1989) BioEssays 10:108-113]. Moreover, different seed storage proteins may be expressed at different stages of seed development.

There are currently numerous examples for seed-specific expression of seed storage protein genes in transgenic dicotyledonous plants. These include genes from dicotyledonous plants for bean P-phaseolin [Sengupta-Goplalan et al. (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:3320-3324; Hoffman et al. (1988) Plant Mol. Biol.

11:717-729], bean lectin [Voelker et al. (1987) EMBOJ. 6: 3571-3577], soybean lectin [Okamuro et al. (1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:8240-8244], soybean kunitz trypsin inhibitor [Perez-Grau et al. (1989) Plant Cell 1:095-1109], soybean 3 -conglycinin [Beachy et al. (1985) EMBO J. 4:3047-3053; Barker et al. (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:458-462; Chen et al. (1988) EMBO J 7:297-302; WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 Chen et al. (1989) Dev. Genet. 10:112-122; Naito et al. (1988) Plant Mol. Biol.

11:109-123], pea vicilin [Higgins et al. (1988) Plant Mol. Biol. 11:683-695], pea convicilin [Newbigin et al. (1990) Planta 180:461], pea legumin [Shirsat et al.

(1989) Mol. Gen. Genetics 215:326]; rapeseed napin [Radke et al. (1988) Theor.

Appl. Genet. 75:685-694] as well as genes from monocotyledonous plants such as for maize 15 kD zein [Hoffman et al. (1987) EMBO J. 6:3213-3221; Schernthaner et al. (1988) EMBOJ. 7:1249-1253; Williamson et al. (1988) Plant Physiol.

88:1002-1007], barley P-hordein [Marris et al. (1988) Plant Mol. Biol.

10:359-366] and wheat glutenin [Colot et al. (1987) EMBO J 6:3559-3564].

Moreover, promoters of seed-specific genes, operably linked to heterologous coding sequences in chimeric gene constructs, also maintain their temporal and spatial expression pattern in transgenic plants. Such examples include Arabidopsis thaliana 2S seed storage protein gene promoter to express enkephalin peptides in Arabidopsis and B. napus seeds [Vandekerckhove et al. (1989) Bio/Technology 7:929-932], bean lectin and bean P-phaseolin promoters to express luciferase [Riggs et al. (1989) Plant Sci. 63:47-57], and wheat glutenin promoters to express chloramphenicol acetyl transferase [Colot et al. (1987) EMBOJ. 6:3559-3564].

Of particular use in the expression of the nucleic acid fragment of the invention will be the heterologous promoters from several extensivelycharacterized soybean seed storage protein genes such as those for the Kunitz trypsin inhibitor [Jofuku et al. (1989) Plant Cell 1:1079-1093; Perez-Grau et al.

(1989) Plant Cell 1:1095-1109], glycinin [Nielson et al. (1989) Plant Cell 1:313-328], 0-conglycinin [Harada et al. (1989) Plant Cell 1:415-425]. Promoters of genes for and P-subunits of soybean P-conglycinin storage protein will be particularly useful in expressing mRNAs or antisense RNAs in the cotyledons at mid- to late-stages of soybean seed development [Beachy et al. (1985) EMBO J.

4:3047-3053; Barker et al. (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:458-462; Chen et al. (1988) EMBOJ. 7:297-302; Chen et al. (1989) Dev. Genet. 10:112-122; Naito et al. (1988) Plant Mol. Biol. 11:109-123] in transgenic plants, since: a) there is very little position effect on their expression in transgenic seeds, and b) the two promoters show different temporal regulation: the promoter for the a'-subunit gene is expressed a few days before that for the P-subunit gene.

Also of particular use in the expression of the nucleic acid fragments of the invention will be the heterologous promoters from several extensively characterized corn seed storage protein genes such as endosperm-specific promoters from the 10 kD zein [Kirihara et al. (1988) Gene 71:359-370], the 27 kD zein [Prat et al. (1987) Gene 52:51-49; Gallardo et al. (1988) Plant Sci.

WO 98/42831 PCTIUS98/06051 54:211-281], and the 19 kD zein [Marks et al. (1985) J Biol. Chem.

260:16451-16459]. The relative transcriptional activities of these promoters in corn have been reported [Kodrzyck et al. (1989) Plant Cell 1:105-114] providing a basis for choosing a promoter for use in chimeric gene constructs for corn. For expression in corn embryos, the strong embryo-specific promoter from the GLB 1 gene [Kriz (1989) Biochemical Genetics 27:239-251, Wallace et al. (1991) Plant Physiol. 95:973-975] can be used.

It is envisioned that the introduction of enhancers or enhancer-like elements into other promoter constructs will also provide increased levels of primary transcription to accomplish the invention. These would include viral enhancers such as that found in the 35S promoter [Odell et al. (1988) Plant Mol. Biol.

10:263-272], enhancers from the opine genes [Fromm et al. (1989) Plant Cell 1:977-984], or enhancers from any other source that result in increased transcription when placed into a promoter operably linked to the nucleic acid fragment of the invention.

Of particular importance is the DNA sequence element isolated from the gene for the ct'-subunit of P-conglycinin that can confer 40-fold seed-specific enhancement to a constitutive promoter [Chen et al. (1988) EMBO J. 7:297-302; Chen et al. (1989) Dev. Genet. 10:112-122]. One skilled in the art can readily isolate this element and insert it within the promoter region of any gene in order to obtain seed-specific enhanced expression with the promoter in transgenic plants.

Insertion of such an element in any seed-specific gene that is expressed at different times than the P-conglycinin gene will result in expression in transgenic plants for a longer period during seed development.

Any 3' non-coding region capable of providing a polyadenylation signal and other regulatory sequences that may be required for the proper expression can be used to accomplish the invention. This would include the 3' end from any storage protein such as the 3' end of the bean phaseolin gene, the 3' end of the soybean P-conglycinin gene, the 3' end from viral genes such as the 3' end of the 35S or the 19S cauliflower mosaic virus transcripts, the 3' end from the opine synthesis genes, the 3' ends ofribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase or chlorophyll a/b binding protein, or 3' end sequences from any source such that the sequence employed provides the necessary regulatory information within its nucleic acid sequence to result in the proper expression of the promoter/coding region combination to which it is operably linked. There are numerous examples in the art that teach the usefulness of different 3' non-coding regions [for example, see Ingelbrecht et al. (1989) Plant Cell 1:671-680].

WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 DNA sequences coding for intracellular localization sequences may be added to the lysC and daA coding sequence if required for the proper expression of the proteins to accomplish the invention. Plant amino acid biosynthetic enzymes are known to be localized in the chloroplasts and therefore are synthesized with a chloroplast targeting signal. Bacterial proteins such as DHDPS and AKIII have no such signal. A chloroplast transit sequence could, therefore, be fused to the dapA and lysC coding sequences. Preferred chloroplast transit sequences are those of the small subunit of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, e.g. from soybean [Berry-Lowe et al. (1982) J. Mol. Appl. Genet. 1:483-498] for use in dicotyledonous plants and from corn [Lebrun et al. (1987) Nucleic Acids Res. 15:4360] for use in monocotyledonous plants.

Introduction of Chimeric Genes into Plants Various methods of introducing a DNA sequence of transforming) into eukaryotic cells of higher plants are available to those skilled in the art (see EPO publications 0 295 959 A2 and 0 138 341 Al). Such methods include those based on transformation vectors based on the Ti and Ri plasmids ofAgrobacterium spp.

It is particularly preferred to use the binary type of these vectors. Ti-derived vectors transform a wide variety of higher plants, including monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants, such as soybean, cotton and rape [Pacciotti et al.

(1985) Bio/Technology 3:241; Byrne et al. (1987) Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 8:3; Sukhapinda et al. (1987) Plant Mol. Biol. 8:209-216; Lorz et al.

(1985) Mol. Gen. Genet. 199:178; Potrykus (1985) Mol. Gen. Genet. 199:183].

For introduction into plants the chimeric genes of the invention can be inserted into binary vectors as described in Examples 7-12 and 14-16. The vectors are part of a binary Ti plasmid vector system [Bevan, (1984) Nucl. Acids. Res.

12:8711-8720] of Agrobacterium tumefaciens.

Other transformation methods are available to those skilled in the art, such as direct uptake of foreign DNA constructs [see EPO publication 0 295 959 A2], techniques of electroporation [see Fromm et al. (1986) Nature (London) 319:791] or high-velocity ballistic bombardment with metal particles coated with the nucleic acid constructs [see Kline et al. (1987) Nature (London) 327:70, and see U.S. Pat. No. 4,945,050]. Once transformed, the cells can be regenerated by those skilled in the art.

Of particular relevance are the recently described methods to transform foreign genes into commercially important crops, such as rapeseed [see De Block et al. (1989) Plant Physiol. 91:694-701], sunflower [Everett et al. (1987) Bio/Technology 5:1201], soybean [McCabe et al. (1988) Bio/Technology 6:923; Hinchee et al. (1988) Bio/Technology 6:915; Chee et al. (1989) Plant Physiol.

WO 98/42831 PCTIUS98/06051 91:1212-1218; Christou et al. (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA 86:7500-7504; EPO Publication 0 301 749 A2], and corn [Gordon-Kamm et al. (1990) Plant Cell 2:603-618; Fromm et al. (1990) Biotechnology 8:833-839].

For introduction into plants by high-velocity ballistic bombardment, the chimeric genes of the invention can be inserted into suitable vectors as described in Example 6. Transformed plants can be obtained as described in Examples 17-19.

Expression of IvsC and dapA Chimeric Genes in Tobacco Plants To assay for expression of the chimeric genes in leaves or seeds of the transformed plants, the AKIII or DHDPS proteins can be detected and quantitated enzymatically and/or immunologically by methods known to those skilled in the art. In this way lines producing high levels of expressed protein can be easily identified.

In order to measure the free amino acid composition of the leaves, free amino acids can be extracted by various methods including those as described in Example 7. To measure the free or total amino acid composition of seeds, extracts can be prepared by various methods including those as described in Example 8.

There was no significant effect of expression of AKIII or AKIII-M4 (with a chloroplast targeting signal) on the free lysine or threonine (or any other amino acid) levels in the leaves (see Table 2 in Example Since AKIII-M4 is insensitive to feedback inhibition by any of the end-products of the pathway, this indicates that control must be exerted at other steps in the biosynthetic pathway in leaves.

In contrast, expression of the AKIII or AKIII-M4 (with a chloroplast targeting signal) in the seeds resulted in 2 to 4-fold or 4 to 23-fold increases, respectively, in the level of free threonine in the seeds compared to untransformed plants and 2 to 3-fold increases in the level of free lysine in some cases (Table 3, Example There was a good correlation between transformants expressing higher levels of AKIII or AKIII-M4 protein and those having higher levels of free threonine, but this was not the case for lysine. The relatively small increases of free threonine or lysine achieved with the AKIII protein were not sufficient to yield detectable increases compared to untransformed plants, in the levels of total threonine or lysine in the seeds. The larger increases of free threonine achieved via expression of the AKIII-M4 protein were sufficient to yield detectable increases, compared to seeds from untransformed plants, in the levels of total threonine in the seeds. Sixteen to twenty-five percent increases in total threonine content of the seeds were observed. The lines that showed increased total WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 threonine were the same ones that showed the highest levels of increase in free threonine and high expression of the AKIII-M4 protein.

The above teachings show that amino acid biosynthesis takes place in seeds and can be modulated by the expression of foreign genes encoding amino acid biosynthetic enzymes. Furthermore, they show that control of an amino acid biosynthetic pathway can differ markedly from one plant organ to another, e.g.

seeds and leaves. The importance of this observation is emphasized upon considering the different effects of expressing a foreign DHDPS in leaves and seeds described below. It can be concluded that threonine biosynthesis in seeds is controlled primarily via end-product inhibition of AK. Therefore, threonine accumulation in the seeds of plants can be increased by expression of a gene, introduced via transformation, that encodes AK which is insensitive to lysine inhibition and which is localized in the chloroplast.

The above teachings also demonstrate that transformed plants which express higher levels of the introduced enzyme in seeds accumulate higher levels of free threonine in seeds. Furthermore, the teachings demonstrate that transformed plants which express a lysine-insensitive AK in seeds accumulate higher levels of free threonine in seeds than do transformed plants which express similar levels of a lysine-sensitive AK. To achieve commercially valuable increases in free threonine, a lysine-insensitive AK is preferred.

These teachings indicate that the level of free lysine in seeds controls the accumulation of another aspartate-derived amino acid, threonine, through endproduct inhibition of AK. In order to accumulate high levels of free lysine itself, it will be necessary to bypass lysine inhibition of AK via expression of a lysineinsensitive AK.

Expression of active E. coli DHDPS enzyme was achieved in both young and mature leaves of the transformed tobacco plants (Table 4, Example High levels of free lysine, 50 to 100-fold higher than normal tobacco plants, accumulated in the young leaves of the plants expressing the enzyme with a chloroplast targeting signal, but not without such a targeting signal. However, a much smaller accumulation of free lysine (2 to 8-fold) was seen in the larger leaves. Experiments that measure lysine in the phloem suggest that lysine is exported from the large leaves. This exported lysine may contribute to the accumulation of lysine in the small growing leaves, which are known to take up, rather than export nutrients. No effect on the free lysine levels in the seeds of these plants was observed even though E. coli DHDPS enzyme was expressed in the seeds as well as the leaves.

WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 High level seed-specific expression ofE. coli DHDPS enzyme, either with or without a chloroplast targeting signal, had no effect on the total, or free, lysine or threonine (or any other amino acid) composition of the seeds in any transformed line (Table 5, Example 10). These results demonstrate that expression in seeds of a DHDPS enzyme that is substantially insensitive to lysine inhibition is not sufficient to lead to increased production or accumulation of free lysine.

These teachings from transformants expressing the E. coli DHDPS enzyme indicate that lysine biosynthesis in leaves is controlled primarily via end-product inhibition of DHDPS, while in seeds there must be at least one additional point of control in the pathway. The teachings from transformants expressing the E. coli AKIII and AKIII-M4 enzymes indicate that the level of free lysine in seeds controls the accumulation of all aspartate-derived amino acids through endproduct inhibition of AK. AK is therefore an additional control point.

To achieve simultaneous, high level expression of both E. coli DHDPS and AKIII-M4 in leaves and seeds, plants that express each of the genes could be crossed and hybrids that express both could be selected. Another method would be to construct vectors that contain both genes on the same DNA fragment and introduce the linked genes into plants via transformation. This is preferred because the genes would remain linked throughout subsequent plant breeding efforts. Representative vectors carrying both genes on the same DNA fragment are described in Examples 11, 12, 15, 16, 18, 19, and Tobacco plants transformed with a vector carrying both E. coli DHDPS and AKIII-M4 genes linked to the 35S promoter are described in Example 11. In transformants that express little or no AKIII-M4, the level of expression of E. coli DHDPS determines the level of lysine accumulation in leaves (Example 11, Table However, in transformants that express both AKIII-M4 and E. coli DHDPS, the level of expression of each protein plays a role in controlling the level of lysine accumulation. Transformed lines that express DHDPS at comparable levels accumulate more lysine when AKIII-M4 is also expressed (Table 6, compare lines 564-18A, 564-56A, 564-36E, 564-55B, and 564-47A).

Thus, expression of a lysine-insensitive AK increases lysine accumulation in leaves when expressed in concert with a DHDPS enzyme that is 20-fold less sensitive to lysine than the endogenous plant enzyme.

These leaf results, taken together with the seed results derived from expressing E. coli AKIII-M4 and E. coli DHDPS separately in seeds, suggest that simultaneous expression of both E. coli AKIII-M4 and E. coli DHDPS in seeds would lead to increased accumulation of free lysine and would also lead to an WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 increased accumulation of free threonine. Tobacco plants transformed with a vector carrying both E. coli DHDPS and AKIII-M4 genes linked to the phaseolin promoter are described in Example 12. There is an increased accumulation of free lysine and free threonine in these plants. The increased level of free threonine was 4-fold over normal seeds, rather than the 20-fold increase seen in seeds expressing AKIII-M4 alone. The reduction in accumulation of free threonine indicates that pathway intermediates are being diverted down the lysine branch of the biosynthetic pathway. The increased level of free lysine was 2-fold over normal seeds (or seeds expressing E. coli DHDPS alone). However, the lysine increase in seeds is not equivalent to the 100-fold increase seen in leaves.

The E. coli DHDPS enzyme is less sensitive to lysine inhibition than plant DHDPS, but is still inhibited by lysine. The above teachings on the AK proteins indicate that expression of a completely lysine-insensitive enzyme can lead to a much greater accumulation of the aspartate pathway end-product threonine than expression of an enzyme which, while less sensitive than the plant enzyme, is still inhibited by lysine. Therefore vectors carrying both CorynebacteriumDHDPS and AKIII-M4 genes linked to the seed-specific promoters were constructed as described in Examples 15 and 19. Tobacco plants transformed with vectors carrying both Corynebacterium DHDPS and AKIII-M4 genes linked to seedspecific promoters are described in Example 15. As shown in Table 9, these plants did not show a greater accumulation of free lysine in seeds than previously described plants expressing the E. coli DHDPS enzyme in concert with the lysineinsensitive AK. In hindsight this result can be explained by the fact that lysine accumulation in seeds never reached a level high enough to inhibit the E. coli DHDPS, so replacement of this enzyme with lysine-insensitive Corynebacterium DHDPS had no effect.

In transformed lines expressing high levels of E. coli AKIII-M4 and E. coli DHDPS or Corynebacterium DHDPS, it was possible to detect substantial amounts of ca-aminoadipic acid in seeds. This compound is thought to be an intermediate in the catabolism of lysine in cereal seeds, but is normally detected only via radioactive tracer experiments due to its low level of accumulation. The discovery of high levels of this intermediate, comparable to levels of free amino acids, indicates that a large amount of lysine is being produced in the seeds of these transformed lines and is entering the catabolic pathway. The build-up of a-aminoadipic acid was not observed in transformants expressing only E. coli DHDPS or only AKIII-M4 in seeds. These results show that it is necessary to express both enzymes simultaneously to produce high levels of free lysine in seeds. To accumulate high levels of free lysine it may also be necessary to WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 prevent lysine catabolism. Alternatively, it may be desirable to convert the high levels of lysine produced into a form that is insensitive to breakdown, e.g. by incorporating it into a di-, tri- or oligopeptide, or a lysine-rich storage protein.

Expression of IvsC and dapA Chimeric Genes in Rapeseed and Soybean Plants To analyze for expression of the chimeric lvsC and dapA genes in seeds of transformed rapeseed and soybean and to determine the consequences of expression on the amino acid content in the seeds, a seed meal can be prepared as described in Examples 16 or 19 or by any other suitable method. The seed meal can be partially or completely defatted, via hexane extraction for example, if desired. Protein extracts can be prepared from the meal and analyzed for AK and/or DHDPS enzyme activity. Alternatively the presence of the AK and/or DHDPS protein can be tested for immunologically by methods well-known to those skilled in the art. To measure free amino acid composition of the seeds, free amino acids can be extracted from the meal and analyzed by methods known to those skilled in the art (see Examples 8, 16 and 19 for suitable procedures).

All of the rapeseed transformants obtained from a vector carrying the cordapA gene expressed the Corynebacterium DHDPS protein, and six of eight transformants obtained from a vector carrying the lvsC-M4 gene expressed the AKIII-M4 protein (Example 16, Table 12). Thus it is straightforward to express these proteins in oilseed rape seeds. Transformants expressing DHDPS protein showed a greater than 100-fold increase in free lysine level in their seeds. There was a good correlation between transformants expressing higher levels of DHDPS protein and those having higher levels of free lysine. One transformant that expressed AKIII-M4 in the absence of Corynebacteria DHDPS showed a increase in the level of free threonine in the seeds. Concomitant expression of both enzymes resulted in accumulation of high levels of free lysine, but not threonine.

A high level of a-aminoadipic acid, indicative of lysine catabolism, was observed in many of the transformed lines, especially lines expressing the highest levels of DHDPS and AKIII protein. Thus, prevention of lysine catabolism by inactivation of lysine ketoglutarate reductase should further increase the accumulation of free lysine in the seeds. Alternatively, incorporation of lysine into a peptide or lysine-rich protein would prevent catabolism and lead to an increase in the accumulation of lysine in the seeds.

To measure the total amino acid composition of mature rapeseed seeds, defatted meal was analyzed as described in Example 16. Relative amino acid levels in the seeds were compared as percentages of lysine to total amino acids.

WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 Seeds with a 5-100% increase in the lysine level, compared to the untransformed control, were observed. The transformant with the highest lysine content expressed high levels of both E. coli AKIII-M4 and Corynebacterium DHDPS. In this transformant lysine makes up about 13% of the total seed amino acids, considerably higher than any previously known rapeseed seed.

Six of seven soybean transformants expressed the DHDPS protein. In the six transformants that expressed DHDPS, there was excellent correlation between expression of GUS and DHDPS in individual seeds. Therefore, the GUS and DHDPS genes are integrated at the same site in the soybean genome. Four of seven transformants expressed the AKIII protein, and again there was excellent correlation between expression of AKIII, GUS and DHDPS in individual seeds.

Thus, in these four transformants the GUS, AKIII and DHDPS genes are integrated at the same site in the soybean genome.

Soybean transformants expressing Corynebacteria DHDPS alone and in concert with E. coli AKIII-M4 accumulated high levels of free lysine in their seeds. A high level of saccharopine, the first metabolic product of lysine catabolism, was also observed in seeds that contained high levels of lysine.

Lesser amounts of a-amino adipic acid were also observed. Thus, prevention of lysine catabolism by inactivation of lysine ketoglutarate reductase should further increase the accumulation of free lysine in the soybean seeds. Alternatively, incorporation of lysine into a peptide or lysine-rich protein would prevent catabolism and lead to an increase in the accumulation of lysine in the soybean seeds.

Analyses of free lysine levels in individual seeds from transformants in which the transgenes segregated as a single locus revealed that the increase in free lysine level was significantly higher in about one-fourth of the seeds. Since onefourth of the seeds are expected to be homozygous for the transgene, it is likely that the higher lysine seeds are the homozygotes. Furthermore, this indicates that the level of increase in free lysine is dependent upon the transgene copy number.

Therefore, lysine levels could be further increased by making hybrids of two different transformants, and obtaining progeny that are homozygous at both transgene loci.

The soybean seeds expressing Corynebacteria DHDPS showed substantial increases in accumulation of total seed lysine. Seeds with a 5-35% increase in total lysine content, compared to the untransformed control, were observed. In these seeds lysine makes up 7.5-7.7% of the total seed amino acids.

Soybean seeds expressing Corynebacteria DHDPS in concert with E. coli AKIII-M4 showed much greater accumulation of total seed lysine than those WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 expressing Corynebacteria DHDPS alone. Seeds with a more than four-fold increase in total lysine content were observed. In these seeds lysine makes up 20-25% of the total seed amino acids, considerably higher than any previously known soybean seed.

Expression of lvsC and dapA Chimeric Genes in Corn Plants Corn plants regenerated from transformed callus can be analyzed for the presence of the intact lvsC and dapA transgenes via Southern blot or PCR. Plants carrying the genes are either selfed or outcrossed to an elite line to generate FI seeds. Six to eight seeds are pooled and assayed for expression of the Corynebacterium DHDPS protein and the E. coli AKIII-M4 protein by western blot analysis. The free amino acid composition and total amino acid composition of the seeds are determined as described above.

Expression of the Corynebacterium DHDPS protein, and/or the E. coli AKIII-M4 protein can be obtained in the embryo of the seed using regulatory sequences active in the embryo, preferably derived from the globulin 1 gene, or in the endosperm using regulatory sequences active in the endosperm, preferably derived from the glutelin 2 gene or the 10 kD zein gene (see Example 26 for details). Free lysine levels in the seeds is increased from about 1.4% of free amino acids in control seeds to 15-27% in seeds of transformants expressing Corynebacterium DHDPS alone from the globulin 1 promoter. The increased free lysine was localized to the embryo in seeds expressing Corynebacterium DHDPS from the globulin 1 promoter.

The large increases in free lysine result in significant increases in the total seed lysine content. Total lysine levels can be increased at least 130% in seeds expressing Corynebacterium DHDPS from the globulin 1 promoter. Greater increases in free lysine levels can be achieved by expressing E. coli AKIII-M4 protein from the globulin 1 promoter in concert with Corynebacterium DHDPS.

Lysine catabolism is expected to be much greater in the corn endosperm than the embryo. Thus, to achieve significant lysine increases in the endosperm it is preferable to express both Corynebacterium DHDPS and the E. coli AKIII-M4 in the endosperm and to reduce lysine catabolism by reducing the level of lysine ketoglutarate reductase as described below.

Isolation of a Plant Lvsine Ketoglutarate Reductase Gene It may be desirable to prevent lysine catabolism in order to accumulate higher levels of free lysine and to prevent accumulation of lysine breakdown products such as saccharopine and a-amino adipic acid. Evidence indicates that WO 98/42831 PCT[S98/06051 lysine is catabolized in plants via the saccharopine pathway. The first enzymatic evidence for the existence of this pathway was the detection of lysine ketoglutarate reductase (LKR) activity in immature endosperm of developing maize seeds [Arruda et al. (1982) Plant Physiol. 69:988-989]. LKR catalyzes the first step in lysine catabolism, the condensation of L-lysine with a-ketoglutarate into saccharopine using NADPH as a cofactor. LKR activity increases sharply from the onset of endosperm development in corn, reaches a peak level at about days after pollination, and then declines [Arruda et al. (1983) Phytochemistry 22:2687-2689]. In order to prevent the catabolism of lysine it would be desirable to reduce or eliminate LKR expression or activity. This could be accomplished by cloning the LKR gene, preparing a chimeric gene for cosuppression of LKR or preparing a chimeric gene to express antisense RNA for LKR, and introducing the chimeric gene into plants via transformation. Alternatively, plant mutants could be obtained wherein LKR enzyme activity is absent.

Several methods to clone a plant LKR gene are available to one skilled in the art. The protein can be purified from corn endosperm, as described in Brochetto-Braga et al. [(1992) Plant Physiol. 98:1139-1147] and used to raise antibodies. The antibodies can then be used to screen an cDNA expression library for LKR clones. Alternatively the purified protein can be used to determine amino acid sequence at the amino-terminal of the protein or from protease derived internal peptide fragments. Degenerate oligonucleotide probes can be prepared based upon the amino acid sequence and used to screen a plant cDNA or genomic DNA library via hybridization.

Another method makes use of an E. coli strain that is unable to grow in a synthetic medium containing 20 tg/mL of L-lysine. Expression of LKR fulllength cDNA in this strain will reverse the growth inhibition by reducing the lysine concentration. Construction of a suitable E. coli strain and its use to select clones from a plant cDNA library that lead to lysine-resistant growth is described in Example Yet another method relies upon homology between plant LKR and saccharopine dehydrogenase. Fungal saccharopine dehydrogenase (glutamateforming) and saccharopine dehydrogenase (lysine-forming) catalyze the final two steps in the fungal lysine biosynthetic pathway. Plant LKR and fungal saccharopine dehydrogenase (lysine-forming) catalyze both forward and reverse reactions, use identical substrates and use similar co-factors. Similarly, plant saccharopine dehydrogenase (glutamate-forming), which catalyzes the second step in the lysine catabolic pathway, works in both forward and reverse reactions, uses identical substrates and uses similar co-factors as fungal saccharopine WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 dehydrogenase (glutamate-forming). Several genes for fungal saccharopine dehydrogenases have been isolated and sequenced and are readily available to those skilled in the art [Xuan et al. (1990) Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:4795-4806, Feller et al. (1994) Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:6411-6418]. These genes could be used as heterologous hybridization probes to identify plant LKR and plant saccharopine dehydrogenase (glutamate-forming) nucleic acid fragments, or alternatively to identify homologous protein coding regions in plant cDNAs.

Biochemical and genetic evidence derived from human and bovine studies has demonstrated that mammalian LKR and saccharopine dehydrogenase (glutamate-forming) enzyme activities are present on a single protein with a monomer molecular weight of about 117,000. This contrasts with the fungal enzymes which are carried on separate proteins, saccharopine dehydrogenase (lysine-forming) with a molecular weight of about 44,000, and saccharopine dehydrogenase (glutamate-forming) with a molecular weight of about 51,000.

Plant LKR has been reported to have a molecular weight of about 140,000 indicating that it is like the animal catabolic protein wherein both LKR and saccharopine dehydrogenase (glutamate-forming) enzyme activities are present on a single protein.

Two plant saccharopine dehydrogenase (glutamate-forming) nucleic acid fragments (SEQ ID NOS:102 and 103) containing cDNA derived from Arabidopsis thaliana are provided. These were identified as cDNAs that encode proteins homologous to fungal saccharopine dehydrogenase (glutamate-forming).

These nucleic acid fragments were used to design and synthesize oligonucleotide primers (SEQ ID NO:108 and SEQ ID NO:109). The primers were synthesized and used for PCR amplification of a 2.24 kb DNA fragment from genomic Arabidopsis DNA. This DNA fragment was used to isolate a larger genomic DNA fragment, which included the entire coding region, as well as 5' and 3' flanking regions, via hybridization to a genomic DNA library. The sequence of this genomic DNA fragment is provided (SEQ ID NO:110); oligonucleotides were synthesized based on this sequence and used to isolate a full length cDNA via RT-PCR. The sequence of the full length cDNA (SEQ ID NO:1 11) is provided.

These nucleic acid fragments can be used as hybridization probes to identify and isolate genomic DNA fragments or cDNA fragments encoding both LKR and saccharopine dehydrogenase (glutamate-forming) enzyme activities from any plant desired.

The deduced amino acid sequence of Arabidopsis LKR/SDH protein is shown in SEQ ID NO:112. The amino acid sequence shows that in plants LKR and SDH enzyme activities are carried on a single bi-functional protein, and that WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 the protein lacks an N-terminal targeting sequence indicating that the lysine degradative pathway is located in the plant cell cytosol. The amino acid sequence of Arabidopsis LKR/SDH protein was compared to that of other LKR and SDH proteins thus revealing regions of conserved amino acid sequence. Degenerate oligonucleotides can be designed based upon this information and used to amplify genomic or cDNA fragments via PCR from other organisms, preferably plants.

As an example of this, SEQ ID NO:113 and SEQ ID NO:114 were designed and used to amplify soybean and corn LKR/SDH cDNA fragments. The sequence of a partial soybean LKR/SDH cDNA is shown in SEQ ID NO:115, and the sequence of a partial corn cDNA is shown in SEQ ID NO:116. These DNA fragments can be used to isolate larger genomic DNA fragments, which include the entire coding region, as well as 5' and 3' flanking regions, via hybridization to corn or soybean genomic DNA or cDNA libraries, as was done for Arabidopsis. More complete sequence information from the coding regions for soybean and corn LKR/SDH was obtained using the sequences in SEQ ID NOS: 115 and 116 as starting materials in protocols such as 5' RACE and hybridization to cDNA libraries. A near full-length cDNA for soybean LKR/SDH is shown in SEQ ID NO:119, and a near full-length cDNA for corn LKR/SDH is shown in SEQ ID NO:120. A truncated version of the LKR/SDH cDNA from corn is set forth in SEQ ID NO:123.

The deduced partial amino acid sequences of soybean LRK/SDH protein is shown in SEQ ID NOS:117 and 121 and the deduced partial amino acid sequences of corn LKR/SDH protein is shown in SEQ ID NO:118, 122 and 124. These amino acid sequences can be compared to other LKR/SDH protein sequences, the Arabidopsis LKR/SDH protein sequence, thus revealing regions of conserved amino acid sequence. With this information oligonucleotide primers can be designed and synthesized to permit isolation of LKR/SDH genomic or cDNA fragments from any plant source.

The availibility of sequence information for plant LKR/SDH proteins from Arabidopsis, soybean, and corn allowed comparisons of those sequences to EST sequences obtained from other plants, including ESTs from rice and wheat. SEQ ID NOS:125 and 127 set forth sequences for partial cDNA clones encoding LKR/SDH from rice, and SEQ ID NO:129 set forth the sequence of a partial cDNA encoding a ffragment of LKR/SDH from wheat. The prdicted protein fragments encoded by the sequences presented in SEQ ID NOS:125, 127 and 129 are set forth in SEQ ID NOS:126, 128 and 130, respectively, The availability of plant LKR/SDH genes makes it possible to block expression of the LKR/SDH gene in transformed plants. To accomplish this a WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 chimeric gene designed for cosuppression of LKR can be constructed by linking the LKR gene or gene fragment to any of the plant promoter sequences described above. (See U.S. Patent No. 5,231,020 for methodology to block plant gene expression via cosuppression.) Alternatively, a chimeric gene designed to express antisense RNA for all or part of the LKR gene can be constructed by linking the LKR gene or gene fragment in reverse orientation to any of the plant promoter sequences described above. (See U.S. Patent 5,107,065 for methodology to block plant gene expression via antisense RNA.) Either the cosuppression or antisense chimeric gene can be introduced into plants via transformation. Transformants wherein expression of the endogenous LKR gene is reduced or eliminated are then selected.

Preferred promoters for the chimeric genes would be seed-specific promoters. For soybean, rapeseed and other dicotyledonous plants, strong seedspecific promoters from a bean phaseolin gene, a soybean P-conglycinin gene, glycinin gene, Kunitz trypsin inhibitor gene, or rapeseed napin gene would be preferred. For corn and other monocotyledonous plants, a strong endospermspecific promoter, the 10 kD or 27 kD zein promoter, or a strong embryospecific promoter, the FLB1 promoter, would be preferred.

Transformed plants containing any of the chimeric LKR genes can be obtained by the methods described above. In order to obtain transformed plants that express a chimeric gene for cosuppression of LKR or antisense LKR, as well as a chimeric gene encoding substantially lysine-insensitive DHDPS, the cosuppression or antisense LKR gene could be linked to the chimeric gene encoding substantially lysine-insensitve DHDPS and the two genes could be introduced into plants via transformation. Alternatively, the chimeric gene for cosuppression of LKR or antisense LKR could be introduced into previously transformed plants that express substantially lysine-insensitive DHDPS, or the cosuppression or antisense LKR gene could be introduced into normal plants and the transformants obtained could be crossed with plants that express substantially lysine-insensitive

DHDPS.

The availability of plant LKR/SDH genes makes it possible to express the proteins in heterologous systems. To demonstrate this, a DNA fragment which includes the Arabidopsis SDH coding region (SEQ ID NO:119) was generated using PCR primers and ligated into a prokaryotic expression vector. High level expression of Arabidopsis SDH was achieved in E. coli and the SDH protein has been purified from the bacterial extracts, and used to raise rabbit antibodies to the protein. These antibodies can be used to screen for plant mutants in order to find variants which do not produce LKR/SDH protein, or produce reduced amounts of WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 the protein compared to the parent plant. The plant mutants that express reduced LKR/SDH protein, or no protein at all, could be crossed with plants that express substantially lysine-insensitive

DHDPS.

Design of Lysine-Rich Polvpentides It may be desirable to convert the high levels of lysine produced into a form that is insensitive to breakdown, by incorporating it into a di-, tri- or oligopeptide, or a lysine-rich storage protein. No natural lysine-rich proteins are known.

One aspect of this invention is the design of polypeptides which can be expressed in vivo to serve as lysine-rich seed storage proteins. Polypeptides are linear polymers of amino acids where the a-carboxyl group of one amino acid is covalently bound to the a-amino group of the next amino acid in the chain. Noncovalent interactions among the residues in the chain and with the surrounding solvent determine the final conformation of the molecule. Those skilled in the art must consider electrostatic forces, hydrogen bonds, Van der Waals forces, hydrophobic interactions, and conformational preferences of individual amino acid residues in the design of a stable folded polypeptide chain [see for example: Creighton, (1984) Proteins, Structures and Molecular Properties, W. H. Freeman and Company, New York, pp 133-197, or Schulz et al., (1979) Principles of Protein Structure, Springer Verlag, New York, pp 27-45]. The number of interactions and their complexity suggest that the design process may be aided by the use of natural protein models where possible.

The synthetic storage proteins (SSPs) embodied in this invention are chosen to be polypeptides with the potential to be enriched in lysine relative to average levels of proteins in plant seeds. Lysine is a charged amino acid at physiological pH and is therefore found most often on the surface of protein molecules [Chothia, (1976) Journal of Molecular Biology 105:1-14]. To maximize lysine content, Applicants chose a molecular shape with a high surface-to-volume ratio for the synthetic storage proteins embodied in this invention. The alternatives were either to stretch the common globular shape of most proteins to form a rod-like extended structure or to flatten the globular shape to a disk-like structure. Applicants chose the former configuration as there are several natural models for long rod-like proteins in the class of fibrous proteins [Creighton, (1984) Proteins, Structures and Molecular Properties, W.H. Freeman and Company, New York, p 191].

Coiled-coils constitute a well-studied subset of the class of fibrous proteins [see Cohen et al., (1986) Trends Biochem. Sci. 11:245-248]. Natural examples are found in a-keratins, paramyosin, light meromyosin and tropomyosin. These protein molecules consist of two parallel alpha helices twisted about each other in WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 a left-handed supercoil. The repeat distance of this supercoil is 140 A (compared to a repeat distance of 5.4 A for one turn of the individual helices). The supercoil causes a slight skew between the axes of the two individual alpha helices.

In a coiled coil there are 3.5 residues per turn of the individual helices resulting in an exact 7 residue periodicity with respect to the superhelix axis (see Figure Every seventh amino acid in the polypeptide chain therefore occupies an equivalent position with respect to the helix axis. Applicants refer to the seven positions in this heptad unit of the invention as (d e f g a b c) as shown in Figures 1 and 2a. This conforms to the conventions used in the coiled-coil literature.

The a and d amino acids of the heptad follow a 4,3 repeat pattern in the primary sequence and fall on one side of an individual alpha helix (See Figure 1).

If the amino acids on one side of an alpha helix are all non-polar, that face of the helix is hydrophobic and will associate with other hydrophobic surfaces as, for example, the non-polar face of another similar helix. A coiled-coil structure results when two helices dimerize such that their hydrophobic faces are aligned with each other (See Figure 2a).

The amino acids on the external faces of the component alpha helices c, e, f, g) are usually polar in natural coiled-coils in accordance with the expected pattern of exposed and buried residue types in globular proteins [Schulz, et al., (1979) Principles of Protein Structure. Springer Verlag, New York, p 12; Talbot, et al, (1982) Acc. Chem. Res. 15:224-230; Hodges et al., (1981) Journal of Biological Chemistry 256:1214-1224]. Charged amino acids are sometimes found forming salt bridges between positions e and g' or positions g and e' on the opposing chain (see Figure 2a).

Thus, two amphipathic helices like the one shown in Figure 1 are held together by a combination of hydrophobic interactions between the a, d, and d' residues and by salt bridges between e and g' and/or g and e' residues. The packing of the hydrophobic residues in the supercoil maintains the chains "in register". For short polypeptides comprising only a few turns of the component alpha helical chains, the 100 skew between the helix axes can be ignored and the two chains treated as parallel (as shown in Figure 2a).

A number of synthetic coiled-coils have been reported in the literature (Lau et al., (1984) Journal of Biological Chemistry 259:13253-13261; Hodges et al., (1988) Peptide Research 1:19-30; DeGrado et al., (1989) Science 243:622-628; O'Neil et al., (1990) Science 250:646-651]. Although these polypeptides vary in size, Lau et al. found that 29 amino acids were sufficient for dimerization to form the coiled-coil structure [Lau et al., (1984) Journal of Biological Chemistry WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 259:13253-13261]. Applicants constructed the polypeptides in this invention as 28-residue and larger chains for reasons of conformational stability.

The polypeptides of this invention are designed to dimerize with a coiledcoil motif in aqueous environments. Applicants have used a combination of hydrophobic interactions and electrostatic interactions to stabilize the coiled-coil conformation. Most nonpolar residues are restricted to the a and d positions which creates a hydrophobic stripe parallel to the axis of the helix. This is the dimerization face. Applicants avoided large, bulky amino acids along this face to minimize steric interference with dimerization and to facilitate formation of the stable coiled-coil structure.

Despite recent reports in the literature suggesting that methionine at positions a and d is destabilizing to coiled-coils in the leucine zipper subgroup [Landschulz et al., (1989) Science 243:1681-1688 and Hu et al., (1990) Science 250:1400-1403], Applicants chose to substitute methionine residues for leucine on the hydrophobic face of the SSP polypeptides. Methionine and leucine are similar in molecular shape (Figure Applicants demonstrated that any destabilization of the coiled-coil that may be caused by methionine in the hydrophobic core appears to be compensated in sequences where the formation of salt bridges (e-g' and occurs at all possible positions in the helix twice per heptad).

To the extent that it is compatible with the goal of creating a polypeptide enriched in lysine, Applicants minimized the unbalanced charges in the polypeptide. This may help to prevent undesirable interactions between the synthetic storage proteins and other plant proteins when the polypeptides are expressed in vivo.

The polypeptides of this invention are designed to spontaneously fold into a defined, conformationally stable structure, the alpha helical coiled-coil, with minimal restrictions on the primary sequence. This allows synthetic storage proteins to be custom-tailored for specific end-user requirements. Any amino acid can be incorporated at a frequency of up to one in every seven residues using the b, c, and f positions in the heptad repeat unit. Applicants note that up to 43% of an essential amino acid from the group isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, threonine, and valine can be incorporated and that up to 14% of the essential amino acids from the group phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine can be incorporated into the synthetic storage proteins of this invention.

In the SSPs only Met, Leu, Ile, Val or Thr are located in the hydrophobic core. Furthermore, the e, g, and g' positions in the SSPs are restricted such that an attractive electrostatic interaction always occurs at these positions between the WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 two polypeptide chains in an SSP dimer. This makes the SSP polypeptides more stable as dimers.

Thus, the novel synthetic storage proteins described in this invention represent a particular subset of possible coiled-coil polypeptides. Not all polypeptides which adopt an amphipathic alpha helical conformation in aqueous solution are suitable for the applications described here.

The following rules derived from Applicants' work define the SSP polypeptides that Applicants use in their invention: The synthetic polypeptide comprises n heptad units (d e f g a b each heptad being either the same or different, wherein: n is at least 4; a and d are independently selected from the group consisting of Met, Leu, Val, Ile and Thr; e and g are independently selected from the group consisting of the acid/base pairs Glu/Lys, Lys/Glu, Arg/Glu, Arg/Asp, Lys/Asp, Glu/Arg, Asp/Arg and Asp/Lys; and b, c and fare independently any amino acids except Gly or Pro and at least two amino acids of b, c and f in each heptad are selected from the group consisting of Glu, Lys, Asp, Arg, His, Thr, Ser, Asn, Gin, Cys and Ala.

Chimeric Genes Encoding Lysine-Rich Polvpeptides DNA sequences which encode the polypeptides described above can be designed based upon the genetic code. Where multiple codons exist for particular amino acids, codons should be chosen from those preferable for translation in plants. Oligonucleotides corresponding to these DNA sequences can be synthesized using an ABI DNA synthesizer, annealed with oligonucleotides corresponding to the complementary strand and inserted into a plasmid vector by methods known to those skilled in the art. The encoded polypeptide sequences can be lengthened by inserting additional annealed oligonucleotides at restriction endonuclease sites engineered into the synthetic gene. Some representative strategies for constructing genes encoding lysine-rich polypeptides of the invention, as well as DNA and amino acid sequences of preferred embodiments are provided in Example 21.

A chimeric gene designed to express RNA for a synthetic storage protein gene encoding a lysine-rich polypeptide can be constructed by linking the gene to any of the plant promoter sequences described above. Preferred promoters would be seed-specific promoters. For soybean, rapeseed and other dicotyledonous plants strong seed-specific promoters from a bean phaseolin gene, a soybean WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 P-conglycinin gene, glycinin gene, Kunitz trypsin inhibitor gene, or rapeseed napin gene would be preferred. For corn or other monocotyledonous plants, a strong endosperm-specific promoter, the 10 kD or 27 kD zein promoter, or a strong embyro-specific promoter, the corn globulin 1 promoter, would be preferred.

In order to obtain plants that express a chimeric gene for a synthetic storage protein gene encoding a lysine-rich polypeptide, plants can be transformed by any of the methods described above. In order to obtain plants that express both a chimeric SSP gene and chimeric genes encoding substantially lysine-insensitive DHDPS and AK, the SSP gene could be linked to the chimeric genes encoding substantially lysine-insensitive DHDPS and AK and the three genes could be introduced into plants via transformation. Alternatively, the chimeric SSP gene could be introduced into previously transformed plants that express substantially lysine-insensitive DHDPS and AK, or the SSP gene could be introduced into normal plants and the transformants obtained could be crossed with plants that express substantially lysine-insensitive DHDPS and AK.

Results from genetic crosses of transformed plants containing lysine biosynthesis genes with transformed plants containing lysine-rich protein genes (see Example 23) demonstrate that the total lysine levels in seeds can be increased by the coordinate expression of these genes. This result was especially striking because the gene copy number of all of the transgenes was reduced in the hybrid.

It is expected that the lysine level would be further increased if the biosynthesis genes and the lysine-rich protein genes were all homozygous.

Use of the cts/lvsC-M4 Chimeric Gene as a Selectable Marker for Plant Transformation Growth of cell cultures and seedlings of many plants is inhibited by high concentrations of lysine plus threonine. Growth is restored by addition of methionine (or homoserine which is converted to methionine in vivo). Lysine plus threonine inhibition is thought to result from feedback inhibition of endogenous AK, which reduces flux through the pathway leading to starvation for methionine.

In tobacco there are two AK enzymes in leaves, one lysine-sensitive and one threonine sensitive.[Negrutui et al. (1984) Theor. Appl. Genet. 68:11-20]. High concentrations of lysine plus threonine inhibit growth of shoots from tobacco leaf disks and inhibition is reversed by addition of low concentrations of methionine.

Thus, growth inhibition is presumably due to inhibition of the two AK isozymes.

Expression of active lysine and threonine insensitive AKIII-M4 also reverses lysine plus threonine growth inhibition (Table 2, Example There is a good correlation between the level of AKIII-M4 protein expressed and the WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 resistance to lysine plus threonine. Expression of lysine-sensitive wild type AKIII does not have a similar effect. Since expression of the AKIII-M4 protein permits growth under normally inhibitory conditions, a chimeric gene that causes expression of AKIII-M4 in plants can be used as a selectable genetic marker for transformation as illustrated in Examples 13 and 17.

EXAMPLES

The present invention is further defined in the following Examples, in which all parts and percentages are by weight and degrees are Celsius, unless otherwise stated. It should be understood that these Examples, while indicating preferred embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration only. From the above discussion and these Examples, one skilled in the art can ascertain the essential characteristics of this invention, and without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, can make various changes and modifications of the invention to adapt it to various usages and conditions.

EXAMPLE 1 Isolation of the E. coli IvsC Gene and mutations in IvsC resulting in lysine-insensitive AKIII The E. coli IvsC gene has been cloned, restriction endonuclease mapped and sequenced previously [Cassan et al. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261:1052-1057]. For the present invention the lvsC gene was obtained on a bacteriophage lambda clone from an ordered library of 3400 overlapping segments of cloned E. coli DNA constructed by Kohara, Akiyama and Isono [Kohara et al. (1987) Cell 50:595-508]. This library provides a physical map of the whole E. coli chromosome and ties the physical map to the genetic map. From the knowledge of the map position of lvsC at 90 min on the E. coli genetic map [Theze et al.

(1974) J. Bacteriol. 117:133-143], the restriction endonuclease map of the cloned gene [Cassan et al. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261:1052-1057], and the restriction endonuclease map of the cloned DNA fragments in the E. coli library [Kohara et al. (1987) Cell 50:595-508], it was possible to choose lambda phages 4E5 and 7A4 [Kohara et al. (1987) Cell 50:595-508] as likely candidates for carrying the lysC gene. The phages were grown in liquid culture from single plaques as described [see Current Protocols in Molecular Biology (1987) Ausubel et al. Eds.

John Wiley Sons New York] using LE392 as host [see Sambrook et al. (1989) Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press].

Phage DNA was prepared by phenol extraction as described [see Current Protocols in Molecular Biology (1987) Ausubel et al. eds. John Wiley Sons New York].

WO 98/42831 PCTIUS98/06051 From the sequence of the gene several restriction endonuclease fragments diagnostic for the lysC gene were predicted, including an 1860 bp EcoR I-Nhe I fragment, a 2140 bp EcoR I-Xmn I fragment and a 1600 bp EcoR I-BamH I fragment. Each of these fragments was detected in both of the phage DNAs confirming that these carried the lvsC gene. The EcoR I-Nhe I fragment was isolated and subcloned in plasmid pBR322 digested with the same enzymes, yielding an ampicillin-resistant, tetracycline-sensitive E. coli transformant. The plasmid was designated pBT436.

To establish that the cloned lvsC gene was functional, pBT436 was transformed into E. coli strain Gifl06Ml coli Genetic Stock Center strain CGSC-5074) which has mutations in each of the three E. coli AK genes [Theze et al. (1974) J. Bacteriol. 117:133-143]. This strain lacks all AK activity and therefore requires diaminopimelate (a precursor to lysine which is also essential for cell wall biosynthesis), threonine and methionine. In the transformed strain all these nutritional requirements were relieved demonstrating that the cloned lvsC gene encoded functional AKIII.

Addition of lysine (or diaminopimelate which is readily converted to lysine in vivo) at a concentration of approximately 0.2 mM to the growth medium inhibits the growth of Gifl06Ml transformed with pBT436. M9 media [see Sambrook et al. (1989) Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press] supplemented with the arginine and isoleucine, required for Gifl06M1 growth, and ampicillin, to maintain selection for the pBT436 plasmid, was used. This inhibition is reversed by addition of threonine plus methionine to the growth media. These results indicated that AKIII could be inhibited by exogenously added lysine leading to starvation for the other amino acids derived from aspartate. This property of pBT436-transformed Gifl06Ml was used to select for mutations in IvsC that encoded lysine-insensitive AKIII.

Single colonies of Gifl06Ml transformed with pBT436 were picked and resuspended in 200 ptL of a mixture of 100 ptL 1% lysine plus 100 pL of M9 media. The entire cell suspension containing 107-108 cells was spread on a petri dish containing M9 media supplemented with the arginine, isoleucine, and ampicillin. Sixteen petri dishes were thus prepared. From 1 to 20 colonies appeared on 11 of the 16 petri dishes. One or two (if available) colonies were picked and retested for lysine resistance and from this nine lysine-resistant clones were obtained. Plasmid DNA was prepared from eight of these and retransformed into Gifl06M 1 to determine whether the lysine resistance determinant was plasmid-bome. Six of the eight plasmid DNAs yielded lysineresistant colonies. Three of these six carried lvsC genes encoding AKIII that was WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 uninhibited by 15 mM lysine, whereas wild type AKIII is 50% inhibited by 0.3-0.4 mM lysine and >90% inhibited by 1 mM lysine (see Example 2 for details).

To determine the molecular basis for lysine-resistance the sequences of the wild type IvsC gene and three mutant genes were determined. A method for "Using mini-prep plasmid DNA for sequencing double stranded templates with Sequenase T M [Kraft et al. (1988) BioTechniques 6:544-545] was used.

Oligonucleotide primers, based on the published lysC sequence and spaced approximately every 200 bp, were synthesized to facilitate the sequencing. The sequence of the wild type IvsC gene cloned in pBT436 (SEQ ID NO:1) differed from the published lvsC sequence in the coding region at 5 positions. Four of these nucleotide differences were at the third position in a codon and would not result in a change in the amino acid sequence of the AKIII protein. One of the differences would result in a cysteine to glycine substitution at amino acid 58 of AKIII. These differences are probably due to the different strains from which the lvsC genes were cloned.

The sequences of the three mutant lvsC genes that encoded lysineinsensitive AK each differed from the wild type sequence by a single nucleotide, resulting in a single amino acid substitution in the protein. Mutant M2 had an A substituted for a G at nucleotide 954 of SEQ ID NO: 1 resulting in an isoleucine for methionine substitution at amino acid 318 and mutants M3 and M4 had identical T for C substitutions at nucleotide 1055 of SEQ ID NO:1 resulting in an isoleucine for threonine substitution at amino acid 352. Thus, either of these single amino acid substitutions is sufficient to render the AKIII enzyme insensitive to lysine inhibition.

EXAMPLE 2 High level expression of wild type and mutant IvsC genes in E. coli An Nco I (CCATGG) site was inserted at the translation initiation codon of the IvsC gene using the following oligonucleotides: SEQ ID NO:2: GATCCATGGC TGAAATTGTT GTCTCCAAAT TTGGCG SEQ ID NO:3: GTACCGCCAA ATTTGGAGAC AACAATTTCA GCCATG When annealed these oligonucleotides have BamH I and Asp718 "sticky" ends.

The plasmid pBT436 was digested with BamH I, which cuts upstream of the IvsC WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 coding sequence and Asp718 which cuts 31 nucleotides downstream of the initiation codon. The annealled oligonucleotides were ligated to the plasmid vector and E. coli transformants were obtained. Plasmid DNA was prepared and screened for insertion of the oligonucleotides based on the presence of an Nco I site. A plasmid containing the site was sequenced to assure that the insertion was correct, and was designated pBT457. In addition to creating an Nco I site at the initiation codon of lysC, this oligonucleotide insertion changed the second codon from TCT, coding for serine, to GCT, coding for alanine. This amino acid substitution has no apparent effect on the AKIII enzyme activity.

To achieve high level expression of the lvsC genes in E. coli, the bacterial expression vector pBT430 was used. This vector is a derivative ofpET-3a [Rosenberg et al. (1987) Gene 56:125-135] which employs the bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase/T7 promoter system. Plasmid pBT430 was constructed by first destroying the EcoR I and Hind III sites in pET-3a at their original positions. An oligonucleotide adaptor containing EcoR I and Hind III sites was inserted at the BamH I site ofpET-3a. This created pET-3aM with additional unique cloning sites for insertion of genes into the expression vector. Then, the Nde I site at the position of translation initiation was converted to an Nco I site using oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis. The DNA sequence of pET-3aM in this region, 5'-CATATGG, was converted to 5'-CCCATGG in pBT430.

The lvsC gene was cut out of plasmid pBT457 as a 1560 bp Nco I-EcoR I fragment and inserted into the expression vector pBT430 digested with the same enzymes, yielding plasmid pBT461. For expression of the mutant IvsC genes (M2, M3 and M4) pBT461 was digested with Kpn I-EcoR I, which removes the wild type IvsC gene from about 30 nucleotides downstream from the translation start codon, and inserting the homologous Kpn I-EcoR I fragments from the mutant genes yielding plasmids pBT490, pBT491 and pBT492, respectively.

For high level expression each of the plasmids was transformed into E. coli strain BL21(DE3) [Studier et al. (1986) J. Mol. Biol. 189:113-130]. Cultures were grown in LB medium containing ampicillin (100 mg/L) at 25 0 C. At an optical density at 600 nm of approximately 1, IPTG (isopropylthio-P-galactoside, the inducer) was added to a final concentration of 0.4 mM and incubation was continued for 3 h at 250. The cells were collected by centrifugation and resuspended in 1/20th (or 1/100th) the original culture volume in 50 mM NaCl; mM Tris-C1, pH 7.5; 1 mM EDTA, and frozen at -200. Frozen aliquots of 1 mL were thawed at 370 and sonicated, in an ice-water bath, to lyse the cells.

The lysate was centrifuged at 40 for 5 min at 15,000 rpm. The supernatant was removed and the pellet was resuspended in 1 mL of the above buffer.

WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 The supernatant and pellet fractions of uninduced and IPTG-induced cultures of BL21(DE3)/pBT461 were analyzed by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The major protein visible by Coomassie blue staining in the supernatant of the induced culture had a molecular weight of about 48 kd, the expected size for AKIII. About 80% of the AKIII protein was in the supernatant and AKIII represented 10-20% of the total E. coli protein in the extract.

AK activity was assayed as shown below: Assay mix (for 12 assay tubes): mL H 2 0 mL 8M KOH mL 8M NH 2 0H-HC1 mL 1M Tris-HCl pH mL 0.2M ATP (121 mg/mL in 0.2M NaOH) tL 1M MgSO 4 Each 1.5 mL eppendorf assay tube contained: 0.64 mL assay mix 0.04 mL 0.2 M L-aspartic acid or 0.04 mL H 2 0 0.0005-0.12 mL extract

H

2 0 to total volume 0.8 mL Assay tubes were incubated at 300 for desired time (10-60 min). Then 0.4 mL FeCl 3 reagent (10% w/v FeC13, 3.3% trichloroacetic acid, 0.7 M HC1) was added and the material centrifuged for 2 min in an eppendorf centrifuge. The supernatant was decanted. The OD was read at 540 nm and compared to the aspartyl-hydroxamate standard.

Approximately 80% of the AKIII activity was in the supernatant fraction.

The specific activity of wild type and mutant crude extracts was 5-7 pM product per min per milligram total protein. Wild type AKIII was sensitive to the presence of L-lysine in the assay. Fifty percent inhibition was found at a concentration of about 0.4 mM and 90% inhibition at about 1.0 mM. In contrast, mutants AKIII-M2, M3 and M4 (see Example 1) were not inhibited at all by mM L-lysine.

Wild type AKIII protein was purified from the supernatant of the IPTGinduced culture as follows. To 1 mL of extract, 0.25 mL of 10% streptomycin sulfate was added and kept at 40 overnight. The mixture was centrifuged at 40 for min at 15,000 rpm. The supernatant was collected and desalted using a Sephadex G-25 M column (Column PD-10, Pharmacia). It was then run on a WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 Mono-Q HPLC column and eluted with a 0-1M NaCI gradient. The two 1 mL fractions containing most of the AKIII activity were pooled, concentrated, desalted and run on an HPLC sizing column (TSK G3000SW). Fractions were eluted in 20 mM KPO 4 buffer, pH7.2, 2 mM MgSO 4 10 mM P-mercaptoethanol, 0.15 M KCI, 0.5 mM L-lysine and were found to be >95% pure by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Purified AKIII protein was sent to Hazelton Research Facility (310 Swampridge Road, Denver, PA 17517) to have rabbit antibodies raised against the protein.

EXAMPLE 3 Isolation of the E. coli and Corvnebacterium glutamicum dapA genes The E. coli dapA gene (ecodapA) has been cloned, restriction endonuclease mapped and sequenced previously [Richaud et al. (1986) J Bacteriol.

166:297-300]. For the present invention the dapA gene was obtained on a bacteriophage lambda clone from an ordered library of 3400 overlapping segments of cloned E. coli DNA constructed by Kohara, Akiyama and Isono [Kohara et al. (1987) Cell 50:595-508, see Example From the knowledge of the map position of dapA at 53 min on the E. coli genetic map [Bachman (1983) Microbiol. Rev. 47:180-230], the restriction endonuclease map of the cloned gene [Richaud et al. (1986) J. Bacteriol. 166:297-300], and the restriction endonuclease map of the cloned DNA fragments in the E. coli library [Kohara et al. (1987) Cell 50:595-508], it was possible to choose lambda phages 4C11 and 5A8 [Kohara et al. (1987) Cell 50:595-508] as likely candidates for carrying the daA gene.

The phages were grown in liquid culture from single plaques as described [see Current Protocols in Molecular Biology (1987) Ausubel et al. eds., John Wiley Sons New York] using LE392 as host [see Sambrook et al. (1989) Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press]. Phage DNA was prepared by phenol extraction as described [see Current Protocols in Molecular Biology (1987) Ausubel et al. eds., John Wiley Sons New York].

Both phages contained an approximately 2.8 kb Pst I DNA fragment expected for the daA gene [Richaud et al. (1986) J. Bacteriol. 166:297-300]. The fragment was isolated from the digest of phage 5A8 and inserted into Pst I digested vector pBR322 yielding plasmid pBT427.

The Corynebacterium danA gene (cordaA) was isolated from genomic DNA from ATCC strain 13032 using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The nucleotide sequence of the Corynebacterium daA gene has been published [Bonnassie et al. (1990) Nucleic Acids Res. 18:6421]. From the sequence it was possible to design oligonucleotide primers for PCR that would allow amplification of a DNA fragment containing the gene, and at the same time add unique WO 98/42831 PCT[US98/06051 restriction endonuclease sites at the start codon (Nco I) and just past the stop codon (EcoR I) of the gene. The oligonucleotide primers used were: SEQ ID NO:4: CCCGGGCCAT GGCTACAGGT TTAACAGCTA AGACCGGAGT AGAGCACT SEQ ID GATATCGAAT TCTCATTATA GAACTCCAGC TTTTTTC PCR was performed using a Perkin-Elmer Cetus kit according to the instructions of the vendor on a thermocycler manufactured by the same company.

The reaction product, when run on an agarose gel and stained with ethidium bromide, showed a strong DNA band of the size expected for the Corynebacterium dapA gene, about 900 bp. The PCR-generated fragment was digested with restriction endonucleases Nco I and EcoR I and inserted into expression vector pBT430 (see Example 2) digested with the same enzymes. In addition to introducing an Nco I site at the translation start codon, the PCR primers also resulted in a change of the second codon from AGC coding for serine to GCT coding for alanine. Several clones that expressed active, lysineinsensitive DHDPS (see Example 4) were isolated, indicating that the second codon amino acid substitution did not affect activity; one clone was designated FS766.

The Nco I to EcoR I fragment carrying the PCR-generated Corynebacterium dapA gene was subcloned into the phagemid vector pGEM-9Zf(-) from Promega, single-stranded DNA was prepared and sequenced. This sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO:6.

Aside from the differences in the second codon already mentioned, the sequence matched the published sequence except at two positions, nucleotides 798 and 799. In the published sequence these are TC, while in the gene shown in SEQ ID NO:6 they are CT. This change results in an amino acid substitution of leucine for serine. The reason for this difference is not known. It may be due to an error in the published sequence, the difference in strains used to isolate the gene, or a PCR-generated error. The latter seems unlikely since the same change was observed in at least 3 independently isolated PCR-generated dapA genes. The difference has no apparent effect on DHDPS enzyme activity (see Example 4).

WO 98/42831 PCTIUS98/06051 EXAMPLE 4 High level expression of the E. coli and Corvnebacterium glutamicum dapA genes in E. coli An Nco I (CCATGG) site was inserted at the translation initiation codon of the E. coli dapA gene using oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis. The 2.8 kb Pst I DNA fragment carrying the dapA gene in plasmid pBT427 (see Example 3) was inserted into the Pst I site of phagemid vector pTZ18R (Pharmacia) yielding pBT431. The orientation of the daA gene was such that the coding strand would be present on the single-stranded phagemid DNA. Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis was carried out using a Muta-Gene kit from Bio-Rad according to the manufacturer's protocol with the mutagenic primer shown below: SEQ ID NO:7: CTTCCCGTGA CCATGGGCCA TC Putative mutants were screened for the presence of an Nco I site and a plasmid, designated pBT437, was shown to have the proper sequence in the vicinity of the mutation by DNA sequencing. The addition of an Nco I site at the translation start codon also resulted in a change of the second codon from TTC coding for phenylalanine to GTC coding for valine.

To achieve high level expression of the dapA genes in E. coli the bacterial expression vector pBT430 (see Example 2) was used. The E. coli dapA gene was cut out of plasmid pBT437 as an 1150 bp Nco I-Hind III fragment and inserted into the expression vector pBT430 digested with the same enzymes, yielding plasmid pBT442. For expression of the Corynebacterium dapA gene, the 910 bp Nco I to EcoR I fragment of SEQ ID NO:6 inserted in pBT430 (pFS766, see Example 3) was used.

For high level expression each of the plasmids was transformed into E. coli strain BL21(DE3) [Studier et al. (1986) J. Mol. Biol. 189:113-130]. Cultures were grown in LB medium containing ampicillin (100 mg/L) at 250. At an optical density at 600 nm of approximately 1, IPTG (isopropylthio-p-galactoside, the inducer) was added to a final concentration of 0.4 mM and incubation was continued for 3 h at 250. The cells were collected by centrifugation and resuspended in 1/20th (or 1/100th) the original culture volume in 50 mM NaCl; mM Tris-Cl, pH 7.5; 1 mM EDTA, and frozen at -200. Frozen aliquots of 1 mL were thawed at 370 and sonicated, in an ice-water bath, to lyse the cells.

The lysate was centrifuged at 40 for 5 min at 15,000 rpm. The supernatant was removed and the pellet was resuspended in 1 mL of the above buffer.

WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 The supernatant and pellet fractions of uninduced and IPTG-induced cultures of BL21(DE3)/pBT442 or BL21(DE3)/pFS766 were analyzed by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The major protein visible by Coomassie blue staining in the supernatant and pellet fractions of both induced cultures had a molecular weight of 32-34 kd, the expected size for DHDPS. Even in the uninduced cultures this protein was the most prominent protein produced.

In the BL21(DE3)/pBT442 IPTG-induced culture about 80% of the DHDPS protein was in the supernatant and DHDPS represented 10-20% of the total protein in the extract. In the BL21(DE3)/pFS766 IPTG-induced culture more than of the DHDPS protein was in the pellet fraction. The pellet fractions in both cases were 90-95% pure DHDPS, with no other single protein present in significant amounts. Thus, these fractions were pure enough for use in the generation of antibodies. The pellet fractions containing 2-4 mg of either E. coli DHDPS or Corynebacterium DHDPS were solubilized in 50 mM NaCI; 50 mM Tris-Cl, pH 7.5; 1 mM EDTA, 0.2 mM dithiothreitol, 0.2% SDS and sent to Hazelton Research Facility (310 Swampridge Road, Denver, PA 17517) to have rabbit antibodies raised against the proteins.

DHDPS enzyme activity was assayed as follows: Assay mix (for 10 X 1.0 mL assay tubes or 40 X 0.25 mL for microtiter dish); made fresh, just before use: mL mL 1.0 M Tris-HCI mL 0.1 M Na Pyruvate mL o-Aminobenzaldehyde (10mg/mL in ethanol) tL 1.OM DL-Aspartic--semiaidehyde (ASA) in 1.ON

HCI

Assay (1.0 mL): MicroAssay (0.25mL): DHDPS assay mix 0.40 mL 0.10 mL enzyme extract H 2 0; 0.10 mL .025 mL mM L-lysine 5 pL or 20 iL 1 gL or 5 tL Incubate at 300 for desired time. Stop by addition of: N HC1 0.50 mL 0.125 mL Color allowed to develop for 30-60 min. Precipitate spun down in eppendorf centrifuge. OD 540 vs 0 min read as blank. For MicroAssay, aliquot 0.2 mL into microtiter well and read at OD 530 WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 The specific activity of E. coli DHDPS in the supernatant fraction of induced extracts was about 50 OD 540 units per minute per milligram protein in a mL assay. E. coli DHDPS was sensitive to the presence of L-lysine in the assay. Fifty percent inhibition was found at a concentration of about 0.5 mM. For Corynebacterium DHDPS, the activity was measured in the supernatant fraction of uninduced extracts, rather than induced extracts. Enzyme activity was about 4

OD

530 units per min per milligram protein in a 0.25 mL assay. In contrast to E. coli DHDPS, Corynebacterium DHDPS was not inhibited at all by L-lysine, even at a concentration of 70 mM.

EXAMPLE Excretion of amino acids by E. coli expressing high levels of DHDPS and/or

AKIII

The E. coli expression cassette with the E. coli dapA gene linked to the T7 RNA polymerase promoter was isolated by digesting pBT442 (see Example 4) with Bgl II and BamH I separating the digestion products via agarose gel electrophoresis and eluting the approximately 1250 bp fragment from the gel.

This fragment was inserted into the BamH I site of plasmids pBT461 (containing the T7 promoter/lsC gene) and pBT492 (containing the T7 promoter/lysC-M4 gene). Inserts where transcription of both genes would be in the same direction were identified by restriction endonuclease analysis yielding plasmids pBT517 (T7/dapA T7/lvsC-M4) and pBT519 (T7/dapA T7/lvsC).

In order to induce E. coli to produce and excrete amino acids, these plasmids, as well as plasmids pBT442, pBT461 and pBT492 (and pBR322 as a control) were transformed into E. coli strain BL21(DE3) [Studier et al. (1986) J.

Mol. Biol. 189:113-130]. All of these plasmids, but especially pBT517 and pBT519, are somewhat unstable in this host strain, necessitating careful maintenance of selection for ampicillin resistance during growth.

All strains were grown in minimal salts M9 media [see Sambrook et al.

(1989) Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press] supplemented with ampicillin to maintain selection for the plasmids overnight at 37°. Cultures were collected when they reached an OD 600 of 1.

Cells were removed by centrifugation and the supernatants (3 mL) were passed through 0.2 micron filters to remove remaining cells and large molecules. Five microliter aliquots of the supernatant fractions were analyzed for amino acid composition with a Beckman Model 6300 amino acid analyzer using post-column ninhydrin detection. Results are shown in Table 1.

WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 TABLE 1 Amino Acid Concentration in Culture Supematants [mM] Plasmid Lvs Thr Met Ala Val Asp Glu pBR322 0 0 0 0.05 0.1 0 0 pBT442 0.48 0 0 0.04 0.06 0 0 pBT461 0.14 0.05 0 0.02 0.03 0 0 pBT492 0.16 0.07 0 0.02 0.03 0 0 pBT517 0.18 0 0.01 0 0 0.02 0.02 pBT519 0.14 0 0.01 0 0 0.01 0 All of the plasmids, except the pBR322 control, lead to the excretion of lysine into the culture medium. Expression of the lysC or the lysC-M4 gene lead to both lysine and threonine excretion. Expression of lysC-M4 dapA lead to excretion of lysine, methionine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid, but not threonine.

In addition, alanine and valine were not detected in the culture supernatant.

Similar results were obtained with lysC daA, except that no glutamic acid was excreted.

EXAMPLE 6 Construction of Chimeric dapA. IvsC and IvsC-M4 Genes for Expression in Plants Several gene expression cassettes were used for construction of chimeric genes for expression of ecodapA, cordapA. lvsC and lvsC-M4 in plants. A leaf expression cassette (Figure 4a) is composed of the 35S promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus [Odell et al.(1985) Nature 313:810-812; Hull et al. (1987) Virology 86:482-493], the translation leader from the chlorophyll a/b binding protein (Cab) gene, [Dunsmuir (1985) Nucleic Acids Res. 13:2503-2518] and 3' transcription termination region from the nopaline synthase (Nos) gene [Depicker et al. (1982) J. Mol. Appl. Genet. 1:561-570]. Between the 5' and 3' regions are the restriction endonuclease sites Nco I (which includes the ATG translation initiation codon), EcoR I, Sma I and Kpn I. The entire cassette is flanked by Sal I sites; there is also a BamH I site upstream of the cassette.

A seed-specific expression cassette (Figure 4b) is composed of the promoter and transcription terminator from the gene encoding the P subunit of the seed storage protein phaseolin from the bean Phaseolus vulgaris [Doyle et al. (1986) J.

Biol. Chem. 261:9228-9238]. The phaseolin cassette includes about 500 nucleotides upstream from the translation initiation codon and about 1650 nucleotides downstream from the translation stop codon of phaseolin.

Between the 5' and 3' regions are the unique restriction endonuclease sites Nco I WO 98/42831 PCTIUS98/06051 (which includes the ATG translation initiation codon), Sma I, Kpn I and Xba I.

The entire cassette is flanked by Hind III sites.

A second seed expression cassette was used for the cordapA gene. This was composed of the promoter and transcription terminator from the soybean Kunitz tyrosine inhibitor 3 (KTI3) gene [Jofuku et al. (1989) Plant Cell 1:427-435]. The KTI3 cassette includes about 2000 nucleotides upstream from the translation initiation codon and about 240 nucleotides downstream from the translation stop codon of phaseolin. Between the 5' and 3' regions are the unique restriction endonuclease sites Nco I (which includes the ATG translation initiation codon), Xba I, Kpn I and Sma I. The entire cassette is flanked by BamH I sites.

A constitutive expression cassette for corn was used for expression of the lvsC-M4 gene and the ecodapA gene. It was composed of a chimeric promoter derived from pieces of two corn promoters and modified by in vitro site-specific mutagenesis to yield a high level constitutive promoter and a 3' region from a corn gene of unknown function. Between the 5' and 3' regions are the unique restriction endonuclease sites Nco I (which includes the ATG translation initiation codon), Sma I and Bgl II. The nucleotide sequence of the constitutive corn expression cassette is shown in SEQ ID NO:93.

Plant amino acid biosynthetic enzymes are known to be localized in the chloroplasts and therefore are synthesized with a chloroplast targeting signal.

Bacterial proteins such as DHDPS and AKIII have no such signal. A chloroplast transit sequence (cts) was therefore fused to the ecodapA, cordapA, lysC, and lvsC-M4 coding sequence in some chimeric genes. The cts used was based on the cts of the small subunit of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase from soybean [Berry-Lowe et al. (1982) J. Mol. Appl. Genet. 1:483-498]. The oligonucleotides SEQ ID NOS:8-11 were synthesized and used as described below. For corn the cts used was based on the cts of the small subunit of ribulose carboxylase from corn [Lebrun et al. (1987) Nucleic Acids Res. 15:4360] and is designated mcts to distinguish it from the soybean cts. The oligonucleotides SEQ ID NOS: 17-22 were synthesized and used as described below.

Fourteen chimeric genes were created: No. 1) 35S promoter/Cab leader/lysC/Nos 3' No. 2) 35S promoter/Cab leader/cts/lsC/Nos 3' No. 3) 35S promoter/Cab leader/cts/lysC-M4/Nos 3' No. 4) phaseolin 5' region/cts/lvsC/phaseolin 3' region No. 5) phaseolin 5' region/cts/lysC-M4/phaseolin 3' region No. 6) 35S promoter/Cab leader/ecodapA/Nos 3' No. 7) 35S promoter/Cab leader/cts/ecodapA/Nos 3 WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 No. 8) phaseolin 5' region/ecodapA/phaseolin 3' region No. 9) phaseolin 5' region/cts/ecodapA/phaseolin 3' region No. 10) 35S promoter/Cab leader/cts/cordapA/Nos 3 No. 11) phaseolin 5' region/cts/cordanA/phaseolin 3' region No. 12) KTI3 5' region/cts/cordaA/KTI3 3' region No. 13) HH534 5' region/mcts/lvsC-M4/HH2-1 3' region No. 14) HH534 5' region/mcts/ecodapA/HH2-1 3' region A 1440 bp Nco I-Hpa I fragment containing the entire IvsC coding region plus about 90 bp of 3' non-coding sequence was isolated from an agarose gel following electrophoresis and inserted into the leaf expression cassette digested with Nco I and Sma I (chimeric gene No. yielding plasmid pBT483.

Oligonucleotides SEQ ID NO:8 and SEQ ID NO:9, which encode the carboxy terminal part of the chloroplast targeting signal, were annealed, resulting in Nco I compatible ends, purified via polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and inserted into Nco I digested pBT461. The insertion of the correct sequence in the correct orientation was verified by DNA sequencing yielding pBT496.

Oligonucleotides SEQ ID NO: 10 and SEQ ID NO:11, which encode the amino terminal part of the chloroplast targeting signal, were annealed, resulting in Nco I compatible ends, purified via polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and inserted into Nco I digested pBT496. The insertion of the correct sequence in the correct orientation was verified by DNA sequencing yielding pBT521. Thus the cts was fused to the lysC gene.

To fuse the cts to the lvsC-M4 gene, pBT521 was digested with Sal I, and an approximately 900 bp DNA fragment that included the cts and the amino terminal coding region of lvsC was isolated. This fragment was inserted into Sal I digested pBT492, effectively replacing the amino terminal coding region of IvsC-M4 with the fused cts and the amino terminal coding region of lvsC. Since the mutation that resulted in lysine-insensitivity was not in the replaced fragment, the new plasmid, pBT523, carried the cts fused to lvsC-M4.

The 1600 bp Nco I-Hpa I fragment containing the cts fused to lysC plus about 90 bp of 3' non-coding sequence was isolated and inserted into the leaf expression cassette digested with Nco I and Sma I (chimeric gene No. yielding plasmid pBT541 and the seed-specific expression cassette digested with Nco I and Sma I (chimeric gene No. yielding plasmid pBT543.

Similarly, the 1600 bp Nco I-Hpa I fragment containing the cts fused to lvsC-M4 plus about 90 bp of 3' non-coding sequence was isolated and inserted into the leaf expression cassette digested with Nco I and Sma I (chimeric gene No.

yielding plasmid pBT540 and the seed-specific expression cassette digested with Nco I and Sma I (chimeric gene No. yielding plasmid pBT544.

WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 Before insertion into the expression cassettes, the ecodapA gene was modified to insert a restriction endonuclease site, Kpn I, just after the translation stop codon. The oligonucleotides SEQ ID NOS:12-13 were synthesized for this purpose: SEQ ID NO:12: CCGGTTTGCT GTAATAGGTA CCA SEQ ID NO:13: AGCTTGGTAC CTATTACAGC AAACCGGCAT G Oligonucleotides SEQ ID NO:12 and SEQ ID NO:13 were annealed, resulting in an Sph I compatible end on one end and a Hind III compatible end on the other and inserted into Sph I plus Hind III digested pBT437. The insertion of the correct sequence was verified by DNA sequencing yielding pBT443.

An 880 bp Nco I-Kpn I fragment from pBT443 containing the entire ecodapA coding region was isolated from an agarose gel following electrophoresis and inserted into the leaf expression cassette digested with Nco I and Kpn I (chimeric gene No. yielding plasmid pBT450 and into the seed-specific expression cassette digested with Nco I and Kpn I (chimeric gene No. yielding plasmid pBT494.

Oligonucleotides SEQ ID NO:8 and SEQ ID NO:9, which encode the carboxy terminal part of the chloroplast targeting signal, were annealed resulting in Nco I compatible ends, purified via polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and inserted into Nco I digested pBT450. The insertion of the correct sequence in the correct orientation was verified by DNA sequencing yielding pBT451. A 950 bp Nco I-Kpn I fragment from pBT451 encoding the carboxy terminal part of the chloroplast targeting signal fused to the entire ecodapA coding region was isolated from an agarose gel following electrophoresis and inserted into the seed-specific expression cassette digested with Nco I and Kpn I, yielding plasmid pBT495.

Oligonucleotides SEQ ID NO:10: and SEQ ID NO:11:, which encode the amino terminal part of the chloroplast targeting signal, were annealed resulting in Nco I compatible ends, purified via polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and inserted into Nco I digested pBT451 and pBT495. Insertion of the correct sequence in the correct orientation was verified by DNA sequencing yielding pBT455 and pBT520, respectively. Thus the cts was fused to the ecodaA gene in the leaf expression cassette (chimeric gene No. 7) and the seed-specific expression cassette (chimeric gene No. 9).

WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 An 870 bp Nco I-EcoR I fragment from pFS766 containing the entire cordapA coding region was isolated from an agarose gel following electrophoresis and inserted into the leaf expression cassette digested with Nco I and EcoR I, yielding plasmid pFS789. To attach the cts to the cordapA gene, a DNA fragment containing the entire cts was prepared using PCR. The template DNA was pBT540 and the oligonucleotide primers used were: SEQ ID NO:14: GCTTCCTCAA TGATCTCCTC CCCAGCT SEQ ID CATTGTACTC TTCCACCGTT GCTAGCAA PCR was performed using a Perkin-Elmer Cetus kit according to the instructions of the vendor on a thermocycler manufactured by the same company.

The PCR-generated 160 bp fragment was treated with T4 DNA polymerase in the presence of the 4 deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates to obtain a blunt-ended fragment. The cts fragment was inserted into pFS789 which had been digested with Nco I and treated with the Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase to fill in the overhangs. The inserted fragment and the vector/insert junctions were determined to be correct by DNA sequencing, yielding pFS846 containing chimeric gene No. A 1030 bp Nco I-Kpn I fragment from pFS846 containing the cts attached to the cordaA coding region was isolated from an agarose gel following electrophoresis and inserted into the phaseolin seed expression cassette digested with Nco I and Kpn I, yielding plasmid pFS889 containing chimeric gene No. 11.

Similarly, the 1030 bp Nco I-Kpn I fragment from pFS846 was inserted into the KTI3 seed expression cassette digested with Nco I and Kpn I, yielding plasmid pFS862 containing chimeric gene No. 12.

Oligonucleotides SEQ ID NO:94 and SEQ ID NO:95, which encode the carboxy terminal part of the corn chloroplast targeting signal, were annealed, resulting in Xba I and Nco I compatible ends, purified via polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and inserted into Xba I plus Nco I digested pBT492 (see Example The insertion of the correct sequence was verified by DNA sequencing yielding pBT556. Oligonucleotides SEQ ID NO:96 and SEQ ID NO:97, which encode the middle part of the chloroplast targeting signal, were annealed, resulting in Bgl II and Xba I compatible ends, purified via polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and inserted into Bgl II and Xba I digested pBT556. The WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 insertion of the correct sequence was verified by DNA sequencing yielding pBT557. Oligonucleotides SEQ ID NO:98 and SEQ ID NO:99, which encode the amino terminal part of the chloroplast targeting signal, were annealed, resulting in Nco I and Afl II compatible ends, purified via polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and inserted into Nco I and Afl II digested pBT557. The insertion of the correct sequence was verified by DNA sequencing yielding pBT558. Thus the mcts was fused to the lvsC-M4 gene.

A 1.6 kb Nco I-Hpa I fragment from pBT558 containing the mcts attached to the lysC-M4 gene was isolated from an agarose gel following electrophoresis and inserted into the constitutive corn expression cassette digested with Nco I and Sma I, yielding plasmid pBT573 containing chimeric gene No. 13.

To attach the mcts to the ecodapA gene a DNA fragment containing the entire mcts was prepared using PCR as described above. The template DNA was pBT558 and the oligonucleotide primers used were: SEQ ID NO:100: GCGCCCACCG TGATGA SEQ ID NO:101: CACCGGATTC TTCCGC The mcts fragment was inserted into pBT450 (above) which had been digested with Nco I and treated with the Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase to fill in the 5' overhangs. The inserted fragment and the vector/insert junctions were determined to be correct by DNA sequencing, yielding pBT576. Plasmid pBT576 was digested with Asp718, treated with the Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase to yield a blunt-ended fragment, and then digested with Nco I. The resulting 1030 bp Nco I-blunt-ended fragment containing the ecodapA gene attached to the mcts was isolated from an agarose gel following electrophoresis. This fragment was inserted into the constitutive corn expression cassette digested with Bgl II, treated with the Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase to yield a blunt-ended fragment, and then digested with Nco I, yielding plasmid pBT583 containing chimeric gene No. 14.

EXAMPLE 7 Transformation of Tobacco with the 35S Promoter/lvsC Chimeric Genes Transformation of tobacco with the 35S promoter/lvsC chimeric genes was effected according to the following: WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 The 35S promoter/Cab leader/lsC/Nos 35S promoter/Cab leader/cts/lvsC/Nos and 35S promoter/Cab leader/cts/lvsC-M4/Nos 3' chimeric genes were isolated as 3.5-3.6 kb BamH I-EcoR I fragments and inserted into BamH I-EcoR I digested vector pZS97K (Figure yielding plasmids pBT497, pBT545 and pBT542, respectively. The vector is part of a binary Ti plasmid vector system [Bevan, (1984) Nucl. Acids. Res. 12:8711-8720] of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The vector contains: the chimeric gene nopaline synthase promoter/neomycin phosphotransferase coding region (nos:NPT II) as a selectable marker for transformed plant cells [Bevan et al. (1983) Nature 304:184-186]; the left and right borders of the T-DNA of the Ti plasmid [Bevan (1984) Nucl.

Acids. Res. 12:8711-8720]; the E. coli lacZ a-complementing segment [Viera and Messing (1982) Gene 19:259-267] with unique restriction endonuclease sites for EcoR I, Kpn I, BamH I and Sal I; the bacterial replication origin from the Pseudomonas plasmid pVS1 [Itoh et al. (1984) Plasmid 11:206-220]; and the bacterial neomycin phosphotransferase gene from Tn5 [Berg et al. (1975) Proc.

Natl. Acad Sci. U.S.A. 72:3628-3632] as a selectable marker for transformed A.

tumefaciens.

The 35S promoter/Cab leader/cts/lvsC/Nos and 35S promoter/Cab leader/cts/lvsC-M4/Nos 3' chimeric genes were also inserted into the binary vector pBT456, yielding pBT547 and pBT546, respectively. This vector is pZS97K, into which the chimeric gene 35S promoter/Cab leader/cts/dapA/Nos 3' had previously been inserted as a BamH I-Sal I fragment (see Example In the cloning process large deletions of the dapA chimeric gene occurred. As a consequence these plasmids are equivalent to pBT545 and pBT542, in that the only transgene expressed in plants (other than the selectable marker gene, NPT II) was promoter/Cab leader/cts/lysC/Nos 3' or 35S promoter/Cab leader/cts/lvsC-M4/Nos 3'.

The binary vectors containing the chimeric lvsC genes were transferred by tri-parental matings [Ruvkin et al. (1981) Nature 289:85-88] to Agrobacterium strain LBA4404/pAL4404 [Hockema et al (1983), Nature 303:179-180]. The Agrobacterium transformants were used to inoculate tobacco leaf disks [Horsch et al. (1985) Science 227:1229-1231]. Transgenic plants were regenerated in selective medium containing kanamycin.

To assay for expression of the chimeric genes in leaves of the transformed plants, protein was extracted as follows. Approximately 2.5 g of young plant leaves, with the midrib removed, were placed in a dounce homogenizer with 0.2 g ofpolyvinyl polypyrrolidone and 11 mL of 50mM Tris-HCl pH8.0, 50mM NaC1, ImM EDTA (TNE) and ground thoroughly. The suspension was further WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 homogenized by a 20 sec treatment with a Brinkman Polytron Homogenizer operated at setting 7. The resultant suspensions were centrifuged at 16,000 rpm for 20 min at 40 in a Dupont-Sorvall superspeed centrifuge using an SS34 rotor to remove particulates. The supernatant was decanted, the volume was adjusted to be 10 mL by addition of TNE if necessary, and 8 mL of cold, saturated ammonium sulfate was added. The mixture was set on ice for 30 min and centrifuged as described above. The supernatant was decanted and the pellet, which contained the AKIII protein, was resuspended in 1 mL of TNE and desalted by passage over a Sephadex G-25 M column (Column PD-10, Pharmacia).

For immunological characterization, three volumes of extract were mixed with 1 volume of 4 X SDS-gel sample buffer (0.17M Tris-HCl pH6.8, 6.7% SDS, 16.7% P-mercaptoethanol, 33% glycerol) and 3 utL from each extract were run per lane on an SDS polyacrylamide gel, with bacterially produced AKIII serving as a size standard and protein extracted from untransformed tobacco leaves serving as a negative control. The proteins were then electrophoretically blotted onto a nitrocellulose membrane (Western Blot). The membranes were exposed to the AKIII antibodies prepared as described in Example 2 at a 1:5000 dilution of the rabbit serum using standard protocol provided by BioRad with their Immun-Blot Kit. Following rinsing to remove unbound primary antibody, the membranes were exposed to the secondary antibody, donkey anti-rabbit Ig conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (Amersham) at a 1:3000 dilution. Following rinsing to remove unbound secondary antibody, the membranes were exposed to Amersham chemiluminescence reagent and X-ray film.

Seven of thirteen transformants containing the chimeric gene, promoter/Cab leader/cts/lvsC-M4/Nos and thirteen of seventeen transformants containing the chimeric gene, 35S promoter/Cab leader/cts/lysC/Nos produced AKIII protein (Table In all cases protein which reacted with the AKIII antibody was of several sizes. Approximately equal quantities of proteins equal in size to AKIII produced in E. coli, and a protein about 6 kd larger were evident in all samples, suggesting that the chloroplast targeting signal had been removed from about half of the protein synthesized. This further suggests that about half of the protein entered the chloroplast. In addition, a considerable amount of protein of higher molecular weight was observed. The origin of this protein is unclear; the total amount present was equal or slightly greater than the amounts of the mature and putative AKIII precursor proteins combined.

The leaf extracts were assayed for AK activity as described in Example 2.

AKIII could be distinguished from endogenous AK activity, if it were present, by its increased resistance to lysine plus threonine. Unfortunately, however, this WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 assay was not sensitive enough to reliably detect AKIII activity in these extracts.

Zero of four transformants containing the chimeric gene, 35S promoter/Cab leader/lysC/Nos showed AKIII activity. Only one extract, from a transformant containing the 35S promoter/Cab leader/cts/lvsC-M4/Nos 3' gene, produced a convincing level of enzyme activity. This came from transformant 546-49A, and was also the extract that showed the highest level of AKIII-M4 protein via Western blot.

An alternative method to detect the expression of active AKIII enzyme was to evaluate the sensitivity or resistance of leaf tissue to high concentrations of lysine plus threonine. Growth of cell cultures and seedlings of many plants is inhibited by high concentrations of lysine plus threonine; this is reversed by addition of methionine (or homoserine which is converted to methionine in vivo).

Lysine plus threonine inhibition is thought to result from feedback inhibition of endogenous AK, which reduces flux through the pathway leading to starvation for methionine. In tobacco there are two AK enzymes in leaves, one lysine-sensitive and one threonine sensitive [Negrutui et al. (1984) Theor. Appl. Genet. 68:11-20].

High concentrations of lysine plus threonine inhibit growth of shoots from tobacco leaf disks and inhibition is reversed by addition of low concentrations of methionine. Thus, growth inhibition is presumably due to inhibition of the two AK isozymes.

Expression of active lysine and threonine insensitive AKIII-M4 would be predicted to reverse the growth inhibition. As can be seen in Table 2, this was observed. There is, in fact, a good correlation between the level of AKIII-M4 protein expressed and the resistance to lysine plus threonine inhibition.

Expression of lysine-sensitive wild type AKIII does not have a similar effect.

Only the highest expressing transformant showed any resistance to lysine plus threonine inhibition, and this was much less dramatic than that observed with AKIII-M4.

To measure free amino acid composition of the leaves, free amino acids were extracted as follows. Approximately 30-40 mg of young leaf tissue was chopped with a razor and dropped into 0.6 mL of methanol/ chloroform/water mixed in ratio of 12v/5v/3v (MCW) on dry ice. After 10-30 min the suspensions were brought to room temperature and homogenized with an Omni 1000 Handheld Rechargeable Homogenizer and then centrifuged in an eppendorf microcentrifuge for 3 min. Approximately 0.6 mL of supernatant was decanted and an additional 0.2 mL of MCW was added to the pellet which was then vortexed and centrifuged as above. The second supernatant, about 0.2 mL, was added to the first. To this, 0.2mL of chloroform was added followed by 0.3 mL of WO 98/42831 WO 9842831PCT/US98/06051 water. The mixture was vortexed and the centrifuged in an eppendorf microcentrifuge for about 3 min, the upper aqueous phase, approximately 1.0 ml, was removed, and was dried down in a Savant Speed Vac Concentrator.

One-tenth of the sample was run on a Beckman Model 6300 amino acid analyzer using post-column ninhydrin detection. Relative free amino acid levels in the leaves were compared as ratios of lysine or threonine to leucine, thus using leucine as an internal standard. There was no consistent effect of expression of AKIII or AKIII-M4 on the lysine or threonine (or any other amino acid) levels in the leaves (Table 2).

TABLE 2 BT542 trasformants: 35S promoter/Cab leader/cts/IvsC-M4/Nos 3' BT545 transformants: 35S promoter/Cab leader/cts/IvsC/Nos 3' BT546 transformants: 35S promoter/Cab leader/cts/IvsC-M4/Nos 3' BT547 ftrasformants: 35S promoter/Cab leader/cts/IvsC/Nos 3' FREE AMINO AKIII ACIDS/LEAF ACTIVITY WEST LINE K/L T/L U/MG/HR BL(

RESISTANCE

TERN TO Lys 3mM )T Tir 3mM 542-5B 542-26A 542-27B 542-35A 542-54A 542-57B 545-5A 545-7B 545-17B 545-27A 545-50E 545-52A 0.5 3.5 0 0.5 3.3 0 0.5 3.4 0 0.5 4.3 0.01 0.5 2.8 0 0.5 3.4 0 n.d. n.d. 0.02 0.5 3.4 0 0.6 2.5 0.01 0.6 3.5 0 0.6 3.6 0.03 0.5 3.6 0.02 546-4A 546-24B 546-44A 546-49A 546-54A 546-56B 546-58SB 547-3D 547-8B 0 0.04 0.03 0.10 0 0.01 0 0 0.02 0.4 5.4 0.6 5.0 WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 547-9A 0.5 4.3 0.03 547-12A 0.7 3.9 0 547-15B 0.6 4.5 0 547-16A 0.5 3.6 0 547-18A 0.5 4.0 547-22A 0.8 4.4 547-25C 0.5 4.3 547-28C 0.6 5.6 547-29C 0.5 3.8 EXAMPLE 8 Transformation of Tobacco with the Phaseolin Promoter/lvsC Chimeric Genes The phaseolin promoter/lysC chimeric gene cassettes, phaseolin region/cts/lvsC/phaseolin 3' region, and phaseolin 5' region/cts/lvsC-M4/phaseolin 3' region (Example 6) were isolated as approximately 3.3 kb Hind III fragments.

These fragments were inserted into the unique Hind III site of the binary vector pZS97 (Figure 6) yielding pBT548 and pBT549, respectively. This vector is similar to pZS97K described in Example 7 except for the presence of two additional unique cloning sites, Sma I and Hind III, and the bacterial p-lactamase gene (causing ampicillin resistance) as a selectable marker for transformed A. tumefaciens instead of the bacterial neomycin phosphotransferase gene.

The binary vectors containing the chimeric lysC genes were transferred by tri-parental matings to Agrobacterium strain LBA4404/pAL4404, the Agrobacterium transformants were used to inoculate tobacco leaf disks and transgenic plants regenerated by the methods set out in Example 7.

To assay for expression of the chimeric genes in the seeds of the transformed plants, the plants were allowed to flower, self-pollinate and go to seed. Total proteins were extracted from mature seeds as follows. Approximately 30-40 mg of seeds were put into a 1.5mL disposable plastic microfuge tube and ground in 0.25 mL of 50 mM Tris-HCl pH6.8, 2 mM EDTA, 1% SDS, 1% (v/v) p-mercaptoethanol. The grinding was done using a motorized grinder with disposable plastic shafts designed to fit into the microfuge tube. The resultant suspensions were centrifuged for 5 min at room temperature in a microfuge to remove particulates. Three volumes of extract was mixed with 1 volume of 4 X SDS-gel sample buffer (0.17 M Tris-HC1 pH 6.8, 6.7% SDS, 16.7% (v/v) p-mercaptoethanol, 33% glycerol) and 5 uL from each extract were run per lane on an SDS polyacrylamide gel, with bacterially produced AKIII serving as a size standard and protein extracted from untransformed tobacco seeds serving as a WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 negative control. The proteins were then electrophoretically blotted onto a nitrocellulose membrane. The membranes were exposed to the AKIII antibodies (prepared as described in Example 2) at a 1:5000 dilution of the rabbit serum using standard protocol provided by BioRad with their Immun-Blot Kit.

Following rinsing to remove unbound primary antibody the membranes were exposed to the secondary antibody, donkey anti-rabbit Ig conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (Amersham) at a 1:3000 dilution. Following rinsing to remove unbound secondary antibody, the membranes were exposed to Amersham chemiluminescence reagent and X-ray film.

Ten of eleven transformants containing the chimeric gene, phaseolin region/cts/lysC/phaseolin 3' region, and ten of eleven transformants containing the chimeric gene, phaseolin 5' region/cts/lvsC-M4/phaseolin 3' region, produced AKIII protein (Table In all cases protein which reacted with the AKIII antibody was of several sizes. Approximately equal quantities of proteins equal in size to AKIII produced in E. coli, and about 6 kd larger were evident in all samples, suggesting that the chloroplast targeting signal had been removed from about half of the protein synthesized. This further suggests that about half of the protein entered the chloroplast. In addition, some proteins of lower molecular weight were observed, probably representing breakdown products of the AKIII polypeptide.

To measure free amino acid composition of the seeds, free amino acids were extracted from mature seeds as follows. Approximately 30-40 mg of seeds and an approximately equal amount of sterilized sand were put into a 1.5 mL disposable plastic microfuge tube along with 0.2 mL of methanol/chloroform/water mixed in ratio of 12v/5v/3v (MCW) at room temperature. The seeds were ground using a motorized grinder with disposable plastic shafts designed to fit into the microfuge tube. After grinding an additional 0.5 mL of MCW was added, the mixture was vortexed and then centrifuged in an eppendorf microcentrifuge for about 3 min.

Approximately 0.6 mL of supernatant was decanted and an additional 0.2 mL of MCW was added to the pellet which was then vortexed and centrifuged as above.

The second supernatant, about 0.2 mL, was added to the first. To this, 0.2 mL of chloroform was added followed by 0.3 mL of water. The mixture was vortexed and then centrifuged in an eppendorfmicrocentrifuge for about 3 min, the upper aqueous phase, approximately 1.0 mL, was removed, and was dried down in a Savant Speed Vac Concentrator. The samples were hydrolyzed in 6N hydrochloric acid, 0.4% P-mercaptoethanol under nitrogen for 24 h at 110-1200; 1/4 of the sample was run on a Beckman Model 6300 amino acid analyzer using post-column ninhydrin detection. Relative free amino acid levels WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 in the seeds were compared as ratios of lysine, methionine, threonine or isoleucine to leucine, thus using leucine as an internal standard.

To measure the total amino acid composition of the seeds, 6 seeds were hydrolyzed in 6 N hydrochloric acid, 0.4% p-mercaptoethanol under nitrogen for 24 h at 110-1200; 1/10 of the sample was run on a Beckman Model 6300 amino acid analyzer using post-column ninhydrin detection. Relative amino acid levels in the seeds were compared as ratios of lysine, methionine, threonine or isoleucine to leucine, thus using leucine as an internal standard. Because the transgene was segregating in these self-pollinated progeny of the primary transformant and only six seeds were analyzed, there was expected to be some sampling error. Therefore, the measurement was repeated multiple times for some of the lines (Table 3).

Expression of the cts/lysC gene in the seeds resulted in a 2 to 4-fold increase in the level of free threonine in the seeds and a 2 to 3-fold increase in the level of free lysine in some cases. There was a good correlation between transformants expressing higher levels of AKIII protein and those having higher levels of free threonine, but this was not the case for lysine. These relatively small increases of free threonine or lysine were not sufficient to yield detectable increases in the levels of total threonine or lysine in the seeds. Expression of the cts/lsC-M4 gene in the seeds resulted in a 4 to 23-fold increase in the level of free threonine in the seeds and a 2 to 3-fold increase in the level of free lysine in some cases. There was a good correlation between transformants expressing higher levels of AKIII protein and those having higher levels of free threonine, but this was again not the case for lysine. The larger increases of free threonine were sufficient to yield detectable increases in the levels of total threonine in the seeds. Sixteen to twenty-five percent increases in total threonine content of the seeds were observed in three lines which were sampled multiple times. (Isoleucine to leucine ratios are shown for comparison.) The lines that showed increased total threonine were the same ones the showed the highest levels of increase in free threonine and high expression of the AKIII-M4 protein. From these results it can be estimated that free threonine represents about 1% of the total threonine present in a normal tobacco seed, but about 18% of the total threonine present in seeds expressing high levels of AKIII-M4.

TABLE 3 BT548 Transformants: phaseolin 5' region/cts/lvsC/phaseolin 3' BT549 Transformants: phaseolin 5' region/cts/lvsC-M4/phaseolin 3' SEED SEED FREE AMINO ACID TOTAL AMINO ACID LINE K/L T/L I/L K/L T/L I/L WESTERN WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 NORMAL 0.49 1.34 0.68 0.35 0.68 0.63 548-2A 1.15 2.3 0.78 0.43 0.71 0.67 548-4D 0.69 5.3 0.80 0.35 0.69 0.65 548-6A 0.39 3.5 0.85 0.35 0.69 0.64 548-7A 0.82 4.2 0.83 0.36 0.68 0.65 548-14A 0.41 3.1 0.82 0.32 0.67 0.65 548-18A 0.51 1.5 0.69 0.37 0.67 0.63 548-22A 1.41 2.9 0.75 0.47 0.74 0.65 548-24A 0.73 3.7 0.81 0.38 0.68 0.65 548-41A 0.40 2.8 0.77 0.37 0.68 0.65 548-50A 0.46 4.0 0.81 0.33 0.68 0.65 548-57A 0.50 3.8 0.80 0.33 0.67 0.65 549-5A 0.63 5.9 0.69 0.32 0.65 0.65 549-7A 0.51 8.3 0.78 0.33 0.67 0.63 549-20A 0.67 30 0.88 0.38* 0.82* 0.65* 549-34A 0.43 1.3 0.69 0.32 0.64 0.63 549-39D 0.83 16 0.83 0.35 0.71 0.63 549-40A 0.80 4.9 0.74 0.33 0.63 0.64 549-41C 0.99 13 0.80 0.38* 0.79* 0.65* 549-46A 0.48 7.7 0.84 0.34 0.70 0.64 549-52A 0.81 9.2 0.80 0.39 0.70 0.65 549-57A 0.60 15 0.77 0.35* 0.85* 0.64* 549-60D 0.85 11 0.79 0.37 0.73 0.65 Normal was calculated as the average of 6 samples for free amino acid and 23 samples for total amino acids.

Indicates average of at least 5 samples Seeds derived from self-pollination of two plants transformed with the phaseolin 5' region/cts/lvsC-M4/phaseolin 3' region, plants 549-5A and 549-40A, showed 3 kanamycin resistant to I kanamycin sensitive seedlings, indicative of a single site of insertion of the transgene. Progeny plants were grown, selfpollinated and seed was analyzed for segregation of the kanamycin marker gene.

Progeny plants that were homozygous for the transgene insert, thus containing two copies of the gene cassette, accumulated approximately 2 times as much threonine in their seed as their sibling heterozygous progeny with one copy of the gene cassette and about 8 times as much as seed without the gene. This demonstrates that the level of expression of the E. coli enzyme controls the accumulation of free threonine.

WO 98/42831 PCTIS98/06051 EXAMPLE 9 Transformation of Tobacco with the 35S Promoter/ecodapA Chimeric Genes The 35S promoter/Cab leader/ecodapA/Nos 3' and 35S promoter/Cab leader/cts/ecodapA/Nos chimeric genes were isolated as 3.1, and 3.3 kb BamH I-Sal I fragments, respectively and inserted into BamH I-Sal I digested binary vector pZS97K (Figure yielding plasmids pBT462 and pBT463, respectively. The binary vector is described in Example 7.

The binary vectors containing the chimeric ecodapA genes were transferred by tri-parental matings to Agrobacterium strain LBA4404/pAL4404, the Agrobacterium transformants used to inoculate tobacco leaf disks and the resulting transgenic plants regenerated by the methods set out in Example 7.

To assay for expression of the chimeric genes in leaves of the transformed plants, protein was extracted as described in Example 7, with the following modifications. The supernatant from the first ammonium sulfate precipitation, approximately 18 mL, was mixed with an additional 12 mL of cold, saturated ammonium sulfate. The mixture was set on ice for 30 min and centrifuged as described in Example 7. The supernatant was decanted and the pellet, which contained the DHDPS protein, was resuspended in 1 mL of TNE and desalted by passage over a Sephadex G-25 M column (Column PD-10, Pharmacia).

The leaf extracts were assayed for DHDPS activity as described in Example 4. E. coli DHDPS could be distinguished from tobacco DHDPS activity by its increased resistance to lysine; E. coli DHDPS retained 80-90% of its activity at 0.1mM lysine, while tobacco DHDPS was completely inhibited at that concentration of lysine. One often transformants containing the chimeric gene, promoter/Cab leader/ecodapA/Nos showed E. coli DHDPS expression, while five of ten transformants containing the chimeric gene, 35S promoter/Cab leader/cts/ecodapA/Nos 3' showed E. coli DHDPS expression.

Free amino acids were extracted from leaves as described in Example 7.

Expression of the chimeric gene, 35S promoter/Cab leader/cts/ecodapA/Nos 3', but not 35S promoter/Cab leader/ecodaDA/Nos 3' resulted in substantial increases in the level of free lysine in the leaves. Free lysine levels from two to higher than untransformed tobacco were observed.

The transformed plants were allowed to flower, self-pollinate and go to seed. Seeds from several lines transformed with the 35S promoter/Cab leader/ cts/ecodapA/Nos 3' gene were surface sterilized and germinated on agar plates in the presence of kanamycin. Lines that showed 3 kanamycin resistant to 1 kanamycin sensitive seedlings, indicative of a single site of insertion of the transgenes, were identified. Progeny that were homozygous for the transgene insert were obtained from these lines using standard genetic analysis. The SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCTIUS98/06051 homozygous progeny were then characterized for expression of E. coli DHDPS in young and mature leaves and for the levels of free amino acids accumulated in young and mature leaves and in mature seeds.

Expression of active E. coli DHDPS enzyme was clearly evident in both young and mature leaves of the homozygous progeny of the transformants (Table High levels of free lysine, 50 to 100-fold higher than normal tobacco plants, accumulated in the young leaves of the plants, but a much smaller accumulation of free lysine (2 to 8-fold) was seen in the larger leaves. Experiments that measure lysine in the phloem suggest that lysine is exported from the large leaves. This exported lysine may contribute to the accumulation of lysine in the small growing leaves, which are known to take up, rather than export nutrients. Since the larger leaves make up the major portion of the biomass of the plant, the total increased accumulation of lysine in the plant is more influenced by the level of lysine in the larger leaves. No effect on the free lysine levels in the seeds of these plants was observed (Table 4).

TABLE 4 Progeny of BT463 transformants homozygous for promoter/Cab leader/cts/ecodapA/Nos 3' LEAF E. COLI SEED FREE LEAF FREE AMINO ACID DHDPS AMINO ACID LINE SIZE K/L K/TOT OD/60'/mg K/L NORMAL 3 in. 0.5 0.006 0 463-18C-2 3 in. 47 0.41 7.6 0.4 463-18C-2 12 in. 1 0.02 5.5 463-25A-4 3 in. 58 0.42 6.6 0.4 463-25A-4 12 in. 4 0.02 12.2 463-38C-3 3 in. 28 0.28 6.1 463-38C-3 12 in. 2 0.04 8.3 EXAMPLE Transformation of Tobacco with the Phaseolin Promoter/ecodapA Chimeric Genes The chimeric gene cassettes, phaseolin 5' region/ecodapA/phaseolin 3' region, and phaseolin 5' region/cts/ecodapA/phaseolin 3' region (Example 6) were isolated as approximately 2.6 and 2.8 kb Hind III fragments, respectively. These fragments were inserted into the unique Hind III site of the binary vector pZS97 (Figure yielding pBT506 and pBT534, respectively. This vector is described in Example 8.

WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 The binary vectors containing the chimeric ecodapA genes were transferred by tri-parental matings to Agrobacterium strain LBA4404/pAL4404, the Agrobacterium transformants used to inoculate tobacco leaf disks and the resulting transgenic plants were regenerated by the methods set out in Example 7.

To assay for expression of the chimeric genes, the transformed plants were allowed to flower, self-pollinate and go to seed. Total seed proteins were extracted as described in Example 8 and immunologically analyzed as described in Example 7, with the following modification. The Western blot membranes were exposed to the DHDPS antibodies prepared in Example 4 at a 1:5000 dilution of the rabbit serum using standard protocol provided by BioRad with their Immun-Blot Kit.

Thirteen of fourteen transformants containing the chimeric gene, phaseolin region/ecodapA/phaseolin 3' region and nine of thirteen transformants containing the chimeric gene, phaseolin 5' region/cts/ecodapA/phaseolin 3' region, produced DHDPS protein detectable via Western blotting (Table Protein which reacted with the DHDPS antibody was of several sizes. Most of the protein was equal in size to DHDPS produced in E. coli, whether or not the chimeric gene included the chloroplast transit sequence. This indicated that the chloroplast targeting signal had been efficiently removed from the precursor protein synthesized. This further suggests the majority of the protein entered the chloroplast. In addition, some proteins of lower molecular weight were observed, probably representing breakdown products of the DHDPS polypeptide.

To measure free amino acid composition and total amino acid composition of the seeds, free amino acids and total amino acids were extracted from mature seeds and analyzed as described in Example 8. Expression of either the ecodaDA gene or cts/ecodapA had no effect on the total lysine or threonine composition of the seeds in any of the transformed lines (Table Several of the lines that were transformed with the phaseolin 5' region/cts/ecodapA/phaseolin 3' chimeric gene were also tested for any effect on the free amino acid composition. Again, not even a modest effect on the lysine or threonine composition of the seeds was observed in lines expressing high levels ofE. coli DHDPS protein (Table This was a surprising result, given the dramatic effect (described in Example 9) that expression of this protein has on the free lysine levels in leaves.

One possible explanation for this was that the DHDPS protein observed via Western blot was not functional. To test this hypothesis, total protein extracts were prepared from mature seeds and assayed for DHDPS activity.

Approximately 30-40 mg of seeds were put into a 1.5 mL disposable plastic microfuge tube and ground in 0.25 mL of 50 mM Tris-HCl, 50 mM NaCI, 1 mM WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 EDTA (TNE). The grinding was done using a motorized grinder with disposable plastic shafts designed to fit into the microfuge tube. The resultant suspensions were centrifuged for 5 min at room temperature in a microfuge to remove particulates. Approximately 0.1 mL of aqueous supernatant was removed between the pelleted material and the upper oil phase. The seed extracts were assayed for DHDPS activity as described in Example 4. E. coli DHDPS could be distinguished from tobacco DHDPS activity by its increased resistance to lysine; E. coli DHDPS retained about 50% of its activity at 0.4 mM lysine, while tobacco DHDPS was completely inhibited at that concentration of lysine. High levels of E. coli DHDPS activity were seen in all four seed extracts tested eliminating this explanation.

The presence of the cts sequence in the chimeric ecodaA gene was essential for eliciting accumulation of high levels of lysine in leaves. Thus another possible explanation was that the cts sequence had somehow been lost during the insertion of the chimeric phaseolin 5' region/cts/ecodaA/phaseolin 3' gene into the binary vector. PCR analysis of several of the transformed lines demonstrated the presence of the cts sequence, however, ruling out this possibility.

A third explanation was that amino acids are not normally synthesized in seeds, and therefore the other enzymes in the pathway were not present in the seeds. The results of experiments presented in Example 8, wherein expression of phaseolin 5' region/cts/lvsC-M4/phaseolin 3' gene resulted in accumulation of high levels of free threonine in seeds, indicate that this is not the case.

Taken together these results and the results presented in Example 9, demonstrate that expression of a lysine-insensitive DHDPS in either seeds or leaves is not sufficient to achieve accumulation of increased free lysine in seeds.

TABLE BT506 Transformants: phaseolin 5' region/ecodapA/phaseolin 3' BT534 Transformants: phaseolin 5' region/cts/ecodapA/phaseolin 3' SEED: FREE SEED: TOTAL E. COLI AMINO ACIDS AMINO ACIDS DHDPS LINE K/L T/L K/L T/L OD/60'/MG WESTERN NORMAL 0.49 1.34 0.35 0.68 506-2B 0.34 0.66 506-4B 0.33 0.67 506-16A 0.34 0.67 506-17A 0.36 0.55 7.7 506-19A 0.37 0.45 WO 98/42831 WO 9842831PCT[US98/06051 506-22A 0.34 0.67 506-23B 0.35 0.67 506-33B 0.34 0.67 506-38B 0.36 0.69 8.7 i 506-39A 0.37 0.70 506-40A 0.36 0.68 506-47A 0.32 0.68 506-48A 0.33 0.69 506-49A 0.33 0.69 534-SA 0.34 0.66 534-9A 0.36 0.67 534-22B 0.43 1.32 0.39 0.51 4.9 H 53 4-31IA 0.34 0.66 534-38A 0.35 1.49 0.42 0.33 534-39A 0.38 0.69 534-7A 0.34 0.67 534-25B 0.35 0.67 534-34B 0.80 1.13 0.42 0.70 534-35A 0.43 1.18 0.33 0.67 534-37B 0.42 1.58 0.37 0.68 534-43A 0.35 0.68 534-48A 0.46 1.24 0.35 0.68 6.2 EXAMPLE 11I Transformation of Tobacco with the 35S Promoter/cts/dapA plus 35S Promoter/cts/lvsC-M4 Chimeric Genes The 35S promoter/Cab leader/cts/ecodapAlNos and 35S promoter/Cab leader/cts/IvsC-M4/Nos 3' chimeric genes were combined in the binary vector pZS97K (Figure The binary vector is described in Example 7. An oligonucleotide adaptor was synthesized to convert the BarnH I site at the 5' end of the 3 5S promoter/Cab leader/cts/lysC-M4/Nos 3' chimeric gene (see Figure 4a) to an EcoR I site. The 35S promoter/Cab leader/cts/lvsC-M4/Nos 3' chimeric gene was then isolated as a 3.6 kb EcoR I fragment from plasmid pBT54O (Example 6) and inserted into pBT463 (Example 9) digested with EcoR I, yielding plasmid pBT564. This vector has both the 35S promoter/Cab leader/cts/ecodaDA/Nos and 35S promnoter/Cab leader/cts/lvsC-M4/Nos 3' chimeric genes inserted in the same orientation.

WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 The binary vector containing the chimeric ecodapA and lvsC-M4 genes was transferred by tri-parental matings to Agrobacterium strain LBA4404/pAL4404, the Agrobacterium transformants used to inoculate tobacco leaf disks and the resulting transgenic plants regenerated by the methods set out in Example 7.

To assay for expression of the chimeric genes in leaves of the transformed plants, protein was extracted as described in Example 7 for AKIII, and as described in Example 9 for DHDPS. The leaf extracts were assayed for DHDPS activity as described in Examples 4 and 9. E. coli DHDPS could be distinguished from tobacco DHDPS activity by its increased resistance to lysine; E. coli DHDPS retained 80-90% of its activity at 0.1 mM lysine, while tobacco DHDPS was completely inhibited at that concentration of lysine. Extracts were characterized immunologically for expression of AKIII and DHDPS proteins via Western blots as described in Examples 7 and Ten of twelve transformants expressed E. coli DHDPS enzyme activity (Table There was a good correlation between the level of enzyme activity and the amount of DHDPS protein detected immunologically. As described in Example 7, the AK assay was not sensitive enough to detect enzyme activity in these extracts. However, AKIII-M4 protein was detected immunologically in eight of the twelve extracts. In some transformants, 564-21A and 47A, there was a large disparity between the level of expression of DHDPS and AKIII-M4, but in of 12 lines there was a good correlation.

Free amino acids were extracted from leaves and analyzed for amino acid composition as described in Example 7. In the absence of significant AKIII-M4, the level of expression of the chimeric gene, 35S promoter/Cab leader/cts/ecodaDA/Nos 3' determined the level of lysine accumulation (Table 6).

Compare lines 564-21A, 47A and 39C, none of which expresses significant AKIII-M4. Line 564-21A accumulates about 10-fold higher levels of lysine than line 564-47A which expresses a lower level ofE. coli DHDPS and 40-fold higher levels of lysine than 564-39C which expresses no E. coli DHDPS. However, in transformants that all expressed similar amounts of E. coli DHDPS (564-18A, 56A, 36E, 55B, 47A), the level of expression of the chimeric gene, promoter/Cab leader/cts/lysC-M4/Nos controlled the level of lysine accumulation. Thus it is clear that although expression of 35S promoter/Cab leader/cts/lysC-M4/Nos 3' has no effect on the free amino acid levels of leaves when expressed alone (see Example it can increase lysine accumulation when expressed in concert with the 35S promoter/Cab leader/cts/ecodapA/Nos 3' chimeric gene. Expression of these genes together did not effect the level of any other free amino acid in the leaves.

WO 98/42831 WO 9842831PCT/US98/06051 TABLE 6 BT564 Transformants: 35S promoter/Cab leader/cts/ecodapA/Nos 3' promoter/Cab Ieader/cts/lusC-M4/Nos 3' E. COLT FREE AA LEAF DHiDPS WESTERN WESTERN LINE nmol4mg FREE AA LEAF U/MG/HR DHDPS AK-Ill TOT K KJL K/TOT 564-21A 117 57 52 0.49 564-18A 99 56 69 0.57 1.1 564-56A 104 58 58 0.56 1.5 564-36E 85 17 17 0.20 1.5 564-55B 54 5 9.1 0.10 1.0 564-47A 18 1 4.8 0.06 0.8 564-35A 37 7 13 0.18 0.3 564-60D 61 3 4.5 0.06 0.2 564-45A 46 4 8.1 0.09 0.4 564-44B 50 1 1.7 0.02 564-49A 53 1 1.0 0.02 564-39C 62 1 1.4 0.02 0-- Free amino acids were extracted from mature seeds derived from selfpollinated plants and quantitated as described in Example 8. There was no significant difference in the free amino acid content of seeds from untransformed plants compared to that from the plants showing the highest free lysine accumulation in leaves, i.e. plants 564-18A, 564-2 1A, 564-36E, 564-56A.

EXAMPLE 12 Transformation of Tobacco with the Phaseolin Promoter/cts/ecodanA Dius Phaseolin Promoter/cts/lysC-M4 Chimeric Genes The chimeric gene cassettes, phaseolin 5' region/cts/ecodapAIphaseolin 3' region and phaseolin 5' region/cts/lvsC-M4/phaseolin 3' (Example 6) were combined in the binary vector pZS97 (Figure The binary vector is described in Example 8. To accomplish this the phaseolin 5' regionlcts/ecodaDA/phaseolin 3' chimeric gene was isolated as a 2.7 kb Hind III fragment and inserted into the Hind III site of vector pUCI3l8 [Kay et al (1987) Nucleic Acids Res. 6:2778], yielding pBT568. It was then possible to digest pBT568 with BamH I and isolate the chimeric gene on a 2.7 kb BamH I fragment. This fragment was inserted into BamH I digested pBT549 (Example yielding pBT57O. This binary vector has both chimeric genes, phaseolin 5' region/cts/ecodapAIphaseolin 3' gene and phaseolin 5' region/cts/lysC-M4/phaseolin 3' inserted in the same orientation.

WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 The binary vector pBT570 was transferred by tri-parental mating to Agrobacterium strain LBA4404/pAL4404, the Agrobacterium transformants used to inoculate tobacco leaf disks and the resulting transgenic plants regenerated by the methods set out in Example 7.

To assay for expression of the chimeric genes in the seeds of the transformed plants, the plants were allowed to flower, self-pollinate and go to seed. Total proteins were extracted from mature seeds and analyzed via western blots as described in Example 8.

Twenty-one of twenty-five transformants expressed the DHDPS protein and nineteen of these also expressed the AKIII protein (Table The amounts of the proteins expressed were related to the number of gene copies present in the transformants; the highest expressing lines, 570-4B, 570-12C, 570-59B and 570-23B, all had two or more sites of insertion of the gene cassette based on segregation of the kanamycin marker gene. Enzymatically active E. coli DHDPS was observed in mature seeds of all the lines tested wherein the protein was detected.

To measure free amino acid composition of the seeds, free amino acids were extracted from mature seeds and analyzed as described in Example 8. There was a good correlation between transformants expressing higher levels of both DHDPS and AKIII protein and those having higher levels of free lysine and threonine.

The highest expressing lines (marked by asterisk in Table 7) showed up to a 2-fold increase in free lysine levels and up to a 4-fold increase in the level of free threonine in the seeds.

In the highest expressing lines it was possible to detect a high level of a-aminoadipic acid. This compound is known to be an intermediate in the catabolism of lysine in cereal seeds, but is normally detected only via radioactive tracer experiments due to its low level of accumulation. The build-up of high levels of this intermediate indicates that a large amount of lysine is being produced in the seeds of these transformed lines and is passing through the catabolic pathway. The build-up of a-aminoadipic acid was not observed in transformants expressing only E. coli DHDPS or only AKIII-M4 in seeds. These results show that it is necessary to express both enzymes simultaneously to produce high levels of free lysine.

TABLE 7 BT570 Transformants: phaseolin 5'region/cts/vlsC-M4/phaseolin 3' region phaseolin 5'region/cts/ecodapA/phaseolin 3' region FREE AMINO TOTAL AMINO WESTERN WESTERN E. COLI ACIDS/SEED ACIDS/SEED E. COLI E. COLI DHDPS Progeny LINE K/L T/L K/L T/L DHDPS AKIII U/MG/HR Kanr:Kans WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 NORMAL 0.49 1.3 0.35 0.68 570-4B 0.31 2.6 0.34 0.64 15:1 570-7C 0.39 2.3 0.34 0.64 570-8B 0.29 2.1 0.34 0.63 570-12C* 0.64 5.1 0.36 0.68 >4.3 >15:1 570-18A 0.33 3.0 0.35 0.65 15:1 570-24A 0.33 2.0 0.34 0.65 570-37A 0.33 2.1 0.34 0.64 570-44A 0.29 2.1 0.34 0.64 570-46B 0.41 2.1 0.35 0.65 570-51B 0.33 1.5 0.33 0.64 0 570-59B* 0.46 3.0 0.35 0.65 2.6 >15:1 570-80A 0.31 2.2 0.34 0.64 570-11 A 0.28 2.3 0.34 0.67 3:1 570-17B 0.27 1.6 0.34 0.65 570-20A 0.41 2.3 0.35 0.67 570-21B 0.26 2.4 0.34 0.68 570-23B* 0.40 3.6 0.34 0.68 3.1 63:1 570-25D 0.30 2.3 0.35 0.66 570-26A 0.28 1.5 0.34 0.64 570-32A 0.25 2.5 0.34 0.67 570-35A 0.25 2.5 0.34 0.63 3:1 570-38A-1 0.25 2.6 0.34 0.64 3:1 570-38A-3 0.33 1.6 0.35 0.63 570-42A 0.27 2.5 0.34 0.62 3:1 570-45A 0.60 3.4 0.39 0.64 3:1 indicates free amino acid sample has a-aminoadipic acid EXAMPLE 13 Use of the cts/lysC-M4 Chimeric Gene as a Selectable Marker for Tobacco Transformation The 35S promoter/Cab leader/cts/lvsC-M4/Nos 3' chimeric gene in the binary vector pZS97K (pBT542, see Example 7) was used as a selectable genetic marker for transformation of tobacco. High concentrations of lysine plus threonine inhibit growth of shoots from tobacco leaf disks. Expression of active lysine and threonine insensitive AKIII-M4 reverses this growth inhibition (see Example 7).

WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 The binary vector pBT542 was transferred by tri-parental mating to Agrobacterium strain LBA4404/pAL4404, the Agrobacterium transformants used to inoculate tobacco leaf disks and the resulting transformed shoots were selected on shooting medium containing 3 mM lysine plus 3 mM threonine. Shoots were transferred to rooting media containing 3 mM lysine plus 3 mM threonine. Plants were grown from the rooted shoots. Leaf disks from the plants were placed on shooting medium containing 3 mM lysine plus 3 mM threonine. Transformed plants were identified by the shoot proliferation which occurred around the leaf disks on this medium.

EXAMPLE 14 Transformation of Tobacco with the 35S Promoter/cts/cordapA Chimeric Gene The 35S promoter/Cab leader/cts/cordapA/Nos 3' chimeric gene was isolated as a 3.0 kb BamH I-Sal I fragment and inserted into BamH I-Sal I digested binary vector pZS97K (Figure yielding plasmid pFS852. The binary vector is described in Example 7.

The binary vector containing the chimeric cordapA gene was transferred by tri-parental mating to Agrobacterium strain LBA4404/pAL4404, the Agrobacterium transformant was used to inoculate tobacco leaf disks and the resulting transgenic plants were regenerated by the methods set out in Example 7.

To assay for expression of the chimeric gene in leaves of the transformed plants, protein was extracted as described in Example 7, with the following modifications. The supernatant from the first ammonium sulfate precipitation, approximately 18 mL, was mixed with an additional 12 mL of cold, saturated ammonium sulfate. The mixture was set on ice for 30 min and centrifuged as described in Example 7. The supernatant was decanted and the pellet, which contained the DHDPS protein, was resuspended in 1 mL of TNE and desalted by passage over a Sephadex G-25 M column (Column PD-10, Pharmacia).

The leaf extracts were assayed for DHDPS protein and enzyme activity as described in Example 4. Corynebacteria DHDPS enzyme activity could be distinguished from tobacco DHDPS activity by its insensitivity to lysine inhibition. Eight of eleven transformants showed Corynebacteria DHDPS expression, both as protein detected via western blot and as active enzyme.

Free amino acids were extracted from leaves as described in Example 7.

Expression of Corynebacteria DHDPS resulted in large increases in the level of free lysine in the leaves (Table However, there was not a good correlation between the level of expression of DHDPS and the amount of free lysine accumulated. Free lysine levels from 2 to 50-fold higher than untransformed WO 98/42831 WO 98/283 1PCT/US98/06051 tobacco were observed. There was also a 2 to 2.5-fold increase in the level of total leaf lysine in the lines that showed high levels of free lysine.

TABLE 8 FS586 transformants: 35S promoter/Cab leader/cts/cordavA/Nos 3' FREE AMINO TOTAL AMINO WESTERN CORYNE.

ACIDS/LEAF ACIDS/LEAF CORYNE. DHDPS LINE K/i. KJL DHDPS U/MG/HR NORMAL 0.5 0.8- FS586-2A 1.0 0.8 FS586-4A 0.9 0.8 6.1 FS586-1 IB 3.6 0.8 3.4 86-I11D 26 2.0 FS586-13A 2.4 0.8 FS586-19C 5.1 0.8 3.1 FS586-22B >15 1.5 2.3 FS586-30B 0.8 FS586-38B 18 1.5 3.9 FS586-51A 1.3 0.8 FS586-58C 1.2 0.8 5.1 The plants were allowed to flower, self-pollinate and go to seed. Mature seed was harvested and assayed for free amino acid composition as described in Example 8. There was no difference in the free lysine content of the transformants compared to untransformed tobacco seed.

EXAMPLE Transformation of Tobacco with the KT13 romoter/cts/cordapA or Phaseolin Promoter/cts/cordapA lnlus Phaseolin Promoter/cts/lysC-M4 Chimeric Genes The chimeric gene cassettes, KT13 5' regionlcts/ cordapAIKTI3 3' region and phaseolin 5' region/cts/ lysC-M4/phaseolin 3' as well as phaseolin regionicts/ cordapA/phaseolin 3' region and phaseolin 5' region/cts/ lysC-M4/phaseolin 3' (Example 6) were combined in the binary vector pZS97 (Figure The binary vector is described in Example 8.

To accomplish this the KT13 5' region/cts/cordaSA/ KT13 3' region chimeric gene cassette was isolated as a 3.3 kb BamH I fragment and inserted into BamH I digested pBT549 (Example yielding pFS883. This binary vector has the chimeric genes, KT13 5' regionlcts/corda A/KT13 3' region and phaseolin regionicts/ lvsC-M4/phaseolin 3' region inserted in opposite orientations.

WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 The phaseolin 5' region/cts/cordaA/phaseolin 3'region chimeric gene cassette was modified using oligonucleotide adaptors to convert the Hind III sites at each end to BamH I sites. The gene cassette was then isolated as a 2.7 kb BamH I fragment and inserted into BamH I digested pBT549 (Example 8), yielding pFS903. This binary vector has both chimeric genes, phaseolin region/cts/cordapA/phaseolin 3' region and phaseolin region/cts/lysC-M4/phaseolin 3' region inserted in the same orientation.

The binary vectors pFS883 and pFS903 were transferred by tri-parental mating to Agrobacterium strain LBA4404/pAL4404, the Agrobacterium transformants were used to inoculate tobacco leaf disks and the resulting transgenic plants were regenerated by the methods set out in Example 7.

To assay for expression of the chimeric genes in the seeds of the transformed plants, the plants were allowed to flower, self-pollinate and go to seed. Total proteins were extracted from mature seeds and analyzed via western blots as described in Example 8.

Twenty-one of twenty-two transformants tested expressed the DHDPS protein and eighteen of these also expressed the AKIII protein (Table 8).

Enzymatically active Corynebacteria DHDPS was observed in mature seeds of all the lines tested wherein the protein was detected except one.

To measure free amino acid composition of the seeds, free amino acids were extracted from mature seeds and analyzed as described in Example 8. There was a good correlation between transformants expressing higher levels of both DHDPS and AKIII protein and those having higher levels of free lysine and threonine.

The highest expressing lines showed up to a 3-fold increase in free lysine levels and up to a 8-fold increase in the level of free threonine in the seeds. As was described in Example 12, a high level of a-aminoadipic acid, indicative of lysine catabolism, was observed in many of the transformed lines (indicated by asterisk in Table There was no major difference in the free amino acid composition or level of protein expression between the transformants which had the KTI3 or Phaseolin regulatory sequences driving expression of the Corynebacteria DHDPS gene.

TABLE 9 FS883 Transformants: phaseolin 5' region/cts/lysC-M4/phaseolin 3' KTI3 5' region/cts/cordaA/KTI3 3' FS903 Transformants: phaseolin 5' region/cts/lvsC-M4/phaseolin 3' phaseolin 5' region/cts/cordapA/phaseolin 3' FREE AMINO WESTERN WESTERN CORYNE.

ACIDS/SEED CORYNE. E. COLI DHDPS Progeny LINE K/L T/L DHDPS AKIII U/MG/HR Kanr:Kans WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 NORMAL 0.5 1.3 FS883-4A 0.9 4.0 >15:1 FS883-11A 1.0 3.5 3.1 3:1 FS883-14B 0.5 2.5 FS883-16A* 0.7 10.5 0 FS883-17A* 1.0 5.0 FS883-18C* 1.2 3.5 5.8 3:1 FS883-21A 0.5 1.5 FS883-26B* 1.1 3.6 2.4 FS883-29B 0.5 1.5 0.4 FS883-32B 0.7 2.4 1.5 3:1 FS883-38B* 1.1 11.3 FS883-59C* 1.4 6.1 0.5 15:1 FS903-3C 0.5 1.8 FS903-8A* 0.8 2.1 FS903-9B 0.6 1.8 4.3 FS903-10A 0.5 FS903-22F 0.5 1.8 0.9 FS903-35B* 0.8 2.1 FS903-36B 0.7 1.5 FS903-40A 0.6 1.8 FS903-41A* 1.2 2.0 FS903-42A 0.7 2.2 5.4 FS903-44C 0.5 1.9 FS903-53B 0.6 1.9 indicates free amino acid sample has a-aminoadipic acid Free amino acid composition and expression of bacterial DHDPS and AKIII proteins was also analyzed in developing seeds of two lines that segregated as single gene cassette insertions (see Table 10). Expression of the DHDPS protein under control of the KTI3 promoter was detected at earlier times than that of the AKIII protein under control of the Phaseolin promoter, as expected. At 14 days after flowering both proteins were expressed at a high level and there was about an 8-fold increase in the level of free lysine compared to normal seeds. These results confirm that simultaneous expression of lysine insensitive DHDPS and lysine-insensitive AK results in the production of high levels of free lysine in seeds. Free lysine does not continue to accumulate to even higher levels, however. In mature seeds free lysine is at a level 2 to 3-fold higher than in normal WO 98/42831 WO 98/283 1PCT/US98/06051 mature seeds, and the lysine breakdown product ct-aminoadipic acid accumulates.

These results provide further evidence that lysine catabolism occurs in seeds and prevents accumulation of the high levels of free lysine produced in transformants expressing lysine insensitive DHDPS and lysine insensitive AK.

TABLE Developing seeds of FS883 Transformants: phaseolin 5' region/cts/lysC-M4/phaseolin 3' region KT13 5' region/cts/cordapAfKT13 3' region FREE AMINO WESTERN WESTERN DAYS AFTER ACIDS/SEED CORYNE. E. COLI LINE FLOWERING KIL T/L DHDPS AKIII FS883-18C 9 1.1 2.1 FS883-18C 10 1.4 3.3+- FS883-18C 11 1.4 2.5 FS883-18C 14 4.3 1.0 FS883-18C* MATURE 1.2 3.5 !4 FS883-32B 9 1.3 2.9 FS883-32B 10 1.6 2.7 FS883-32B 11 1.4 2.3 FS883-32B* 14 3.9 1.3 FS883-32B* MATURE 0.7 2.4 *indicates free amino acid sample has a-aminoadipic acid EXAMPLE 16 Transformation of Oilseed Raoe with the Phaseolin Promoter/cts/cordayA and Phaseolin Promoter/cts/lvsC-M4 Chimeric Genes The chimeric gene cassettes, phaseolin 5' region! cts/cordaDAlphaseolin 3' region, phaseolin 5' region! cts/lysC-M4/phaseolin and phaseolin cts/cordaR/phaseolin 3' region plus phaseolin 5' regionlcts/lysC-M4/phaseolin 3' (Example 6) were inserted into the binary vector pZS 199 (Figure 7A), which is simi-lar to pSZ97K described in Example 8. In pZS 199 the 35S promoter from Cauliflower Mosaic Virus replaced the Nos promoter driving expression of the NPT 11 to provide better expression of the marker gene, and the orientation of the polylinker containing the multiple restriction endonuclease sites was reversed.

To insert the phaseolin 5' region/cts/cordapAi phaseolin 3' region, the gene cassette was isolated as a 2.7 kb BamH I fragment (as described in Example and inserted into BarnH I digested pZS 199, yielding plasmid pFS926 (Figure 7B).

This binary vector has the chimeric gene, phaseolin WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 region/cts/cordapA/phaseolin 3' region inserted in the same orientation as the II/nos 3' marker gene.

To insert the phaseolin 5' region/cts/lysC-M4/phaseolin 3' region, the gene cassette was isolated as a 3.3 kb EcoR I to Spe I fragment and inserted into EcoR I plus Xba I digested pZS199, yielding plasmid pBT593 (Figure 7C). This binary vector has the chimeric gene, phaseolin 5' region/cts/lvsC-M4/phaseolin 3' region inserted in the same orientation as the 35S/NPT II/nos 3' marker gene.

To combine the two cassettes, the EcoR I site of pBT593 was converted to a BamH I site using oligonucleotide adaptors, the resulting vector was cut with BamH I and the phaseolin 5' region/cts/cordaA/ phaseolin 3' region gene cassette was isolated as a 2.7 kb BamH I fragment and inserted, yielding pBT597 (Figure 7D). This binary vector has both chimeric genes, phaseolin region/cts/cordapA/phaseolin 3' region and phaseolin 5' region/cts/lvsC- M4/phaseolin 3' region inserted in the same orientation as the 35S/NPT II/nos 3' marker gene.

Brassica napus cultivar "Westar" was transformed by co-cultivation of seedling pieces with disarmed Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 carrying the appropriate binary vector.

B. napus seeds were sterilized by stirring in 10% Clorox, 0.1% SDS for thirty min, and then rinsed thoroughly with sterile distilled water. The seeds were germinated on sterile medium containing 30 mM CaCI 2 and 1.5% agar, and grown for 6 d in the dark at 240.

Liquid cultures of Agrobacterium for plant transformation were grown overnight at 28 0 C in Minimal A medium containing 100 mg/L kanamycin. The bacterial cells were pelleted by centrifugation and resuspended at a concentration of 108 cells/mL in liquid Murashige and Skoog Minimal Organic medium containing 100 uM acetosyringone.

B. napus seedling hypocotyls were cut into 5 mm segments which were immediately placed into the bacterial suspension. After 30 min, the hypocotyl pieces were removed from the bacterial suspension and placed onto BC-35 callus medium containing 100 uM acetosyringone. The plant tissue and Agrobacteria were co-cultivated for 3 d at 24 0 C in dim light.

The co-cultivation was terminated by transferring the hypocotyl pieces to callus medium containing 200 mg/L carbenicillin to kill the Agrobacteria, and 25 mg/L kanamycin to select for transformed plant cell growth. The seedling pieces were incubated on this medium for three weeks at 240 under continuous light.

WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 After three weeks, the segments were transferred to BS-48 regeneration medium containing 200 mg/L carbenicillin and 25 mg/L kanamycin. Plant tissue was subcultured every two weeks onto fresh selective regeneration medium, under the same culture conditions described for the callus medium. Putatively transformed calli grew rapidly on regeneration medium; as calli reached a diameter of about 2 mm, they were removed from the hypocotyl pieces and placed on the same medium lacking kanamycin Shoots began to appear within several weeks after transfer to BS-48 regeneration medium. As soon as the shoots formed discernible stems, they were excised from the calli, transferred to MSV-1A elongation medium, and moved to a 16:8-h photoperiod at 24°.

Once shoots had elongated several internodes, they were cut above the agar surface and the cut ends were dipped in Rootone. Treated shoots were planted directly into wet Metro-Mix 350 soiless potting medium. The pots were covered with plastic bags which were removed when the plants were clearly growing, after about 10 days. Results of the transformation are shown in Table 11. Transformed plants were obtained with each of the binary vectors.

Minimal A Bacterial Growth Medium Dissolve in distilled water: 10.5 g potassium phosphate, dibasic g potassium phosphate, monobasic g ammonium sulfate g sodium citrate, dihydrate Make up to 979 mL with distilled water Autoclave Add 20 mL filter-sterilized 10% sucrose Add 1 mL filter-sterilized 1 M MgSO4 Brassica Callus Medium Per liter: Murashige and Skoog Minimal Organic Medium (MS salts, 100 mg/L i-inositol, 0.4 mg/L thiamine; GIBCO #510-3118) g sucrose 18 g mannitol mg/L 2,4-D 0.3 mg/L kinetin 0.6% agarose WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 pH 5.8 Brassica Regeneration Medium BS-48 Murashige and Skoog Minimal Organic Medium Gamborg B5 Vitamins (SIGMA #1019) g glucose 250 mg xylose 600 mg MES 0.4% agarose pH 5.7 Filter-sterilize and add after autoclaving: mg/L zeatin 0.1 mg/L IAA Brassica Shoot Elongation Medium MSV-1A Murashige and Skoog Minimal Organic Medium Gamborg B5 Vitamins 0 g sucrose 0.6% agarose pH 5.8 TABLE 11 Canola transformants NUMBER OF BINARY NUMBER OF NUMBER OF SHOOTING NUMBER OF VECTOR CUT ENDS KANR CALLI CALLI PLANTS pZS199 120 41 5 2 pFS926 600 278 52 28 pBT593 600 70 10 3 pBT597 600 223 40 23 Plants were grown under a 16:8-h photoperiod, with a daytime temperature of 230 and a nighttime temperature of 170. When the primary flowering stem began to elongate, it was covered with a mesh pollen-containment bag to prevent outcrossing. Self-pollination was facilitated by shaking the plants several times each day. Mature seeds derived from self-pollinations were harvested about three months after planting.

A partially defatted seed meal was prepared as follows: 40 mg of mature dry seed was ground with a mortar and pestle under liquid nitrogen to a fine powder.

One milliliter of hexane was added and the mixture was shaken at room WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 temperature for 15 min. The meal was pelleted in an eppendorf centrifuge, the hexane was removed and the hexane extraction was repeated. Then the meal was dried at 65° for 10 min until the hexane was completely evaporated leaving a dry powder. Total proteins were extracted from mature seeds as follows.

Approximately 30-40 mg of seeds were put into a 1.5 mL disposable plastic microfuge tube and ground in 0.25 mL of 50 mM Tris-HCI pH 6.8, 2 mM EDTA, 1% SDS, 1% p-mercaptoethanol. The grinding was done using a motorized grinder with disposable plastic shafts designed to fit into the microfuge tube. The resultant suspensions were centrifuged for 5 min at room temperature in a microfuge to remove particulates. Three volumes of extract was mixed with 1 volume of 4 X SDS-gel sample buffer (0.1 M Tris-HCl pH6.8, 6.7% SDS, 16.7% P-mercaptoethanol, 33% glycerol) and 5 gL from each extract were run per lane on an SDS polyacrylamide gel, with bacterially produced DHDPS or AKIII serving as a size standard and protein extracted from untransformed tobacco seeds serving as a negative control. The proteins were then electrophoretically blotted onto a nitrocellulose membrane. The membranes were exposed to the DHDPS or AKIII antibodies at a 1:5000 dilution of the rabbit serum using standard protocol provided by BioRad with their Immun-Blot Kit.

Following rinsing to remove unbound primary antibody the membranes were exposed to the secondary antibody, donkey anti-rabbit Ig conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (Amersham) at a 1:3000 dilution. Following rinsing to remove unbound secondary antibody, the membranes were exposed to Amersham chemiluminescence reagent and X-ray film.

Eight of eight FS926 transformants and seven of seven BT597 transformants expressed the DHDPS protein. The single BT593 transformant and five of seven BT597 transformants expressed the AKIII-M4 protein (Table 12). Thus it is straightforward to express these proteins in oilseed rape seeds.

To measure free amino acid composition of the seeds, free amino acids were extracted from 40 mg of the defatted meal in 0.6 mL of methanol/chloroform/water mixed in ratio of 12v/5v/3v (MCW) at room temperature. The mixture was vortexed and then centrifuged in an eppendorf microcentrifuge for about 3 min. Approximately 0.6 mL of supernatant was decanted and an additional 0.2 mL of MCW was added to the pellet which was then vortexed and centrifuged as above. The second supernatant, about 0.2 mL, was added to the first. To this, 0.2 mL of chloroform was added followed by 0.3 mL of water. The mixture was vortexed and then centrifuged in an eppendorf microcentrifuge for about 3 min, the upper aqueous phase, approximately 1.0 mL, was removed, and was dried down in a Savant Speed Vac Concentrator. The WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 samples were hydrolyzed in 6 N hydrochloric acid, 0.4% P-mercaptoethanol under nitrogen for 24 h at 110-1200; 1/4 of the sample was run on a Beckman Model 6300 amino acid analyzer using post-column ninhydrin detection. Relative free amino acid levels in the seeds were compared as ratios of lysine or threonine to leucine, thus using leucine as an internal standard.

In contrast to tobacco seeds, expression of Corynebacterium DHDPS lead to large increases in accumulation of free lysine in rapeseed transformants. The highest expressing lines showed a greater than 100-fold increase in free lysine level in the seeds. The transformant that expressed AKIII-M4 in the absence of Corynebacteria DHDPS showed a 5-fold increase in the level of free threonine in the seeds. Concomitant expression of both enzymes resulted in accumulation of high levels of free lysine, but not threonine.

A high level of a-aminoadipic acid, indicative of lysine catabolism, was observed in many of the transformed lines. Thus, prevention of lysine catabolism by inactivation of lysine ketoglutarate reductase should further increase the accumulation of free lysine in the seeds. Alternatively, incorporation of lysine into a peptide or lysine-rich protein would prevent catabolism and lead to an increase in the accumulation of lysine in the seeds.

To measure the total amino acid composition of mature seeds, 2 mg of the defatted meal were hydrolyzed in 6 N hydrochloric acid, 0.4% P-mercaptoethanol under nitrogen for 24 h at 110-1200; 1/100 of the sample was run on a Beckman Model 6300 amino acid analyzer using post-column ninhydrin detection. Relative amino acid levels in the seeds were compared as percentages of lysine, threonine or a-aminoadipic acid to total amino acids.

There was a good correlation between expression of DHDPS protein and accumulation of high levels of lysine in the seeds of transformants. Seeds with a 5-100% increase in the lysine level, compared to the untransformed control, were observed. In the transformant with the highest level, lysine makes up about 13% of the total seed amino acids, considerably higher than any previously known rapeseed seed. This transformant expresses high levels of both E. coli AKIII-M4 and Corynebacterium DHDPS.

WO 98/42831 WO 9842831PCTIUS98/06051 TABLE 12 FS926 Transformants: phaseolin 5' region/cts/cordapAphaseolin 3' BT593 Transformants: phaseolin 5'region/cts/lvsC-M4/phaseolin 3' BT597 Transformants: phaseolin 5' region/cts/IvsC-M4/phaseolin 3' phaseolmn 5' region/cts/cordapA/phaseolin 3' WESTERN WESTERN TOTAL AMINO FREE AMINO ACIDS CORYNE. E. COLI ACIDS LINE K/L T/L AA/L DHDPS AKIII-M4 K T AA WESTAR 0.8 2.0 0 6.5 5.6 0 ZS 199 1.3 3.2 0 6.3 5.4 0 FS926-3 140 2.0 16 12 5.1 FS926-9 110 1.7 12 11 5.0 0.8 FS926-11 7.9 2.0 5.2 7.7 5.2 0 FS926-6 14 1.8 4.6 8.2 5.9 0 FS926-22 3.1 1.3 0.3 6.9 5.7 0 FS926-27 4.2 1.9 1.1 7.1 5.6 0 FS926-29 38 1.8 4.7 -i -i 12 5.2 1.6 FS926-68 4.2 1.8 0.9 -8.3 5.5 0 BT593-42 1.4 11 0 6.3 6.0 0 BT597-14 6.0 2.6 4.3 7.0 5.3 0 BT597-145 1.3 2.9 0 BT597-4 38 3.7 4.5 +H+13 5.6 1.6 BT597-68 4.7 2.7 1.5 6.9 5.8 0 BT597-1 00 9.1 1.9 1.7 6.6 5.7 0 BT597-148 7.6 2.3 0.9 7.3 5.7 0 BT597-169 5.6 2.6 1.7 14 T -H 6.6 5.7 0 AA is a-amino adipic acid EXAMPLE 17 Transformation of Maize Using a Chimeric lsC-M4 Gene as a Selectable Marker Embryogenic callus cultures were initiated from immature embryos (about to 1.5 mm) dissected from kernels of a corn line bred for giving a "type HI callus" tissue culture response. The embryos were dissected 10 to 12 d after pollination and were placed with the axis-side down and in contact with agarosesolidified N6 medium [Chu et al. (1974) Sci Sin 18:659-668] supplemented with mg/L 2,4-D The embryos were kept in the dark at 27'C. Friable embryogenic callus consisting of undifferentiated masses of cells with somatic proembryos and somatic embryos borne on suspensor structures proliferated from WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 the scutellum of the immature embryos. Clonal embryogenic calli isolated from individual embryos were identified and sub-cultured on N6-0.5 medium every 2 to 3 weeks.

The particle bombardment method was used to transfer genes to the callus culture cells. A Biolistic T PDS-1000/He (BioRAD Laboratories, Hercules, CA) was used for these experiments.

The plasmid pBT573, containing the chimeric gene HH534 5' region/ mcts/lysC-M4/HH2-1 3' region (see Example 6) designed for constitutive gene expression in corn, was precipitated onto the surface of gold particles. To accomplish this 2.5 gg of pBT573 (in water at a concentration of about 1 mg/mL) was added to 25 mL of gold particles (average diameter of 1.5 Pm) suspended in water (60 mg of gold per mL). Calcium chloride (25 mL of a 2.5 M solution) and spermidine (10 mL of a 1.0 M solution) were then added to the gold-DNA suspension as the tube was vortexing. The gold particles were centrifuged in a microfuge for 10 s and the supernatant removed. The gold particles were then resuspended in 200 mL of absolute ethanol, were centrifuged again and the supernatant removed. Finally, the gold particles were resuspended in 25 mL of absolute ethanol and sonicated twice for one sec. Five pL of the DNA-coated gold particles were then loaded on each macro carrier disk and the ethanol was allowed to evaporate away leaving the DNA-covered gold particles dried onto the disk.

Embryogenic callus (from the callus line designated #132.2.2) was arranged in a circular area of about 6 cm in diameter in the center of a 100 X 20 mm petri dish containing N6-0.5 medium supplemented with 0.25M sorbitol and 0.25M mannitol. The tissue was placed on this medium for 2 h prior to bombardment as a pretreatment and remained on the medium during the bombardment procedure.

At the end of the 2 h pretreatment period, the petri dish containing the tissue was placed in the chamber of the PDS-1000/He. The air in the chamber was then evacuated to a vacuum of 28 inch of Hg. The macrocarrier was accelerated with a helium shock wave using a rupture membrane that bursts when the He pressure in the shock tube reaches 1100 psi. The tissue was placed approximately 8 cm from the stopping screen. Four plates of tissue were bombarded with the DNA-coated gold particles. Immediately following bombardment, the callus tissue was transferred to N6-0.5 medium without supplemental sorbitol or mannitol.

Seven d after bombardment small (2-4 mM diameter) clumps of callus tissue were transferred to N6-0.5 medium lacking casein or proline, but supplemented with 2mM each of lysine and threonine The tissue continued to grow slowly on this medium and was transferred to fresh N6-0.5 medium WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 supplemented with LT every 2 weeks. After 12 weeks two clones of actively growing callus was identified on two separate plates containing LT-supplemented medium. These clones continued to grow when sub-cultured on the selective medium. The presence of the lysC-M4 gene in the selected clones was confirmed by PCR analysis. Callus was transferred to medium that promotes plant regeneration.

EXAMPLE 18 Transformation of Corn with the Constitutive Corn Promoter/cts/ecodapA and Constitutive Corn Promoter/cts/lvsC-M4 The chimeric gene cassettes, HH534 5' region/ mcts/ecodapA/HH2-1 3' region plus HH534 5' region/ mcts/lysC-M4/HH2-1 3' region, (Example 6) were inserted into the vector pGem9z to generate a corn transformation vector. Plasmid pBT583 (Example 6) was digested with Sal I and an 1850 bp fragment containing the HH534 5' region/mcts/ecodaA/HH2-1 3' region gene cassette was isolated.

This DNA fragment was inserted into pBT573 (Example which carries the HH534 5' region/mcts/ lvsC-M4/HH2-1 3' region, digested with Xho I. The resulting vector with both chimeric genes in the same orientation was designated pBT586.

Vector pBT586 was introduced into embryogenic corn callus tissue using the particle bombardment method. The establishment of the embryogenic callus cultures and the parameters for particle bombardment were as described in Example 17.

Either one of two plasmid vectors containing selectable markers were used in the transformations. One plasmid, pALSLUC [Fromm et al. (1990) Biotechnology 8:833-839], contained a cDNA of the maize acetolactate synthase (ALS) gene. The ALS cDNA had been mutated in vitro so that the enzyme coded by the gene would be resistant to chlorsulfuron. This plasmid also contains a gene that uses the 35S promoter from Cauliflower Mosaic Virus and the 3' region of the nopaline synthase gene to express a firefly luciferase coding region [de Wet et al.

(1987) Molec. Cell Biol. 7:725-737]. The other plasmid, pDETRIC, contained the bar gene from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that confers resistance to the herbicide glufosinate [Thompson et al. (1987 The EMBO Journal 6:2519-2523]. The bacterial gene had its translation codon changed from GTG to ATG for proper translation initiation in plants [De Block et al. (1987) The EMBO Journal 6:2513-2518]. The bar gene was driven by the 35S promoter from Cauliflower Mosaic Virus and uses the termination and polyadenylation signal from the octopine synthase gene from Agrobacterium tumefaciens.

WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 For bombardment, 2.5 gg of each plasmid, pBT586 and one of the two selectable marker plasmids, was co-precipitated onto the surface of gold particles as described in Example 17. Bombardment of the embryogenic tissue cultures was also as described in Example 17.

Seven days after bombardment the tissue was transferred to selective medium. The tissue bombarded with the selectable marker pALSLUC was transferred to N6-0.5 medium that contained chlorsulfuron (30 ng/L) and lacked casein or proline. The tissue bombarded with the selectable marker, pDETRIC, was transferred to N6-0.5 medium that contained 2 mg/L glufosinate and lacked casein or proline. The tissue continued to grow slowly on these selective media.

After an additional 2 weeks the tissue was transferred to fresh N6-0.5 medium containing the selective agents.

Chlorsulfuron- and glufosinate-resistance callus clones could be identified after an additional 6-8 weeks. These clones continued to grow when transferred to the selective media.

The presence of pBT586 in the transformed clones has been confirmed by PCR analysis. Functionality of the introduced AK enzyme was tested by plating out transformed clones on N6-0.5 media containing 2 mM each of lysine and threonine (LT selection; see Example 13). All of the clones were capable of growing on LT medium indicating that the E. coli aspartate kinase was expressed and was functioning properly. To test that the E. coli DHDPS enzyme was functional, transformed callus was plated on N6-0.5 media containing 2.M 2-aminoethylcysteine (AEC), a lysine analog and potent inhibitor of plant DHDPS. The transformed callus tissue was resistant to AEC indicating that the introduced DHDPS, which is about 16-fold less sensitive to AEC than the plant enzyme, was being produced and was functional. Plants have been regenerated from several transformed clones and are being grown to maturity.

EXAMPLE 19 Transformation of Soybean with the Phaseolin Promoter/cts/cordapA and Phaseolin Promoter/cts/lvsC-M4 Chimeric Genes The chimeric gene cassettes, phaseolin 5' region/ cts/cordapA/phaseolin 3' region plus phaseolin 5' region/cts/lvsC-M4/phaseolin (Example 6) were inserted into the soybean transformation vector pBT603 (Figure 8A). This vector has a soybean transformation marker gene consisting of the 35S promoter from Cauliflower Mosaic Virus driving expression of the E. coli P-glucuronidase gene [Jefferson et al. (1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:8447-8451] with the Nos 3' region in a modified pGEM9Z plasmid.

WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 To insert the phaseolin 5' region/cts/lvsC-M4/ phaseolin 3' region, the gene cassette was isolated as a 3.3 kb Hind III fragment and inserted into Hind III digested pBT603, yielding plasmid pBT609. This binary vector has the chimeric gene, phaseolin 5' region/ cts/lvsC-M4/phaseolin 3' region inserted in the opposite orientation from the 35S/GUS/Nos 3' marker gene.

To insert the phaseolin 5' region/cts/cordapA/ phaseolin 3'region the gene cassette was isolated as a 2.7 kb BamH I fragment (as described in Example and inserted into BamH I digested pBT609, yielding plasmid pBT614 (Figure 8B). This vector has both chimeric genes, phaseolin 5' region/cts/lvsC-M4/phaseolin 3' region and phaseolin 5' region/cts/cordapA/phaseolin 3' region inserted in the same orientation, and both are in the opposite orientation from the 35S/GUS/Nos 3' marker gene.

Soybean was transformed with plasmid pBT614 according to the procedure described in United States Patent No. 5,015,580. Soybean transformation was performed by Agracetus Company (Middleton, WI). Seeds from five transformed lines were obtained and analyzed.

It was expected that the transgenes would be segregating in the R1 seeds of the transformed plants. To identify seeds that carried the transformation marker gene, a small chip of the seed was cut off with a razor and put into a well in a disposable plastic microtiter plate. A GUS assay mix consisting of 100 mM NaH 2

PO

4 10 mM EDTA, 0.5 mM K 4 Fe(CN) 6 0.1% Triton X-100, 0.5 mg/mL 5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl P-D-glucuronic acid was prepared and 0.15 mL was added to each microtiter well. The microtiter plate was incubated at 370 for min. The development of blue color indicated the expression of GUS in the seed.

Five of seven transformed lines showed approximately 3:1 segregation for GUS expression indicating that the GUS gene was inserted at a single site in the soybean genome. The other transformants showed 9:1 and 15:1 segregation, suggesting that the GUS gene was inserted at two sites.

A meal was prepared from a fragment of individual seeds by grinding into a fine powder. Total proteins were extracted from the meal by adding 1 mg to 0.1 mL of 43 mM Tris-HC1 pH 6.8, 1.7% SDS, 4.2% P-mercaptoethanol, 8% glycerol, vortexing the suspension, boiling for 2-3 min and vortexing again.

The resultant suspensions were centrifuged for 5 min at room temperature in a microfuge to remove particulates and 10 L from each extract were run per lane on an SDS polyacrylamide gel, with bacterially produced DHDPS or AKIII serving as a size standard. The proteins were then electrophoretically blotted onto WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 a nitrocellulose membrane. The membranes were exposed to the DHDPS or AKIII antibodies, at a 1:5000 or 1:1000 dilution, respectively, of the rabbit serum using standard protocol provided by BioRad with their Immun-Blot Kit.

Following rinsing to remove unbound primary antibody the membranes were exposed to the secondary antibody, donkey anti-rabbit Ig conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (Amersham) at a 1:3000 dilution. Following rinsing to remove unbound secondary antibody, the membranes were exposed to Amersham chemiluminescence reagent and X-ray film.

Six of seven transformants expressed the DHDPS protein. In the six transformants that expressed DHDPS, there was excellent correlation between expression of GUS and DHDPS in individual seeds (Table 13). Therefore, the GUS and DHDPS genes are integrated at the same site in the soybean genome.

Four of seven transformants expressed the AKIII protein, and again there was excellent correlation between expression of AKIII, GUS and DHDPS in individual seeds (Table 13). Thus, in these four transformants the GUS, AKIII and DHDPS genes are integrated at the same site in the soybean genome. One transformant expressed only GUS in its seeds.

To measure free amino acid composition of the seeds, free amino acids were extracted from 8-10 milligrams of the meal in 1.0 mL of methanol/chloroform/water mixed in ratio of 12v/5v/3v (MCW) at room temperature. The mixture was vortexed and then centrifuged in an eppendorf microcentrifuge for about 3 min; approximately 0.8 mL of supernatant was decanted. To this supernatant, 0.2 mL of chloroform was added followed by 0.3 mL of water. The mixture was vortexed and then centrifuged in an eppendorf microcentrifuge for about 3 min, the upper aqueous phase, approximately 1.0 mL, was removed, and was dried down in a Savant Speed Vac Concentrator. The samples were hydrolyzed in 6 N hydrochloric acid, 0.4% P-mercaptoethanol under nitrogen for 24 h at 110-1200; 1/10 of the sample was run on a Beckman Model 6300 amino acid analyzer using post-column ninhydrin detection. Relative free amino acid levels in the seeds were compared as ratios of lysine to leucine, thus using leucine as an internal standard.

Soybean transformants expressing Corynebacteria DHDPS alone and in concert with E. coli AKIII-M4 accumulated high levels of free lysine in their seeds. From 20 fold to 120-fold increases in free lysine levels were observed (Table 13). A high level of saccharopine, indicative oflysine catabolism, was also observed in seeds that contained high levels of lysine. Thus, prevention of lysine catabolism by inactivation of lysine ketoglutarate reductase should further increase the accumulation of free lysine in the seeds. Alternatively, incorporation WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 of lysine into a peptide or lysine-rich protein would prevent catabolism and lead to an increase in the accumulation of lysine in the seeds.

To measure the total amino acid composition of mature seeds, 1-1.4 milligrams of the seed meal was hydrolyzed in 6 N hydrochloric acid, 0.4% (v/v) P-mercaptoethanol under nitrogen for 24 h at 110-1200; 1/50 of the sample was run on a Beckman Model 6300 amino acid analyzer using post-column ninhydrin detection. Lysine (and other amino acid) levels in the seeds were compared as percentages of the total amino acids.

The soybean seeds expressing Corynebacteria DHDPS showed substantial increases in accumulation of total seed lysine. Seeds with a 5-35% increase in total lysine content, compared to the untransformed control, were observed. In these seeds lysine makes up 7.5-7.7% of the total seed amino acids.

Soybean seeds expressing Corynebacteria DHDPS in concert with E. coli AKIII-M4 showed much greater accumulation of total seed lysine than those expressing Corynebacteria DHDPS alone. Seeds with a more than four-fold increase in total lysine content were observed. In these seeds lysine makes up 20-25% of the total seed amino acids, considerably higher than any previously known soybean seed.

TABLE 13

TOTAL

LINE-SEED GUS Free LYS/LEU DHDPS AKIII SEED LYS A2396-145-4 0.9 -5.8 A2396-145-8 A2396-145-5 0.8 5.9 A2396-145-3 A2396-145-9 A2396-145-6 4.6 A2396-145-1 8.7 A2396-145-10 18.4 A2396-145-7 21.7 6.7 A2396-145-2 45.5 7.2 A5403-175-9 1.3 A5403-175-4 1.2 A5403-175-3 1.0 A5403-175-7 A5403-175-5 1.8 A5403-175-1 6.2 WO 98/42831 PCTIUS98/06051 A5403-175-2 6.5 6.3 A5403-175-6 14.4 A5403-175-8 47.8 7.7 A5403-175-10 124.3 A5403-181-9 1.4 A5403-181-10 1.4 5.7 A5403-181-8 0.9 A5403-181-6 A5403-181-4 -0.7 5.9 A5403-181-5 1.1 A5403-181-2 -1.8 5.6 A5403-181-3 2.7 A5403-181-7 1.9 A5403-181-1 2.3 A5403-183-9 0.8 A5403-183-6 0.7 A5403-183-8 1.3 A5403-183-4 1.3 A5403-183-5 0.9 A5403-1 83-3 3. 1 A5403-183-1 3.3 A5403-183-7 9.9 A5403-183-10 22.3 6.7 A5403-183-2 23.1 7.3 A5403-196-8 -0.9 5.9 A5403-196-6 8.3 A5403-196-1 16.1 6.8 A5403-196-7 27.9 A5403-196-3 52.8 A5403- 196-5 26 A5403-196-2 16.2 A5403-196-10 29 A5403-196-4 58.2 7.6 A5403-196-9 47.1 WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 A2396-233-1 A2396-233-2 18 A2396-233-3 23 A2396-233-4 A2396-233-5 A2396-233-6 16 A2396-233-13 18 A2396-234-1 8.3 A2396-234-2 13 A2396-234-3 A2396-234-4 19 A2396-234-9 A2396-234-16 5.9 wild type -0.9 5.6 control EXAMPLE Isolation of a Plant Lysine Ketoglutarate Reductase Gene Lysine Ketoglutarate Reductase (LKR) enzyme activity has been observed in immature endosperm of developing maize seeds [Arruda et al. (1982) Plant Physiol. 69:988-989]. LKR activity increases sharply from the onset of endosperm development, reaches a peak level at about 20 d after pollination, and then declines [Arruda et al. (1983) Phytochemistry 22:2687-2689].

In order to clone the corn LKR gene, RNA was isolated from developing seeds 19 days after pollination. This RNA was sent to Clontech Laboratories, Inc., (Palo Alto, CA) for the custom synthesis of a cDNA library in the vector Lambda Zap II. The conversion of the Lambda Zap II library into a phagemid library, then into a plasmid library was accomplished following the protocol provided by Clontech. Once converted into a plasmid library the ampicillinresistant clones obtained carry the cDNA insert in the vector pBluescript Expression of the cDNA is under control of the lacZ promoter on the vector.

Two phagemid libraries were generated using the mixtures of the Lambda Zap II phage and the filamentous helper phage of 100 pL to 1 gL. Two additional libraries were generated using mixtures of 100 iL Lambda Zap II to 10 pL helper phage and 20 gL Lambda Zap II to 10 uL helper phage. The titers of the phagemid preparations were similar regardless of the mixture used and were about WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 2 x 10 3 ampicillin-resistant-transfectants per mL with E. coli strain XL 1-Blue as the host and about 1 x 103 with DE126 (see below) as host.

To select clones that carried the LKR gene a specially designed E. coli host, DE126 was constructed. Construction of DE126 occurred in several stages. A generalized transducing stock of coliphage P vir was produced by infection of a culture of TSTI araD139, A(argF-lac)205, flb5301, ptsF25, relAl, rsL 150, malE52::Tn0, deoC1, coli Genetic Stock Center #6137) using a standard method (for Methods see J. Miller, Experiments in Molecular Genetics).

This phage stock was used as a donor in a transductional cross (for Method see J. Miller, Experiments in Molecular Genetics) with strain GIF106MI arg-, ilvA296, lysC1001, thrA1l01, metLl000, rpsL9, malT1, xvl-7, mtl-2, thil(?), suE44(?)] coli Genetic Stock Center #5074) as the recipient.

Recombinants were selected on rich medium [L supplemented with DAP] containing the antibiotic tetracycline. The transposon Tnl0, conferring tetracycline resistance, is inserted in the malE gene of strain TST1. Tetracyclineresistant transductants derived from this cross are likely to contain up to 2 min of the E. coli chromosome in the vicinity of malE. The genes malE and lysC are separated by less than 0.5 minutes, well within cotransduction distance.

200 tetracycline-resistant transductants were thoroughly phenotyped; appropriate fermentation and nutritional traits were scored. The recipient strain GIF106M is completely devoid of aspartokinase isozymes due to mutations in thrA, metL and lysC. and therefore requires the presence of threonine, methionine, lysine and meso-diaminopimelic acid (DAP) for growth. Transductants that had inherited lysC with malE::TnlO from TSTI would be expected to grow on a minimal medium that contains vitamin B1, L-arginine, L-isoleucine and L-valine in addition to glucose which serves as a carbon and energy source. Moreover strains having the genetic constitution of lvsC+, metL- and thrA- will only express the lysine sensitive aspartokinase. Hence addition of lysine to the minimal medium should prevent the growth of the lvsC+ recombinant by leading to starvation for threonine, methionine and DAP. Of the 200 tetracycline resistant transductants examined, 49 grew on the minimal medium devoid of threonine, methionine and DAP. Moreover, all 49 were inhibited by the addition of L-lysine to the minimal medium. One of these transductants was designated DE125.

DE125 has the phenotype of tetracycline resistance, growth requirements for arginine, isoleucine and valine, and sensitivity to lysine. The genotype of this strain is F- malE52::Tnl0 arg- ilvA296 thrAl101 metL1000 lambda- rpsL9 malT1 xvl-7 mtl-2 thil(?) suE 4 4 WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 This step involves production of a male derivative of strain DE125.

Strain DE125 was mated with the male strain AB1528 [F'l 6/delta(gpt-proA)62, lacY1 or lacZ4, glnV44, galK2 hisG4, rfbdl, mgl-51, kdgK51(?), ilvC7, argE3, thi-1] coli Genetic Stock Center #1528) by the method of conjugation.

F'16 carries the ilvGMEDAYC gene cluster. The two strains were cross streaked on rich medium permissive for the growth of each strain. After incubation, the plate was replica plated to a synthetic medium containing tetracycline, arginine, vitamin B1 and glucose. DE125 cannot grow on this medium because it cannot synthesize isoleucine. Growth of AB 1528 is prevented by the inclusion of the antibiotic tetracycline and the omission of proline and histidine from the synthetic medium. A patch of cells grew on this selective medium. These recombinant cells underwent single colony isolation on the same medium. The phenotype of one clone was determined to be Ilv+, Arg-, TetR, Lysine-sensitive, male specific phage (MS2)-sensitive, consistent with the simple transfer of F' 16 from AB 1528 to DE125. This clone was designated DE126 and has the genotype F'16/malE52::Tnl0, arg-, ilvA296, thrA 101, metL100, lysC rpsL9, malT1 xvl-7, mtl-2, thi-l?, supE44?. It is inhibited by 20 pg/mL ofL-lysine in a synthetic medium.

To select for clones from the corn cDNA library that carried the LKR gene, 100 JL of the phagemid library was mixed with 100 .L of an overnight culture of DE126 grown in L broth and the cells were plated on synthetic media containing vitamin B1, L-arginine, glucose as a carbon and energy source, 100 .tg/mL ampicillin and L-lysine at 20, 30 or 40 pg/mL. Four plates at each of the three different lysine concentrations were prepared. The amount of phagemid and DE126 cells was expected to yield about 1 x 105 ampicillin-resistant transfectants per plate. Ten to thirty lysine-resistant colonies grew per plate (about 1 lysineresistant per 5000 ampicillin-resistant colonies).

Plasmid DNA was isolated from 10 independent clones and retransformed into DE126. Seven of the ten DNAs yielded lysine-resistant clones demonstrating that the lysine-resistance trait was carried on the plasmid. Several of the cloned DNAs were sequenced and biochemically characterized. The inserted DNA fragments were found to be derived from the E. coli genome, rather than a corn cDNA indicating that the cDNA library provided by Clontech was contaminated.

Another method was used to identify plant cDNAs that encode LKR. This method was based upon expected homology between plant LKR and fungal genes encoding saccharopine dehydrogenase. Fungal saccharopine dehydrogenase (glutamate-forming) and saccharopine dehydrogenase (lysine-forming) catalyze the final two steps in the fungal lysine biosynthetic pathway. Plant LKR and WO 98/42831 PCTIUS98/06051 fungal saccharopine dehydrogenase (lysine-forming) catalyze both forward and reverse reactions, use identical substrates and use similar co-factors. Similarly, plant saccharopine dehydrogenase (glutamate-forming), which catalyzes the second step in the lysine catabolic pathway, works in both forward and reverse reactions, uses identical substrates and uses similar co-factors as fungal saccharopine dehydrogenase (glutamate-forming).

Biochemical and genetic evidence derived from human and bovine studies has demonstrated that mammalian LKR and saccharopine dehydrogenase (glutamate-forming) enzyme activities are present on a single protein with a monomer molecular weight of about 117,000. This contrasts with the fungal enzymes which are carried on separate proteins, saccharopine dehydrogenase (lysine-forming) with a molecular weight of about 44,000 and saccharopine dehydrogenase (glutamate-forming) with a molecular weight of about 51,000.

Plant LKR has been reported to have a molecular weight of about 140,000 indicating that it is like the animal catabolic protein wherein both LKR and saccharopine dehydrogenase (glutamate-forming) enzyme activities are present on a single protein.

Several genes for fungal saccharopine dehydrogenases have been isolated and sequenced [Xuan et al. (1990) Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:4795-4806, Feller et al.

(1994) Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:6411-6418]. The fungal protein sequences, deduced from these gene sequences, were used to search plant cDNA databases for DNA fragments that encoded plant proteins homologous to the fungal saccharopine dehydrogenases. We discovered two plant cDNA fragments from Arabidopsis thaliana, SEQ ID NO: 102: and SEQ ID NO:103:, that encoded polypeptides SEQ ID NO:104: and SEQ ID NO:105:, respectively, that are homologous to fungal saccharopine dehydrogenase (glutamate-forming). The sequence similarity between the fungal and plant polypeptides (see Figure 9) demonstrate that these cDNAs encode Arabidopsis saccharopine dehydrogenase. Oligonucleotides SEQ ID NO:108: and SEQ ID NO:109 were synthesized and used for PCR amplification of a 2.24 kb DNA fragment from genomic Arabidopsis. DNA.

DNA sequencing of the fragment confirmed that it encoded LKR/SDH. The fragment was labeled with digoxigenin (DIG) using Boehringer Mannheim's Dig- High Prime kit and protocol. This probe was used to screen a CD4-8 Landsberg erecta genomic library by plaque hybridization. Approximately 2.7 X 105 recombinant phage were plated on the host E. coli LE392, grown overnight at 370. The protocol was as described in the DIG Wash and Block Set (Boehringer Mannheim) with the hybridization temperature set at 550. Five positive clones were isolated; one was subcloned into plasmid vector pBluescript SK WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 (Stratagene), transformed into DH5a TM competent cells (GibcoBRL) and sequenced.

The complete genomic sequence of the Arabidopsis LKR/SDH gene is shown in SEQ ID NO:110. The sequence includes approximately 2 kb of noncoding sequence and 500 bp of 3' noncoding sequence and 23 introns.

Overlapping fragments of the corresponding cDNA were isolated from total Arabidopsis RNA by RT-PCR. Sequence analysis of the LKR-SDH cDNA revealed an ORF of 3.16 kb, which predicts a protein of 117 kd, and confirms that the LKR and SDH enzymes reside on one polypeptide. The complete protein coding sequence ofArabidopsis LKR/SDH gene, derived from the cDNA, is shown in SEQ ID NO: 111. The deduced amino acid sequence of Arabidopsis LKR/SDH protein is shown in SEQ ID NO: 112. The protein lacks an N-terminal targeting sequence implying that the lysine degradative pathway is located in the plant cell cytosol.

Degenerate oligonucleotides, SEQ ID NO: 113 and SEQ ID NO: 114, were designed based upon comparison of the Arabidopsis LKR/SDH amino acid sequence with that of other LKR proteins. These were used to amplify soybean and corn LKR/SDH cDNA fragments using PCR from mRNA, or cDNA synthesized from mRNA, isolated from developing soybean or corn seeds. The soybean and corn PCR-generated cDNA fragments were cloned and sequenced.

The sequence of the soybean LKR/SDH cDNA fragment is shown in SEQ ID NO: 115, and the sequence of the corn cDNA fragment is shown in SEQ ID NO: 116. The deduced partial amino acid sequence of soybean LKR/SDH protein is shown in SEQ ID NO: 117 and the deduced partial amino acid sequence of corn LKR/SDH protein is shown in SEQ ID NO:118. The partial cDNAs encoding corn and soybean LKR/SDH obtained by PCR, above, were used in protocols that extended the sequence information for these functions. These protocols, which included RACE and direct DNA:DNA hybridization to cDNA libraries for the identification of overlapping clones, are well known to persons skilled in the art.

From these efforts, more complete sequences for the corn and soybean cDNAs for LKR/SDH were obtained. SEQ ID NOS:119 and 120 list, respectively, near fulllength sequences for the LKR/SDH coding regions from soybean and corn. The deduced protein sequences encoded by these soybean and corn cDNAs are shown in SEQ ID NOS:121 and 122, respectively.

Partial cDNA clones for LKR/SDH from rice and wheat were identifid in libraries prepared from rice roots and leafs and from wheat seedlings. cDNA libraries were prepared in Uni-ZAPTM XR vectors according to the manufacturer's protocol (Stratagene Cloning Systems, La Jolla, CA).

WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 Conversion of the Uni-ZAP T M XR libraries into plasmid libraries was accomplished according to the protocol provided by Stratagene. Upon conversion, cDNA inserts were contained in the plasmid vector pBluescript.

cDNA inserts from randomly picked bacterial colonies containing recombinant pBluescript plasmids were amplified via polymerase chain reaction using primers specific for vector sequences flanking the inserted cDNA sequences or plasmid DNA was prepared from cultured bacterial cells. Amplified insert DNAs or plasmid DNAs were sequenced in dye-primer sequencing reactions to generate partial cDNA sequences (expressed sequence tags or "ESTs"; see Adams, M. D. et al., (1991) Science 252:1651). The resulting ESTs were analyzed using a Perkin Elmer Model 377 fluorescent sequencer. Possible protein products encoded by the ESTs were compared to the full-length sequence of Arabidopsis LKR/SDH (SEQ ID NO:112). A contig for a partial cDNA from rice was constructed and is presented in SEQ ID:125. The predicted prtein fragment from the cDNA contig is shown in SEQ ID NO: 126.

Another cDNA from rice was identified which corresponds to the 3' end of a LKR/SDH coding region and this sequence is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 127. The predicted protein fragment is shown in SEQ ID NO:128. A partial wheat clone was identified and possesses the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO:129. The predicted protein fragment encoded by this cDNA is set forth isn SEQ ID NO:130.

The SDH coding region encompasses 1.4 kb on 3' end of the Arabidopsis cDNA clone (SEQ ID NO: 131), and encodes a protein of about 52 kD (SEQ ID NO:132). A DNA fragment encoding SDH was generated using PCR primers, which added desired restriction enzyme sites, and ligated into prokaryotic expression vector pBT430 (see Example Addition of the restriction enzyme cleavage site resulted in a change from thr to ala encoded by the second codon.

High level expression of Arabidopsis SDH was achieved in E.coli BL21(DE3)LysS host which expressed T7 RNA polymerase. Extracts from IPTG-induced cells that were transformed with the vector carrying the 1.4 kb insert were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and a protein of the expected size was overproduced in these cells. Separation of the cell extracts into its supernatant (soluble) and pellet (insoluble) fractions showed that substantial amounts of protein were present in both. SDH activity was measured in the soluble fraction of the bacterial extracts. No SDH activity was observed in extracts from cells transformed with an unmodified vector. Extracts from cells containing the SDH cDNA insert converted substantial amounts of NAD+ to NADH. The reaction was specific for SDH because no significant activity was observed in the absence WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 of the SDH substrate saccharopine. The SDH protein has been purified from these bacterial extracts and used to raise rabbit antibodies to the protein.

In order to block expression of the LKR gene in transformed plants, a chimeric gene designed for cosuppression of LKR is constructed by linking the LKR gene or gene fragment to any of the plant promoter sequences described above. (See U.S. Patent No. 5,231,020 for methodology to block plant gene expression via cosuppression.) The corn LKR gene, SEQ ID NO:120, was modified by introducing an Nco I site at position 7 and a Kpn I site at position 1265 using PCR. This Nco I and Kpn I DNA fragment containing the corn LKR gene fragment was inserted into a plasmid containing the glutelin 2 promoter and kD zein 3' region (see Example 25) to create a chimeric gene for suppression of LKR expression in corn endosperm. The soybean LKR gene, SEQ ID NO: 119, was modified by introducing an Nco I site at position 2 and a Kpn I site at position 690 using PCR. This Nco I and Kpn I DNA fragment containing the soybean LKR gene fragment was inserted into a plasmid containing the KTI3 promoter and the KTI3 3' region (see Example 6) to create a chimeric gene for suppression of LKR expression in soybean seeds. Alternatively, a chimeric gene designed to express antisense RNA for all or part of the LKR is constructed by linking the LKR gene or gene fragment in reverse orientation to any of the plant promoter sequences described above. (See U.S. patent 5,107,065 for methodology to block plant gene expression via antisense RNA.) Either the cosuppression or antisense chimeric gene is introduced into plants via transformation as described in other Examples, e.g. Example 18 or Example 19. Transformants wherein expression of the endogenous LKR gene is reduced or eliminated are selected.

EXAMPLE 21 Construction of Synthetic Genes in Expression Vector To facilitate the construction and expression of the synthetic genes described below, it was necessary to construct a plasmid vector with the following attributes: 1. No Ear I restriction endonuclease sites such that insertion of sequences would produce a unique site.

2. Containing a tetracycline resistance gene to avoid loss of plasmid during growth and expression of toxic proteins.

WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 3. Containing approximately 290 bp from plasmid pBT430 including the T7 promoter and terminator segment for expression of inserted sequences in E. coli.

4. Containing unique EcoR I and Nco I restriction endonuclease recognition sites in proper location behind the T7 promoter to allow insertion of the oligonucleotide sequences.

To obtain attributes 1 and 2 Applicants used plasmid pSKI which was a spontaneous mutant of pBR322 where the ampicillin gene and the Ear I site near that gene had been deleted. Plasmid pSK1 retained the tetracycline resistance gene, the unique EcoR I restriction sites at base 1 and a single Ear I site at base 2353. To remove the Ear I site at base 2353 of pSK1 a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using pSK1 as the template. Approximately 10 femtomoles of pSKI were mixed with 1 jtg each of oligonucleotides SM70 and SM71 which had been synthesized on an ABI1306B DNA synthesizer using the manufacturer's procedures.

5'-CTGACTCGCTGCGCTCGGTC 3' SEQ ID NO:16 SM71 5'-TATTTTCTCCTTACGCATCTGTGC-3' SEQ ID NO:17 The priming sites of these oligonucleotides on the pSK1 template are depicted in Figure 10. The PCR was performed using a Perkin-Elmer Cetus kit (Emeryville, CA) according to the instructions of the vendor on a thermocycler manufactured by the same company. The 25 cycles were 1 min at 950, 2 min at 420 and 12 min at 720. The oligonucleotides were designed to prime replication of the entire pSK1 plasmid excluding a 30 b fragment around the Ear I site (see Figure 10). Ten microliters of the 100 p.L reaction product were run on a 1% agarose gel and stained with ethidium bromide to reveal a band of about 3.0 kb corresponding to the predicted size of the replicated plasmid.

The remainder of the PCR reaction mix (90 was mixed with 20 tL of mM deoxynucleotide triphosphates (dATP, dTTP, dGTP, and dCTP), 30 units of Klenow enzyme added and the mixture incubated at 370 for 30 min followed by 650 for 10 min. The Klenow enzyme was used to fill in ragged ends generated by the PCR. The DNA was ethanol precipitated, washed with 70% ethanol, dried under vacuum and resuspended in water. The DNA was then treated with T4 DNA kinase in the presence of 1 mM ATP in kinase buffer. This mixture was incubated for 30 min at 370 followed by 10 min at 650. To 10 pL of the kinasetreated preparation, 2 p.L of 5X ligation buffer and 10 units of T4 DNA ligase were added. The ligation was carried out at 150 for 16 h. Following ligation, the DNA was divided in half and one half digested with Ear I enzyme. The Klenow, WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 kinase, ligation and restriction endonuclease reactions were performed as described in Sambrook et al., [Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual, 2nd ed.

(1989) Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press]. Klenow, kinase, ligase and most restriction endonucleases were purchased from BRL. Some restriction endonucleases were purchased from NEN Biolabs (Beverly, MA) or Boehringer Mannheim (Indianapolis, IN). Both the ligated DNA samples were transformed separately into competent JM103 [supE thi A(lac-proAB) F' [traD36 proAB, lacI q lacZ AM15] restriction minus] cells using the CaC12 method as described in Sambrook et al., [Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual, 2nd ed. (1989) Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press] and plated onto media containing 12.5 pg/mL tetracycline. With or without Ear I digestion the same number oftransformants were recovered suggesting that the Ear I site had been removed from these constructs. Clones were screened by preparing DNA by the alkaline lysis miniprep procedure as described in Sambrook et al., [Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual, 2nd ed. (1989) Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press] followed by restriction endonuclease digest analysis. A single clone was chosen which was tetracycline-resistant and did not contain any Ear I sites. This vector was designated pSK2. The remaining EcoR I site of pSK2 was destroyed by digesting the plasmid with EcoR I to completion, filling in the ends with Klenow and ligating. A clone which did not contain an EcoR I site was designated pSK3.

To obtain attributes 3 and 4 above, the bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase promoter/terminator segment from plasmid pBT430 (see Example 2) was amplified by PCR. Oligonucleotide primers SM78 (SEQ ID NO:18) and SM79 (SEQ ID NO: 19) were designed to prime a 300b fragment from pBT430 spanning the T7 promoter/terminator sequences (see Figure SM78 5'-TTCATCGATAGGCGACCACACCCGTCC-3' SEQ ID NO: 18 SM79 5'-AATATCGATGCCACGATGCGTCCGGCG-3' SEQ ID NO:19 The PCR reaction was carried out as described previously using pBT430 as the template and a 300 bp fragment was generated. The ends of the fragment were filled in using Klenow enzyme and phosphorylated as described above. DNA from plasmid pSK3 was digested to completion with PvuII enzyme and then treated with calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase (Boehringer Mannheim) to remove the 5' phosphate. The procedure was as described in Sambrook et al., [Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual, 2nd ed. (1989) Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press]. The cut and dephosphorylated pSK3 DNA was purified by WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 ethanol precipitation and a portion used in a ligation reaction with the PCR generated fragment containing the T7 promoter sequence. The ligation mix was transformed into JM103 [supE thi A(lac-proAB) F' [traD36 proAB, lacI q lacZ AM 15] restriction minus] and tetracycline-resistant colonies were screened.

Plasmid DNA was prepared via the alkaline lysis mini prep method and restriction endonuclease analysis was performed to detect insertion and orientation of the PCR product. Two clones were chosen for sequence analysis: Plasmid pSK5 had the fragment in the orientation shown in Figure 10. Sequence analysis performed on alkaline denatured double-stranded DNA using Sequenase® T7 DNA polymerase (US Biochemical Corp.) and manufacturer's suggested protocol revealed that pSK5 had no PCR replication errors within the T7 promoter/terminator sequence.

The strategy for the construction of repeated synthetic gene sequences based on the Ear I site is depicted in Figure 11. The first step was the insertion of an oligonucleotide sequence encoding a base gene of 14 amino acids. This oligonucleotide insert contained a unique Ear I restriction site for subsequent insertion of oligonucleotides encoding one or more heptad repeats and added an unique Asp 718 restriction site for use in transfer of gene sequences to plant vectors. The overhanging ends of the oligonucleotide set allowed insertion into the unique Nco I and EcoR I sites of vector M E E K M K A M E E K SM81 3'-CTCCTCTTCTACTTCCGCTACCTTCTCTTC NCO I EAR I M K A (SEQ ID NO:22) SM81 ATGAAGGCGTGATAGGTACCG-3' (SEQ ID

SM

80 TACTTCCGCACTATCCATGGCTTAA-5' (SEQ ID NO:21) ASP718 ECOR I DNA from plasmid pSK5 was digested to completion with Nco I and EcoR I restriction endonucleases and purified by agarose gel electrophoresis.

Purified DNA (0.1 pg) was mixed with 1 pg of each oligonucleotide SM80 (SEQ ID NO:14) and SM81 (SEQ ID NO:13) and ligated. The ligation mixture was transformed into E. coli strain JM103 [supE thi A(lac-proAB) F' [traD36 proAB, lacI lacZ AM 15] restriction minus] and tetracycline resistant transformants screened by rapid plasmid DNA preps followed by restriction digest analysis. A WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 clone was chosen which had one each of Ear I, Nco I, Asp 718 and EcoR I sites indicating proper insertion of the oligonucleotides. This clone was designated pSK6 (Figure 12). Sequencing of the region of DNA following the T7 promoter confirmed insertion of oligonucleotides of the expected sequence.

Repetitive heptad coding sequences were added to the base gene construct of described above by generating oligonucleotide pairs which could be directly ligated into the unique Ear I site of the base gene. Oligonucleotides SM84 (SEQ ID NO:23) and SM85 (SEQ ID NO:24) code for repeats of the SSP5 heptad.

Oligonucleotides SM82 (SEQ ID NO:25) and SM83 (SEQ ID NO:26) code for repeats of the SSP7 heptad.

M E E K M K A (SEQ ID NO:28) SM84 5'-GATGGAGGAGAAGATGAAGGC-3' (SEQ ID NO:23) CCTCCTCTTCTACTTCCGCTA-5' (SEQ ID NO:24) SSP7 M E E K L K A (SEQ ID NO:27) SM82 5'-GATGGAGGAGAAGCTGAAGGC-3' (SEQ ID SM83 CCTCCTCTTCGACTTCCGCTA-5' (SEQ ID NO:26) Oligonucleotide sets were ligated and purified to obtain DNA fragments encoding multiple heptad repeats for insertion into the expression vector.

Oligonucleotides from each set totaling about 2 p(g were phosphorylated, and ligated for 2 h at room temperature. The ligated multimers of the oligonucleotide sets were separated on an 18% non-denaturing 20 X 20 X 0.015 cm polyacrylamide gel (Acrylamide: bis-acrylamide 19:1). Multimeric forms which separated on the gel as 168 bp (8n) or larger were purified by cutting a small piece of polyacrylamide containing the band into fine pieces, adding 1.0 mL of 0.5 M ammonium acetate, 1 mM EDTA (pH 7.5) and rotating the tube at 370 overnight. The polyacrylamide was spun down by centrifugation, 1 pg oftRNA was added to the supernatant, the DNA fragments were precipitated with 2 volumes of ethanol at -700, washed with 70% ethanol, dried, and resuspended in 10 pL of water.

Ten micrograms of pSK6 DNA were digested to completion with Ear I enzyme and treated with calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase. The cut and dephosphorylated vector DNA was isolated following electrophoresis in a low melting point agarose gel by cutting out the banded DNA, liquefying the agarose at 550, and purifying over NACS PREPAC columns (BRL) following manufacturer's suggested procedures. Approximately 0.1 pg of purified Ear I WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 digested and phosphatase treated pSK6 DNA was mixed with 5 pL of the gel purified multimeric oligonucleotide sets and ligated. The ligated mixture was transformed into E. coli strain JM103 [supE thi A(lac-proAB) F' [traD36 proAB, lacP lacZ AM15] restriction minus] and tetracycline-resistant colonies selected.

Clones were screened by restriction digests of rapid plasmid prep DNA to determine the length of the inserted DNA. Restriction endonuclease analyses were usually carried out by digesting the plasmid DNAs with Asp 718 and Bgl II, followed by separation of fragments on 18% non-denaturing polyacrylamide gels.

Visualization of fragments with ethidium bromide, showed that a 150 bp fragment was generated when only the base gene segment was present. Inserts of the oligonucleotide fragments increased this size by multiples of 21 bases. From this screening several clones were chosen for DNA sequence analysis and expression of coded sequences in E. coli.

Table 14 Sequence by Heptad Clone SEQ ID NO: Amino Acid Repeat (SSP) SEO ID NO: 29 5.7.7.7.7.7.5 31 5.7.7.7.7.7.5 32 33 5.7.7.7.7.5 34 D16 35 5.5.5.5 36 37 5.5.5.5.5 38 D33 39 5.5.5.5 The first and last SSP5 heptads flanking the sequence of each construct are from the base gene described above. Inserts are designated by underlining.

Because the gel purification of the oligomeric forms of the oligonucleotides did not give the expected enrichment of longer >8n) inserts, Applicants used a different procedure for a subsequent round of insertion constructions. For this series of constructs four more sets of oligonucleotides were generated which code for SSP 8,9,10 and 11 amino acid sequences respectively: SSP8 M E E K L K K (SEQ ID NO:49) SM86 5'-GATGGAGGAGAAGCTGAAGAA-3' (SEQ ID NO:41) SM87 CCTCCTCTTCGACTTCTTCTA-5' (SEQ ID NO:42) WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 SSP9 M E E K L K W (SEQ ID SM88 5'-GATGGAGGAGAAGCTGAAGTG-3' (SEQ ID NO:43) SM89 CCTCCTCTTCGACTTCACCTA-5' (SEQ ID NO:44) M E E K M K K (SEQ ID NO:51) 5'-GATGGAGGAGAAGATGAAGAA-3' (SEQ ID SM91 CCTCCTCTTCTACTTCTTCTA-5' (SEQ ID NO:46) SSP11 M E E K M K W (SEQ ID NO:52) SM92 5'-GATGGAGGAGAAGATGAAGTG-3' (SEQ ID NO:47) SM93 CCTCCTCTTCTACTTCACCTA-5' (SEQ ID NO:48) The following HPLC procedure was used to purify multimeric forms of the oligonucleotide sets after phosphorylating and ligating the oligonucleotides as described above. Chromatography was performed on a Hewlett Packard Liquid Chromatograph instrument, Model 1090M. Effluent absorbance was monitored at 260 nm. Ligated oligonucleotides were centrifuged at 12,000xg for 5 min and injected onto a 2.5 micron TSK DEAE-NPR ion exchange column (35 cm x 4.6 mm fitted with a 0.5 micron in-line filter (Supelco). The oligonucleotides were separated on the basis of length using a gradient elution and a two buffer mobile phase [Buffer A: 25 mM Tris-Cl, pH 9.0, and Buffer B: Buffer A 1 M NaCl]. Both Buffers A and B were passed through 0.2 micron filters before use.

The following gradient program was used with a flow rate of 1 mL per min at 300: Time %A %B initial 75 min 55 min 50 min 38 62 23 min 0 100 min 0 100 31 min 75 Fractions (500 IpL) were collected between 3 min and 9 min. Fractions corresponding to lengths between 120 bp and 2000 bp were pooled as determined from control separations of restriction digests of plasmid DNAs.

The 4.5 mL of pooled fractions for each oligonucleotide set were precipitated by adding 10 jtg of tRNA and 9.0 mL of ethanol, rinsed twice with ethanol and resuspended in 50 .L of water. Ten uL of the resuspended WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 HPLC purified oligonucleotides were added to 0.1 tg of the Ear I cut, dephosphorylated pSK6 DNA described above and ligated overnight at 150. All six oligonucleotide sets described above which had been phosphorylated and selfligated but not purified by gel or HPLC were also used in separate ligation reactions with the pSK6 vector. The ligation mixtures were transformed into E. coli strain DH5a [supE44 AlacU169 (080 lacZ AM15) hsdR17 recAl endAl gyr196 thil relAl] and tetracycline-resistant colonies selected. Applicants chose to use the DH5a [supE44 AlacU169 (080 lacZ AM15) hsdR17 recAl endAl gyrl96 thil relAl] strain for all subsequent work because this strain has a very high transformation rate and is recA-. The recA- phenotype eliminates concerns that these repetitive DNA structures may be substrates for homologous recombination leading to deletion of multimeric sequences.

Clones were screened as described above. Several clones were chosen to represent insertions of each of the six oligonucleotide sets.

Table Sequence by Heptad Clone SEQ ID NO: Amino Acid Repeat (SSP) SEO ID NO: 82-4 53 7.7.7.7.7.7.5 54 84-H3 55 5.5.5.5 56 86-H23 57 5.8.8.5 58 88-2 59 5.9.9.9.5 90-H8 61 5.10.10.10.5 62 92-2 63 5.11.11.5 64 The first and last SSP5 heptads flanking the sequence represent the base gene sequence. Insert sequences are underlined. Clone numbers including the letter designate HPLC-purified oligonucleotides. The loss of the first base gene repeat in clone 82-4 may have resulted from homologous recombination between the base gene repeats 5.5 before the vector pSK6 was transferred to the recAstrain. The HPLC procedure did not enhance insertion of longer multimeric forms of the oligonucleotide sets into the base gene but did serve as an efficient purification of the ligated oligonucleotides.

Oligonucleotides were designed which coded for mixtures of the SSP sequences and which varied codon usage as much as possible. This was done to reduce the possibility of deletion of repetitive inserts by recombination once the synthetic genes were transformed into plants and to extend the length of the constructed gene segments. These oligonucleotides encode four repeats of heptad coding units (28 amino acid residues) and can be inserted at the unique Ear I site WO 98/42831 PCTIUS98/06051 in any of the previously constructed clones. SM96 and SM97 code for SSP(5) 4 SM98 and SM99 code for SSP(7) 4 and SM100 plus SM101 code for SSP8.9.8.9.

ME E KM K A ME E KM K SM96 SM97 3' CCTCCTTTTCTACTTCCGCTACCTCCTCTTTTACTTT A M E E K M K A M E E K M K A (SEQ ID NO:67) GCTATGGAGGAAAAGATGAAAGCGATGGAGGAGAAAATGAAGGC-3' (SEQ ID (SEQ ID NO:66) MEEK L K AM E E K L K SM98 SM99 3' CCTCCTTTTCGACTTTCGCTACCTCCTCTTTGAGTTC A M E E K L K A M E E K L K A (SEQ ID GCTATGGAAGAAAAGCTTAAAGCGATGGAGGAGAAACTGAAGGC-3' (SEQ ID NO:68) (SEQ ID NO:69) MEEK L K K MEEK L K SM100 SM101 3' CCTCCTTTTCGAATTCTTCTACCTTCTTTTCGACTTT W M E E K L K K M E E K L K W (SEQ ID NO:73) TGGATGGAGGAGAAACTCAAAAAGATGGAGGAAAAGCTTAAATG-3' (SEQ ID NO:71) (SEQ ID NO:72) DNA from clones 82-4 and 84-H3 were digested to completion with Ear I enzyme, treated with phosphatase and gel purified. About 0.2 jLg of this DNA were mixed with 1.0 pLg of each of the oligonucleotide sets SM96 and SM97, SM98 and SM99 or SM100 and SMIOl which had been previously phosphorylated. The DNA and oligonucleotides were ligated overnight and then the ligation mixes transformed into E. coli strain DHc. Tetracycline-resistant colonies were screened as described above for the presence of the oligonucleotide inserts. Clones were chosen for sequence analysis based on their restriction endonuclease digestion patterns.

106 WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 Table 16 Sequence by Heptad Clone SEO ID NO: Amino Acid Repeat (SSP) SEQ ID NO: 2-9 74 7.7.7.7.7.7.8.9.8.9.5 78 7.7.7.7.7.7.5.5 79 5-1 76 5.5.5.7.7.7.7.5 77 Inserted oligonucleotide segments are underlined Clone 2-9 was derived from oligonucleotides SM100 (SEQ ID NO:71) and SM101 (SEQ ID NO:72) ligated into the Ear I site of clone 82-4 (see above).

Clone 3-5 (SEQ ID NO:78) was derived from the insertion of the first 22 bases of the oligonucleotide set SM96 (SEQ ID NO:65) and SM97 (SEQ ID NO:66) into the Ear I site of clone 82-4 (SEQ ID NO:53). This partial insertion may reflect improper annealing of these highly repetitive oligos. Clone 5-1 (SEQ ID NO:76) was derived from oligonucleotides SM98 (SEQ ID NO:68) and SM99 (SEQ ID NO:69) ligated into the Ear I site of clone 84-H3 (SEQ ID Strategy II.

A second strategy for construction of synthetic gene sequences was implemented to allow more flexibility in both DNA and amino acid sequence.

This strategy is depicted in Figure 13 and Figure 14. The first step was the insertion of an oligonucleotide sequence encoding a base gene of 16 amino acids into the original vector pSK5. This oligonucleotide insert contained an unique Ear I site as in the previous base gene construct for use in subsequent insertion of oligonucleotides encoding one or more heptad repeats. The base gene also included a BspH I site at the 3' terminus. The overhanging ends of this cleavage site are designed to allow "in frame" protein fusions using Nco I overhanging ends. Therefore, gene segments can be multiplied using the duplication scheme described in Figure 14. The overhanging ends of the oligonucleotide set allowed insertion into the unique Nco I and EcoR I sites of vector M E E K M K K L E E K SM107 SM106 3'-CTCCTCTTCTACTTTTTCGAGCTTCTCTTC NCO I EAR I WO 98/42831 WO 9842831PCTIUTS98/06051 M K V M K ATGAAGGTCATGAAGTGATAGGTACCG- 3' TACTTCCAGTACTTCACTATCCATGGCTTAA- 5' BSPH I ASP 718 (SEQ ID NO:82) (SEQ ID (SEQ ID NO:81) The oligonucleotide set was inserted into pSK5 vector as described in Strategy I above. The resultant plasmid was designated pSK34.

Oligonucleotide sets encoding 35 amino acid "segments" were ligated into the unique Ear I site of the pSK34 base gene using procedures as described above.

In this case, the oligonucleotides were not gel or HPLC purified but simply annealed and used in the ligation reactions. The following oligonucleotide sets were used: SEG 3 SMilO SMill L E EK M K A M ED K M K W 5 '-GCTGGAAGAAAAGATGAAGGCTATGGAGGACAAGATGATGG 3 '-CCTTCTTTTCTACTTCCGATACCTCCTGTTCTACTTTACC L EE K M K K CTTGAGGAAAAGATGAAGAA-3' (SEQ ID (amino acids 8-28) (SEQ ID NO:83) (SEQ ID NO:84) SEG 4 SM1 12 SM113 L E EK M K A M ED K M K W 5 '-GCTCGAAGAAAGATGAAGGCAATGGAAGACAAAATGAAGTGG 3 '-GCTTCTTTCTACTTCCGTTACCTTCTGTTTTACTTCACC L EE K M K K CTTGAGGAGAAAATGAAGAA- 3' (SEQ ID NO:86) (amino acids 8-28) (SEQ ID NO:87) (SEQ ID NO:88) SEG 5 SM114 SM1 15 L K E E M A K M K D E M W K 5 '-GCTCAAGGAGGAAATGGCTAAGATGAGACGAATGTGGAJA 3 '-GTTCCTCCTTTACCGATTCTACTTTCTGCTTTACACCTTT L K E E M K K

CTGAAAGAGGAAATGAAGAA

GACTTTCTCCTTTACTTCTTCGA

(SEQ ID NO:89) (amino acids 8-28) (SEQ ID (SEQ ID NO:91) WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 Clones were screened for the presence of the inserted segments by restriction digestion followed by separation of fragments on 6% acrylamide gels. Correct insertion of oligonucleotides was confirmed by DNA sequence analyses. Clones containing segments 3, 4 and 5 respectively were designated pSKseg3, pSKseg4, and These "segment" clones were used in a duplication scheme as shown in Figure 14. Ten gg ofplasmid pSKseg3 were digested to completion with Nhe I and BspH I and the 1503 bp fragment isolated from an agarose gel using the Whatman paper technique. Ten pg ofplasmid pSKseg4 were digested to completion with Nhe I and Nco I and the 2109 bp band gel isolated. Equal amounts of these fragments were ligated and recombinants selected on tetracycline. Clones were screened by restriction digestions and their sequences confirmed. The resultant plasmid was designated pSKseg34.

pSKseg34 and pSKseg5 plasmid DNAs were digested, fragments isolated and ligated in a similar manner as above to create a plasmid containing DNA sequences encoding segment 5 fused to segments 3 and 4. This construct was designated pSKseg534 and encodes the following amino acid sequence: SSP534 NH2-MEEKMKKLKEEMAKMKDEMWKLKEEMKKLEEKMKVMEEKMKKLEEKMKA

MEDKMKWLEEKMKKLEEKMKVMEEKMKKLEEKMKAMEDKMKWLEEKMKK

LEEKMKVMK-COOH (SEQ ID NO:92) EXAMPLE 22 Construction of SSP Chimeric Genes for Expression in the Seeds of Plants To express the synthetic gene products described in Example 21 in plant seeds, the sequences were transferred to the seed promoter vectors pCW108, pCW109 or pML 113 (Figure 15). The vectors pCW108 and pMLl 13 contain the bean phaseolin promoter (from base +1 to base -494),and 1191 bases of the 3' sequences from bean phaseolin gene. Plasmid pCW109 contains the soybean P-conglycinin promoter (from base +1 to base -619) and the same 1191 bases of 3' sequences from the bean phaseolin gene. These vectors were designed to allow direct cloning of coding sequences into unique Nco I and Asp 718 sites. These vectors also provide sites (Hind III or Sal I) at the 5' and 3' ends to allow transfer of the promoter/coding region/3' sequences directly to appropriate binary vectors.

To insert the synthetic storage protein gene sequences, 10 jig of vector DNA were digested to completion with Asp 718 and Nco I restriction endonucleases.

The linearized vector was purified via electrophoresis on a 1.0% agarose gel overnight electrophoresis at 15 volts. The fragment was collected by cutting the agarose in front of the band, inserting a 10 X 5 mm piece of Whatman 3MM paper into the agarose and electrophoresing the fragment into the paper [Errington, WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 (1990) Nucleic Acids Research, 18:17]. The fragment and buffer were spun out of the paper by centrifugation and the DNA in the -100 tL was precipitated by adding 10 mg of tRNA, 10 L of 3 M sodium acetate and 200 pL of ethanol. The precipitated DNA was washed twice with 70% ethanol and dried under vacuum.

The fragment DNA was resuspended in 20 pL of water and a portion diluted for use in ligation reactions.

Plasmid DNA (10 mg) from clone 3-5 (carrying the SSP3-5 coding sequence) and pSK534 (carrying the SSP534 coding sequence) was digested to completion with Asp 718 and Nco I restriction endonucleases. The digestion products were separated on an 18% polyacrylamide non-denaturing gel. Gel slices containing the desired fragments were cut from the gel and purified by inserting the gel slices into a 1% agarose gel and electrophoresing for 20 min at 100 volts. DNA fragments were collected on 10 X 5 mm pieces of Whatman 3MM paper, the buffer and fragments spun out by centrifugation and the DNA precipitated with ethanol. The fragments were resuspended in 6 .LL water. One microliter of the diluted vector fragment described above, 2 pL of 5X ligation buffer and 1 p.L of T4 DNA ligase were added. The mixture was ligated overnight at 150.

The ligation mixes were transformed into E. coli strain DH5a [supE44 AlacU169 (080 lacZ AM15) hsdR17 recAl endAl gyrl96 thil relAl] and ampicillin-resistant colonies selected. The clones were screened by restriction endonuclease digestion analyses of rapid plasmid DNAs and by DNA sequencing.

EXAMPLE 23 Tobacco Plants Containing the Chimeric Genes Phaseolin Promoter/cts/lvsC-M4 and 3-conglvcinin The binary vector pZS97 was used to transfer the chimeric SSP3-5 gene of Example 22 and the chimeric E. coli daDA and lvsC-M4 genes of Example 4 to tobacco plants. Binary vector pZS97 (Figure 6) is part of a binary Ti plasmid vector system [Bevan, (1984) Nucl. Acids. Res. 12:8711-8720] of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The vector contains: the chimeric gene nopaline synthase::neomycin phosphotransferase (nos::NPTII) as a selectable marker for transformed plant cells [Bevan et al., (1983) Nature 304:184-186], the left and right borders of the T-DNA of the Ti plasmid [Bevan, (1984) Nucl. Acids. Res.

12:8711-8720], the E. coli lacZ a-complementing segment [Viera et al., (1982) Gene 19:259-267] with a unique Sal I site(pSK97K) or unique Hind III site (pZS97) in the polylinker region, the bacterial replication origin from the Pseudomonas plasmid pVS1 [Itoh et al., (1984) Plasmid 11:206-220], and the bacterial p-lactamase gene as a selectable marker for transformed A. tumefaciens.

110 WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 Plasmid pZS97 DNA was digested to completion with Hind III enzyme and the digested plasmid was gel purified. The Hind III digested pZS97 DNA was mixed with the Hind III digested and gel isolated chimeric SSP3-5 gene of Example 22, ligated, transformed and colonies selected on ampicillin.

The binary vector containing the chimeric gene was transferred by triparental mating [Ruvkin et al., (1981) Nature 289:85-88] to Agrobacterium strain LBA4404/pAL4404 [Hockema et al., (1983), Nature 303:179-180] selecting for carbenicillin resistance. Cultures of Agrobacterium containing the binary vector was used to transform tobacco leaf disks [Horsch et al., (1985) Science 227:1229-1231]. Transgenic plants were regenerated in selective medium containing kanamycin.

Transformed tobacco plants containing the chimeric gene, P-conglycinin 3' region, were thus obtained. Two transformed lines, pSK44-3A and pSK44-9A, which carried a single site insertion of the gene were identified based upon 3:1 segregation of the marker gene for kanamycin resistance. Progeny of the primary transformants, which were homozygous for the transgene, pSK44-3A-6 and pSK44-9A-5, were then identified based upon 4:0 segregation of the kanamycin resistance in seeds of these plants.

Similarly, transformed tobacco plants with the chimeric genes phaseolin region/cts/lysC-M4/phaseolin 3' region and phaseolin region/cts/ecodapA/phaseolin 3' region were obtained as described in Example 12.

A transformed line, BT570-45A, which carried a single site insertion of the DHDPS and AK genes was identified based upon 3:1 segregation of the marker gene for kanamycin resistance. Progeny from the primary transformant which were homozygous for the transgene, BT570-45A-3 and BT570-45A-4, were then identified based upon 4:0 segregation of the kanamycin resistance in seeds of these plants.

To generate plants carrying all three chimeric genes genetic crosses were performed using the homozygous parents. Plants were grown to maturity in greenhouse conditions. Flowers to be used as male and female were selected one day before opening and older flowers on the inflorescence removed. For crossing, female flowers were chosen at the point just before opening when the anthers were not dehiscent. The corolla was opened on one side and the anthers removed.

Male flowers were chosen as flowers which had opened on the same day and had dehiscent anthers shedding mature pollen. The anthers were removed and used to pollinate the pistils of the anther-stripped female flowers. The pistils were then covered with plastic tubing to prevent further pollination. The seed pods were WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 allowed to develop and dry for 4-6 weeks and harvested. Two to three separate pods were recovered from each cross. The following crosses were performed: Male BT570-45A-3 BT570-45A-4 pSK44-3A-6 BT570-45A-5 pSk44-9A-5 X Female pSK44-3A-6 pSK44-3A-6 BT570-45A-4 pSK44-9A-5 BT570-45A-5 Dried seed pods were broken open and seeds collected and pooled from each cross. Thirty seeds were counted out for each cross and for controls seeds from selfed flowers of each parent were used. Duplicate seed samples were hydrolyzed and assayed for total amino acid content as described in Example 8. The amount of increase in lysine as a percent of total seeds amino acids over wild type seeds, which contain 2.56% lysine, is presented in Table 16 along the copy number of each gene in the endosperm of the seed.

male BT570-45A pSK44-9A pSK44-9A-5 pSK44-9A-5 BT570-45A-5 pSK44-3A pSK44-3A-6 pSK44-3A-6 BT570-45A-3 BT570-45A-4 TABLE 17 copy number AK DHDPS female genes BT570-45A 1* pSK44-9A 0 pSK44-9A-5 0 BT570-45A-5 1 pSK44-9A-5 1 pSK44-3A 0 pSK44-3A-6 0 BT570-45A-4 1 pSK44-3A-6 1 pSK44-3A-6 1 copy number SSP gene 0 1* 2 1 1"

I*

2 1 1 1 lysine increase 0 0.12 0.29 0.6 0.29 0.28 0.62 0.27 0.29 copy number is average in population of seeds The results of these crosses demonstrate that the total lysine levels in seeds can be increased by the coordinate expression of the lysine biosynthesis genes and the high lysine protein SSP3-5. In seeds derived from hybrid tobacco plants, this synergism is strongest when the biosynthesis genes are derived from the female parent. It is expected that the lysine level would be further increased if the biosynthesis genes and the lysine-rich protein genes were all homozygous.

112 WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 EXAMPLE 24 Soybean Plants Containing the Chimeric Genes Phaseolin Promoter/cts/cordanA.

Phaseolin Promoter/cts/lvsC-M4 and Phaseolin Transformed soybean plants that express the chimeric gene, phaseolin promoter/cts/cordaA/ phaseolin 3' region and phaseolin promoter/cts/lysC-M4/ phaseolin 3' region have been described in Example 19. Transformed soybean plants that express the chimeric gene, phaseolin promoter/SSP3-5/phaseolin 3' region, were obtained by inserting the chimeric gene as an isolated Hind III fragment into an equivalent soybean transformation vector plasmid pML63 (Figure 16) and carrying out transformation as described in Example 19.

Seeds from primary transformants were sampled by cutting small chips from the sides of the seeds away from the embryonic axis. The chips were assayed for GUS activity as described in Example 19 to determine which of the segregating seeds carried the transgenes. Half seeds were ground to meal and assayed for expression of SSP3-5 protein by Enzyme Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA).

was performed as follows: A fusion protein of glutathione-S-transferase and the SSP3-5 gene product was generated through the use of the Pharmacia_ pGEX GST Gene Fusion System (Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Vol. 2, pp 16.7.1-8, (1989) John Wiley and Sons). The fusion protein was purified by affinity chromatography on glutathione agarose (Sigma) or glutathione Sepharose (Pharmacia) beads, concentrated using Centricon 10 (Amicon) filters, and then subjected to SDS polyacrylamide electrophoresis (15% acrylamide, 19:1 acrylamide:bisacrylamide) for further purification. The gel was stained with Coomassie Blue for 30 min, destained in 50% methanol, 10% acetic acid and the protein bands electroeluted using an Amicon Centriluter Microelectroeluter (Paul T. Matsudaira ed., A Practical Guide to Protein and Peptide Purificationfor Microsequencing, Academic Press, Inc. New York, 1989). A second gel prepared and run in the same manner was stained in a non acetic acid containing stain [9 parts 0.1% Coomassie Blue G250 (Bio-Rad) in 50% methanol and 1 part Serva Blue (Serva, Westbury, NY) in distilled water] for 1-2 h. The gel was briefly destained in 20%(v/v) methanol, glycerol for 0.5-1 h until the GST-SSP3-5 band was just barely visible. This band was excised from the gel and sent with the electroeluted material to Hazelton Laboratories for use as an antigen in immunizing a New Zealand Rabbit. A total of 1 mg of antigen was used (0.8 mg in gel, 0.2 mg in solution). Test bleeds were provided by Hazelton Laboratories every three weeks. The approximate titer was tested by western blotting of E. coli extracts from cells containing the SSP-3-5 gene under the control of the T7 promoter at different dilutions of protein and of serum.

113 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 IgG was isolated from the serum using a Protein A Sepharose column. The IgG was coated onto microtiter plates at 5 ,g per well. A separate portion of the IgG was biotinylated.

Aqueous extracts from transgenic plants were diluted and loaded into the wells usually starting with a sample containing 1 pg of total protein. The sample was diluted several more times to insure that at least one of the dilutions gave a result that was within the range of a standard curve generated on the same plate.

The standard curve was generated using chemically synthesized SSP3-5 protein.

The samples were incubated for 1 h at 370 and the plates washed. The biotinylated IgG was then added to the wells. The plate was incubated at 370 for 1 h and washed. Alkaline phosphatase conjugated to streptavidin was added to the wells, incubated at 370 for 1 h and washed. A substrate consisting of 1 mg/mL p nitrophenylphosphate in 1 M diethanolamine was added to the wells and the plates incubated at 370 for 1 h. A 5% EDTA stop solution was added to the wells and the absorbance read at 405 nm minus 650 nm reading. Transgenic soybean seeds contained 0.5 to 2.0% of water extractable protein as The remaining half seeds positive for GUS and SSP3-5 protein were planted and grown to maturity in greenhouse conditions. To determine homozygotes for the GUS phenotype, seed from these R1 plants were screened for segregation of GUS activity as above. Plants homozygous for the phaseolin/SSP3-5 gene are then crossed with homozygous transgenic soybeans expressing the Corynebacterium dapA gene product or expressing the Corynebacterium dapA gene product plus the E. coli lysC-M4 gene product.

As an preferred alternative to bringing the chimeric SSP gene and chimeric cordapA gene plus the E. coli lysC-M4 gene together via genetic crossing, a single soybean transformation vector carrying all the genes can be constructed from the gene fragments described above and transformed into soybean as described in Example 19.

EXAMPLE Construction of Chimeric Genes for Expression of Corynebacterium DHDPS.

lvsr-Corn DHDPS, E. coliAKIII-M4 and SSP3-5 proteins in the Embryo and Endosperm of Transformed Corn The following chimeric genes were made for transformation into corn: globulin 1 promoter/mcts/lysC-M4/NOS 3' region globulin 1 promoter/mcts/cordapANOS 3 region glutelin 2 promoter/mcts/lysC-M4/NOS 3' region glutelin 2 promoter/mcts/cordaA/NOS 3' region globulin 1 promoter/SSP3-5/globulin 1 3' region WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 glutelin 2 promoter/SSP3-5/10 kD 3' region globulin 1 promoter/corn lysr-mutant DHDPS gene/globulin 1 3' region glutelin 2 promoter/corn lysr-mutant DHDPS gene/10 kD 3' region The glutelin 2 promoter was cloned from corn genomic DNA using PCR with primers based on the published sequence [Reina et al. (1990) Nucleic Acids Res. 18:6426-6426]. The promoter fragment includes 1020 nucleotides upstream from the ATG translation start codon. An Nco I site was introduced via PCR at the ATG start site to allow for direct translational fusions. A BamH I site was introduced on the 5' end of the promoter. The 1.02 kb BamH I to Nco I promoter fragment was cloned into the BamH I to Nco I sites of the plant expression vector pML63 (see Example 24) replacing the 35S promoter to create vector This vector contains the glutelin 2 promoter linked to the GUS coding region and the NOS 3'.

The 10 kD zein 3' region was derived from a 10 kD zein gene clone generated by PCR from genomic DNA using oligonucleotide primers based on the published sequence [Kirihara et al. (1988) Gene 71:359-370]. The 3' region extends 940 nucleotides from the stop codon. Restriction endonuclease sites for Kpn I, Sma I and Xba I sites were added immediately following the TAG stop codon by oligonucleotide insertion to facilitate cloning. A Sma I to Hind III segment containing the 10 kD 3'region was isolated and ligated into Sma I and Hind III digested pML90 to replace the NOS 3' sequence with the 10 kD 3'region, thus creating plasmid pML103. pML103 contains the glutelin 2 promoter, an Nco I site at the ATG start codon of the GUS gene, Sma I and Xba I sites after the stop codon, and 940 nucleotides of the 10 kD zein 3' sequence.

The globulin 1 promoter and 3' sequences were isolated from a Clontech corn genomic DNA library using oligonucleotide probes based on the published sequence of the globulin 1 gene [Kriz et al. (1989) Plant Physiol. 91:636]. The cloned segment includes the promoter fragment extending 1078 nucleotides upstream from the ATG translation start codon, the entire globulin coding sequence including introns and the 3' sequence extending 803 bases from the translational stop. To allow replacement of the globulin 1 coding sequence with other coding sequences an Nco I site was introduced at the ATG start codon, and Kpn I and Xba I sites were introduced following the translational stop codon via PCR to create vector pCC50. There is a second Nco I site within the globulin 1 promoter fragment. The globulin 1 gene cassette is flanked by Hind III sites.

The plant amino acid biosynthetic enzymes are known to be localized in the chloroplasts and therefore are synthesized with a chloroplast targeting signal.

Bacterial proteins such as DHDPS and AKIII have no such signal. A chloroplast transit sequence (cts) was therefore fused to the cordaSA and lvsC-M4 coding WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 sequence in the chimeric genes described below. For corn the cts used was based on the cts of the small subunit of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase from corn [Lebrun et al. (1987) Nucleic Acids Res. 15:4360] and is designated mcts to distinguish it from the soybean cts. The oligonucleotides SEQ ID NOS:94-99 were synthesized and used as described in Example 6.

To construct the chimeric gene: globulin 1 promoter/mcts/lvsC-M4/NOS 3' region an Nco I to Hpa I fragment containing the mcts/lvsC-M4 coding sequence was isolated from plasmid pBT558 (see Example 6) and inserted into Nco I plus Sma I digested pCC50 creating plasmid pBT663.

To construct the chimeric gene: globulin 1 promoter/mcts/cordapA/NOS 3 region an Nco I to Kpn I fragment containing the mcts/ecodapA coding sequence was isolated from plasmid pBT576 (see Example 6) and inserted into Nco I plus Kpn I digested pCC50 creating plasmid pBT662. Then the ecodapA coding sequence was replaced with the cordapA coding sequence as follows. An Afl II to Kpn I fragment containing the distal two thirds of the mcts fused to the cordapA coding sequence was inserted into Afl II to Kpn I digested pBT662 creating plasmid pBT677.

To construct the chimeric gene: glutelin 2 promoter/mcts/lvsC-M4/NOS 3' region an Nco I to Hpa I fragment containing the mcts/lvsC-M4 coding sequence was isolated from plasmid pBT558 (see Example 6) and inserted into Nco I plus Sma I digested pML90 creating plasmid pBT580.

To construct the chimeric gene: glutelin 2 promoter/mcts/cordapA/NOS 3' region an Nco I to Kpn I fragment containing the mcts/cordapA coding sequence was isolated from plasmid pBT677 and inserted into Nco I to Kpn I digested creating plasmid pBT679.

The chimeric genes: globulin 1 promoter/mcts/lvsC-M4/NOS 3' region and globulin 1 promoter/mcts/cordaA/NOS 3 region were linked on one plasmid as follows. pBT677 was partially digested with Hind III and full-length linearized plasmid DNA was isolated. A Hind III fragment carrying the globulin 1 promoter/mcts/lvsC-M4/NOS 3' region was isolated from pBT663 and ligated to the linearized pBT677 plasmid creating pBT680 (Figure 17).

WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 The chimeric genes: glutelin 2 promoter/mcts/lvsC-M4/NOS 3' region and glutelin 2 promoter/mcts/cordapA/NOS 3' region were linked on one plasmid as follows. pBT580 was partially digested with Sal I and full-length linearized plasmid DNA was isolated. A Sal I fragment carrying the glutelin 2 promoter/mcts/cordapA/NOS 3' region was isolated from pBT679 and ligated to the linearized pBT580 plasmid creating pBT681 (Figure 18).

To construct the chimeric gene: glutelin 2 promoter/SSP3-5/10 kD 3' region the plasmid pML103 (above) containing the glutelin 2 promoter and 10 kD zein 3' region was cleaved at the Nco I and Sma I sites. The SSP3-5 coding region (Example 22) was isolated as an Nco I to blunt end fragment by cleaving with Xba I followed by filling in the sticky end using Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase, then cleaving with Nco I. The 193 base pair Nco I to blunt end fragment was ligated into the Nco I and Sma I cut pML103 to create pLH104 (Figure 19).

To construct the chimeric gene: globulin 1 promoter/SSP3-5/globulin 1 3'region the 193 base pair Nco I and Xba I fragment containing the SSP3-5 coding region (Example 22) was inserted into plasmid pCC50 (above) between the globulin 1 and 3' regions creating pLH105 (Figure The corn DHDPS cDNA gene was cloned and sequenced previously [Frisch et al. (1991) Mol Gen Genet 228:287-293]. A mutation that rendered the protein insensitive to feedback inhibition by lysine was introduced into the gene. This mutation is a single nucleotide change that results in a single amino acid substitution in the protein; ala166 is changed to val. The lysr corn DHDPS gene was obtained from Dr. Burle Gengenbach at the University of Minnesota. An Nco I site was introduced at the translation start codon of the gene and a Kpn I site was introduced immediately following the translation stop codon of the gene via PCR using the following primers: SEQ ID NO:106: 5'-ATTCCCCATG GTTTCGCCGA CGAAT SEQ ID NO:107: 5'-CTCTCGGTAC CTAGTACCTA CTGATCAAC WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 To construct the chimeric gene: globulin 1 promoter/lysr corn DHDPS gene/globulin 1 3'region the 1144 base pair Nco I and Kpn I fragment containing the lysr corn DHDPS gene was inserted into plasmid pCC50 (above) between the globulin 1 5' and 3' regions creating pBT739 (Figure 21).

To construct the chimeric gene: glutelin 2 promoter/lysr corn DHDPS gene/10 kD 3' region the 1144 base pair Nco I and Kpn I fragment containing the lysr corn DHDPS gene was inserted into a plasmid containing the glutelin 2 promoter and 10 kD zein 3' region creating plasmid pBT756 (Figure 22).

Corn transformations were done as described in Examples 17 and 18 with the following exceptions: 1) Embryogenic cell culture development was as described in Example 17 except the exact culture used for bombardment was designated LH132.5.X, or LH132.6.X.

2) The selectable marker used.for these experiments was either the gene from pDETRIC as described in Example 18 or 35S/Ac, a synthetic phosphinothricin-N-acetyltransferase (pat) gene under the control of the promoter and 3' terminator/ polyadenylation signal from Cauliflower Mosaic Virus [Eckes et al., (1989) J Cell Biochem Suppl 13 D] 3) The bombardment parameters were as described for Example 17 and 18 except that the bombardments were performed as "tribombardments" by coprecipitating 1.5 tg of each of the DNAs (35S/bar or 35S/Ac, pBT681 and pLH104 or 35S/Ac, pbt680 and pLH105) onto the gold particles.

4) Selection of transgenic cell lines was as described for glufosinate selection as in Example 18 except that the tissue was placed on the selection media within 24 h after bombardment.

EXAMPLE 26 Corn Plants Containing Chimeric Genes for Expression of Corvnebacterium DHDPS and E. coliAKIII-M4 or Ivsr-Cor DHDPS in the Embryo and Endosperm Corn was transformed as described in Example 25 with the chimeric genes: globulin 1 promoter/mcts/cordaA/NOS 3 region along with or without globulin 1 promoter/mcts/lysC-M4/NOS 3' region; or glutelin 2 promoter/mcts/cordapA/NOS 3' region along with or without glutelin 2 promoter/mcts/lvsC-M4/NOS 3' region.

Plants regenerated from transformed callus were analyzed for the presence of the intact transgenes via Southern blot or PCR. The plants were either selfed or WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 outcrossed to an elite line to generate Fl seeds. Six to eight seeds were pooled and assayed for expression of the Corynebacterium DHDPS protein and the E.

coli AKIII-M4 protein by western blot analysis. The free amino acid composition and total amino acid composition of the seeds were determined as described in previous examples.

Expression of the Corynebacterium DHDPS protein, driven by either the globulin 1 or glutelin 2 promoter, was observed in the corn seeds (Table 12).

Expression of the E. coli AKIII-M4 protein, driven by the glutelin promoter was also observed in the corn seeds. Free lysine levels in the seeds increased from about 1.4% of free amino acids in control seeds to 15-27% in seeds of three different transformants expressing Corynebacterium DHDPS from the globulin 1 promoter. The increased free lysine, and a high level of saccharopine, indicative of lysine catabolism, were both localized to the embryo in seeds expressing Corynebacterium DHDPS from the globulin 1 promoter. No increase in free lysine was observed in seeds expressing Corynebacterium DHDPS from the glutelin 2 promoter with or without E. coli AKIII-M4. Lysine catabolism is expected to be much greater in the endosperm than the embryo and this probably prevents the accumulation of increased levels of lysine in seeds expressing Corynebacterium DHDPS plus E. coli AKIII-M4 from the glutelin 2 promoter.

Lysine normally represents about 2.3% of the seed amino acid content. It is therefore apparent from Table 12 that a 130% increase in lysine as a percent of total seed amino acids was found in seeds expressing Corynebacterium DHDPS from the globulin 1 promoter.

TABLE 12 WSTERN TRN LYS OF LYS OF WESTERN WESTERN FREE SEED TOTAL SEED TRANSGENIC CORYNE. E. COLI FREESE TOTALSEED AMINO ACIDS AMINO ACIDS LINE PROMOTER DHDPS AKIII-M4S AMINO ACIDS 1088.1.2 x elite globulin 1 15 3.6 1089.4.2 x elite globulin 1 21 5.1 1099.2.1 x self globulin 1 27 5.3 1090.2.1 x elite glutelin 2 1.2 1.7 1092.2.1 x elite glutelin 2 1.1 2.2 WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 SEQUENCE LISTING GENERAL INFORMATION:

APPLICANT:

ADDRESSEE: E. I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS AND COMPANY STREET: 1007 MARKET STREET CITY: WILMINGTON STATE: DELAWARE COUNTRY: U.S.A.

ZIP: 19898 TELEPHONE: 302-992-5481 TELEFAX: 302-892-7949 TELEX: 835420 (ii) TITLE OF INVENTION: CHIMERIC GENES AND METHODS FOR INCREASING THE LYSINE CONTENT OF THE SEEDS OF PLANTS (iii) NUMBER OF SEQUENCES: 132 (iv) COMPUTER READABLE FORM: MEDIUM TYPE: DISKETTE, 3.50 INCH COMPUTER: IBM PC COMPATIBLE OPERATING SYSTEM: MICROSOFT WINDOWS SOFTWARE: MICROSOFT WORD FOR WINDOWS 95 CURRENT APPLICATION DATA: APPLICATION NUMBER: FILING DATE:

CLASSIFICATION:

(vi) PRIOR APPLICATION DATA: APPLICATION NUMBER: FILING DATE: MARCH 08/824,627 27, 1997 (vii) ATTORNEY/AGENT INFORMATION: NAME: CHRISTENBURY, LYNNE M.

REGISTRATION NUMBER: 30,971 REFERENCE/DOCKET NUMBER: BB-1037-F 120 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:1: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 1350 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: CDS LOCATION: 1..1350 (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:1:

ATG

Met 1 GCT GAA ATT GTT GTC TCC AAA TTT Ala Glu Ile Val Val Ser Lys Phe 5

GGC

Gly 10 GGT ACC AGC GTA Gly Thr Ser Val GCT GAT Ala Asp TTT GAC GCC Phe Asp Ala GTG CGT TTA Val Arg Leu AAC CGC AGC GCT GAT ATT GTG CTT TCT Asn Arg Ser Ala Asp Ile Val Leu Ser GAT GCC AAC Asp Ala Asn AAT CTG CTG Asn Leu Leu GTT GTC CTC TCG Val Val Leu Ser TCT GCT GGT ATC Ser Ala Gly Ile GTC GCT Val Ala TTA GCT GAA GGA CTG GAA CCT GGC GAG Leu Ala Glu Gly Leu Glu Pro Gly Glu TTC GAA AAA CTC Phe Glu Lys Leu 192

GAC

Asp GCT ATC CGC AAC Ala Ile Arg Asn

ATC

Ile 70 CAG TTT GCC ATT Gin Phe Ala Ile GAA CGT CTG CGT Glu Arg Leu Arg

TAC

Tyr 240 288 CCG AAC GTT ATC Pro Asn Val Ile GAA GAG ATT GAA Glu Glu Ile Glu

CGT

Arg CTG CTG GAG AAC Leu Leu Glu Asn ATT ACT Ile Thr GTT CTG GCA Val Leu Ala GAG CTG GTC Glu Leu Val 115

GAA

Glu 100 GCG GCG GCG CTG Ala Ala Ala Leu

GCA

Ala 105 ACG TCT CCG GCG Thr Ser Pro Ala CTG ACA GAT Leu Thr Asp 110 TTT GTT GAG Phe Val Glu 336 384 AGC CAC GGC GAG Ser His Gly Glu

CTG

Leu 120 ATG TCG ACC CTG Met Ser Thr Leu

CTG

Leu 125 ATC CTG Ile Leu 130 CGC GAA CGC GAT Arg Glu Arg Asp CAG GCA CAG TGG Gin Ala Gin Trp GAT GTA CGT AAA Asp Val Arg Lys 432 480

GTG

Val 145 ATG CGT ACC AAC Met Arg Thr Asn

GAC

Asp 150 CGA TTT GGT CGT Arg Phe Gly Arg

GCA

Ala 155 GAG CCA GAT ATA Glu Pro Asp Ile SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCTIUS98/06051 GCG CTG GCG GAA Ala Leu Ala Glu

CTG

Leu 165 GCC GCG CTG CAG Ala Ala Leu Gin

CTG

Leu 170 CTC CCA CGT CTC Leu Pro Arg Leu AAT GAA Asn Glu 175 528 GGC TTA GTG Gly Leu Vai ACA ACG ACG Thr Thr Thr 195 ACC CAG GGA TTT Thr Gin Gly Phe GGT AGC GAA AAT Gly Ser Giu Asn AAA GGT CGT Lys Gly Arg 190 GCC TTG CTG Ala Leu Leu 576 624 CTT GGC CGT GGA Leu Gly Arg Gly

GGC

Gly 200 AGC GAT TAT ACG Ser Asp Tyr Thr

GCA

Ala 205 GCG GAG Ala Glu 210 GCT TTA CAC GCA Ala Leu His Ala CGT GTT GAT ATC Arg Val Asp Ile ACC GAC GTC CCG Thr Asp Val Pro

GGC

Gly 225 ATC TAC ACC ACC Ile Tyr Thr Thr CCA CGC GTA GTT Pro Arg Val Val GCA GCA AAA CGC Ala Ala Lys Arg

ATT

Ile 240 672 720 768 GAT GAA ATC GCG Asp Giu Ile Ala

TTT

Phe 245 GCC GAA GCG GCA Ala Giu Ala Ala

GAG

Glu 250 ATG GCA ACT TTT Met Ala Thr Phe GGT GCA Gly Ala 255 AAA GTA CTG Lys Val Leu CCG GTC TTT Pro Val Phe 275 CCG GCA ACG TTG Pro Ala Thr Leu CCC GCA GTA CGC Pro Ala Val Arg AGC GAT ATC Ser Asp Ile 270 GGT ACG CTG Gly Thr Leu 816 864 GTC GGC TCC AGC Val Gly Ser Ser

AAA

Lys 280 GAC CCA CGC GCA Asp Pro Arg Ala

GGT

Gly 285 GTG TGC Val Cys 290 AAT AAA ACT GAA Asn Lys Thr Glu CCG CCG CTG TTC Pro Pro Leu Phe

CGC

Arg 300 GCT CTG GCG CTT Ala Leu Ala Leu 912

CGT

Arg 305 CGC AAT CAG ACT Arg Asn Gin Thr CTC ACT TTG CAC AGC CTG AAT ATG CTG Leu Thr Leu His Ser Leu Asn Met Leu 315

CAT

His 320 960 TCT CGC GGT TTC Ser Arg Gly Phe

CTC

Leu 325 GCG GAA GTT TTC Ala Glu Val Phe

GGC

Gly 330 ATC CTC GCG CGG Ile Leu Ala Arg CAT AAT His Asn 335 1008 ATT TCG GTA Ile Ser Val CTT GAT ACC Leu Asp Thr 355 TTA ATC ACC ACG Leu Ile Thr Thr

TCA

Ser 345 GAA GTG AGC GTG Glu Val Ser Val GCA TTA ACC Ala Leu Thr 350 CTG ACG CAA Leu Thr Gin 1056 1104 ACC GGT TCA ACC Thr Gly Ser Thr

TCC

Ser 360 ACT GGC GAT ACG Thr Gly Asp Thr TCT CTG Ser Leu 370 CTG ATG GAG CTT Leu Met Glu Leu

TCC

Ser 375 GCA CTG TGT CGG Ala Leu Cys Arg GAG GTG GAA GAA Glu Val Glu Glu 1152 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 GGT CTG GCG CTG GTC GCG Gly Leu Ala Leu Val Ala 385 390 TTG ATT GGC AAT GAC CTG TCA AAA GCC TGC Leu Ile Gly Asn Leu Ser Lys Ala Cys 400 GCC GTT GGC AAA Ala Val Gly Lys

GAG

Glu 405 GTA TTC GGC GTA Val Phe Gly Val GAA CCG TTC AAC Glu Pro Phe Asn ATT CGC Ile Arg 415 1200 1248 1296 ATG ATT TGT Met Ile Cys GGC GAA GAT Gly Glu Asp 435

TAT

Tyr 420 GGC GCA TCC AGC CAT AAC CTG TGC TTC Gly Ala Ser Ser His Asn Leu Cys Phe 425 CTG GTG CCC Leu Val Pro 430 AAT TTG TTT Asn Leu Phe GCC GAG CAG GTG Ala Glu Gln Val

GTG

Val 440 CAA AAA CTG CAT Gln Lys Leu His 1344 1350 GAG TAA Glu 450 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:2: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 36 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:2: GATCCATGGC TGAAATTGTT GTCTCCAAAT TTGGCG INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:3: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 36 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:3: GTACCGCCAA ATTTGGAGAC AACAATTTCA GCCATG INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:4: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 48 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) 123 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:4: CCCGGGCCAT GGCTACAGGT TTAACAGCTA AGACCGGAGT AGAGCACT INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 37 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID GATATCGAAT TCTCATTATA GAACTCCAGC TTTTTTC INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:6: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 917 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: CDS LOCATION: 3..911 (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:6: CC ATG GCT ACA GGT TTA ACA GCT AAG ACC GGA GTA GAG CAC TTC GGC Met Ala Thr Gly Leu Thr Ala Lys Thr Gly Val Glu His Phe Gly ACC GTT GGA GTA Thr Val Gly Val

GCA

Ala ATG GTT ACT CCA Met Val Thr Pro ACG GAA TCC GGA Thr Glu Ser Gly GAC ATC Asp Ile GAT ATC GCT GCT GGC CGC GAA GTC Asp Ile Ala Ala Gly Arg Glu Val GCT TAT TTG GTT Ala Tyr Leu Val GAT AAG GGC Asp Lys Gly CCA ACG ACA Pro Thr Thr TTG GAT TCT Leu Asp Ser TTG GTT CTC GCG Leu Val Leu Ala

GGC

Gly ACC ACT GGT GAA Thr Thr Gly Glu ACC GCC Thr Ala GCT GAA AAA CTA Ala Glu Lys Leu

GAA

Glu CTG CTC AAG GCC Leu Leu Lys Ala CGT GAG GAA GTT Arg Glu Glu Val

GGG

Gly GAT CGG GCG AAG Asp Arg Ala Lys ATC GCC GGT GTC Ile Ala Gly Val

GGA

Gly ACC AAC AAC ACG Thr Asn Asn Thr 124 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 ACA TCT GTG GAA Thr Ser Val Glu

CTT

Leu 100 GCG GAA GCT GCT Ala Glu Ala Ala TCT GCT GGC GCA GAC GGC Ser Ala Gly Ala Asp Gly 110 CTT TTA GTT Leu Leu Val CTG GCG CAC Leu Ala His 130

GTA

Val 115 ACT CCT TAT TAC Thr Pro Tyr Tyr AAG CCG AGC CAA Lys Pro Ser Gln GAG GGA TTG Glu Gly Leu 125 CCA ATT TGT Pro Ile Cys TTC GGT GCA ATT Phe Gly Ala Ile

GCT

Ala 135 GCA GCA ACA GAG Ala Ala Thr Glu

GTT

Val 140 CTC TAT Leu Tyr 145 GAC ATT CCT GGT Asp Ile Pro Gly TCA GGT ATT CCA Ser Gly Ile Pro GAG TCT GAT ACC Glu Ser Asp Thr

ATG

Met 160 AGA CGC CTG AGT Arg Arg Leu Ser TTA CCT ACG ATT Leu Pro Thr Ile

TTG

Leu 170 GCG GTC AAG GAC Ala Val Lys Asp

GCC

Ala 175 AAG GGT GAC CTC Lys Gly Asp Leu

GTT

Val 180 GCA GCC ACG TCA Ala Ala Thr Ser

TTG

Leu 185 ATC AAA GAA ACG Ile Lys Glu Thr GGA CTT Gly Leu 190 GCC TGG TAT Ala Trp Tyr GGC GGA TCA Gly Gly Ser 210

TCA

Ser 195 GGC GAT GAC CCA Gly Asp Asp Pro

CTA

Leu 200 AAC CTT GTT TGG Asn Leu Val Trp CTT GCT TTG Leu Ala Leu 205 CCC ACA GCA Pro Thr Ala 623 671 GGT TTC ATT TCC Gly Phe Ile Ser

GTA

Val 215 ATT GGA CAT GCA Ile Gly His Ala TTA CGT Leu Arg 225 GAG TTG TAC ACA Glu Leu Tyr Thr

AGC

Ser 230 TTC GAG GAA GGC Phe Glu Glu Gly CTC GTC CGT GCG Leu Val Arg Ala

CGG

Arg 240 GAA ATC AAC GCC Glu Ile Asn Ala

AAA

Lys 245 CTA TCA CCG CTG Leu Ser Pro Leu

GTA

Val 250 GCT GCC CAA GGT Ala Ala Gln Gly

CGC

Arg 255 719 767 815 TTG GGT GGA GTC Leu Gly Gly Val TTG GCA AAA GCT Leu Ala Lys Ala

GCT

Ala 265 CTG CGT CTG CAG Leu Arg Leu Gln GGC ATC Gly Ile 270 AAC GTA GGA Asn Val Gly CTT GAG GCT Leu Glu Ala 290

GAT

Asp 275 CCT CGA CTT CCA Pro Arg Leu Pro

ATT

Ile 280 ATG GCT CCA AAT Met Ala Pro Asn GAG CAG GAA Glu Gln Glu 285 CTC CGA GAA GAC Leu Arg Glu Asp

ATG

Met 295 AAA AAA GCT GGA Lys Lys Ala Gly

GTT

Val 300 CTA TAA TGAGAATTC 918 Leu INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:7: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 22 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid 125 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID CTTCCCGTGA CCATGGGCCA TC INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:8: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 75 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) NO:7: (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:8: CATGGCTGGC TTCCCCACGA GGAAGACCAA CAATGACATT ACCTCCATTG CTAGCAACGG TGGAAGAGTA CAATG INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:9: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 75 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:9: CATGCATTGT ACTCTTCCAC CGTTGCTAGC AATGGAGGTA ATGTCATTGT TGGTCTTCCT CGTGGGGAAG CCAGC INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 90 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID CATGGCTTCC TCAATGATCT CCTCCCCAGC TGTTACCACC GTCAACCGTG CCGGTGCCGG CATGGTTGCT CCATTCACCG GCCTCAAAAG 126 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:11: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 90 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:11: CATGCTTTTG AGGCCGGTGA ATGGAGCAAC CATGCCGGCA CCGGCACGGT TGACGGTGGT AACAGCTGGG GAGGAGATCA TTGAGGAAGC INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:12: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 23 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:12: CCGGTTTGCT GTAATAGGTA CCA 23 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:13: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 31 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:13: AGCTTGGTAC CTATTACAGC AAACCGGCAT G 31 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:14: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 27 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:14: GCTTCCTCAA TGATCTCCTC CCCAGCT 27 127 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 28 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID CATTGTACTC TTCCACCGTT GCTAGCAA 28 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:16: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 20 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: misc feature LOCATION: 1..20 OTHER INFORMATION: /product= "synthetic oligonucleotide" /standard name= "SM (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:16: CTGACTCGCT GCGCTCGGTC INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:17: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 24 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: misc feature LOCATION: 1..24 OTHER INFORMATION: /product= "synthetic oligonucleotide" /standard name= "SM 71" (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:17: TATTTTCTCC TTACGCATCT GTGC 24 128 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:18: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 27 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: misc feature LOCATION: 1..27 OTHER INFORMATION: /product= "synthetic oligonucleotide" /standard name= "SM 78" (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:18: TTCATCGATA GGCGACCACA CCCGTCC 27 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:19: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 27 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: misc feature LOCATION: 1..27 OTHER INFORMATION: /product= "synthetic oligonucleotide" /standard name= "SM 79" (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:19: AATATCGATG CCACGATGCG TCCGGCG 27 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 55 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: miscfeature LOCATION: 1..55 129 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 OTHER INFORMATION: /product= "synthetic oligonucleotide" /standard name= "SM 81" (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID CATGGAGGAG AAGATGAAGG CGATGGAAGA GAAGATGAAG GCGTGATAGG TACCG INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:21: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 55 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: miscfeature LOCATION: 1..55 OTHER INFORMATION: /product= "synthetic oligonucleotide" /standardname= "SM (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:21: AATTCGGTAC CTATCACGCC TTCATCTTCT CTTCCATCGC CTTCATCTTC TCCTC INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:22: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 14 amino acids TYPE: amino acid STRANDEDNESS: unknown TOPOLOGY: unknown (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: Protein LOCATION: 1..14 OTHER INFORMATION: /label= name /note= "base gene [(SSP5)2]" (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:22: Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala 1 5 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:23: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 21 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid 130 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: misc feature LOCATION: 1..21 OTHER INFORMATION: /product= "synthetic oligonucleotide" /standard name= "SM 84" (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:23: GATGGAGGAG AAGATGAAGG C 21 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:24: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 21 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: miscfeature LOCATION: 1..21 OTHER INFORMATION: /product= "synthetic oligonucleotide" /standard name= "SM (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:24: ATCGCCTTCA TCTTCTCCTC C 21 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 21 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: misc feature LOCATION: 1..21 OTHER INFORMATION: /product= "synthetic oligonucleotide" /standard name= "SM 82" 131 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID GATGGAGGAG AAGCTGAAGG C 21 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:26: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 21 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: miscfeature LOCATION: 1..21 OTHER INFORMATION: /product= "synthetic oligonucleotide" /standard name= "SM 83" (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:26: ATCGCCTTCA GCTTCTCCTC C 21 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:27: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 7 amino acids TYPE: amino acid STRANDEDNESS: unknown TOPOLOGY: unknown (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:27: Met Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Ala 1 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:28: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 7 amino acids TYPE: amino acid STRANDEDNESS: unknown TOPOLOGY: unknown (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:28: Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala 1 132 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:29: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 160 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: double TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE: STRAIN: E. coli CELL TYPE: DH5 alpha (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE: CLONE: (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: CDS LOCATION: 2..151 OTHER INFORMATION: /function= "synthetic storage protein" /product= "protein" /gene= "ssp" /standard name= "5.7.7.7.7.7.5" (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:29: GAG AAG ATG AAG GCG ATG GAG GAG AAG CTG AAG GCG ATG Glu Lys Met Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Ala Met C ATG GAG Met Glu 1 GAG GAG AAG CTG AAG GCG ATG GAG GAG AAG CTG AAG GCG ATG GAG GAG Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Ala Met Glu Glu 25 AAG CTG AAG GCG ATG GAG GAG AAG CTG AAG GCG ATG GAA Lys Leu Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Ala Met Glu GAG AAG ATG Glu Lys Met AAG GCG TGATAGGTAC CG Lys Ala INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 49 amino acids TYPE: amino acid TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Ala Met Glu 1 5 10 133 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 Glu Lys Leu Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys 25 Leu Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys 40 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:31: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 160 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: double TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE: STRAIN: E. coli CELL TYPE: DH5 alpha (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE: CLONE: (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: CDS LOCATION: 2..151 OTHER INFORMATION: /function= "synthetic storage protein" /product= "protein" /gene= "ssp" /standard name= "5.7.7.7.7.7.5" (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:31: C ATG GAG GAG AAG ATG AAG GCG ATG GAG GAG AAG CTG AAG GCG ATG Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Ala Met GAG GAG AAG CTG AAG GCG Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Ala ATG GAG GAG Met Glu Glu

AAG

Lys 25 CTG AAG GCG ATG GAG GAG Leu Lys Ala Met Glu Glu AAG CTG AAG GCG ATG GAG GAG AAG CTG Lys Leu Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Leu 40 AAG GCG ATG Lys Ala Met GAA GAG AAG ATG Glu Glu Lys Met 142 AAG GCG TGATAGGTAC CG Lys Ala 160 134 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:32: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 49 amino acids TYPE: amino acid TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:32: Met 1 Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala Met Glu Glu 5 10 Lys Leu Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys 25 Leu Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Lys Met Lys Leu Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Ala Met Glu INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:33: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 139 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: double TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE: STRAIN: E. coli CELL TYPE: DH5 alpha (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE: CLONE: (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: CDS LOCATION: 2..130 OTHER INFORMATION: /function= "synthetic storage protein" /product= "protein" /gene= "ssp" /standard name= "5.7.7.7.7.5" C ATG GAG Met Glu 1 (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:33: GAG AAG ATG AAG GCG ATG GAG GAG AAG CTG AAG GCG ATG Glu Lys Met Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Ala Met 5 10 GAG GAG AAG CTG AAG GCG ATG GAG GAG AAG CTG AAG GCG ATG GAG GAG 94 Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Ala Met Glu Glu 25 135 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 AAG CTG AAG GCG ATG GAA GAG AAG ATG AAG GCG TGATAGGTAC CG Lys Leu Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:34: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 42 amino acids TYPE: amino acid TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:34: 139 Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Leu 1 5 10 Lys Ala Met Glu Met Glu Glu Lys Glu Lys Leu Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Ala 25 Leu Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 97 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: double TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE: STRAIN: E. coli CELL TYPE: DH5 alpha (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE: CLONE: D16 (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: CDS LOCATION: 2..88 OTHER INFORMATION: /function= "synthetic storage protein" /product= "protein" /gene= "ssp" /standard name= "5.5.5.5" (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID C ATG GAG GAG AAG ATG AAG GCG ATG GAG GAG AAG ATG AAG GCG ATG Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala Met 1 5 10 136 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 GAG GAG AAG ATG AAG GCG ATG GAA GAG AAG ATG AAG GCG TGATAGGTAC Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala

CG

INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:36: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 28 amino acids TYPE: amino acid TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:36: Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:37: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 118 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: double TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE: STRAIN: E. coli CELL TYPE: DH5 alpha (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE: CLONE: (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: CDS LOCATION: 2..109 OTHER INFORMATION: /function= "synthetic storage protein" /product= "protein" /gene= "ssp" /standard name= "5.5.5.5.5" (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:37: C ATG GAG GAG AAG ATG AAG GCG ATG GAG GAG AAG ATG AAG GCG ATG Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala Met 1 5 10 137 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 GAG GAG AAG ATG AAG GCG ATG GAG GAG AAG ATG AAG GCG ATG GAA GAG Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala Met Glu Glu 25 AAG ATG AAG GCG TGATAGGTAC CG Lys Met Lys Ala INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:38: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 35 amino acids TYPE: amino acid TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:38: Met 1 Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala Met Glu Glu 5 10 Lys Met Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala 25 Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:39: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 97 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: double TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE: STRAIN: E. coli CELL TYPE: DH5 alpha (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE: CLONE: D33 (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: CDS LOCATION: 2..88 OTHER INFORMATION: /function= "synthetic storage protein" /product= "protein" /gene= "ssp" /standard name= "5.5.5.5" SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:39: C ATG GAG GAG AAG ATG AAG GCG ATG GAG GAG AAG ATG AAG GCG ATG 46 Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala Met 1 5 10 GAG GAG AAG ATG AAG GCG ATG GAA GAG AAG ATG AAG GCG TGATAGGTAC Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala CG 97 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 28 amino acids TYPE: amino acid TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala Met Glu 1 5 10 Glu Lys Met Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:41: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 21 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: misc feature LOCATION: 1..21 OTHER INFORMATION: /product= "synthetic oligonucleotide" /standard name= "SM 86" (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:41: GATGGAGGAG AAGCTGAAGA A 21 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:42: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 21 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear 139 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: misc feature LOCATION: 1..21 OTHER INFORMATION: /product= "synthetic oligonucleotide" /standard name= "SM 87" (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:42: ATCTTCTTCA GCTTCTCCTC C 21 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:43: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 21 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: miscfeature LOCATION: 1..21 OTHER INFORMATION: /product= "synthetic oligonucleotide" /standard name= "SM 88" (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:43: GATGGAGGAG AAGCTGAAGT G 21 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:44: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 21 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: misc feature LOCATION: 1..21 OTHER INFORMATION: /product= "synthetic oligonucleotide" /standard name= "SM 89" (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:44: ATCCACTTCA GCTTCTCCTC C 21 140 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCTIUS98/06051 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 21 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: miscfeature LOCATION: 1..21 OTHER INFORMATION: /product= "synthetic oligonucleotide" /standard name= "SM (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID GATGGAGGAG AAGATGAAGA A 21 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:46: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 21 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: miscfeature LOCATION: 1..21 OTHER INFORMATION: /product= "synthetic oligonucleotide" /standard name= "SM 91" (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:46: ATCTTCTTCA TCTTCTCCTC C 21 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:47: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 21 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: miscfeature LOCATION: 1..21 141 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 OTHER INFORMATION: /product= "synthetic oligonucleotide" /standard name= "SM 92" (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:47: GATGGAGGAG AAGATGAAGT G 21 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:48: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 21 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: misc feature LOCATION: 1..21 OTHER INFORMATION: /product= "synthetic oligonucleotide" /standard name= "SM 93" (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:48: ATCCACTTCA TCTTCTCCTC C 21 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:49: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 7 amino acids TYPE: amino acid STRANDEDNESS: unknown TOPOLOGY: unknown (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:49: Met Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Lys 1 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 7 amino acids TYPE: amino acid STRANDEDNESS: unknown TOPOLOGY: unknown (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein 142 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Trp Met 1 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:51: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 7 amino acids TYPE: amino acid STRANDEDNESS: unknown TOPOLOGY: unknown (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:51: -u Glu Lys Met Lys Lys Met GI 1 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:52: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 7 amino acids TYPE: amino acid STRANDEDNESS: unknown TOPOLOGY: unknown (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:52: Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Trp 1 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:53: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 160 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: double TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE: STRAIN: E. coli CELL TYPE: DH5 alpha (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE: CLONE: 82-4 (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: CDS LOCATION: 2..151 OTHER INFORMATION: /fun stor /pro ction= "synthetic age protein Iduct= "protein" 143 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 /gene= "ssp" /standard name= "7.7.7.7.7.7.5" (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:53: C ATG GAG GAG AAG CTG AAG GCG ATG GAG GAG AAG CTG AAG GCG ATG Met Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Ala Met 1 5 10 GAG GAG AAG CTG AAG GCG ATG GAG GAG AAG CTG AAG GCG ATG GAG GAG Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Ala Met Glu Glu 25 AAG CTG AAG GCG ATG GAG GAG AAG CTG AAG GCG ATG GAA GAG AAG ATG Lys Leu Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Met 40 AAG GCG TGATAGGTAC CG Lys Ala INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:54: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 49 amino acids TYPE: amino acid TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:54: Met 1 Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Ala Met Glu 5 Glu Lys Leu Lys Ala 10 Met Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys 25 Leu Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Lys Met Lys Leu Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Ala Met Glu Glu 40 Ala INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 97 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: double TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE: STRAIN: E.

CELL TYPE: coli DH5 alpha SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE: CLONE: 84-H3 (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: CDS LOCATION: 2..88 OTHER INFORMATION: /function= "synthetic storage protein /product= "protein" /gene= "ssp" /standard name= "5.5.5.5" (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID C ATG GAG GAG AAG ATG AAG GCG ATG GAG GAG AAG ATG AAG GCG ATG Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala Met 1 5 10 GAG GAG AAG ATG AAG GCG ATG GAA GAG AAG ATG Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Met

CG

INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:56: AAG GCG TGATAGGTAC Lys Ala SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 28 amino acids TYPE: amino acid TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:56: Met 1 Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:57: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 97 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: double TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE: STRAIN: E.

CELL TYPE: coli DH5 alpha (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE: CLONE: 86-H23 145 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: CDS LOCATION: 2..88 OTHER INFORMATION: /function= "synthetic storage protein /product= "protein" /gene= "ssp" /standard name= "5.8.8.5" (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:57: C ATG Met 1 GAG GAG AAG ATG AAG GCG ATG GAG GAG AAG CTG AAG AAG ATG Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Lys Met 5 10 GAG GAG AAG CTG AAG AAG ATG GAA GAG AAG ATG AAG GCG TGATAGGTAC Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Lys Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala

CG

INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:58: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 28 amino acids TYPE: amino acid TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:58: Met 1 Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala Met Glu Glu 5 10 Lys Leu Lys Lys Met Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Lys Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:59: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 112 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: double TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE: STRAIN: E. coli CELL TYPE: DH5 alpha (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE: CLONE: 88-2 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: CDS LOCATION: 2..103 OTHER INFORMATION: /function= "synthetic storage protein /product= "protein" /gene= "ssp" /standard name= "5.9.9.9.5" (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:59: C ATG GAG GAG AAG ATG AAG GCG AAG AAG CTG AAG TGG ATG GAG GAG 46 Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala Lys Lys Leu Lys Trp Met Glu Glu 1 5 10 AAG CTG AAG TGG ATG GAG GAG AAG CTG AAG TGG ATG GAA GAG AAG ATG 94 Lys Leu Lys Trp Met Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Trp Met Glu Glu Lys Met 25 AAG GCG TGATAGGTAC CG Lys Ala INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 33 amino acids TYPE: amino acid TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID Met 1 Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala Lys Lys Leu 5 10 Lys Trp Met Glu Glu Lys Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Leu Lys Trp Met Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Trp 25 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:61: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 118 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: double TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE: STRAIN: E.

CELL TYPE: coli DH5 alpha (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE: CLONE: 90-H8 147 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: CDS LOCATION: 2..109 OTHER INFORMATION: /function= "synthetic storage protein /product= "protein" /gene= "ssp" /standard name= "5.10.10.10.5" (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:61: C ATG Met 1 GAG GAG AAG ATG AAG GCG ATG GAG GAG AAG ATG AAG AAG ATG Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Lys Met 5 10 GAG GAG AAG ATG AAG AAG ATG GAG GAG AAG ATG AAG AAG ATG GAA GAG 94 Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Lys Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Lys Met Glu Glu 25 AAG ATG AAG GCG TGATAGGTAC CG Lys Met Lys Ala INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:62: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 35 amino acids TYPE: amino acid TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:62: Met 1 Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala Met Glu Glu 5 10 Lys Met Lys Lys Met Glu Lys Lys Met Glu Glu Lys Glu Lys Met Lys Lys Met Glu Glu Lys Met 25 Met Lys Ala INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:63: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 97 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: double TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE: STRAIN: E.

CELL TYPE: coli DH5 alpha SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE: CLONE: 92-2 (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: CDS LOCATION: 2..88 OTHER INFORMATION: /function= "synthetic storage protein /product= "protein" /gene= "ssp" /standard name= "5.11.11.5" (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:63: C ATG GAG GAG AAG ATG AAG GCG ATG GAG GAG AAG ATG AAG TGG ATG Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Trp Met 1 5 10 GAG GAG AAG ATG AAG TGG ATG GAA GAG AAG ATG AAG GCG TGATAGGTAC Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Trp Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala

CG

INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:64: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 28 amino acids TYPE: amino acid TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:64: Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Trp Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Trp Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 84 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: misc feature LOCATION: 1..84 OTHER INFORMATION: /product= "synthetic oligonucleotide" 149 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 /standard name= "SM 96" (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID GATGGAGGAA AAGATGAAGG CGATGGAGGA GAAAATGAAA GCTATGGAGG AAAAGATGAA AGCGATGGAG GAGAAAATGA AGGC 84 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:66: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 84 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: misc feature LOCATION: 1..84 OTHER INFORMATION: /product= "synthetic oligonucleotide" /standard name= "SM 97" (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:66: ATCGCCTTCA TTTTCTCCTC CATCGCTTTC ATCTTTTCCT CCATAGCTTT CATTTTCTCC TCCATCGCCT TCATCTTTTC CTCC 84 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:67: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 28 amino acids TYPE: amino acid STRANDEDNESS: unknown TOPOLOGY: unknown (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: Protein LOCATION: 1..28 OTHER INFORMATION: /label= name /note= "(SSP 5)4" (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:67: Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala Met Glu 1 5 10 Glu Lys Met Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala 150 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/4283 (2) 1 PCT/US98/06051 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:68: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 84 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: misc feature LOCATION: 1..84 OTHER INFORMATION: /product= "synthetic oligonucleotide" /standard name= "SM 98" (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:68: GATGGAGGAA AAGCTGAAAG CGATGGAGGA GAAACTCAAG GCTATGGAAG AAAAGCTTAA AGCGATGGAG GAGAAACTGA AGGC 84 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:69: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 84 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: misc feature LOCATION: 1..84 OTHER INFORMATION: /product= "synthetic oligonucleotide" /standard name= "SM 99" (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:69: ATCGCCTTCA GTTTCTCCTC CTACGCTTTA AGCTTTTCTT CCATAGCCTT GAGTTTCTCC TCCATCGCTT TCAGCTTTTC CTCC 84 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 28 amino acids TYPE: amino acid STRANDEDNESS: unknown TOPOLOGY: unknown (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein 151 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: Protein LOCATION: 1..28 OTHER INFORMATION: /label= name /note= "(SSP 7)4" (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Ala Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Ala Met 1 Met Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Ala INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:71: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 84 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: miscfeature LOCATION: 1..84 OTHER INFORMATION: /product= "synthetic oligonucleotide" /standardname= "SM 100" (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:71: GATGGAGGAA AAGCTTAAGA AGATGGAAGA AAAGCTGAAA TGGATGGAGG AGAAACTCAA AAAGATGGAG GAAAAGCTTA AATG INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:72: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 84 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: misc feature LOCATION: 1..84 OTHER INFORMATION: /product= "synthetic oligonucleotide" /standard name= "SM 101" SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:72: ATCCATTTAA GCTTTTCCTC CTACTTTTTG AGTTTCTCCT CCATCCATTT CAGCTTTTCT TCCATCTTCT TAAGCTTTTC CTCC 84 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:73: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 28 amino acids TYPE: amino acid STRANDEDNESS: unknown TOPOLOGY: unknown (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:73: Met Glu Glu 1 Glu Lys Leu Lys Leu Lys Lys Met Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Trp Met Glu 5 10 Lys Lys Met Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Trp INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:74: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 243 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: double TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE: STRAIN: E. coli CELL TYPE: DH5 alpha (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE: CLONE: 2-9 (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: CDS LOCATION: 2..235 OTHER INFORMATION: /function= "synthetic storage protein /product= "protein" /gene= "ssp" /standard name= "7.7.7.7.7.7.8.9.8.9.5" (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:74: C ATG GAG GAG AAG CTG AAG GCG ATG GAG GAG AAG CTG AAG GCG ATG Met Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Ala Met SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 GAG GAG AAG Glu Glu Lys AAG CTG AAG Lys Leu Lys AAG AAG ATG Lys Lys Met ATG GAG GAA Met Glu Glu

C

CTG

Leu

GCG

Ala

GAA

Glu

AAG

Lys

AAG

Lys

ATG

Met

GAA

Glu

CTT

Leu

GCG

Ala

GAG

Glu

AAG

Lys

AAA

Lys

ATG

Met

GAG

Glu

CTG

Leu

TGG

Trp

GAG

Glu

CTG

Leu 40

TGG

Trp

GAA

Glu

GCG

Ala

GAG

Glu

AAA

Lys

AAG

Lys

ATG

Met

GAA

Glu

CTC

Leu

GCG

Ala PCT/US98/06051 GAG GAG 94 Glu Glu AAG CTT 142 Lys Leu AAA AAG 190 Lys Lys TGATAGGTAC 242 243 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 77 amino acids TYPE: amino acid TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID Met Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Ala Met Glu 1 5 10 Glu Lys Leu Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys 25 Leu Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys 40 Lys Met Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Trp Met Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Lys Met 55 Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Trp Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala 70 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:76: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 175 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: double TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE: STRAIN: E. coli CELL TYPE: DH5 alpha 154 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 (vii) IMMEDIATE SOURCE: CLONE: 5-1 (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: CDS LOCATION: 2..172 OTHER INFORMATION: /function= "synthetic storage protein /product= "protein" /gene= "ssp" /standard name= "5.5.5.7.7.7.7.5" (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:76: C ATG GAG GAG AAG ATG AAG GCG ATG GAG GAG AAG ATG AAG GCG ATG 46 Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala Met 1 5 10 GAG GAG AAG ATG AAG GCG ATG GAG GAA AAG CTG AAA GCG ATG GAG GAG 94 Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Ala Met Glu Glu 25 AAA CTC AAG GCT ATG GAA GAA AAG CTT AAA GCG ATG GAG GAG AAA CTG 142 Lys Leu Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Leu 40 AAG GCC ATG GAA GAG AAG ATG AAG GCG TGATAG Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:77: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 56 amino acids TYPE: amino acid TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:77: Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala 179 Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Leu Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Lys Leu Lys Leu Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Leu 40 Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala 155 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:78: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 187 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: double TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE: STRAIN: E. coli CELL TYPE: DH5 alpha (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: CDS LOCATION: 3..173 OTHER INFORMATION: /function= "synthetic storage protein /product= "protein" /gene= "ssp" /standard name= (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:78: CC ATG GAG GAG AAG CTG AAG GCG ATG GAG GAG AAG CTG AAG GCG ATG 47 Met Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Ala Met 1 5 10 GAG GAG AAG CTG AAG GCG ATG GAG GAG AAG CTG AAG GCG ATG GAG GAG Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Ala Met Glu Glu 25 AAG CTG AAG GCG ATG GAG GAG AAG CTG AAG GCG ATG GAG GAA AAG ATG 143 Lys Leu Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Met 40 AAG GCG ATG GAA GAG AAG ATG AAG GCG TGATAGGTAC CGAATTC 187 Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:79: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 56 amino acids TYPE: amino acid TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:79: Met Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Ala Met Glu 1 5 10 Glu Lys Leu Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys 25 156 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 Leu Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Leu Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys 40 Ala Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 61 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: misc feature LOCATION: 1..61 OTHER INFORMATION: /product= "synthetic oligonucleotide" /standard name= "SM 107" (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID CATGGAGGAG AAGATGAAAA AGCTCGAAGA GAAGATGAAG GTCATGAAGT GATAGGTACC G 61 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:81: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 61 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: misc feature LOCATION: 1..61 OTHER INFORMATION: /product= "synthetic ligonucleotide" /standard name= "SM 106" (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:81: AATTCGGTAC CTATCACTTC ATGACCTTCA TCTTCTCTTC GAGCTTTTTC ATCTTCTCCT C 61 157 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:82: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 16 amino acids TYPE: amino acid STRANDEDNESS: unknown TOPOLOGY: unknown (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: Protein LOCATION: 1..16 OTHER INFORMATION: /label= name /note= "pSK34 base gene" (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:82: Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Lys Leu Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Val Met Lys 1 5 10 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:83: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 63 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: miscfeature LOCATION: 1..63 OTHER INFORMATION: /product= "synthetic oligonucleotide" /standard name= "SM 110" (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:83: GCTGGAAGAA AAGATGAAGG CTATGGAGGA CAAGATGAAA TGGCTTGAGG AAAAGATGAA GAA 63 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:84: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 63 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) 158 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: misc feature LOCATION: 1..63 OTHER INFORMATION: /product= "synthetic oligonucleotide" /standard name= "SM 111" (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:84: AGCTTCTTCA TCTTTTCCTC AAGCCATTTC ATCTTGTCCT CCATAGCCTT CATCTTTTCT TCC 63 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 37 amino acids TYPE: amino acid TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Lys Leu Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala Met Glu 1 5 10 Asp Lys Met Lys Trp Leu Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Lys Leu Glu Glu Lys 25 Met Lys Val Met Lys INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:86: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 37 amino acids TYPE: amino acid TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:86: Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Lys Leu Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala Met Glu 1 5 10 Asp Lys Met Lys Trp Leu Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Lys Leu Glu Glu Lys 25 Met Lys Val Met Lys 159 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:87: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 62 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: misc feature LOCATION: 1..62 OTHER INFORMATION: /product= "synthetic oligonucletide" /standard name= "SM 112" (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:87: GCTCGAAGAA AGATGAAGGC AATGGAAGAC AAAATGAAGT GGCTTGAGGA GAAAATGAAG AA 62 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:88: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 62 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: misc feature LOCATION: 1..62 OTHER INFORMATION: /product= "synthetic oligonucleotide" /standard name= "SM 113" (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:88: AGCTTCTTCA TTTTCTCCTC AAGCCACTTC ATTTTGTCTT CCATTGCCTT CATCTTTCTT CG 62 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:89: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 37 amino acids TYPE: amino acid TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein 160 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:89: Met Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Lys Leu Lys Glu Glu Met Ala Lys Met Lys 1 5 10 Asp Glu Met Trp Lys Leu Lys Glu Glu Met Lys Lys Leu Glu Glu Lys 25 Met Lys Val Met Lys INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 63 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: misc feature LOCATION: 1..63 OTHER INFORMATION: /product= "synthetic oligonucleotide" /standardname= "SM 114" (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID GCTCAAGGAG GAAATGGCTA AGATGAAAGA CGAAATCTGG AAACTGAAAG AGGAAATGAA GAA 63 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:91: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 63 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: misc feature LOCATION: 1..63 OTHER INFORMATION: /product= "synthetic oligonucleotide" /standard name= "SM 115" (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:91: AGCTTCTTCA TTTCCTCTTT CAGTTTCCAC ATTTCGTCTT TCATCTTAGC CATTTCCTCC TTG 63 161 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCTIUS98/06051 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:92: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 107 amino acids TYPE: amino acid TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) (xi) Glu Glu MOLECULE TYPE: protein SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: Lys Met Lys Lys Leu Lys Met 1

SEQ

Glu 10 Met ID NO:92 Glu Met Lys Lys Ala Lys Met Lys Leu Glu Glu Lys Asp Glu Met Met Lys Val Trp Lys Leu Lys Glu Met Glu Glu Lys Met 40 Lys Lys Leu Glu Glu Lys Met Lys Ala Met Glu Glu Glu Asp Lys Met Trp Leu Glu Glu Met Lys Lys Leu Lys Met Lys Met Glu Glu Lys Met 75 Lys Lys Leu Glu Glu Met Lys Met Lys Ala Lys Lys Leu Glu 100 Glu Asp Lys Met Lys Trp Leu Glu Glu Lys Glu Lys Met Lys Val Met Lys 105 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:93: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 839 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:93:

GGATCCCCCG

CACCTCTTAC

CTTTGTATAT

TAACCGCACC

AAATCAGGGC

GACTCCCTGC

CGTTGATCGG

GGCTGCAGGA

GTGCATGGTT

AAGACGTCAC

CTCCTTCCCG

TCATTTTCTC

ACCTGCCATG

TGGAAGACCA

ATTCTACGTA

ATATGTGACA

CTCTTACGTG

TCGTTTCCCA

GCTCCTCACA

GGTACGCTAG

CTCGTCAGTG

CCATATAGTA

TGTGCAGTGA

CATGGTTATA

TCTCTTCCTC

GGCTCATCAG

CCCGGGAGAT

TTGAGTTGAA

AGACTTTGTA

CGTTGTACCA

TGTGACATGT

CTTTAGAGCT

CACCCCGGCA

CTGACAAAGC

TGTTTGATCA

TATAAGACGT

TATAGTAAGA

GCAGTGACGT

ACCACTATAT

GTGCCACCCC

AGCATTAGTC

ATAAAATACG

120 180 240 300 360 420 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 GCAATGCTGT AAGGGTTGTT TTTTATGCCA TTGATAATAC ACTGTACTGT TCAGTTGTTG AACTCTATTT CTTAGCCATG CCAGTGCTTT TCTTATTTTG AATAACATTA CAGCAAAAAG TTGAAAGACA AAAAAANNNN NCCCCGAACA GAGTGCTTTG GGTCCCAAGC TTCTTTAGAC TGTGTTCGGC GTTCCCCCTA AATTTCTCCC CTATATCTCA CTCACTTGTC ACATCAGCGT TCTCTTTCCC CTATATCTCC ACGCTCTACA GCAGTTCCAC CTATATCAAA CCTCTATACC CCACCACAAC AATATTATAT ACTTTCATCT TCACCTAACT CATGTACCTT CCAATTTTTT TCTACTAATA ATTATTTACG TGCACAGAAA CTTAGGCAAG GGAGAGAGAG AGCGGTACC INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:94: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 43 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:94: CTAGAAGCCT CGGCAACGTC AGCAACGGCG GAAGAATCCG GTG INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 43 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID CATGCACCGG ATTCTTCCGC CGTTGCTGAC GTTGCCGAGG CTT INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:96: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 55 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:96: GATCCCATGG CGCCCCTTAA GTCCACCGCC AGCCTCCCCG TCGCCCGCCG CTCCT 480 540 600 660 720 780 839 43 43 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:97: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 55 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:97: CTAGAGGAGC GGCGGGCGAC GGGGAGGCTG GCGGTGGACT TAAGGGGCGC CATGG INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:98: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 59 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:98: CATGGCGCCC ACCGTGATGA TGGCCTCGTC GGCCACCGCC GTCGCTCCGT TCCAGGGGC 59 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:99: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 59 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:99: TTAAGCCCCT GGAACGGAGC GACGGCGGTG GCCGACGAGG CCATCATCAC GGTGGGCGC 59 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:100: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 16 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:100: GCGCCCACCG TGATGA 16 164 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:101: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 16 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:101: CACCGGATTC TTCCGC INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:102: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 372 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:102: GTAAGATTGG TAAAGTCCAG CAAGAAAATG AGATAAAAGA GAAGCCTGAA ATGACGAAAA AATCAGGTGT TTTGATTCTT GGTGCTGGAC GTGTGTNTCG CCCAGCTGCT GATTTCCTAG CTTCAGTTAG AACCATTTCG TCACAGCAAT GGTACAAAAC ATATTTCGGA GCAGACTCTG AAGAGAAAAC AGATGTTCAT GTGATTGTCG CGTCTCTGTA TCTTAAGGAT GCCAAAGAGA CGGTTGAAGG TATTTCAGAT GTAGAAGCAG TTCGGCTAGA TGTATCTGAT AGTGAAAGTC TCCTTAAGTA TGTTTCTCAG GTTGATGTTG TCCTAAGTTT ATTACCTGCA AGTTGTCATG CTTGTTGTAG CA INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:103: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 323 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:103: GGAAGCACAC TGCGACTCTT TTGGAATTCG GGGACATCAA GAATGGACAA ACAACAACCG CTATGGCCAA GACTGTTGGG ATCCCTGCAG CCATTGGAGC TCTGCTGTTA ATTGAAGACA AGATCAAGAC AAGAGGAGTC TTAAGGCCTC TCGAAGCAGA GGTGTATTTG CCAGCTTTGG 120 180 240 300 360 372 120 180 165 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 ATATATTGCA AGCATATGGT ATAAAGCTGA TGGAGAAGGC AGAATGATCA AAGAACTCTG 240 TATATTGTTT CTNTCTATAA CTTGGAGTTG GAGACAAAGC TGAAGGAGNC AGNGCCATTA 300 GACCAGCAAA AAAAGGAGGA GGA 323 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:104: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 123 amino acids TYPE: amino acid (ii) (xi) Ile Gly Lys STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear MOLECULE TYPE: protein SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ Val Gin Gin Glu Asn Glu Ile ID NO:10 Lys Glu 4: Lys Pro Glu Arg Val Xaa Ser Ser Gin Met Thr Lys Arg Pro Ala Gin Trp Tyr Gly Val Leu Leu Gly Ala Gly Asp Phe Leu Ala Val Arg Thr Lys Thr Tyr Gly Ala Asp Ser Val His Glu Glu Lys Thr Asp Val Ile Val Val Ala 70 Leu Tyr Leu Lys 75 Asp Ala Lys Glu Thr Glu Gly Ile Asp Val Glu Ala Val Gin Arg Leu Asp Val Ser Asp Leu Ser Ser Glu Ser Leu 100 Lys Tyr Val Val Asp Val Leu Leu Pro Ala Ser Cys His Ala Cys Cys Ser 115 120 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:105: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 74 amino acids TYPE: amino acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:105: Lys His Thr 1 Ala Thr Leu Leu Glu Phe Gly Asp Ile Lys Asn Gly Gin 5 10 166 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 Thr Thr Thr Ala Met Ala Lys Thr Val Gly Ile Pro Ala Ala Ile Gly 25 Ala Leu Leu Leu Ile Glu Asp Lys Ile Lys Thr Arg Gly Val Leu Arg 40 Pro Leu Glu Ala Glu Val Tyr Leu Pro Ala Leu Asp Ile Leu Gin Ala 55 Tyr Gly Ile Lys Leu Met Glu Lys Ala Glu INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:106: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 25 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:106: ATTCCCCATG GTTTCGCCGA CGAAT INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:107: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 29 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:107: CTCTCGGTAC CTAGTACCTA CTGATCAAC 29 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:108: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 24 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:108: AGAGAAGCCT GAAATGACGA AAAA 24 167 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:109: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 24 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:109: GTCTTGGCCA TAGCGGTTGT TGTT INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:110: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 8160 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: double TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (qenomic) PCTIUS98/06051 (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:ll0: TCTAGATGCA CATTCAACTC GAGGTTGTTG CATGATGTTT

GTCAAATTAT

ACATGCACAA

AGAAAAATGT

ACTTTGTAGC

CAATGCCCAG

TTAAAAGAAA

GCGATATCGA

TTGAAATAGT

TGAATCGTAT

GGCCATACTA

TAAATTGAAG

TTGGGCCAAA

TACTAAAACG

TACGTAACCC

GTAGAGAACA

GTAAGCAAAT

CGTTAAAAAA

ATGAAAAAAA

CTCGTTGAGG

AACTTGTTCC

ACCTAATAAA

TGAACTGATA

TTATTGGGTA

GTCTGCCCAC

TTGTTCGTAC

AAGCTTGTTC

TTAAGACAAC

GTGCGTTTCA

AACATATTAA

CGGAAAGTGG

GATATTACAG

AATAGCAGAA

AAGAGATGGG

AATCTCTTCT

CAGGCCATCT

TTAAACAAAA

CCAAAACAAT

AGGCCCATAG

CGCGGCCCAT

ACACTGATTT

TCATTCTTCT

AACTCAAGCC

TCCAAGAATC

AGAGTTAATA

TAACTGGTAA

AAAAGTTTTA

AAAAGAAAGA

TGTAAAAAGC

CGCATCTCGA

CCAATTAACT

GAAAAGCCGT

GTTCAAGTTT

ATATTTCATA

GCATCCTCTG

TGAAGTCACC

TTGGGTTACA

CACTCTCTGC

TATTAATATC

ATGTTAAAAA

GCGTCGTCAT

CATTTACCAA

CTAGAGAGTT

AGAAAAGTTC

AAAAGGATAG

CTTTTGTGCC

ACGTCTATTT

CAACGAAATC

CACTTTCAAA

AGAAGAACAC

TTGGTAGCAT

TTTGTGCACT

AATGCCAAGG

AAATAATACT

CCTAACTTGA

AAGTCTCAGA

CGAGGATATA

AAAAATCATA

TCAGATTTAC

TTTATTTGTG

GACCACTGTT

ATTGCAAAGT

AATTAAACTT

TAAGCTTGCA

TTGTTTTTTC

TTGTCGAGGT

AATCGTTTTA

CCTTAATTCC

CAAAAGGAAC

TGGGAATTTT

AATCATCATA

AGAGAGAGAC

GTAGCTACGT

120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600 660 720 780 840 900 960 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE WO 98/4283 1

GAGCAAACGT

ATTGGATTGA

CCTTTCTTGT

TTTCATTATT

GCTCACGTTG

GTTTCGGAGC

AAAGAGCTTA

TTTTTTGACA

GCTGATTACA

AATATTATAT

CGTAATTTAG

ATTCCAAAGA

TGATCAAACT

TGCAAATTTG

TAATTTGCAT

TTTCAATTAA

TGTTCGATTT

TCGAAATATG

ATCTGCAGAG

AGAAGTTGGG

GAACACCATT

GCATTTCCCG

AAGATGTTGG

AACAACCTGA

ATCAGTTTAT

CGCTTTCTTT

ATTACACTTT

GGGTATCCAA

TGGGGATCAT

CTTCACTCAT

TCCTCCCTCG

TTTTTCTTTC

ATTGTCTATG

TTCTCGTGTA

ATATCCATTA

ATTAAGTTAT

GATCATTATT

GATCATTATT

TATATTAATT

CTTATAAAAA

AAAAAAAAAG

CATCAGGTAC

GAGAGCGCTT

TCCTCTCTTC

TCGCTCGAGC

TCAACAGTTT

AAATGTTTGT

ATTATATGTT

GAATGGAGTT

GACGCCATCG

CATTGTGGTT

GTGTGAAATT

GGTGTGGGAA

GAGATTTGAT

TCACATACTC

TCATTTATCC

TTGCAGATTC

GGGAAACGAT

CTCTGTCTAT

GTCCTATCCA

TTTAAATAGT

GCATTATATA

TACAACAAAC

TGTGAAAGCC

GTTCTGTTTC

AACAAAAATG

AACAAAAAGA

TAATCTTTCG

GGACGGAAAG

CTTGTATTTT

GTTTTGATTC

TAGCTAAATC

CTCTCTGCTC

AAAAGCTATT

CACATTAAAG

GAATCTATTC

TTTACATGAA

GTGGGGATTC

CATTGCGCTC

CAGCCATCTG

TCTGATGATT

TTTGCATTAA

TCTGTTTGCA

ATAAGGCACA

TTTTAGTCCT

TTTCTGAGAG

TATTGGCGTT

TTCTCTTCGA

AGTATCCATC

AAAAATACTT

CTATATATAT

TTAATTAATG

ACATTAAGTT

AAATAAAAAT

ATTACCTGAA

ATTCTTGTCA

CTAACACGCC

AGATTATTAC

TTCTTGACAA

CTTCTTCCAT

ACTGCCTTCA

TGTTCTGTTC

TCTCAACTCG

TTTGGGTTTT

CAGGGTGTTT

AGATGAATTC

TAGCTGAAAC

GCCTTTTACA

CTAAGCGTAT

TGTCTGATTG

AAAGAGTTCC

GCTAGAAATG

GAAAGAGAAC

ATCTAAGATA

AGTGACTTTG

TGGTAAATAT

ATACACGTAA

CACGTAAACA

ATTTCATTTG

TATTTCTACA

TCTCTCTATT

ATAACTAAAA

GAACACGAGG

GAAAGGGGAA

CATCATTCAT

CACAATATAT

TGCGCCTAAA

ACCAGCTCAC

AATTTTCCCA

TTTTTTCACT

TGTTCTGTTC

TTAAATTTCT

TGATGTTTGG

AAAATAAGGG

AAATGGCCAT

AGTTAACAAA

CGGTGGGAAA

CCATCATGAT

TGGGCTTATA

TTTTTTTCTT

ATTCTTCCAG

ATGCCTTTGT

CTGAGGAATG

TGTGATTATG

GCAGGCAGAG

PCT/US98/06051 TACATTTTCG 1020 AGAGCTTGTT 1080 TTTCGTTTGA 1140 ACATTGGCTG 1200 GCATTAGATA 1260 GTAGTTTTCG 1320 GATTTTTTTT 1380 AATAATTATA 1440 TATAACAAGA 1500 TAATCATATA 1560 AAACTCACTA 1620 AGGCATTGCA 1680 TCTTGAGGAA 1740 TTGGATTTAA 1800 TGATTTGAGT 1860 GTTCCCAGTT 1920 TTGATGAAAC 1980 TTTGTTGTTC 2040 GAGGAGGAGA 2100 TGGGAGAGAC 2160 GACAGAACCG 2220 GCCTTGTATG 2280 CTTGGAATCA 2340 OTATATATAT 2400 AGAGAGCATA 2460 TGGATAAAGT 2520 TTGACAAAAG 2580 AGCTCATTGT 2640 CTGGTCTTGT 2700 169 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 WO 9842831PCTIUS98/06051

TGACTTCTTA

TGTTTCTGTG

CTAGGATACT

GCTGCAAAAG

GGAATCTGCC

ACTGCGAGTT

CAGTTTCTCT

GCAAACTTCC

GTTTTGAAGA

TTCAACAAAG

ACACAAAGAT

GTGACTTTTG

TTAGGCCGAC

GCCATATACG

TTACATATAA

CCAGTGTGTA

TCCCTGTCTT

AGGCATATGT

TTTAATCGAT

TCTACGTTTA

AACAATTCAT

TTACCCACAG

AAATCTrAAAG

CAGCATTTTG

TCAGATCTAC

TTGTATGAGT

TTACTTCATC

TAACTGCAGA

CAACATATTG

CACGGACTTG

CAGAACAAGA

CAACACCTTT

CCGCTGTAAT

CTCTTGTATT

CTTTGAATCC

GGGGGCGCAA

TGAACTATTT

TTCTGAAATG

CGAGTCTATC

CCATCAAAGT

TTCCACTACG

TATTATGCAC

TCTGTTCTTG

GCAAATCCTC

ACCCCTATGA

CTGAGCACAA

GATATAACTT

TCCCCTTTCT

CTATGATGAA

ACTACGATGA

AATTTGCAAA

TTAAAAACCT

GAGATATTCT

CAGCACATCT

ATATTCCACG

TGAAATATTT

GAGGCACAAG

GTTAGTTTTG

GACAGCGTAA

TGAGATGTAA

CCTCTCGCTC

TTCTGTTGGT

TGTCTTCACC

TTCTGCATAT

GAAATTTTCA

GTAAAAGTAA

TATATTTCTC

AAGTATATGG

CATTCGACAA

CTAAAGTAGA

ACCCGGAACA

GTAGATCCTG

TGTCCACTCC

CTTTCTGTGC

AACAGCTTCA

GTGACATCGG

TCAGGTAATA

ACTCGTCGAG

CATGGATGGG

AGAGGTATGT

TGTATTGAGT

TTCCGGATTT

GAAGAGGGCT

TATGAGGAAG

AGGCCTCTTC

ATAATATTAT

ATGAAGAAAG

GCTCATGTTA

TTTTCCATGT

GGTGCATCGT

GAAGAAATTG

GGAACAGGAA

GTTTCATCTC

AGCTTCTTCC

GTCACGCTTT

ACAGGACAAA

TTGTATTATT

AGTAACACTT

ATACCTATTA

TTACAATCCA

ATCACTGTTT

GTGACTGTGA

AGTAAACTGT

AGATTTAACA

TGGCTCCATT

TATACTTAGG

CTAAACACTA

GATGGCGTAC

ATGAAGGTTA

GGGAGTTCTT

GTCGGTAGTT

TGCATAAGCT

TCAAATCCAG

TCTAAACTAT

CGCCAACGGG

TATATATAAC

TAATTCTGAT

TTGATGCAGG

ATATGTATTC

CAAGCCAGGG

ATGGTATCTT

ATTAAAAAAT

TCACACTTTT

GCTTTTTATT

GGAATTAGTC

ACCAGCCAAG

ACCTTCTTAG

ATTCTTCAAG

GTTTTCCACG

TACCTTTAAA

CCATCTCATT

ATGTACTGGG

AAAAAAGGAC

GAATTTGTTA

AAGAGCTTTC

TCTCTAGGTT

TATGCATGGC

CAGTTATAGT

GTGTCCTGAA

TGGCTTCAAT

ATAGGGGAGA

AGTATGTTCT

GTTTTCATCT

GTTTCCAGCC

TAGTTTCCGA

GATCAGGACA

ATATCTAAGT

CTCATTGGCT

ACTGCCATTA

CTTTAGTTCT

TTCTCATCCG

GTTGAACCAA

TGGTTTCAGA

AAAATGGGAT

ACATGGTTGA

CTCCTTGGCT

CTTATGATGT

AAAAGATATC

GCTCAAGAGT

TTGGTTAGTT

AGAAGAGGTT

TCCCACTAGT

ACCGAGCTAC

TTTTGAGTCA

TAATCCCTCG

TGTTGACATT

ACTTAAGATT

AAAGGCATCC

GACTGAAATT

ATTGACATCT

GCTTCGAGCG

TTACCCACTT

AGAGAACATT

ATCATATGAT

2760 2820 2880 2940 3000 3060 3120 3180 3240 3300 3360 3420 3480 3540 3600 3660 3720 3780 3840 3900 3960 4020 4080 4140 4200 4260 4320 4380 4440 170 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 WO 9842831PCT/US98/06051 TTAAGCTAAT GAATTAAGAA AATATATAGT TCAAGACTTA TGATTCATAT CTCTATCAAC

TTTTTGACCA

TTGAGACAAA

ACGAAGCTCT

TGGGGCAGAG

AAACCTAATC

TGTCCTTTTC

CATTCTGGCC

GTAGGTTGGT

AGCTAATCCA

GATTGGTAAA

AGGCGTTTTG

AGTTAGAACC

GAAAACAGAT

AGAAGCCTTT

AGTTTTACTG

TTCGGCTAGA

AACTTCTCTG

TATTTTTTTT

ATGCTGTTGT

GTGAAGTTAT

ACATTCTTTC

GCTGAAGAAG

GAAGGCTAAG

TATGATATCT

GCATTTATCT

AGATCACATG

GTCTTTTACC

ATATAAATTT

AAGATTGATA

TCATTTGTAG

TGATATGATC

CGCTGATGCT

ATTCACATGG

ACTAAGTCTC

CCACATTAAC

GCGGATGATA

AATGAAGATT

GTCCAGCAAG

ATTCTTGGTG

ATTTCGTCAC

GTTCATGTGA

G GG CT TCAT C

ATGATCAAAT

TGTATCTGAT

TTCTTAGATC

TCATTGCACG

AGCAAAGACA

GAAATTTGCA

AGTAGTTTCC

CATCTCGTCA

AGTGCTGGGA

CACAACATAG

TCAAAATATT

ATGGCGATGA

TCTTATTGTG

AGGTACGGTA

CTTTTTCGAC

GTATCTCTGA

GAAGCGGCTG

GAATCGTACT

AACAACTGTC

GTAAGTTTTT

CTATTCCCAC

AGAGAGTATT

ATATATCCCC

AAAATGAGAT

CTGGACGTGT

AGCAATGGTA

TTGTCGCGTC

TGAGTAATTC

TTTCCGCAGA

AGTGAAAGTC

ACCTTTACTT

CAGGTTGATG

TGCATTGAGG

AATGTTATTC

GGTTCCTAAA

CTGCTAGCTA

TAACGATTCT

TATCTCTTAA

TCCCGGATAA

AAATGATCAA

GAGGGCTTCC

GTCCTTTACG

ATCTGTCACA

GCGGACACCT

GTGGCTCATT

CAGAACTTGA

AAGAGTTTTT

AAAACAAGTA

TTGTTAAAGA

GGATCAAATC

ACATAGAGAA

AAAAGAGAAG

GTGTCGCCCA

CAAAACATAT

TCTGTATCTT

AGTGTATACG

CGGTTGAAGG

TCCTTAAGTA

CAAACTCCAC

TTGTCCTAAG

TAAATTCCTA

GACATAGAGG

TGTCTCTGTT

TGTTGATGAT

AGGCGAAATG

GATCATTTGT

CTGAGAAGGT

CGATGCTCAT

CTCTCCTGCT

CCATTAACAT

GCATTTTGTG

ATTTGATAAG

TCATTTGGCT

AGTAAGTTTC

AATGTCACGT

AACAAACTAC

ACCCATCTTG

ATTGATTCAT

GCAAATAAGA

CCTGAAATGA

GCTGCTGATT

TTCGGAGCAG

AAGGATGCCA

ATGAACTATC

TATTTCAGAT

TGTTTCTCAG

TGTTCAAATC

TTTATTACCT

ACGTTTAATG

TTAAACTTCC

TCTTCTTTCT

GAAACGTCCA

GGACTGGACC

TCACTTGATT

GATCCTACAA

ATCAAAAAAG

GCAGCAAATA

ATTTTGTTTT

ATGATTTTGA

TTTCTGATAA

AAATGTGAAC

TTTCTGGATA

TTAGGTTCAA

AAGCCAAAA\

CATTATCTTG

TAACTCGGTT

TCTCACTGAA

CGAAAAAATC

TCCTAGCTTC

ACTCTGAAGA

AAGAGGTAGG

AATCTTTTAA

GTAGAAGCAG

GTATTTTCCT

CATGATCTTA

GCAAGTTGTC

CGTTTTCCGA

TCTGCATAAC

GATTCACTCA

TGTTACATGA

CTGGAATCGG

TAACTTAAGT

TGAATCTTTC

GGAAAGTGAA

ATCCATTAGC

GTTTAACTCA

4500 4560 4620 4680 4740 4800 4860 4920 4980 5040 5100 5160 5220 5280 5340 5400 5460 5520 5580 5640 5700 5760 5820 5880 5940 6000 6060 6120 6180 SUBSTITIUTE SHEET (RULE WO 98/42831

TTTAGACATC

CCTGCTGGAG

ATACATGTTG

TAGCTTCACT

TATGATTCCG

CCAAATCGTG

ATATTTCGTG

CTTCTCCATA

ATAATGGCAA

ACTGGAAAGA

AATGAATCAG

CATTCCAAGG

TATATAATCT

CTTTTGTGGT

AAAAGCGTAT

GAACAGGTCT

ACTTACTGAC

GCATCACGAA

TCTTTTGGAA

TGGGATCCCT

CTGTCTATAT

AGCTGTTAAT

TGTATTTGCC

ATGATGTTGA

TTGCAAGCAT

TGTTTCTCTC

GCAAAAAAAG

TGTTTATATG

ATGTCAGATG

CTTTCAGAAT

CAATTCGAGC

ATGGTATGAA

ACACATCATT

CGGCAAGATT

AC TCC T TGGT

GAACACTCAG

TCTGAAGGCT

CACTTTCGAA

GGATTACGTT

AGCCCCTAGC

AGACTGCAGC

GAATGTTGCA

GTCTTAGATT

TTGATGCAAC

CTGTTTCATG

ATAAACTTTG

GTAGAAGTGG

TTCGGGGACA

GCAGCCATTG

TTCTCTAAAA

TGAAGACAAG

AGGTAAATTA

TTTGTTGTGT

ATGGTATAAA

TATAACTTGG

AAGAAGAAGG

TACTATATGT

TCTAGTAAGT

TTCGCTTACT

TGGTCAAAAC

AAACAAAATA

TTTGTTTAAC

CCGAGTACCT

TTACGGGGAA

ATATGAAGGC

TAACACTTGT

ACTTGGATTC

TGGTGCTCTT

GGGAGAAGAA

CAAAGCTGCC

GTGTGATTCC

CTTGGGGTTC

TTGTTACCTA

TGAAAGCATT

GACAATCTTT

AATTCCTTGA

TCAAGAATGG

GAGCTCTGGT

TGAAAGTTTT

ATCAAGACAA

GAATTCCGCT

GTTTGGGATA

GCTGATGGAG

AGTTGGAGAC

AAGAAGATAA

TATGTTGTAC

GATCATGTGT

CAATTACATC

CCCGCCAAAT

TGTCTACATG

CGAGCAATGT

AATCTTCCAG

CATTATGGCA

ATGAATTCCA

TTTCTTTTGG

TTTGACAGTG

TTAAGTAACA

GAGATAAGCA

AAAACAATTG

AATTCTTCTA

AACGAAGAGA

ATGGAAGAGA

AGTTTTCTTC

TGCATTATGT

AAGCAAACGT

GCAAACAACA

CCTTACTAAG

AAGCGTTTGT

GAGGAGTCTT

TCAAAAGGAT

TGTGGTGTTA

AAGGCAGAAT

AAAGCTGAAG

GCCTCGATCC

AGAAGAAGTC

AGCATACAAA

TCGGTATTTT

ACAAAAGCAA

CAGGAGAGGT

AAATCGCAGG

CTTTTGCATT

TCGAGAGCGA

TAATCACAAC

CTTGTACAGG

AAGCAAATCA

TTCTAAATAA

AGAGAATTAT

TGTAAGCTTC

CGAAACTCCT

GGGAGGTTCC

AACTAGCTTA

TCTCACTTGT

TTTCAGGACA

ATAGAGAAGC

ACCGCTATGG

ACTTTGATCA

TTTATGATGT

AAGGCCTTTC

GTGTGTTGCA

TACATACAGC

GATCAAAGAA

AAGACAGAGA

TTGGGTGACG

GTGTCCACAA

CTGGAGTAAT

PCTIUS98/06051 CAGCTGGAAC 6240 CGGCGACATA 6300 TGGAGTAGTT 6360 GAAGAATCTC 6420 GGAGTGTCTT 6480 AGCAACAACG 6540 TCACGACTCA 6600 GTTTAGTATG 6660 AGTACTCTCC 6720 GGATGCCGAC 6780 CAAGCTTGGA 6840 TCCATGAAGA 6900 AACCCCAATT 6960 ATCACTGTGT 7020 TTCCGGAAAT 7080 ATTTGGTGTT 7140 TGGTGCTTTT 7200 ACACTGCGAC 7260 CCAAGACTGT 7320 CCACTTTTTC 7380 TGTGTGTTGC 7440 GAAGCAGAGG 7500 GATAAAGACA 7560 TTTGGATATA 7620 CTCTGTATAT 7680 CATTAGACCA 7740 AGTATCTATA 7800 ATATCAATTG 7860 TTAAAAAGTG 7920 172 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 AATAAACAAA AATAATTACT AAACGTTATT CCAAGTAGCT TTCCAAGACA GTCACTTGCC 7980 CTTTTCCAAT TTCCCTTGCA ATTAACTAAA TTGCTCTTCA CGATATGATA TTATACCAAA 8040 ATGGTGATAC CTTGGGAATT GTTAATTTGA CTCATTTGAA CAAATCTCAT CTATAAAATC 8100 ATCCCACCTC TCCACCACAT TTGTTCTCAC TACCAATCAA AAAATAATCT AGTCTTAAAC 8160 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:111: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 3194 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: double TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) (xi) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (qenoinic) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:111: ATGAATTCAA ATGGCCATGA GGAGGAGAAG AAGTTGGGGA

TCTGAAACAG

CTTTTACACG

AAGCGTATCC

TCTGATTGTG

AGAGCATACG

GATAAAATTC

GGGAAACGAT

CACGGACTTG

GCATCGTATA

GAAATTGCAA

ACAGGAAATG

GAACCAAGCA

TCAACAAAGC

CACAAAGATC

AATCCAGTTT

TGGGAGAAGA

GGACTCCCAC

GTTAACCGAG

TTAACAAATG

GTGGGAAAGA

ATCATGATGC

GGCTTATACT

CTTTCTTTTC

TTTCTGAGAG

TATTGGCGTT

GACAGCGATA

TGTATTCCTC

GCCAGGGACT

TTTCTCTGGG

AACTTCCTGA.

GAGTCTATCA

CATCAAAGTC

TCCACGAAAA

GGTTTCCCTG

TAGTAGGCAT

CTACTTTAAT

GGAGAGACGA

CAGAACCGGC

CTTGTATGAA

TGGAATCAAA

ACATACTCAT

AGTGACTTTG

TGGTAAATAT

TCTAAGTCTA

ATTGGCTGCT

GCCATTAGGA

GGCGCAAGAA

ACTATTTGTA

AGTATATGGT

ATTCGACAAA

GATATCGCCA

T CT TCT GAG C

ATGTGATATA

CGATTCCCCT

ACACCATTGA

ATTTCCCGCA

CATGTTGGGT

CAACCTGAGC

AAGGCACAGA

TGTGATTATG

GCAGGCAGAG

GGATACTCAA

GCAAAAGCCG

ATCTGCCCTC

ATTTTCAAGC

AAAGACAAAG

TG TAT TAT TA

GCCGACTATT

TATACGTCTG

ACAAAACAGC

ACTTGTGACA

TTCTTCAGGT

ATGGAGTTGT

CGCCATCGCA

TTGTGGTTCA

GTGAAATTTC

TAGAAATGAT

AAGAGAACAT

AGCTCATTGT

CTGGTCTTGT

CACCTTTCCT

CTGTAATTTC

TTGTATTTGT

TTCTTCCTCA

GAATTAGTCA

CCAGCCAAGA

ATGCACACCC

TTCTTGTAAA

TTCAAGATTT

TCGGTGGCTC

TTAATCCCTC

GGGGATTCTA

TTGCGCTCGC

GCCATCTGCT

TGATGATTTG

TCTTCCAGAG

GCCTTTGTTG

TGGGGATCAT

TGACTTCTTA

CTCGCTCGGT

TGTTGGTGAA

CTTCACCGGA

CACTTTTGTT

AAATGGGATT

CATGGTTGAA

GGAACATTAC

CTGTATGTAC

AACAAAAAAA

CATTGAATTT

GAACAATTCA

120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600 660 720 780 840 900 960 1020 1080 1140 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE WO 98/42831

TACTACGATG

GAATTTGCAA

TTGGCTTCAA

TATAGGGGAG

GAAGAGGCAC

TTGGTATCTC

ATCGAAGCGG

GCTGAATCGT

ATTGATTCAT

GCAAATAAGA

CCTGAAATGA

GCTGCTGATT

TTCGGAGCAG

AAGGATGCCA

TCTGATAGTG

CCTGCAAGTT

ACTGCTAGCT

ATAACGATTC

ATGATCAACG

GGGCTTCCCT

GCTGGAGCAA

CATGTTGATG

GCTTTTGCAT

ATCGAGAGCG

ATAATGGCAA

ACTGGAAAGA

AATGAATCAG

CATTCCAAGG

GAGAGGGAGG

ACATGGATGG

AAGAGGCATC

TGACTGAAAT

AATTGACATC

AAGATAATAT

TGAGCGGACA

CTGGTGGCTC

ACTCAGAACT

TAACTCGGTT

TCTCACTGAA

CGAAAAAATC

TCCTAGCTTC

ACTCTGAAGA

AAGAGACGGT

AAAGTCTCCT

GTCATGCTGT

ATGTTGATGA

TAGGCGAAAT

ATGCTCATAT

CTCCTGCTGC

TTCGAGCTGG

GGAAGAATCT

TGGAGTGTTT

AAGCAACAAC

CACTTTCGAA

GGATTACGTT

AGCCCCTAGC

AGACTGCAGC

TTCCATCACT

GGATGGCGTA

CCAGCATTTT

TTCAGATCTA

TTTGTATGAG

TATCGCCAAC

CCTATTTGAT

ATTTCATTTG

TGAAGTTGGT

AGCTAATCCA

GATTGGTAAA

AGGTGTTTTG

AGTTAGAACC

GAAAACAGAT

TGAAGGTATT

TAAGTATGTT

TGTAGCAAAG

TGAAACGTCC

GGGACTGGAC

CAAAAAAGGG

AGCAAATAAT

TCAAAACCCC

CTATGATTCC

TCCAAATCGT

GATATTTCGT

ACT TGGATTC

TGGTGCTCTT

GGGAGAAGAA

CAAAGCTGCC

GTGTAAAAGC

CTATGCATGG

GGAGATATTC

CCAGCACATC

TATATTCCAC

GGGGTTTCCA

AAGTTTCTGA

GCTAAATGTG

GCGGATGATA

AATGAAGATT

GTCCAGCAAG

ATTCTTGGTG

ATTTCGTCAC

GTTCATGTGA

TCAGATGTAG

TCTCAGGTTG

ACATGCATTG

ATGTTACATG

CCTGGAATCG

AAAGTGAAGT

CCATTAGCAT

GCCAAATACA

GCGGCAAGAT

GACTCCTTGG

GGAACACTCA

TTTGACAGTG

TTAAGTAACA

GAGATAAGCA

AAAACAATTG

GTATTTGATG

CTGTTGACAT

TTTCCGGATT

TGAAGAGGGC

GTATGAGGAA

GCCAGAGAAC

TAAACGAAGC

AACTGGGGCA

AGAGAGTATT

ATATATCCCC

AAAATGAGAT

CTGGACGTGT

AGCAATGGTA

TTGTCGCGTC

AAGCAGTTCG

ATGTTGTCCT

AGCTGAAGAA

AGAAGGCTAA

ATCACATGAT

CTTTTACCTC

ATAAATTTAG

AAAGCAACGG

TCCGAGTACC

TTTACGGGGA

GATATGAAGG

AAGCAAATCA

TTCTAAATAA

AGAGAATTAT

TATTCTTGGG

CAACTTGTTA

PCTIUS98/06051 TTTACCCACA 1200 TGTCGGTAGT 1260 TTGCATAAGC 1320 GTCAAATCCA 1380 ATTCAACATA 1440 TCTTGATATG 1500 GAGCGCTGAT 1560 GGATCAAATC 1620 ACATAGAGAA 1680 AAAAGAGAAG 1740 GTGTCGCCCA 1800 CAAAACATAT 1860 TCTGTATCTT 1920 GCTAGATGTA 1980 AAGTTTATTA 2040 GCATCTCGTC 2100 GAGTGCTGGG 2160 GGCGATGAAA 2220 TTATTGTGGA 2280 CTGGAACCCT 2340 CGACATAATA 2400 TAATCTTCCA 2460 ACATTATGGC 2520 GTTTAGTATG 2580 AGTACTCTCC 2640 GGATGCAGAC 2700 CAAGCTTGGA 2760 GTTCAACGAA 2820 CCTAATGGAA 2880 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/4283 1

GAGAAACTAG

GTGGAATTCC

GACATCAAGA

ATTGGAGCTC

GAAGCAGAGG

GAGAAGGCAG

CTTATTCCGG

TTGAAAGCAA

ATGGACAAAC

TGGTGTTAAT

TGTATTTGCC

AATGA

AAATGAACAG

ACGTATAGAG

AACAACCGCT

TGAAGACAAG

AGCTTTGGAT

PCT/US98/06051 GACATGGTGC TTTTGCATCA CGAAGTAGAA 2940 AAGCACACTG CGACTCTTTT GGAATTCGGG 3000 ATGGCCAAGA CTGTTGGGAT CCCTGCAGCC 3060 ATCAAGACAA GAGGAGTCTT AAGGCCTCTC 3120 ATATTGCAAG CATATGGTAT AAAGCTGATG 3180 3195 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:112: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 1064 amino acids TYPE: amino acid STRANDEDNESS: single (ii) (xi) Asn Ser TOPOLOGY: linear MOLECULE TYPE: protein SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: Asn Gly His Giu Glu Giu SEQ ID NO:112: Met 1 Lys 10 Lys Lys Leu Gly Asn Gly Val Thr Pro Val Gly Ile Leu Leu Thr Pro Ser Ser Glu Thr Val Asn 25 Leu Trp Giu Arg Arg His Cys Ala Arg 40 Leu His Giy Gly Lys Asp Arg Thr Gly Ile Ser Arg Ile Val Gin Pro Ser Lys Arg Ile His His Asp Ala Leu Tyr Giu 70 His Val Gly Cys Ile Ser Asp Asp Leu Ser Asp Cys Gly Leu Arq Ile Leu Gly Ile Gin Pro Glu Leu Giu Met Ile Leu Pro Gin Lys Glu 115 Thr Leu Cys Ala Tyr Ala Phe 105 Phe Ser His Thr His Lys Ala 110 Giu Arg Val Asn Met Pro Leu Leu 120 Ile Asp Lys Ile Leu Ser 125 Gly Asp Tyr Giu 130 Leu Ala 145 Leu 135 Val Gly Asp Lys Arg Leu Phe Gly Lys Ala Gly Arg Ala Gly 155 Leu Val Asp Phe His Gly Leu Gly Gin Arg Tyr Leu Ser Leu Gly Tyr Ser Thr Pro Phe 175 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE WO 98/42831 Leu Ser Ala Ala Leu Gly 210 Ser Leu 225 Glu Pro Gln Asn Ile Thr Asp Lys 290 His Glu 305 Trp Glu Leu Thr Asp Ile Ser Pro 370 Met Asp 385 Glu Phe Phe Val His Leu Tyr Glu 450 Leu Val 195 Ile Gly Ser Gly Ser 275 Ala Lys Lys Lys Gly 355 Phe Gly Ala Gly Lys 435 Tyr Gly 180 Ile Cys Ala Lys Ile 260 Gin Asp Ile Arg Lys 340 Gly Phe Asp Lys Ser 420 Arg Ile Ala Ser Pro Gin Leu 245 Ser Asp Tyr Ser Phe 325 Gly Ser Arg Gly Glu 405 Leu Ala Pro Ser Val Leu Glu 230 Pro Thr Met Tyr Pro 310 Pro Leu Ile Phe Val 390 Ala Ala Cys Arg Tyr Gly Val 215 Ile Glu Lys Val Ala 295 Tyr Cys Pro Glu Asn 375 Leu Ser Ser Ile Met 455 Met Glu 200 Phe Phe Leu Arg Glu 280 His Thr Leu Leu Phe 360 Pro Cys Gin Met Ser 440 Arg Tyr 185 Glu Val Lys Phe Val 265 His Pro Ser Leu Val 345 Val Ser Met His Thr 425 Tyr Lys Ser Ile Phe Leu Val 250 Tyr Lys Glu Val Ser 330 Gly Asn Asn Ala Phe 410 Glu Arg Ser Ser Ala Thr Leu 235 Lys Gin Asp His Leu 315 Thr Ile Arg Asn Val 395 Gly Ile Gly Asn Gin 475 Leu Ser Gly 220 Pro Asp Val Pro Tyr 300 Val Lys Cys Ala Ser 380 Asp Asp Ser Glu Pro 460 Ala Gin 205 Thr His Lys Tyr Ser 285 Asn Asn Gin Asp Thr 365 Tyr Ile Ile Asp Leu 445 Glu Ala 190 Gly Gly Thr Gly Gly 270 Lys Pro Cys Leu Ile 350 Leu Tyr Leu Leu Leu 430 Thr Glu PCT/US98/06051 Ala Lys Leu Pro Asn Val Phe Val 240 Ile Ser 255 Cys Ile Ser Phe Val Phe Met Tyr 320 Gin Asp 335 Thr Cys Ile Asp Asp Asp Pro Thr 400 Ser Gly 415 Pro Ala Ser Leu Ala Gin Asp 465 Asn Ile Ile Ala Gly Val Ser Ser Arg Thr Phe Asn 176 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/4283 1 Leu Val Ala Leu Cys Glu Val Gly 530 Thr Arg 545 Ala Asn Ile Lys Gly Ala Arq Thr 610 Ser Glu 625 Lys Asp Arg Leu Val Asp Ala Lys 690 Val Asp 705 Ile Thr Met Ala Lys Ser Ser Asp Leu 515 Ala Leu Lys Glu Gly 595 I le Glu Al a Asp Val1 675 Thr Asp Ile Met Phe 755 Leu Met 500 Gly Asp Ala Ile Lys 580 Arg Ser Lys Lys Val1 660 Vai Cys Giu Leu Lys 740 Thr Ser 485 Ile Gin Asp Asn Ser 565 Pro Val1 Ser Thr Giu 645 Ser Leu Ile Thr Gly 725 Met Ser Gly Giu Ser Lys Pro 550 Leu Glu Cys Gin Asp 630 Thr Asp Ser Glu Ser 710 Glu Ile Tyr His Ala Ala Arg 535 Asn Lys Met Arg Gin 615 Val Vai Ser Leu Leu 695 Met Met Asn Cys Lys 775 Leu Ala Asp 520 Vai Giu Ile Thr Pro 600 Trp His Giu Glu Leu 680 Lys Leu Gly Asp Gly 760 Phe Gly 505 Ala Leu Asp Giy Lys 585 Ala Tyr Vai Gly Ser 665 Pro Lys His Leu Ala 745 Gly Asp 490 Gly Glu Asp Tyr Lys 570 Lys Al a Lys I le Ile 650 Leu Al a His Glu Asp 730 His Leu Lys Ser Ser Gin Ile 555 Vai Ser Asp Thr Vai 635 Ser Leu Ser Leu Lys 715 Pro Ile Pro Leu His Ser 525 Ile Pro Gin Val1 Leu 605 Phe Ser Val Tyr His 685 Thr Lys Ile Lys Pro 765 Ile Leu 510 Giu Asp His Glu Leu 590 Al a Giy Leu Giu Vai 670 Ala Al a Ser Asp Gly 750 Ala PCTIUS98/06051 Asn Giu 495 Ala Lys Leu Glu Ser Leu Arg Giu 560 Asn Glu 575 Ile Leu Ser Val Ala Asp Tyr Leu 640 Ala Val 655 Ser Gin Val Val Ser Tyr Ala Gly 720 His Met 735 Lys Val Ala Ala Asn Asn 770 Pro Leu Ala Tyr Phe Ser Trp Asn Pro Ala Gly Ala Ile 177 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE WO 98/42831 Arg Ala Gly 785 His Val Asp Pro Asn Leu Leu Val Tyr 835 Phe Arg Gly 850 Leu Ser Lys 865 Thr Gly Lys Lys Asp Ala Ser Lys Arg 915 Ala Ala Lys 930 Pro Ser Leu 945 Glu Lys Leu His Glu Val Thr Ala Thr 995 Thr Ala Met 1010 Val Leu Ile 1025 Glu Ala Glu Gin Gly Pro 820 Gly Thr Leu Arg Asp 900 Ile Thr Cys Ala Glu 980 Leu Ala Glu Val Asn Lys 805 Ala Glu Leu Gly Ile 885 Asn Ile Ile Lys Tyr 965 Val Leu Lys Asp Tyr Pro Ala Lys Tyr 790 Asn Leu Tyr Asp Phe Ala Leu Glu 825 His Tyr Gly Ile 840 Arg Tyr Glu Gly 855 Phe Phe Asp Ser 870 Thr Phe Gly Ala Glu Ser Glu Pro 905 Lys Leu Gly His 920 Val Phe Leu Gly 935 Ser Val Phe Asp 950 Ser Gly Asn Glu Glu Phe Leu Glu 985 Glu Phe Gly Asp 1000 Thr Val Gly Ile 1015 Lys Ile Lys Thr 1030 Leu Pro Ala Leu Lys Ser 810 Cys Glu Phe Glu Leu 890 Leu Ser Phe Ala Gln 970 Ser Ile Pro Arg Ser 795 Ala Phe Ser Ser Ala 875 Leu Ala Lys Asn Thr 955 Asp Lys Lys Ala Asn Ala Pro Glu Met 860 Asn Ser Gly Glu Glu 940 Cys Met Arg Asn Ala Gly Asp Arg Phe Asn Arg 830 Ala Thr 845 Ile Met Gin Val Asn Ile Glu Glu 910 Thr Ala 925 Glu Arg Tyr Leu Val Leu Ile Glu 990 Gly Gin 1005 Ile Gly PCT/US98/06051 Ile Ile 800 Arg Val 815 Asp Ser Thr Ile Ala Thr Leu Ser 880 Leu Asn 895 Glu Ile Ala Lys Glu Val Met Glu 960 Leu His 975 Lys His Thr Thr Ala Leu Pro Leu 1040 1020 Gly Val Leu 1035 Arg Asp Ile Leu Gin Ala Tyr Gly 1045 1050 1055 Ile Lys Leu Met Glu Lys Ala Glu 1060 178 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:113: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 23 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:113: TTYTCICAYA CICAYAARGC ICA INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:114: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 20 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:114: TTYTCCCART ACATRCARTT INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:115: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 619 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: double TOPOLOGY: linear PCT/US98/06051

GAAAACATGC

TTAATTGTTG

GGAATGATCG

CCTTTCTTGT

GTGATTTCTG

TTTGTTTATT

TTCCTCATAC

AACCAAGGCA

ACATGGTTGA

(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:115: CTTTGCTGGA TAAGATTCTA GCTGAGAGGG CATCGTTATA GGGACACTGG GAAAAGGTTA CTTGCATTTG GAAAATTCGC ACTTTTTGCG CGGATTAGGA CAGCGGTTTT TAAGTCTTGG CACTTGGATC ATCTTACATG TACCCTTCCC TGGCTGCTGC TTGGTGAAAA ATTGCGACGC AGGGATTGCC ATTGGGGATT TACTGGTTCA GGAAATGTTT GTTCTGGTGC ACAGGAGATA CTTTGTTGAT CCATCTAAAC TACGCGACCT ACATAGAACG TGCTTCAAAA AGAGTTTTCC AAGTTTATGG TTGTGTTGTG ACCCAAAGAT CACGTGATAG TGTTTGACAA AGCAGACTAC

TGACTATGAA

TGGTAGGGCT

ATATTCAACA

TAAGGCTGCT

TGTCCCCTGG

TTTAAGCTTC

GACCCAGATC

ACTGCCCAAG

TATGCACATC

120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 CTGAGCATTA CAATCCCACT TTCCATGAAA AAATAGCACC ATATGCATCT GTTATTGTCA 600 ATTGCATGTA TTGGGAAAA INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:116: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: CA) LENGTH: 620 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: double TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:116:

GAGAATATGC

CTAATTGTTG

GGACTGATAG

CCATTTCTCT

CATTGTCGTT

GTTTGTGTTC

GCCCCATACC

TAAGCAATCT

AGACATAGTT

TCCAGAACAC

AAACTGCATG

CACTGTTAGA

GAGATGATGG

ATTTCTTACA

CTCTGGGACA

GCAGAAGAGA

ACTGGAGTTG

TTTGTTGATG

CAGTCGACCA

TCTCACAAGG

TACACCCCTG

TATTGGGAAA

CAAGATCCTT

GAAAAGATCA

TGGTCTCGGA

TCTCATATGT

TAGCAACATT

GAAACGTCTC

CTGAGAAGCT

AGAGAGTATT

ATCCCACCAG

GAAGAAAGGG

CTAGCATTTG

CAGCGATATT

TCCTTCGCTC

TGGACTTCCA

TCAGGGTGCG

TCCCGAAATT

TCAACTTTAT

ACAATTTGAC

TGTCCTTGTT

GGAAATTTGC

TGAGCCTTGG

GCTGCAGCCA

TCCGGAATTT

CAGGAGATAT

TTTCAGGCCA

GGTTGTGTTG

AAAGGTGACT

TGATTATGAG

TGGTAGAGCT

ATACTCCACT

AGGCTGCAGT

GTCCGATAGT

TCAAGTTATT

GGAATCTGTC

TGACCTCTAG

ATTATGCTCA

CTGTCATCGT

120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600 620 TTTTTCATGA AAGAATTGCT CCATATGCAT (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:117: Ci) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 206 amino acids TYPE: amino acid STRANDEDNESS: unknown TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) (xi) Glu Asn Met 1 Tyr Asp Tyr Phe Gly Lys MOLECULE TYPE: protein SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ Pro Leu Leu Asp Lys Ile Leu 5 10 Glu Leu Ile Val Gly Asp Thr 25 Phe Ala Gly Arg Ala Gly Met 40 ID NO:117: Ala Glu Arg Ala Ser Leu Gly Lys Arg Leu Leu Ala Ile Asp Phe Leu Arg Gly 180 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 Arg Phe Leu Ser Leu Gly Tyr Ser Thr Pro Phe Leu Ser Leu Leu Val Ile Gly Ser Ala 145 Asp Tyr Ala Gly Gly Ile Cys Ala Lys 130 Ser Met Tyr Pro Gin Ser Ser Pro Gin 115 Leu Lys Val Ala Tyr 55 Ser Tyr Met Tyr Pro Ser 70 Val Gly Glu Xaa Ile Ala Leu Val Cys Leu Phe Thr 100 105 Glu Ile Phe Lys Leu Leu 120 Arg Asp Leu His Arg Thr 135 Arg Val Phe Gin Val Tyr 150 Glu Pro Lys Asp His Val 165 His Pro Glu His Tyr Asn 180 185 Ala Ser Val Ile Val Asn 200 Leu Thr Gly Pro Asp Gly Ile 170 Pro Cys Ala 75 Gin Ser His Pro Cys 155 Val Thr Met Ala Leu Asn Phe 125 Gin Val Asp His Trp 205 Ala Gly Ser Pro His Gin 160 Asp Ile 195 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:118: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: Glu 1 Phe Phe Leu Leu (ii) (xi) Asn Met Asp Tyr Gly Lys Gly Gin Gly Xaa LENGTH: 207 amino acids TYPE: amino acid STRANDEDNESS: unknown TOPOLOGY: linear MOLECULE TYPE: protein SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:118: Pro Leu Leu Asp Lys Ile Leu Glu Glu Arg 5 10 Glu Leu Ile Val Gly Asp Asp Gly Lys Arg Phe Ala Gly Arg Ala Gly Leu Ile Asp Phe 40 Arg Tyr Leu Ser Leu Gly Tyr Ser Thr Pro 55 Ser His Met Xaa Pro Ser Leu Ala Ala Ala 70 75 Ser Leu His Leu Ala Leu Ala Gly Ser Ala SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 WO 9842831PCTIUS98/06051 Val Ile Val Vai Giu Glu Ile Ala Phe Gly Leu Pro Ser Gly Ile Cys Pro Gly Ala Gin 115 Vai Phe Val Phe Thr 105 Gly Vai Giy Asn Val Ser Gin 110 Vai Asp Ala Giu Ile Phe Lys Leu Pro His Thr Giu Lys 130 Leu Pro Giu Ile Phe 135 Gin Ala Arg Asn Ser Lys Gin Ser Gin 145 Ser Thr Lys Arg Phe Gin Leu Tyr Gly 155 Cys Val Val Thr Ser 160 Arg Asp Ile Vai His Lys Asp Pro Arg Gin Phe Asp Lys Giy 175 Asp Tyr Tyr Ile Aia Pro 195 His Pro Giu His Tyr 185 Thr Pro Val Phe His Giu Arg 190 Tyr Ala Ser Val Val Asn Cys Met Tyr Trp Giu 205 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:119: Wi SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 2582 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA to mRNA (iii) (iv) (vi) HYPOTHETICAL: NO ANTI-SENSE: NO ORIGINAL SOURCE: ORGANISM: Glycine max (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: CDS LOCATION: 3. .2357 (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:119:

TTGAACCCAA

AT TACAAT CC

TGTATTGGGA

GCCGGGGGAG

AGTTTGTTAA

ATTCCTACCA

CAACAGAATT

AGATCACGTG

CACTTTCCAT

GAAAAGATTT

CCCCCTTGTT

CCGCGGTACT

TGATGATATG

TGCAAAGGAG

ATAGTGTTTG

GAAAAAATAG

CCTCAATTGC

GGAATAGCTG

TCAATTGATT

GAGGGGAATG

GCTTCCCAAC

ACAAAGCAGA

CACCATATGC

CGAGCTATAA

ACATAACGTG

CACCCTTCTT

GAGTGATATG

ATTTTGGAAA

CTACTATTCA

ATCTGTTATT

GCAGATGCAA

TGATATAGGG

CAGATATGAT

CTTAGCTGTT

CATACTTTCC

CACCCTGAGC

GTCAATTGCA

GACTTAATGG

GGTTCAATTG

C CCT TAACAA

GACATTCTTC

CAATTTGTTG

120 180 240 300 360 420 182 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 WO 9842831PCT/US98/06051

TAAATTTGGC

TAGCCCATAA

ATTCAGAGGA

TATCGGTGTC

TTATTGAAGC

AAGCCGTATC

TCATTGATTC

ATTCAAGTAA

CTGACCCCAG

CTGCTGAAAT

TGGAAGATGA

AGGATGCAGA

TGGATCGTGC

CCCCAAGTTG

CTGCTAGCTA

TAACAATTCT

TGATCAACCA

GACTTCCATC

CAGGAGCCAT

ATATTGATGG

CTTTTGCTTT

TAACTGAAGC

TGGGGACACT

GACAAAGACC

CAGATGAACT

GCAAAGATCA

ACCAAACTGA

AGGAGAGGTT

AAATAGAATA

GGAAGACTCT

CTGTTGGAGC

TCGAACCTGA

TAGAGAAGAC

TTCTGCTACA

AGGAGTGCTA

AGTATCAGAA

TCTGAGTGGT

TGCAGGAGGC

ATT C T CTGAA

TTTAACTGCT

AATTTCACTT

AAAGAAGGCT

GTTATCATCA

TTTTGAATGT

GCAGACTGTT

CAATTTGTGT

TCATATTATT

TGTTGATAGC

TGGAGAGATG

AGCACATGTG

TCCTGAAGCT

CCGAGCTGGG

GGACGATCTT

GGAATGTCTC

ATCAACCATT

GTCTAGGATT

AACTTTCAAA

ATTGATAGGA

AAGAACGGCA

AATCCCTGCT

ATCATACACC

CCCAGATAGC

TGATGAAAAA

TTTGCTTTTA

AGTATACAAT

CGAGTAATTT

GACATTACAA

AC C TCC TTAT

AACGCAGAAA

CACTTATTTG

TCCTTCCACT

CTTGAAGTTG

ATTGCTAGTC

AAGCTTGGTA

GCGGTTTTAA

TTTGGAAGGC

CAAACTGATG

GAGGGCATTC

AAGTACATTT

GTAGCAAATG

TCCATGTCAA

GGCTTGGACC

AGGAAGGGGA

GCTAACAATC

CGCAATCCTG

TATGATTCGG

CCAAATCGCA

TTCCGTGGAA

AGCTTATTTA

AAATTCTTAT

GAGAATGACA

ATGGAGACAG

TCCTGCAAAA

AGCACAGAAA

CAAATTACAG

ACCACAACTG

TTGACAAACA

CCAGCACTGG

GCATYTATGA

AG T TGCC T GC

ATGATTATAT

ATTCTCTATC

ATCAGTTTCT

TAGTCAACTG

GTGCAGATAA

CAACTGAACA

AAGTTGAAGA

TTCTTGGAGC

CATCATCGAG

TAGAAGTCAT

CAAATGTAAC

CACAGGTTGA

CTTGCATTGA

TGCTAAATGA

CAGGAATTGG

AAATAAAGTC

CATTAGCATA

CCACCTACAA

CTACAAGACT

ATTCATTACT

CCCTCCGCTA

ACAATGAAGC

TTGAACTTCT

TCATGGAGCA

CAAAAACAAT

GTGCTTTTGA

AGGATATGGT

AGAAGCATAG

CCATGGCCCT

AAATTCAGAC

ATATTATAGA

ATTGATGTAT

TCACTTAAGG

CCCACGCATG

CAACAAAAGG

GATAAATGAG

CCATGTGGGT

CAGGGCTGTT

TGATAGATTT

GAATGGCATA

TGGTCGGGTC

CCAATGGTAT

TGTGGGATCT

CGGAATTCAG

CGTTGTTATA

GCTGAAAAAA

TAAGGCTAAA

TCATATGATG

TTTCACTTCT

TAAATTCAGT

ATGGGGTGGT

AAGGCTACCG

TTATGGGGAT

TGAAGGATTT

CCATTCGTTG

CAAAGTTGTT

AATATTAATA

CATTTTCTTG

TGTTGCTTGT

GCTTTTGCAT

AGCTACTTTA

TACTGTTGGT

AAGAGGAGTC

AGCTTATGGG

AGGTGTACAT

AGAGCTTGCA

CGGAGTTCTG

AAGTACAATA

GCCTTAGATA

CAGAGCATTG

CTGGATCAAA

TCAAATCAAG

GAGAAGGAAT

TGTCAACCAG

AAAACATTGT

CTGTACCTGA

CTTGATGTGA

AGTTTGCTGC

CATCTTGTCA

GATGCTGGCA

GCAATGAAGA

TATTGTGGTG

TGGAATCCTG

GAAACTGTAC

GACCTTCCTG

TTGTATGGAA

AGTGAGATCA

CTAATGAATG

GGTGATAATC

CAAGGGCACT

GGACTTCTTG

TTCCGCATGG

CATGAAGTGG

CTTGAATTTG

ATTCCAGCTG

TTAAGGCCTA

ATCAAGTTGA

TAATGTACAC

480 540 600 660 720 780 840 900 960 1020 1080 1140 1200 1260 1320 1380 1440 1500 1560 1620 1680 1740 1800 1860 1920 1980 2040 2100 2160 2220 2280 2340 2400 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 WO 9842831PCT/US98/06051 CATGCAATGT TTGATTTGAA TAAGATAAAA TATAATAATT ACTGCAGTCA TGGAATTGCA ACTGCCATTC TATGCAACTG TCAGAAATGG ACCACACGGT ACCAGCATAG TTAAAACACT TAGGCAGATA CCAATTTCAA TTGCAGCAGT ACAATCCAAC CAGTTATGAA GTATGGTTCT

AG

2460 2520 2580 2582 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:120: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 3265 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (iv) (vi) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA to mRNA HYPOTHETICAL: NO ANTI-SENSE: NO ORIGINAL SOURCE: ORGANISM: Zea mays (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: CDS LOCATION: 3. .3071 (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:120: ATTGTGCCCG CCTTCTGCTA GGAGGAGGCA

TGCAGCCAAG

TTTCAGAAGA

TGATTCTTTC

ATATGCCACT

TTGTTGGAGA

TGATAGATTT

TTCTCTCTCT

TTGTCGTTGC

TTGTGTTCAC

CCCATACCTT

AGCAATCTCA

ACATAGTTTC

CAGAACACTA

ACTGTATGTA

TGATGGAGAC

CACAAGGAGG

CCTGTCAGAA.

AGATAGAGCG

GTTAGACAAG

TGATGGGAAA

CTTACATGGT

GGGACAATCT

AGAAGAGATA

TGGAGTTGGA

TGTTGATGCT

GTCGACCAAG

TCACAAGGAT

CACCCCTGTT

TTGGGAGAAG

TGGTTGTCCT

ATCCATCATG

TGCGGCCTTA

TACGCTTTCT

ATCCTTGAAG

AGATCACTAG

CTCGGACAGC

CATATGTATC

GCAACATTTG

AACGTCTCTC

GAGAAGCTTC

AGAGTATTTC

CCCACCAGAC

TTTCATGAAA

AGGTTTCCAC

TTAGTCGGCG

AGAACGGACC

ACGCTCAGTA

TCATAGGCAT

TTTCACACAC

AAAGGGTGTC

CATTTGGGAA

GATATTTGAG

CTTCGCTCGC

GACTTCCATC

AGGGTGCGCA.

CCGAAATTTT

AACTTTATGG

AATTTGACAA

GAATTGCTCC

CATTACTAAA

TTTGTGACAT

TCGAGTAAAC

TGAGGATGCA

CAAACAACCC

ACACAAAGCC

CTTGTTTGAT

ATTTGCTGGT

CCTTGGATAC

TGCAGCCAAG

CGGAATTTGT

GGAGATATTC

TCAGGCCAGG

TTGTGTTGTG

AGGTGACTAT

ATATGCATCT

TATGGATCAG

AACTTGTGAT

CGGATTATTG

GGATGCGAGA

AAGCTGCAGA

CAAAAAGAGA,

TATGAGCTAA

AGAGCTGGAC

TCGACTCCAT

GCTGCAGTCA

CCGATAGTGT

AAGTTATTGC

AATCTGTCTA

ACCTCTAGAG

TATGCTCATC

GTCATCGTAA

TTACAGCAAT

ATTGGAGGTT

120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600 660 720 780 840 900 960 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831

CCATTGAATT

CTAAGAATTC

TTCTCCCTAC

TTGTTGCTAG

CTTGCATTGC

ATACTATGAT

CCCTGGTATC

TCATTGAGAC

ATGATATGTC

TTATTGATTC

AAATTGAATT

ATAAAGGAGG

AGTTTCTGGC

AAATTCATGT

TTGAAAATAC

TTTCTCAGGT

GAGTATGCAT

CAAACTTGAG

ATCCTGGCAT

GAAAAATAAA

ATCCGCTTGC

CTGCAGTCTA

CAGCAAAGAG

GGAATTCCTT

GGGCTACTYT

TCTTTGATGC

TCCTTGATGA

CTGGTGGATA

AGGAAATAGC

AAATACCTAA

TGGCCTATGG

ACCCGGACGG

AAAATGGCAG

TATCAACAAG

ATACCATGAT

AGAATTCTCT

TTTGGCCTCA

ACATGCTGGC

AGATTTGGCA

TCTCAGTGGG

AGCTGGAGGT

ATACTCAGAG

CTTGACTTCT

AGCTCTGAAG

GCCAAAGATT

ATCTTACCCA

TATCGTGGCA

AACTGCTACC

TGAGGTTGTA

AGAGTTGAAG

CCAAGCTGCC

AGATCACTTG

GGCATTTACA

CTATAAATTC

CAAATTTCTT

GCTCAGACTA

GATATATGGT

TCGTTACGAA

TGCAAIXTCAT

ACTACTGAAT

CGATGATGAC

TGTTAAGACA

GGGTTGTTCG

CCACAATGAG

GCAACCCGCC

GTCCACCACT

AGTACATCAA

GATATGGAAG

AAAGAGGCCT

GTGAAGCAAC

AGATTAACTC

CCCGCAAAAA

CACCTATTTG

TCATTTCACT

CTTGAAGTAG

TTAGCTAATG

ATAGGAAAAG

TTAATTCTTG

GACATATGTA

TCTTTGTATC

CAGCTTGATG

ATTAGCTTGC

AAGCACATGG

AAAGATGCAG

ATGTCAATGA

TCTTACTGTG

AGTTGGAACC

GGTGAGACGA

CGAGAGCTTC

GACCTTTATG

GGTTTTAGTG

CCACTGCTGC

AATATCTCCA

CTGATTGCCA

GTCAAAACCA

AGCCCATTTG

CAAGACATGG

GAA-AAGCACC

GCCATGGCGC

TAGAGAGGCC

GTGCCGGAGT

CCCAACATTT

CGGCAGAACT

CTTTGTATGA

CAAATCCATT

ATAAGTTCCT

TGGTTAGATG

GAGCAGATGA

AACATGGTGG

TCAATGAGTA

GAGCTGGAAG

CCTATGGTGT

AAAAAGATGC

TTGCTGATAT

TGCCTGCTAG

TAACGGCAAG

GTGTAACTAT

AGATGATTGA

GTGGATTGCC

CAGCTGGTGC

TCCATGTAGA

CAGCTTTTGC

GTATCTCCAA

AGATTATGGT

AAGATACTAG

CAATTAACAC

GACTGTTGAA

TCAAGTTCTT

ATGTGATTTG

TACTGCTCCA

AAGCGACGCT

TGACCGTCGG

PCTIUS98/06051 TTTCTTTCGG TATGATCCTT 1020 GGTCTGCTTG GCTGTTGACA 1080 TGGAAACATA CTATCTAGAC 1140 TCCTTCCTAC TTGAGAAGAG 1200 ATATATCCCT AGGATGAGAA 1260 GCCTGACAAG AAGTATAGCA 1320 TATAAATGAA GCTTTGGACA 1380 TGAAGTTGGA CAAAGGACGG 1440 TACTGCCACA TTGGATAAAA 1500 AGATCACGAT GCCGGGCAAG 1560 TGAAACTGAC GTCACAATTG 1620 AGTCTGTCGG CCAGCTGCTG 1680 TGATGACCAT GATGCAGATC 1740 AGAAGAGACA GTTGATGGTA 1800 TGGAAGCCTT TCAGATCTTG 1860 TTTTCATGCT GCCATTGCAG 1920 CTATGTTGAT GAATCCATGT 1980 ACTTTGTGAA ATGGGCCTAG 2040 TGAAGCTCAT GCACGAAAGG 2100 ATCTCCAGCT GCAGCAAACA 2160 ACTCCGGTCA GGGAAAAATC 2220 TGGTCATAAC TTGTATGAAT 2280 TCTGGAACAC TTGCCAAATC 2340 AGAAGCATCC ACCATATATA 2400 AACCCTTTCC AAAACTGGGT 2460 TCGTCCAACA TATAAGGGTT 2520 GGACTTAGAT ATTGAAGCTT 2580 GCTCGGGTGT TGCAAAAATA 2640 GGGACTACAT GAAGAGACTC 2700 CCAGCGAATG GAACAGAGGA 2760 CCACGAAGTC GAGGTGGAAT 2820 ACTGGAGTTC GGGAAGGTTG 2880 CATTCCAGCA GCAATAGGGG 2940 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE- 26) WO 98/42831 WO 9842831PCTIUS98/06051 CCCTGCTATT GCTAAAGAAT AAATCTACGT TCCAGCATTG TGGAGACTTG AAAGTTCCCT TATCTTTTGT ATTAACTCCG AAAGAACGGG TGGAGTATAT CGATATCAAA TAATGCCGAT

INFORMATION

AAGGTCCAGA CGAAAGGAGT GATCAGGCCT CTGCAACCGG GAGATCTTGG AGTCGTCGGG CATCAAGCTG GTTGAGAAAG GATACACAGA TAAAGATAGT ATGATATAGC AGGGCACATG TTCTGGAATA TATATTTGTG AACTAAAATG TGACAAATAA TGTAAGAGAC GGCAAAGAAA CCTCTGTATA TATGACCTGT

CAGTT

FOR SEQ ID NO:2.21: 3000 3060 3120 3180 3240 3265 WI SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 784 amino acids TYPE: amino acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: NO (iv) ANTI-SENSE: NO (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE: ORGANISM: Glycine max (xi) Pro Lys SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: Asp His Val Ile Val. Phe Giu 1 His

SEQ

Asp 10 His ID NO: 121: Lys Ala Asp Tyr 5 Tyr Tyr Ser Pro Giu His Asn Pro Thr Phe 25 Tyr Glu Lys Ile Ala Ser Val Leu Pro Ser Ile Val Asn Cys Trp Giu Lys Ala Pro Tyr Phe Pro Gin Gly Ser Pro Tyr Lys Gin Leu Val Met Ile Asp Leu Met Gly Ile Ala Phe Asp 70 Thr Cys Asp Ile 75 Gly Ser Ile Giu Val Asn Arg Gly Ser Thr Ser Ile Asp Pro Phe Phe Giu Gly Asn Pro Leu Thr Cys Leu Ala 115 Gin His Phe Asn 100 Val Tyr His Asp Asp 105 Thr Arg Tyr Asp Gly Val Ile 110 Giu Ala Ser Leu Ala Ser Asp Ile Leu Pro 120 Ser Glu Phe Ala Gly Asn Ile Gin Phe Val 130 Ala Thr Asp Ile Thr Lys 150 Leu Pro Ala His Leu 155 Asp Arg Arg Ala Cys Ile 160 Met His Lys Gly Thr Ser Leu Tyr 170 Tyr Ile Pro 186 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 Ser Glu Glu Val Ser Glu Asn Ala Glu Asn Ser Leu 185 190 Arg Ser Ser Asp 180 Ser Phe Gly 225 Ala Leu His Gly Lys 305 Ala Lys Ile Ile Leu 385 Pro His Asp Asp His 465 Leu Asn Asp 210 Gly Val Asp Asp Lys 290 Ala Glu Thr Val Pro 370 Cys Ser Leu Lys Pro 450 Val Pro Lys 195 Gin Ser Ser Gin Arg 275 Val Ala Met Leu Gly 355 Asn Lys Cys Val Ala 435 Gly Arg Ser Arg Lys Phe Leu Phe His Phe Ser 245 Ile Ile 260 Phe Ser Glu Glu Val Leu Leu Ser 325 Leu Glu 340 Ser Leu Val Thr Tyr Ile His Ile 405 Thr Ala 420 Lys Asp Ile Gly Lys Gly Pro Glu 485 Tyr Ile Leu 230 Glu Asp Asn Asn Ile 310 Ser Asp Tyr Gly Ser 390 Ile Ser Ala His Lys 470 Ala Asn Asn 215 Val Leu Ser Gin Gly 295 Leu Phe Asp Leu Ile 375 Gin Val Tyr Gly Met 455 Ile Ala Ile 200 Glu Asn Glu Leu Asp 280 Ile Gly Gly Phe Lys 360 Gin Val Ala Val Ile 440 Met Lys Asn Ser Val Ala Leu Cys His Val Gly 250 Thr Ala 265 Ser Ser Glu Lys Ala Gly Arg Pro 330 Glu Cys 345 Asp Ala Leu Asp Asp Val Asn Ala 410 Asp Ser 425 Thr Ile Ala Met Ser Phe Asn Pro 490 Ala Gly 505 Ser Leu Asp Ile 220 Val Gly 235 Ala Asp Ile Ala Lys Ile Glu Ser 300 Arg Val 315 Ser Ser Gin Thr Glu Gin Val Met 380 Val Ile 395 Cys Ile Ser Met Leu Gly Lys Met 460 Thr Ser 475 Leu Ala Arg Asn Ser 205 Ile Gin Asn Ser Ser 285 Asp Cys Ser Asp Thr 365 Asp Ser Glu Ser Glu 445 Ile Tyr Tyr Pro Gly Glu Ser Arg Pro 270 Leu Pro Gin Gin Val 350 Val Arg Leu Leu Met 430 Met Asn Cys Lys Ala 510 His Ala Ile Ala 255 Thr Lys Arg Pro Trp 335 Glu Glu Ala Leu Lys 415 Leu Gly Gin Gly Phe 495 Thr Leu Ala Glu 240 Val Glu Leu Lys Ala 320 Tyr Val Gly Asn Pro 400 Lys Asn Leu Ala Gly 480 Ser Tyr Trp Asn Pro Ala Gly Ala Ile Arg SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 Asp Leu Tyr Asp 525 Lys Ser Cys 545 Thr Ser Ala Leu Ile 625 Lys Gly Asp Glu Asp 705 Lys Ile Thr Leu (2) Trp Gly Gly Glu Thr Val His Ile Asp Gly Asp 515 520 Ala Thr Arg Leu Arg Leu Pro Asp Leu Pro Ala 530 535 540 Leu Pro Asn Arg Asn Ser Leu Leu Tyr Gly Asp 550 555 Glu Ala Ser Thr Ile Phe Arg Gly Thr Leu Arg 565 570 Glu Ile Met Gly Thr Leu Ser Arg Ile Ser Leu 580 585 His Ser Leu Leu Met Asn Gly Gin Arg Pro Thr 595 600 Phe Glu Leu Leu Lys Val Val Gly Asp Asn Pro 610 615 620 Gly Glu Asn Asp Ile Met Glu Gin Ile Leu Ile 630 635 Asp Gin Arg Thr Ala Met Glu Thr Ala Lys Thr 645 650 Leu Leu Asp Gin Thr Glu Ile Pro Ala Ser Cys 660 665 Val Ala Cys Phe Arg Met Glu Glu Arg Leu Ser 675 680 Lys Asp Met Val Leu Leu His His Glu Val Glu 690 695 700 Ser Gin Ile Thr Glu Lys His Arg Ala Thr Leu 710 715 Thr Leu Asp Glu Lys Thr Thr Thr Ala Met Ala 725 730 Pro Ala Ala Val Gly Ala Leu Leu Leu Leu Thr 740 745 Arg Gly Val Leu Arg Pro Ile Glu Pro Glu Val 755 760 Asp Ile Ile Glu Ala Tyr Gly Ile Lys Leu Ile 770 775 780 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:122: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: Phe Leu Tyr Phe Phe 605 Asp Gin Ile Lys Tyr 685 Ile Leu Leu Asn Tyr 765 Glu Ala Tyr Glu Asn 590 Lys Glu Gly Ile Ser 670 Thr Glu Glu Thr Lys 750 Asn Lys Leu Gly Gly 575 Asn Lys Leu His Phe 655 Ala Ser Tyr Phe Val 735 Ile Pro Thr Glu Ile 560 Phe Glu Phe Leu Cys 640 Leu Phe Thr Pro Gly 720 Gly Gin Ala Glu (ii) (iii) (vi) LENGTH: 1022 amino acids TYPE: amino acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear MOLECULE TYPE: protein HYPOTHETICAL: NO ORIGINAL SOURCE: ORGANISM: Zea mays 188 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:122: Cys Ala Arg Leu Leu Leu Gly Gly Gly Lys Asn Gly Pro Arg Val Asn 1 5 10 Arg Ile Ile Val Gin Pro Ser Thr Arg Arg Ile His His Asp Ala Gin 25 Tyr Glu Asp Ala Gly Cys Glu Ile Ser Glu Asp Leu Ser Glu Cys Gly 40 Leu Ile Ile Gly Ile Lys Gin Pro Lys Leu Gin Met Ile Leu Ser Asp 55 Arg Ala Tyr Ala Phe Phe Ser His Thr His Lys Ala Gin Lys Glu Asn 70 75 Met Pro Leu Leu Asp Lys Ile Leu Glu Glu Arg Val Ser Leu Phe Asp 90 Tyr Glu Leu Ile Val Gly Asp Asp Gly Lys Arg Ser Leu Ala Phe Gly 100 105 110 Lys Phe Ala Gly Arg Ala Gly Leu Ile Asp Phe Leu His Gly Leu Gly 115 120 125 Gin Arg Tyr Leu Ser Leu Gly Tyr Ser Thr Pro Phe Leu Ser Leu Gly 130 135 140 Gin Ser His Met Tyr Pro Ser Leu Ala Ala Ala Lys Ala Ala Val Ile 145 150 155 160 Val Val Ala Glu Glu Ile Ala Thr Phe Gly Leu Pro Ser Gly Ile Cys 165 170 175 Pro Ile Val Phe Val Phe Thr Gly Val Gly Asn Val Ser Gin Gly Ala 180 185 190 Gin Glu Ile Phe Lys Leu Leu Pro His Thr Phe Val Asp Ala Glu Lys 195 200 205 Leu Pro Glu Ile Phe Gin Ala Arg Asn Leu Ser Lys Gin Ser Gin Ser 210 215 220 Thr Lys Arg Val Phe Gin Leu Tyr Gly Cys Val Val Thr Ser Arg Asp 225 230 235 240 Ile Val Ser His Lys Asp Pro Thr Arg Gin Phe Asp Lys Gly Asp Tyr 245 250 255 Tyr Ala His Pro Glu His Tyr Thr Pro Val Phe His Glu Arg Ile Ala 260 265 270 Pro Tyr Ala Ser Val Ile Val Asn Cys Met Tyr Trp Glu Lys Arg Phe 275 280 285 Pro Pro Leu Leu Asn Met Asp Gin Leu Gin Gin Leu Met Glu Thr Gly 290 295 300 Cys Pro Leu Val Gly Val Cys Asp Ile Thr Cys Asp Ile Gly Gly Ser 305 310 315 320 Ile Glu Phe Ile Asn Lys Ser Thr Ser Ile Glu Arg Pro Phe Phe Arg 325 330 335 189 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 Tyr Val Ala Ala 385 Cys Arg Leu Phe Gly 465 Asp Leu Gly Lys Lys 545 Phe Asp Ala Asp Val 625 Val Glu Asp Val Ser 370 Ser Ile Met Pro Asp 450 Gly Met Asp Asp Val 530 Ile Leu Ala Glu Val 610 Val Cys Ser Pro Cys 355 Gin Val Ala Arg Asp 435 Lys Ser Ser Lys His 515 Asn Leu Ala Asp Glu 595 Ala Ile Ile Met Ser 340 Leu His Lys His Asn 420 Lys Phe Phe Tyr Ile 500 Asp Glu Ile Ser Gin 580 Thr Asp Ser Glu Ser 660 Lys Ala Phe Gin Ala 405 Thr Lys Leu His Ser 485 Ile Ala Tyr Leu Tyr 565 Ile Val Ile Leu Leu 645 Asn Asn Val Gly Pro 390 Gly Met Tyr Ile Leu 470 Glu Asp Gly Glu Gly 550 Pro His Asp Gly Leu 630 Lys Leu Ser Asp Asn 375 Ala Arg Ile Ser Asn 455 Val Leu Ser Gin Thr 535 Ala Asp Val Gly Ser 615 Pro Lys Ser Tyr Ile 360 Ile Glu Leu Asp Thr 440 Glu Arg Glu Leu Glu 520 Asp Gly Ile Ile Ile 600 Leu Ala His Gin His Asp 345 Leu Pro Leu Ser Leu Pro Thr Pro 410 Leu Ala 425 Leu Val Ala Leu Cys Glu Val Gly 490 Thr Ser 505 Ile Glu Val Thr Arg Val Cys Thr 570 Val Ala 585 Glu Asn Ser Asp Ser Phe Met Val 650 Ala Ala 665 Asp Thr Arg Ser 395 Leu Pro Ser Asp Val 475 Ala Leu Leu Ile Cys 555 Tyr Ser Thr Leu His 635 Thr Met Glu Leu 380 Tyr Tyr Ala Leu Ile 460 Gly Asp Ala Ala Asp 540 Arg Gly Leu Thr Val 620 Ala Ala Glu Phe 365 Val Leu Glu Lys Ser 445 Ile Gin Asp Asn Leu 525 Lys Pro Val Tyr Ala 605 Ser Ala Ser Gly 350 Ser Ala Arg Tyr Thr 430 Gly Glu Ser Thr Glu 510 Lys Gly Ala Asp Gin 590 Thr Gin Ile Tyr Ala Lys Ser Arg Ile 415 Asn His Thr Thr Ala 495 His Ile Gly Ala Asp 575 Lys Gin Val Ala Val Gly Glu Leu Ala 400 Pro Pro Leu Ala Asp 480 Thr Gly Gly Pro Glu 560 His Asp Leu Glu Gly 640 Asp 655 Lys Asp Ala Gly Val Thr 670 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 Ile Leu Cys 675 PCT/US98/06051 Met Ser Glu Met Gly Leu Pro Gly Ile Asp His Leu 685 Met Phe 705 Pro Gly Asp Leu Tyr 785 Ala Lys Ser Ser Asp 865 Glu Glu Cys Met Pro 945 Asn Ala Val Leu Lys Met 690 Thr Ser Leu Ala Lys Asn Gly His 755 Pro Ala 770 Gly Asp Thr Xaa Thr Gly Arg Pro 835 Thr Ile 850 Asp Leu Ile Ala Glu Thr Gin Arg 915 Val Leu 930 Ala Glu Gly Arg Ile Gly Ile Arg 995 Glu Ser 1010 Ile Tyr Tyr Pro 740 Asn Phe Leu Arg Phe 820 Thr Asn Ile Val Gin 900 Met Leu Lys Ser Ala 980 Pro Ser Asp Cys Lys 725 Ala Leu Ala Tyr Tyr 805 Phe Tyr Thr Ala Lys 885 Ile Glu His His Thr 965 Leu Leu Gly Glu Gly 710 Phe Val Tyr Leu Gly 790 Glu Asp Lys Asp Arg 870 Thr Pro Gin His Gin 950 Thr Leu Gin Ile Ala 695 Gly Ser Tyr Glu Glu 775 Ile Gly Ala Gly Leu 855 Leu Val Lys Arg Glu 935 Ala Ala Leu Pro Lys 1015 His Ala Leu Pro Trp Asn Lys Phe 745 Ser Ala 760 His Leu Ser Lys Phe Ser Ala Asn 825 Phe Leu 840 Asp Ile Leu Lys Lys Thr Gly Cys 905 Met Ala 920 Val Glu Thr Leu Met Ala Leu Lys 985 Glu Ile 1000 Leu Val 5 Arg Ser Pro 730 Leu Lys Pro Glu Glu 810 His Asp Glu Leu Ile 890 Ser Tyr Val Leu Leu 970 Asn Tyr Glu Lys Pro 715 Ala Gly Arg Asn Ala 795 Ile Pro Glu Ala Gly 875 Lys Ser Gly Glu Glu 955 Thr Lys Val Lys Gly Lys Ile 700 Ala Ala Ala Gly Ala Leu Glu Thr Ile 750 Leu Arg Leu 765 Arg Asn Ser 780 Ser Thr Ile Met Val Thr Leu Leu Gin 830 Leu Leu Asn 845 Ser Gly Gly 860 Cys Cys Lys Phe Leu Gly Pro Phe Asp 910 His Asn Glu 925 Tyr Pro Asp 940 Phe Gly Lys Val Gly Ile Val Gin Thr 990 Pro Ala Leu 1005 Val Glu Thr 1020 Lys Asn Arg 735 His Arg Leu Tyr Leu 815 Asp Asn Tyr Asn Leu 895 Val Gin Gly Val Pro 975 Lys Glu Ala Asn 720 Ser Val Glu Ile Arg 800 Ser Thr Ile Asp Lys 880 His Ile Asp Gin Glu 960 Ala Gly Ile SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 WO 9842831PCTIUS98/06051 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:123: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 1908 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (iv) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA to mRNA HYPOTHETICAL: NO ANTI-SENSE: NO (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE: ORGANISM: Zea mays (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: CDS LOCATION: 1908 (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:123: ATTGTGCCCG CCTTCTGCTA GGAGGAGGCA AGAACGGACC TCGAGTAAAC

TGCAGCCAAG

TTTCAGAAGA

TGATTCTTTC

ATATGCCACT

TTGTTGGAGA.

TGATAGATTT

TTCTCTCTCT

TTGTCGTTGC

TTGTGTTCAC

CCCATACCTT

AGCAATCTCA

ACATAGTTTC

CAGAACACTA

ACTGTATGTA

TGATGGAGAC

CCATTGAATT

CTAAGAATTC

TTCTCCCTAC

CACAAGGAGG

CCTGTCAGAA.

AGATAGAGCG

GTTAGACAAG

TGATGGGAAA

CTTACATGGT

GGGACAATCT

AGAAGAGATA

TGGAGTTGGA

TGTTGATGCT

GTCGACCAAG

TCACAAGGAT

CACCCCTGTT

TTGGGAGAAG

TGGTTGTCCT

TATCAACAAG

ATACCATGAT

AGAATTCTCT

ATCCATCATG

TGCGGCCTTA

TACGCTTTCT

ATCCTTGAAG

AGATCACTAG

CTCGGACAGC

CATATGTATC

GCAACATTTG

AACGT CT C TC

GAGAAGCTTC

AGAGTATTTC

CCCACCAGAC

TTTCATGAAA

AGGTTTCCAC

TTAGTCGGCG

AGTACATCAA

GATATGGAAG

AAAGAGGCCT

ACGCTCAGTA

TCATAGGCAT

TTTCACACAC

AAAGGGTGTC

CATTTGGGAA

GATATTTGAG

CTTCGCTCGC

GACTTCCATC

AGGGTGCGCA

CCGAAATTTT

AACTTTATGG

AATTTGACAA

GAATTGCTCC

CATTACTAAA

TTTGTGACAT

TAGAGAGGCC

GTGCCGGAGT

CCCAACATTT

CGGCAGAACT

TGAGGATGCA

CAAACAACCC

ACACAAAGCC

CTTGTTTGAT

ATTTGCTGGT

CCTTGGATAC

TGCAGCCAAG

CGGAATTTGT

GGAGATATTC

TCAGGCCAGG

TTGTGTTGTG

AGGTGACTAT

ATATGCATCT

TATGGATCAG

AACTTGTGAT

TTTCTTTCGG

GGTCTGCTTG

TGGAAACATA

TCCTTCCTAC

CGGATTATTG

GGATGCGAGA

AAGCTGCAGA

CAAAAAGAGA

TATGAGCTAA

AGAGCTGGAC

TCGACTCCAT

GCTGCAGTCA

CCGATAGTGT

AAGTTATTGC

AATCTGTCTA

ACCTCTAGAG

TATGCTCATC

GTCATCGTAA

TTACAGCAAT

ATTGGAGGTT

TATGATCCTT

GCTGTTGACA

CTATCTAGAC

TTGAGAAGAG

120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600 660 720 780 840 900 960 1020 1080 1140 1200 TTGTTGCTAG TTTGGCCTCA GTGAAGCAAC SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE- WO 98/42831

CTTGCATTGC

ATACTATGAT

CCCTGGTATC

TCATTGAGAC

ATGATATGTC

TTATTGATTC

AAATTGAATT

ATAAAGGAGG

AGTTTCTGGC

AAATTCATGT

TTGAAAATAC

TTTCTCAGGT

PCTIUS98/06051

ACATGCTGGC

AGATTTGGCA

TCTCAGTGGG

AGCTGGAGGT

ATACTCAGAG

CTTGACTTCT

AGCTCTGAAG

GCCAAAGATT

ATCTTACCCA

TATCGTGGCA

AACTGCTACC

TGAGGTTGTA

AGATTAACTC

CCCGCAAAAA

CACCTATTTG

TCATTTCACT

CTTGAAGTAG

TTAGCTAATG

ATAGGAAAAG

TTAATTCTTG

GACATATGTA

TCTTTGTATC

CAGCTTGATG

ATTAGCTTGC

CTTTGTATGA

CAAATCCATT

ATAAGTTCCT

TGGTTAGATG

GAGCAGATGA

AACATGGTGG

TCAATGAGTA

GAGCTGGAAG

CCTATGGTGT

AAAAAGATGC

TTGCTGATAT

TGCCTGCTAG

ATATATCCCT

GCCTGACAAG

TATAAATGAA

TGAAGTTGGA

TACTGCCAQA

AGAT CACGAT

TGAAACTGAC

AGTCTGTCGG

TGATGACCAT

AGAAGAGACA.

TGGAAGCCTT

TTTTCATG

AGGATGAGAA

AAGTATAGCA

GCTTTGGACA

CAAAGCACGG

TTGGATAAAA

GCCGGGCAAG

GTCACAATTG

CCAGCTGCTG

GATGCAGATC

GTTGATGGTA

TCAGATCTTG

1260 1320 1380 1440 1500 1560 1620 1680 1740 1800 1860 1908 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:124: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 640 amino acids TYPE: amino acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: NO (iv) ANTI-SENSE: NO (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE: ORGANISM: Zea mays (xi) Ala Arg SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: Leu Leu Leu Gly Gly Gly Cys 1 Arg Tyr SEQ ID NO:124: Lys Asn Gly Pro 10 Arg Ile His His Arg Val Asn Ile Ile Val Giu AsD) Ala Gln Pro Ser Thr Arg 25 Ser Gly Cys Giu Glu Asp Leu Asp Ala Gin Giu Cys Gly Leu Ser Asp Leu Ile Ile Gly Ile Lys Arq Ala Gin Ser Pro Lys Leu Gin Tyr Ala Phe His Thr His Met Lys 75 Arg Gin Lys Giu As n Asp Pro Leu Leu Ile Leu Giu Val Ser Leu Tyr Glu Leu Ile 100 Gly Asp Asp Giy 105 Arg Ser Leu Aia Phe Gly 110 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 Lys Phe Gin Arg 130 Gin Ser 145 Val Val Pro Ile Gin Glu Leu Pro 210 Thr Lys 225 Ile Val Tyr Ala Pro Tyr Pro Pro 290 Cys Pro 305 Ile Glu Tyr Asp Val Val Ala Ser 370 Ala Ser 385 Cys Ile Arg Met Leu Pro Phe Asp 450 Ala 115 Tyr His Ala Val Ile 195 Glu Arg Ser His Ala 275 Leu Leu Phe Pro Cys 355 Gin Val Ala Arg Asp 435 Lys Gly Leu Met Glu Phe 180 Phe Ile Val His Pro 260 Ser Leu Val Ile Ser 340 Leu His Lys His Asn 420 Lys Phe Arg Ser Tyr Glu 165 Val Lys Phe Phe Lys 245 Glu Val Asn Gly Asn 325 Lys Ala Phe Gin Ala 405 Thr Lys Leu Ala Leu Pro 150 Ile Phe Leu Gin Gin 230 Asp His Ile Met Val 310 Lys Asn Val Gly Pro 390 Gly Met Tyr Ile Gly Gly 135 Ser Ala Thr Leu Ala 215 Leu Pro Tyr Val Asp 295 Cys Ser Ser Asp Asn 375 Ala Arg Ile Ser Asn 455 Leu 120 Tyr Leu Thr Gly Pro 200 Arg Tyr Thr Thr Asn 280 Gin Asp Thr Tyr Ile 360 Ile Glu Leu Asp Thr 440 Glu Ile Asp Ser Thr Ala Ala Phe Gly 170 Val Gly 185 His Thr Asn Leu Gly Cys Arg Gin 250 Pro Val 265 Cys Met Leu Gin Ile Thr Ser Ile 330 His Asp 345 Leu Pro Leu Ser Leu Pro Thr Pro 410 Leu Ala 425 Leu Val Ala Leu Phe Pro Ala 155 Leu Asn Phe Ser Val 235 Phe Phe Tyr Gin Cys 315 Glu Asp Thr Arg Ser 395 Leu Pro Ser Asp Leu His 125 Phe Leu 140 Lys Ala Pro Ser Val Ser Val Asp 205 Lys Gin 220 Val Thr Asp Lys His Glu Trp Glu 285 Leu Met 300 Asp Ile Arg Pro Met Glu Glu Phe 365 Leu Val 380 Tyr Leu Tyr Glu Ala Lys Leu Ser 445 Ile Ile 460 Gly Ser Ala Gly Gin 190 Ala Ser Ser Gly Arg 270 Lys Glu Gly Phe Gly 350 Ser Ala Arg Tyr Thr 430 Gly Glu PCT/US98/06051 Leu Gly Leu Gly Val Ile 160 Ile Cys 175 Gly Ala Glu Lys Gln Ser Arg Asp 240 Asp Tyr 255 Ile Ala Arg Phe Thr Gly Gly Ser 320 Phe Arg 335 Ala Gly Lys Glu Ser Leu Arg Ala 400 Ile Pro 415 Asn Pro His Leu Thr Ala SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 Gly 465 Asp Leu Gly Lys Lys 545 Phe Asp Ala Asp Gly Ser Phe His Leu Val Arg Cys Glu 470 Val Gly Gin Ser Thr Asp 475 480 Met Asp Asp Val 530 Ile Leu Ala Glu Val 610 Ser Lys His 515 Asn Leu Ala Asp Glu 595 Ala Tyr Ile 500 Asp Glu Ile Ser Gin 580 Thr Asp Ser 485 Ile Ala Tyr Leu Tyr 565 Ile Val Ile Glu Asp Gly Glu Gly 550 Pro His Asp Gly Leu Ser Gin Thr 535 Ala Asp Val Gly Ser 615 Glu Leu Glu 520 Asp Gly Ile Ile Ile 600 Leu Val Thr 505 Ile Val Arg Cys Val 585 Glu Ser Gly 490 Ser Glu Thr Val Thr 570 Ala Asn Asp Ala Leu Leu Ile Cys 555 Tyr Ser Thr Leu His 635 Asp Ala Ala Asp 540 Arg Gly Leu Thr Val 620 Ala Asp Asn Leu 525 Lys Pro Val Tyr Ala 605 Ser Ala Thr Glu 510 Lys Gly Ala Asp Gin 590 Thr Gin Ile Ala 495 His Ile Gly Ala Asp 575 Lys Gin Val Ala Thr Gly Gly Pro Glu 560 His Asp Leu Glu Gly 640 Val Val Ile Ser Leu Leu Pro Ala Ser Phe INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:125: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 720 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA to mRNA (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: NO (iv) ANTI-SENSE: NO (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE: ORGANISM: Oryza sativa (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: CDS LOCATION: 2..720 (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: misc feature LOCATION: 215 OTHER INFORMATION: /label= unknown (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: misc feature LOCATION: 678 OTHER INFORMATION: /label= unknown 195 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PTU9/65 PCT/US98/06051 (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:125: GTTTAAACAT CTTTCCAATC TTGTTTCTCA GGTTGAAGTA

CAGTTTTCAT

AAGCTATGTT

TATTCTCTGT

TGACGAAGCA

TCCATCTCCA

TGCCATCCGT

AGATGGTGAT

TGCACTGGAA

CAAAGAAGCA

GGCAACCTTC

TACTCGCCCT

GCTGCCATAG

GATGAGTCCA

GAAATGGGCC

CATTCACGGA

GCTTCTGCAA.

GCAGGGAGAA

AAATTGTATG

CACTTGCCAA

TCTAC!TGTGT

GCGAAAATTG

ACATACANGG

CAAGAGTATG

TGTCAAAGTT

TGGATCCTGG

AGGGGAAAAT

ACAATCCACT

ACCCTGCTGT

AATCCGCAAA

ACCGGAATTC

ACAGGGCTAC

GGTTTTTTGA

ATTTCCTGTT

CATAGAGATG

GGAACAATCT

CATANATCAT

AAAGTCATTT

TGCTTATAAG

CTACAAATTT

GAGGCTCAGA

CTTGATGTAT

TCTTCGTTAT

TGCTGCAAGT

GAACCCTCAA

GTAGTTAGCT

AAGAAGCACT

GCAGAAGGTG

ATGATGTCAA

ACATCCTTTT

TTCAGTTGGA

CATGGAGAAA

TTACMAGAAC

GGAGACCTGT

GAAGGATTTA

CATCCACTGT

TGCTTGTACA

TGCTGCCTGC

TGGTCACTGC

CTGGTGTAAC

TGAAGATGAT

GTGGAGGACT

GTCCAGCTGG

TCATCCATGT

TTCCAGCTTT

ATGGGATCTC

ATGAGATAAT

TGCAACAAAC

TCTCCAAAAC

120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600 660 720 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:126: WI SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 239 amino acids TYPE: amino acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: NO (iv) ANTI-SENSE: NO (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE: ORGANISM: Oryza sativa Phe 1 Leu Met (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: Lys His Leu Ser Asn Leu Val Ser 5 Leu Pro Ala Ser Phe His Ala Ala 25 Lys Lys His Leu Val Thr Ala Ser

SEQ

Gln 10 Ile I D NO: 12 6: Val Glu Val Ala Arg Val Lys Leu Glu Met Gly Leu 40 Gl y Asp Gln Ser Ala Asp Pro Gly 70 His Ser Arg Al a Tyr Val Asp Glu Gly Val Thr Ile Met Met Ser Met 75 Xaa His Val Val Ser Cys Ile Glu Ser Met Ser Leu Cys Glu Lys Met Ile Thr Ser Phe Glu Ala Lys Gly Lys Ile 90 Lys Ser Phe SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 Cys Gly Gly Lys Phe Ser 115 Ala Val Tyr Leu Pro Ser 100 Trp Ser Pro Lys Phe His Pro Ala Ala Asn Asn Pro Ala Gly 120 Glu Ile Arg Ala Gly 125 Asp Leu Ala Tyr 110 Arg Asn Pro Gly Asp Lys Ile Ile His 130 Leu Tyr Val 140 Glu Glu Ser Ala 145 Ala Lys 150 Pro Arg Leu Arg Leu Xaa 155 Leu Leu Pro Ala Leu Glu His Leu 165 Lys Asn Arg Asn Ser 170 Val Met Tyr Gly Tyr Gly Ile Tyr Glu Gly 195 Phe Asp Ala Glu Ala Ser Tyr Arg Ala Asp Leu 175 Leu Arg Gly Phe Asn Glu Ile Met 200 Leu Thr Phe Ala Lys 205 Thr Ala Ser His Leu Gln Gln 210 Xaa Thr 220 Tyr Arg Pro Thr Tyr 225 (2) Asp Phe Leu Leu Asn Pro Gln Cys Ile Ser Lys INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:127: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 308 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA to mRNA (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: NO (iv) ANTI-SENSE: NO (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE: ORGANISM: Oryza sativa (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: CDS LOCATION: 1..129 (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:127:

CTGCTGTTGC

ATTTACATTC

GAGACCTGAG

ATGCTTCAGT

TTGTACCGTA

GCTTGAAT

TCCAGAACAA

CAGCGTTGGA

AATCGGACCC

GAATAATTGA

GAAGTCCTTC

GATCCAAAAG

GATCTTGGAG

AATATGTATA

TTTGCCGTTG

TATGTACATC

AAAGGAGTGA

TCATCGGGTA

ATGTAGCATG

TGTGGTAATT

CGTATCAAAA

TCAGGCCTCT GGAACCTGAA TCAAGCTGGC GGAGAGAGTG GTGGTAGCTT CTCTATATAT AAGCAATGCC CGCTAATAAA AATAAAAAAA GCATCGATTA 120 180 240 300 308 197 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCT/US98/06051 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:128: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 42 amino acids TYPE: amino acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: NO (iv) ANTI-SENSE: NO (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE: ORGANISM: Oryza sativa (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:128: Leu Leu Leu Leu Gin Asn Lys Ile Gin Lys Lys Gly Val Ile Arg Pro 1 5 10 Leu Glu Pro Glu Ile Tyr Ile Pro Ala Leu Glu Ile Leu Glu Ser Ser 25 Gly Ile Lys Leu Ala Glu Arg Val Glu Thr INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:129: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 429 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA to mRNA (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: NO (iv) ANTI-SENSE: NO (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE: ORGANISM: Triticum aestivum (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: CDS LOCATION: 1..252 (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: misc feature LOCATION: 172 OTHER INFORMATION: /label= unknown (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: misc feature LOCATION: 186 OTHER INFORMATION: /label= unknown (ix) FEATURE: NAME/KEY: misc feature LOCATION: 331 OTHER INFORMATION: /label= unknown 198 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PCTIUS98/06051

TACCCCGACG

GAGAACGGCA

GCCCTGCTCT

GAGATNTACA

GTGGAGACCT

CAGAGGCAGT

TATGTATGTA

CTGTTGGTG

(2) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:129: GGGACCCCAC CGAGAAGCAC CAAGCGACGC TGCTGGAGTT GGCCCACCAC CGCCATGGCC CTCACCGTTG GGGTACCGGC TGCTCCAGAA CAAGGTCCAG AGGAAAGGGG TGATCCGGCC TCCCTGCGCT GGAGATCTTG GAAGCGTCGG GCATCAAGCT GAGGATGTCA GGATGGGATG AGAATCTATC GAGTATATAT GAGTAAATAA AATGATGATT NTCGCCGTTG TAAGTAAAAT TGTGACTATC TATTGTACTA CATATATACC AAATCTGTCG INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:130: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 83 amino acids TYPE: amino acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear

CGGAAAGACC

AGCGATAGGA

TNTGGAACCG

GATCGAGAGA

GCTGCAGCAA

GAGTGGACTG

CCGGTTGATT

(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein (iii) (iv) HYPOTHETICAL: NO ANTI-SENSE: NO (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE: ORGANISM: Triticum aestivum (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:130: Tyr 1 Phe Pro Asp Gly Asp 5 Gly Lys Thr Glu Pro Thr Glu Lys His Gin Ala Thr Leu 10 Leu Glu Asn Gly Arg Pro Thr Thr 25 Ala Met Val Gly Val Val Gln Arg Pro Ala Leu Val Glu Thr Pro Ala Ala Ile Ala Pro Lys Gly Val Ile 55 Glu Leu Leu Leu Leu Xaa Glu Pro Glu Gly Ile Lys Leu 75 Ala Leu Thr Gin Asn Lys Xaa Tyr Ile Ile Glu Arg Glu Ile Ala Ser INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:131: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 1449 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: double TOPOLOGY: linear 199 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 PTU9/65 PCTIUS98/06051 (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:131: ATGACGAAAA AATCAGGTGT TTTGATTCTT GGTGCTGGAC

GATTTCCTAG

GCAGACTCTG

GCCAAAGAGA

AGTGAAAGTC

AGTTGTCATG

AGCTATGTTG

ATTCTAGGCG

AACGATGCTC

CCCTCTCCTG

GCAATTCGAG

GATGGGAAGA

GCATTGGAGT

AGCGAAGCAA

GCAACACTTT

AAGAGGATTA

TCAGAGCCCC

AAGGAGACTG

GAGGTTCCAT

CTAGCTTATT

TTCCTTGAAA.

AAGAATGGAC

GCTCTGGTGT

GAGGTGTATT

GCAGAATGA

CTTCAGTTAG

AAGAGAAAAC

CGGTTGAAGG

TCCTTAAGTA

CTGT T GTAG C

ATGATGAAAC

AAATGGGACT

ATATCAAAAA

CTGCAGCAAA.

CTGGTCAAAA

ATCTCTATGA

GTTTTCCAAA

CAACGATATT

CGAAACTTGG

CGTTTGGTGC

TAGCGGGAGA

CAGCCAAAGC

CACTGTGTAA

CCGGAAATGA

GCAAACGTAT

AAACAACAAC

TAATTGAAGA

TGCCAGCTTT

AACCATTTCG

AGATGTTCAT

TATTTCAGAT

TGTTTCTCAG

AAAGACATGC

GTCCATGTTA

GGACCCTGGA

AGGGAAAGTG

TAATCCATTA

CCCCGCCAAA

TTCCGCGGCA

TCGTGACTCC

TCGTGGAACA

ATTCTTTGAC

TCTTTTAAGT

AGAAGAGATA

TGCCAAAACA

AAGCGTATTT

ACAGGACATG

AGAGAAGCAC

CGCTATGGCC

CAAGATCAAG

GGATATATTG

TCACAGCAAT

GTGATTGTCG

GTAGAAGCAG

GTTGATGTTG

ATTGAGCTGA

CATGAGAAGG

ATCGATCACA

AAGTCTTTTA

GCATATAAAT

TACAAAAGCA

AGATTCCGAG

TTGGTTTACG

CTCAGATATG

AGTGAAGCAA

AACATTCTAA

AGCAAGAGAA

ATTGTATTCT

GATGCAACTT

GTGCTTTTGC

ACTGCGACTC

AAGACTGTTG

ACAAGAGGAG

CAAGCATATG

GTGTGTGTCG

GGTACAAAAC

CGTCTCTGTA

TTCGGCTAGA

TCCTAAGTTT

AGAAGCATCT

CTAAGAGTGC

TGATGGCGAT

CCTCTTATTG

TTAGCTGGAA

ACGGCGACAT

TACCTAATCT

GGGAACATTA

AAGGGTTTAG

ATCAAGTACT

ATAAGGATGC

TTATCAAGCT

TGGGGTTCAA

GTTACCTAAT

ATCACGAAGT

TTTTGGAATT

GGATCCCTGC

TCTTAAGGCC

GTATAAAGCT

CCCAGCTGCT

ATATTTCGGA

TCTTAAGGAT

TGTATCTGAT

ATTACCTGCA

CGTCACTGCT

TGGGATAACG

GAAAATGATC

TGGAGGGCTT

CCCTGCTGGA

AATACATGT T

TCCAGCTTTT

TGGCATCGAG

TATGATAATG

CTCCACTGGA

AGACAATGAA

TGGACATTCC

CGAAGAGAGG

GGAAGAGAAA

AGAAGTGGAA

CGGGGACATC

AGCCATTGGA

TCTCGAAGCA

GATGGAGAAG

120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600 660 720 780 840 900 960 1020 1080 1140 1200 1260 1320 1380 1440 1449 200 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/42831 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:132: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 482 amino acids TYPE: amino acid STRANDEDNESS: unknown PCT/US98/06051 TOPOLOGY: linear Met 1 Arg Gin Val Val Ser Leu Leu Met Met 145 Asn Cys Lys Ala Leu 225 Thr Pro Trp His Glu Glu Leu Lys Leu 130 Gly Asp Gly Phe Lys 210 Tyr (ii) (xi) Lys SAla STyr Val SGly Ser Pro 1 Lys 115 His Leu SAla SGly Ser 195 Tyr Asp MOLECULE TYPE: protein SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ Lys Ser Gly Val Leu Ile Leu 5 10 Ala Asp Phe Leu Ala Ser Val 25 Lys Thr Tyr Phe Gly Ala Asp 40 Ile Val Ala Ser Leu Tyr Leu Ile Ser Asp Val Glu Ala Val 70 Leu Leu Lys Tyr Val Ser Gin 90 Ala Ser Cys His Ala Val Val .00 105 His Leu Val Thr Ala Ser Tyr 120 Glu Lys Ala Lys Ser Ala Gly 135 Asp Pro Gly Ile Asp His Met 150 His Ile Lys Lys Gly Lys Val 165 170 Leu Pro Ser Pro Ala Ala Ala 180 185 Trp Asn Pro Ala Gly Ala Ile 200 Lys Ser Asn Gly Asp Ile Ile 215 Ser Ala Ala Arg Phe Arg Val 230 ID NO:132: Gly Ala Gly Arg Val Cys Arg Ser Lys Arg 75 Val Ala Val Ile Met 155 Lys Asn Arg His Pro 235 Ile Ser Glu Lys Ala Lys Asp Val Val Val Thr Cys 110 Asp Glu 125 Ile Leu Met Lys Phe Thr Pro Leu 190 Gly Gin 205 Asp Gly Leu Pro Ser Thr Glu Ser Leu Ile Thr Gly Met Ser 175 Ala Asn Lys Ala Gin Asp Thr Asp Ser Glu Ser Glu Ile 160 Tyr Tyr Pro Asn Phe 240 201 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/4283 1 Ala Leu Tyr Gly Tyr Glu Phe Asp 290 Phe Giy 305 Ser Glu Leu Gly Phe Leu Val Phe 370 Gly Asn 385 Phe Leu Phe Gly Val Gly Ile Lys 450 Glu Ile Gly 275 Ser Ala Pro His Gly 355 Asp Glu Glu Asp Ile 435 Thr Cys Giu 260 Phe Giu Leu Leu Ser 340 Phe Ala Gin Ser Ile 420 Pro Arg Phe 245 Ser Ser Ala Leu Al a 325 Lys As n Thr Asp Lys 405 Lys Al a Gly Pro Giu Met Asn Ser 310 Gly Glu Giu Cys Met 390 Arg Asn Al a Val As n Al a Ile Gin 295 Asn Glu Thr Glu Tyr 375 Val Ile Gly Ile Leu 455 Arg Thr Met 280 Val1 Ile Glu Ala Arg 360 Leu Leu Giu Gin Gly 440 Arg Asp Thr 265 Al a Leu Leu Giu Ala 345 Glu Met Leu Lys Thr 425 Al a Pro Ser 250 Ile Thr Ser Asn Ile 330 Lys Val Glu His His 410 Thr Leu Leu Leu Phe Leu Thr Lys 315 Ser Al a Pro Giu His 395 Thr Thr Val Glu Val1 Arg Ser Gi y 300 Asp Lys Ala Ser Lys 380 Giu Al a Al a Leu Al a 460 T yr Gly Lys 285 Lys Al a Arg Lys Leu 365 Leu Val Thr Met Ile 445 Glu Gly Thr 270 Leu Arq Asp Ile Thr 350 Cys Al a Giu Leu Ala 430 Glu Val PCT/US98/06051 Glu His 255 Leu Arg Gly Phe Ile Thr Asn Giu 320 Ile Lys 335 Ile Val Lys Ser Tyr Ser Val Giu 400 Leu Glu 415 Lys Thr Asp Lys Tyr Leu Pro Ala Leu Asp Ile Leu Gin Ala Tyr Gly Ile Lys Leu Met Giu Lys 465 Ala Glu 470 202 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) Where the terms "comprise", "comprises", "comprised" or "comprising" are used in this specification, they are to be interpreted as specifying the presence of the stated features, integers, steps or components referred to, but not to preclude the presence or addition of one or more other feature, integer, step, component or group thereof.

0

IL

202a 30/11/01,mc10763.comp,202

Claims (18)

1. An isolated nucleic acid fragment comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding all or part of a bifunctional plant protein having lysine ketoglutarate reductase and saccharopine dehydrogenase activity.

2. The nucleic acid fragment of Claim 1 wherein the nucleic acid sequence encodes a polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 104, SEQ ID NO: 105, SEQ ID NO: 112, SEQ ID NO:117, SEQ ID NO:118, SEQ ID NO:121, SEQ ID NO:122, SEQ ID NO:124, SEQ ID NO:126, SEQ ID NO:128, SEQ ID NO:130 or SEQ ID NO:132 or a functional equivalent thereof

3. The nucleic acid fragment of Claim 1 comprising a nucleic acid sequence wherein the nucleic acid sequence is SEQ ID NO:110, SEQ ID NO: 11, SEQ ID NO:115, SEQ ID NO: 116, SEQ ID NO: 119, SEQ ID NO:120, SEQ ID NO: 123, SEQ ID NO: 125, S. SEQ ID NO:127, SEQ ID NO:129 or SEQ ID NO:131 or a functional equivalent thereof.

4. The nucleic acid fragment of Claim 1 comprising a nucleic acid sequence of 15 SEQ ID NO:110, SEQ ID NO:111, SEQ ID NO:115, SEQ ID NO:116, SEQ ID NO:119, SEQ ID NO: 120, SEQ ID NO: 123, SEQ ID NO:125, SEQ ID NO:127, SEQ ID NO:129 or SEQ ID NO: 131. The nucleic acid fragment of Claim 1 wherein the nucleic acid sequence 0. encodes a polypeptide as set forth in SEQ ID NO:104, SEQ ID NO:105, SEQ ID NO:112, SEQ ID NO:117, SEQ ID NO:118, SEQ ID NO:121, SEQ ID NO:122, SEQ ID NO:124, SEQ ID NO:126, SEQ ID NO: 128, SEQ ID NO:130 or SEQ ID NO: 132.

6. A chimeric gene comprising the isolated nucleic acid fragment of Claim 1 encoding said bifunctional plant protein or a subfragment thereof, operably linked to suitable seed-specific regulatory sequences wherein said chimeric gene reduces lysine ketoglutarate reductase activity in seeds of plants transformed with the chimeric gene.

7. The chimeric gene according to Claim 6 wherein the isolated nucleic acid fragment comprises a nucleic acid sequence of or a functionally equivalent subsequence of SEQ ID NO:110, SEQ ID NO:111, SEQ ID NO:115, SEQ ID NO: 116, SEQ ID NO:119, SEQ ID NO:120, SEQ ID NO:123, SEQ ID NO:125, SEQ ID NO:127, SEQ ID NO:129 or SEQ ID NO:131. S203 0 9 /04/02,mcl 076 3 .claims0904,203

8. A plant cell wherein lysine ketoglutarate reductase activity is reduced by artificial introduction of a mutation in a gene encoding lysine ketoglutarate reductase.

9. A plant cell transformed with the chimeric gene of Claim 6 or 7 wherein said transformed plant cell has reduced lysine ketoglutarate reductase activity. A plant seed wherein lysine ketoglutarate reductase activity is reduced by artificial introduction of a mutation in a gene encoding lysine ketoglutarate reductase.

11. A plant seed transformed with the chimeric gene of Claim 6 or 7 wherein said transformed plant seed has reduced lysine ketoglutarate reductase activity.

12. The plant cell according to Claim 9 wherein said plant cell is selected from the group of plants consisting of Arabidopsis, corn, soybean, rapeseed, wheat and rice.

13. The plant seed according to Claim 11 wherein said plant seed is selected from the group of plants consisting of Arabidopsis, corn, soybean, rapeseed, wheat and rice.

14. A method for reducing lysine ketoglutarate reductase activity in a 20 plant seed which comprises: a) transforming plant cells with the chimeric gene of Claim 6 or 7; b) regenerating fertile mature plants from the transformed plant cells obtained from step a) under conditions suitable to obtain seeds; c) screening progeny seed of step b) for reduced lysine 25 ketoglutarate reductase activity; and d) selecting those lines whose seeds contain reduced lysine ketoglutarate reductase activity. Seed obtained from the plant of Claim 14.

16. A nucleic acid fragment comprising: a) a first chimeric gene of Claim 6 or 7; and b) a second chimeric gene wherein a nucleic acid fragment encoding dihydrodipicolinic acid synthase which is substantially insensitive to inhibition by lysine is operably linked to a plant chloroplast transit sequence and to -,AL a plant seed-specific regulatory sequence. 204 7 r30/1 1/01,mc10763.claims,204 Q^^

17. A plant comprising in its genome a first chimeric gene of Claim 6 or 7 wherein said gene reduces lysine ketoglutarate reductase activity in seeds of transformed plants and a second chimeric gene wherein a nucleic acid fragment encoding dihydrodipicolinic acid synthase which is substantially insensitive to inhibition by lysine is operably linked to a plant chloroplast transit sequence and to a plant seed-specific regulatory sequence.

18. A plant comprising in its genome the nucleic acid fragment of Claim 16.

19. Seed obtained from the plant of Claim 17 comprising in its genome the first and second chimeric genes. Seed obtained from the plant of Claim 18 comprising in its genome the nucleic fragment of Claim 16.

21. A method of isolating a plant cell or seed with reduced lysine ketoglutarate reductase activity due to a mutation in a gene encoding lysine ketoglutarate reductase, the method comprising: mutagenesis of plant seeds or tissues screening plants or tissues derived from part for increased lysine content determining if single or multiple mutations exist within a gene, S 20 or genes responsible for lysine ketoglutarate reductase activity.

22. The nucleic acid fragment of Claim 1, the plant cell of Claim 8, the plant seed of Claim 10 or the method of Claim 21 substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to any one of the Examples. 25 DATED this 3 0 th day of November, 2001 E.I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS AND COMPANY By their Patent Attorneys: CALLINA LAWRIE 205 I. 30/11/01,mc10763.claims,205 .L.