AU632472B2 - Molecular cloning and expression of genes encoding lipolytic enzymes - Google Patents

Abstract

Novel microbial host strains are provided which are transformed by a vector molecule comprising a DNA fragment encoding a lipolytic enzyme and a marker for selection, capable of producing active lipase. Said DNA fragment is preferably derived from a Pseudomonas species.

Description

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OPI DATE 16/10/89 P~T 'AOJP DATE -109/11/89 INTERNATIONAL APPLICATItG.

APPLN. ID 32947 89 PCT NUMBER PCT/EP89,/00342 (51) International Patent Classification 4 C1N 15/00, 9/20, 1/20 (C12N 1 :20, C12R 1:07, 1:19 C12R 1:38) (11) International Publication Number: WO 89/ 09263 Al (43) International Publication Date: 5 October 1989 (05.10.89) (21) International Application Number: PCT/EP89/00342 (22) International Filing Date: 28 March 1989 (28.03.89) (31) Priority Application Numbers: 88200572.1 (EP) 88201982.1 (EP) (32) Priority Dates: 25 March 1988 (25.03.88) 12 September 1988 (12.09.88) (33) Priority Countries: NL, et al.

(71) Applicant (for all designated States except US): GIST BROCADES N.V. (NL/NLJ; Wateringseweg 1, P.O.

Box 1, NL-2600 MA Delft (NL).

(72) Inventorsi; and Inventors/Applicants (for US only) ANDREO LI, Peter, Michael [NL/NL]; Molenlaan I111, NL-3055 EJ Rotterdam COX, Maria, Mathilde, Josephina [NL/ NL]; Rokin 38 111, NL-1012 KT Amsterdam (NL).

FARIN, Farrokh [IR/NL]; Van Beethovenlaan NL-2394 HC Hazerswoude-Rijndijk WOHL- FARTH, Suzanne [DE/DE]; er~c~~a -45 ~clnf n, D-4600 Dort- (74) Agents: HUYGENS, Arthur, Victor et at.; Gist Brocades Patents and Trade Marks Department, Wateringseweg 1, P.O. Box 1, NL-2600 MA Delft

(NL).

(81) Designated States: AU, BG, BR, DK, FI, HU, JP, KR, NO, SU, US.

Published With international search report.

(54) Title: MOLECULAR CLONING AND EXPRESSION OF GENES ENCODING LIPOLYTIC ENZYMES LIPASE MI1 470 lt IC AAC AAA ACC e C C ecC ccC eC ICC ACC ON IC C C CIOec I~C 1.14 Gee oil CIA cc cC CCC IC CCC cC Ace I I t I LL A L C I q C I L L LI Il ALIA GL I CCC Tic Ice AIC ICC AC TAG CCC ICC ITO CCIC CAC GAG Ic CC CC e TC CIC ACC aCCCC CC., CCC GACIC C TI CC CIO C ICC C I IL I I C I LI Ia 1 11L C y D I W I a I CCC TOO Ice CIC CIO *cc CiC ccc CCC ICC OT C I AIcC CIA eCC ICC CiC CCC liC AcC Ic GAG eCC CCC aceC CA CAC eCC C11 I I L I 1 1 0 II II1 IIW CLI C SI L I I tLL 300 IlL Ito eC eCl eC CIA CAC AtC CCC CCC rc Ace GCC LA AG C C C C cC eceCC C.C CAC ACC CAT CC CCC M, $,ll eCC CCC tcC CC I A A 1 A 1 A A a I A L W A I A V Ito Ito A Ito IcC CCC CCA CCC CCC CAC CCC -C ccc: TC eCC AcC IcC CCC CCC CCC CCn CAC AAc CCC TOO CAC ICC CCC CAC TIC IC CC GAG Ac AL ICCCL I IA CI C 1 A? CIC 1 011ACD II I I ace CCC CC ICC CC CCI CIC CC AlA C acC CIC AtC CCC IC CCC CCC CCC CC. eCC ICC LLC CCC C C CC CeC ICC cc ICCAIC ACC OTC C AIC CCC eC CCC CCC CIG CIA TC CCC IC LCC eCC cC CC CCC CCC CCC AnC CCC IC TAT CCC; CAC CCC iCC aCC ICC 1? I ALL 4 1 1 LII C 1 a LLA A 1 1C I C 9aI CCI ISO Ila Ito ICC cC CC CCC CA CC cC IIC OTCCCkAtl CCC CCC ICC TICAC TcC ?CC ICC CC ICC CC AGO cC etc A ICC CCC vCC AGO C A CCC eC CC CCCC C CCC CCC I CCIC C C CGAC CCG IC COC CCC c CCC CCC CCC ?CCAG IC CCC CI CCC CCIC CC, Il G. L C ,I L I 1I I ?I cCLI C aCCI I I L CIV Ate CCC CIC CAC CAC CC. ICC AAC CiC CCC CAC CIC eC ICO CAC AcC CIC CNO CCC ICC ACC CCC CC IC CC C1 Ci CICC ce CAC CCC C CC C CC AdC C IAL C.CC CCC.C CCC CI 057) Abstract I A L I Novel microbial host strains are providedI which are transformed by a vector molecule comprising a DNA fragment encoding A lipolytic enzyme and a marker for selection, capable of producing active lipase. Said DNA fragment is preferably derived from a Pseudomonas species.

S WO 89/09263 PCT/EP89/00342

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MOLECULAR CLONING AND EXPRESSION OF GENES ENCODING LIPOLYTIC ENZYMES

INTRODUCTION

Technical Field This invention relates to the preparation, by recombinant DNA technology, of enzymes for the enzymatic degradation of fatty materials, specifically lipolytic enzymes which have characteristics which make them suitable for use as detergent additives.

Background A special problem associated with laundry cleaning is the removal of stains of a fatty nature.

Currently, fat-containing dirt is emulsified and removed using a combination of elevated temperature and high alkalinity. However, there is a recent strong tendency toward the use of relatively low washing temperatures, namely about 40*C or lower, conditions particularly unsuited for fatty stain removal. There is therefore a need for detergent additives which are effective at the lower washing temperatures, stable in high alkaline detergent solutions and stable under storing conditions in both solid and liquid detergent compositions. A group of enzymes which hydrolize triglycerides are lipases Lipases are widely distributed, occurring in many different prokaryotic organisms, as well as eukaryotic cells. Depending upon the source of the enzyme, substrate specificity as well as other characteristics including stability under various conditions, varies widely. Lipases have been used in detergent compositions, however those used exhibited low cleaning efficiency under washing conditions and in| addition, did not meet the stability requirements for detergent use.

Lipolytic enzymes which are capable of exhibiting lipase activity under modern washing conditions, 1 WO 89/09263 PCT/EP89/00342 they are stable and effective at high detergent concentrations, at high pH and at low washing temperatures, are produced by certain strains belonging to the species of Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes, Pseudomonas stutzeri and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (see European Patent Application EP-A-0218272). However, these species are potentially pathogenic for plants and animals, and few data are available on the fermentation conditions required for an effective production process for lipases using these microorganisms.

It is therefore desirable to develop an efficient and safe way to produce lipolytic enzymes having the desired characteristics for detergent additives.

Moreover, it is desirable that the lipases be secreted by the host organism so that the enzyme may be recovered directly from the extracellular fluid of the fermentation mixture.

Relevant Literature For lipases produced by Pseudomonas species it is known that the culture conditions strongly influence the final localization of these enzymes (Sugiura, In: "Lipases", eds. B. Borgstrom and H.L. Brockman (1984) pp. 505-523, Elsevier, Amsterdam). Problems are often encountered in obtaining efficient expression of heterologous genes in microorganisms, including incorrect folding of the proteins formed, protein degradation and improper localization of the products. Harris, In: "Genetic Engineering", Vol. 4 (1983), Academic Press, New York. In E. coli the use of secretion- S cloning vectors generally enables the transport of heterologous gene products into the periplasmic space and products are only occasionally found in the culture medium; Lunn et al., Current Topics in Microbiol. and Immunol. 125 (1986) 59-74. When using E. coli as the host cell, cloned microbial lipases, described by Gotz et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 13 (1985) 5895-5906, Kugimiya et Biochem. Biophys.

Res. Commun. 141 (1986) 185-190 and Odera et al., J.

f l l l l l l l l l r WO 89/09263 PCT/EP89/00342 3 Ferment. Technol. 64 (1986) 363-371, are poorly secreted into the culture medium.

Wohlfarth and Winkler, J. Gen. Microbiol. 134 (1988) 433-440, report on the physiological characterization of newly isolated lipase-deficient mutants from Pseudomonas aeruqinosa strain PAO 2302 and on the chromosomal mapping and cloning of the corresponding gene.

Bacillus species, in particular Bacillus subtilis strains have been used with varying degrees of success as host strains for the expression of both foreign and endogenous genes and for the secretion of the encoded protein products. For a review, see for example Sarvas, Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology 125 (1986) 103-125, H.C. Wu and P.C. Tai, eds., Springer Verlag; also see Himeno et al., F.E.M.S. Microbiol. Letters 35 (1986) 17- 21.

U.S. Patent No. 3,950,277 and British Patent Specification No. 1,442,418 disclose lipase enzymes combined with an activator and calcium and/or magnesium ions, respectively, which are utilized to pre-soak soiled fabrics and to remove triglyceride stains and soils from polyester or polyester/cotton fabric blends, respectively. Suitable microbial lipases disclosed include those derived from Pseudomonas, Aspergillus, Pneumococcus, Staphylococcus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mvcotorula lipolvtica and Sclerotinia.

British Patent Specification No. 1,372,034 discloses a detergent composition comprising a bacterial lipase produced by Pseudomonas stutzeri strain ATCC 19154.

The patent further discloses that the preferred lipolytic enzymes should have a pH optimum between 6 and 10, and should be active in said range, preferably between 7 and 9.

(This presumed Pseudomonas stutzeri strain has been reclassified as Pseudomonas aerucinosa).

European Patent Application (EP-A) 0130064 discloses an enzymatic detergent additive comprising a lipase isolated from Fusarium oxvsporum which has a higher L U L

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WO 89/09263 PCT/EP89/00342 4 lipolytic cleaning efficiency than conventional lipases.

Lipolytic detergent additives were also disclosed in, e.g., British Patent Specification No. 1,293,613 and Canadian Patent No. 835,343.

European Patent Applications EP-A-0205208 and EP-A-0206396 disclose use of Pseudomonas and Chromobacter lipases in detergents. For a comprehensive review article on lipases as detergent additives, see Andree et al., J. Appl.

Biochem. 2 (1980) 218-229d SUM4MARY OF THE INVENTION Novel compositions comprising transformed microbial cells, and methods for their preparation, are provided which produce lipolytic enzymes suitable for use in detergent compositions. Host microbial cells are transformed using expression cassettes comprising a DNA sequence encoding a lipolytic enzyme which is active at alkaline pH and stable under laundry washing conditions. Methods for preparation of the lipolytic enzymes include cloning and expression in microbial systems and screening on the basis of DNA homology.

m; i- n l O q D C- irl DNA sequences comprising a genre coding a lipolytic enzyme derived from a Pseudomonas se doalcali enes strain and a Pseudomonas aeruqinosa strai respectively.

Of particular interest for the production of lipase are lipase gene derived from certain Pseudomonas species.

BRIE DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS F qure 1: Strategy of the lipolytic enzyme gene cloning. Fo symbols see the legend in Figure 2.

Fiqure 2: Restiction map of pAT1. A number of restri ion enzyme recognition sites have been determined in i i i j: j :i s 4 j~r~B -s4 i S i I I' i ,1 -I ;I I olilllift o i i i Accordingly the present invention provides a transformed microbial host cell comprising an expression cassette which includes in the direction of transcription: a transcriptional regulatory region and a translational initiation region functional in said host cell; a DNA sequence encoding a lipolytic enzyme obtained from a prokaryotic microorganism wherein said enzyme is characterized as having a pH optimum in the range of 8 to 10.5, measured in a pH-stat under conditions of TLU determination, and exhibiting lipase activity in an aqueous solution containing a detergent at a concentration up to g/l of solution under washing conditions at a temperature of about 60°C or below and at a pH between 7 and 11; and translational and transcriptional termination regions functional in said host cell; wherein expression of said DNA sequence is regulated by said transcriptional and translational regions.

Also provided for transformation is a recombinant DNA construct comprising: in the direction of transcription, a transcriptional regulatory region functional in a microbial host cell; a DNA sequence encoding a lipolytic enzyme obtained from a prokaryotic microorganism, wherein said enzyme is characterized as having a pH optimum in the range of 8 to 10.5, measured in a pH-stat under conditions of TLU determination, and exhibiting lipase activity in an aqueous solution containing a detergent at a concentration up to g/1 of solution under washing conditions at a temperature of about 60 0 C or below and at a pH between 7 and 11; and a transcriptional termination regulatory region functional in said host cell.

Two novel DNA sequences are also provided, said DNA sequences comprising a gene encoding a lipolytic enzyme derived from a Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes strain and a 9 4a c-iftwf

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wn RoMo1s6 PrTIFPRao00342 ii i Pseudomonas aeruqinosa strain, respectively.

Of particular interest for the production of lipase are lipase genes derived from certain Pseudomonas species.

There is also provided a pure lipolytic enzyme wherein said enzyme is characterized as having a pH optimum in the range of 8 to 10.5, measured in a pH-stat under conditions of TLU determination, and exhibiting lipase activity in an aqueous solution containing a detergent at a concentration up to g/l of solution under washing conditions at a temperature of about 60 0 C or below and at a pH between 7 and 11; and wherein said enzyme is obtained from a transformed microbial host comprising an expression cassette which includes in the 5'-3' direction of transcription, a transcriptional regulatory region and a translational initiation region functional in I: said host cell; a DNA sequence encoding said lipolytic enzyme I *obtained from a prokaryotic microorganism; and I "translational and transcriptional termination regions 20 functional in said host cell, wherein expression of said DNA sequence is under regulatory control of said transcriptional and translational regions and a method for preparing a lipolytic enzyme wherein said enzyme is characterized as having a pH optimum in the range of 8 to 10.5, measured S* 25 in a pH-stat under conditions of TLU determination, and exhibiting lipase activity in an aqueous o ;solution containing a detergent at a concentration up to oeo :g/l of solution under washing conditions at a temperature of about 60 0 C or below and at a pH between 7 and 11; and said method comprising: growing in a nutrient medium a host cell comprising an expression cassette which includes in the 5'-3' *direction of tanscription; a transcriptional regulatory region and a translational initiation region functional in said host cell; a DNA sequence encoding said lipolytic enzyme obtained from a prokaryotic microorganism; and translational and transcriptional termination regions I79 x- 4b functional in said host cell, wherein expression of said DNA sequence is under regulatory control of said transcriptional and translational regions; and isolating said lipolytic enzyme from the nutrient broth.

BkIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1: Strategy of the lipolytic enzyme gene cloning. For symbols see the the legend in Figure 2.

Figure 2: Restriction map of pAT1. A number of restrictions enzyme recognition sites have been determined in plasmid pAT1.

S **r S* 39 N 4c e~ii ooo o°°o°°o

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WO 89/09263 PCT/EP89/00342 I pUN121 vector DNA Thai IV 17-1 DNA insert Symbols used are: Ori E. coli: E. cli origin of replication Apr: the pUN121 gene encoding ampicillin resistance; Tcr: the pUN121 gene encoding tetracycline resistance; cl: the bacteriophage lambda gene encoding the cI repressor.

The position at which partially Sau3A digested chromosomal DNA of Pseudomonas stutzeri Thai IV 17-1 (CBS 461.85) was ligated to pUN121 is indicated by BclI/Sau3A.

The position of the gene encoding lipolytic activity is indicated by a dashed line.

Figure 3: Restriction map of pAT3. The symbols are the same as used in Figure 2.

Fiqure 4: Restriction map of pET1. The symbols are the same as used in Figure 2.

Figure 5: Restriction map of pET3. The symbols are the same as used in Figure 2.

Figure 6: Restriction map of pAM1. The symbols are the same as used in Figure 2.

Figure 7: Restriction map of pM6-5. The symbols are the same as used in Figure 2.

Figure 8: Restiction map of pP5-4. The symbols are the same as used in Figure 2. The position at which partially EcoRI* digested chromosomal DNA of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus GR V-39 (CBS 460.85) was ligated to pUN121 is indicated by EcoRI/EcoRI*.

Fiqure 9: A SDS 10-15% gradient Phastgel (Pharmacia) Figure 9A: after staining with Coomassie Brilliant Blue.

Figure 9B: after staining with P-naphthyl acetate/Fast Blue BB.

Lane 1: lysate from E. coli JM101 hsdS recA strain harbour- 4 r j

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'0 89/09263 PCT/EP89/00342 6 ing pUN121 heated with SDS for 10 min at Lane 2: lysate from E. coli JM101 hsdS recA strain harbouring pET3 heated with SDS for 10 min at Lane 3: culture supernatant from p. stutzeri Thai IV 17-1 strain heated with SDS for 10 min at Lane 4: the same sample as in lane 2 but heated with SDS for min at 95 0

C.

Lane 5: the same sample as in lane 3 but heated with SDS for min at Lane 6: the same sample as in lane 2 but incubated with SDS for 10 min at room temperature.

Lane 7: the sai k sample as in lane 3 but incubated with SDS for 10 min at room temperature.

Lane 8: low molecular weight protein markers from Pharmacia.

Figure 10: SDS 13% polyacrylamide gel after staining with Coomassie Brilliant Blue.

Lane 1: purified M-l lipase Lane 2: low molecular weight protein markers (Pharmacia).

Fiaure 11: Restriction map of pTMPv18A.

I: pTZ18R vector DNA M-1 DNA insert Symbols used are: Ori E. coli: E. coli origin of replication derived from pBR322 vector fl ori: origin of replication from the filamentous bacteriophage fl PT7: promoter of the bacteriophage T7 for preparing in vitro transcripts Apr: gene encoding ampicillin resistance Lip: gene encoding the M-1 lipase.

Fiqure 12 shows the nucleotide sequence (i.e.

the first 942 nucleotides) of the M-l lipase gene and the derived amino acid sequence of the M-1 lipase. The termination codon TGA is indicated by an asterisk. The A box represents the active center of the lipase protein. The arrow indicates the putative signal peptidase cleavage site.

The amino terminal sequence of the mature lipase protein is ii i r i

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WO 89/09263 PCT/EP89/00342 7 underlined.

Fiaure 13: Restriction map of pSW103 pUC19 vector DNA PAO 1 DNA insert Symbols used are: Ori E. coli: cl origin of replication derived from pBR322 vector Plac: promoter of the E. coli lac operon Apr: gene encoding ampicillin resistance Lip: gene encoding the PAO 1 lipase.

Figure 14: Partial nucleotide sequence of the PAO lipase gene from the internal SalI site) and derived amino acid sequence of the PAO lipase. The termination codon TAG is indicated by an asterisk. The A box represents the active center of the lipase protein.

Figure 15: The construction of the plasmids pBHAM1 and pBHCM1. Symbols used are: Bacillus ori: Bacillus origin of replication Kmr: the pUB110 gene encoding neomycin resistance Cm: the Tn9 transposon gene encoding chloramphenicol resistance.

PHpaII: HpaII promoter of plasmid pUB110.

Other symbols as in Figure 11.

Figure 16 shows the construction of plasmid pBHAMIN1. The symbols are the same as used in Figure Figure 17 illustrates the construction of plasmid pTZNIM1. Symbols used are: lac Za: N-terminal part of LacZ gene encoding the a-domain of /-galactosidase.

Plac: promoter of the coli lac operon.

Other symbols as in Figure 11.

Figure 18 shows the construction of plasmid pMCTM1. Symbols used are: Cmr: gene encoding chlcramphenicol resistance Ptac: hybrid tr-~ golj promoter.

Other symbols as in Figures 11 and a

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I 89/09263 PCT/EP89/00342 :5 Lane A: pTZl8RN Lane B: pTZNIMI1 i Lane C: pMCTMl Lane D: purified M- lipase from Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligaenes strain M-I. The molecular mass of marker proteins (Rainbow T from Amersham) is indicated in kDa at the right.

SFiure 20: The construction of plasmid pBHM1Nl.

The symbols are the same as used in Figure SFiqure 21: Autoradiograph of 35 S labeled proteins synthesized in vitro.

S 15 Lanes A-D: Immunoprecipitation of the in vitro translated I samples by monoclonal antibodies against M-l lipase.

Lanes E-H: In vitro transcription/translation products of M the following plasmids: Lanes A and E: pTZ18RN Lanes B and F: pTMPv18A Lanes C and G: pMCTMl Lanes D and H: pMCTbliMI Pse1 i Figures 22A and 22B: Detection of lipase| were digested with restriction enzyme as indicated, separated on 0.8% agarose gel blotted onto nitrocellulose filters Sand hybridized with the nick-translated insert of pET3 and pTMPv18A, respectively.

Figure 22A shows the autoradiograph after Shybridization with the pET3 EcoRI insert. .a Figure 22B shows the autoradiograph after hybridization with the pTMPvlSA XhoI-EcoRV insert.

Lane A: HindIII/gStI digest of plasmid pTMPvl8A Lane B: EcoRI digest of plasmid pET3. Dete n of of paBRL DNA gel marker. MW of 0.5, 1.0, 1.6, 2.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6it.0, 7, es 8,,t 9, 10, 11, 12 kbindicae ted 08% grs glblotte onto nitrocellulose filters i 1 WO 89/0926 PCT/EP89/00342 9 Lane C: Sail digest of P. pseudoalcaligenes M-1 (CBS 473.85) Lane D: SalI digest of R. pseudoalcalicenes IN 11-5 (CBS 468.85) Lane E: SalI digest of P. alcalicenes DSM 50342 Lane F: SalI digest of E. aeruainosa PAC 1R (CBS 136.89) Lane G: Sail digest of P. aeruginosa PA02302 (6-1) Lane H: SalI digest of P. stutzeri Thai IV 17-1 (CBS 461.85) Lane I: SaI digest of E. stutzeri PG-I-3 (CBS 137.89) Lane J: SalI digest of F. stutzeri PG-I-4 (CBS 138.89) Lane K: SAI digest of P. stutzeri PG-II-11.1 (CBS 139.89) Lane L: SalI digest of P. stutzeri PG-II-11.2 (CBS 140.89) Lane M: SalI digest of e. fragi serm. DB1051 Ferm BP 1051) Lane N: SalI digest of P. gladioli (CBS 176.86) Lane 0: SalI digest of A. calcoaceticus Gr-V-39 (CBS 460.85) Lane P: Sail digest of S. aureus (ATCC 27661).

DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS In accordance with the subject invention, novel DNA constructs and novel compositions comprising microbial strains producing lipolytic enzymes are provided. The lipases of interest in the present invention possess a pH optimum between about 8 and 10.5, exhibit effective lipase activity in an aqueous solution containing a cleaning composition at concentrations of up to about 10 g/1 under washing conditions at a temperature of 60°C or below, preferably 30-40 0 C, and at a pH between about 7 and 11, and preferably between about 9 and 10.5. Plasmid constructs comprising a DNA sequence encoding a lipase gene with the desired characteristics are used to transform a host cell which may be either a eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell. The transformed host cell is then grown to express the gene.

The techniques used in isolating the lipase gene are known in the art, including synthesis, isolation from genomic DNA, preparation from cDNA, or combinations thereof.

The various techniques for manipulation of the gene are well

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s 1 i t :il s WO 89/09263 PCT/EP89/00342 kncwn, and include restriction, digestion, resection, ligation, in vitro mutagenesis, primer repair, employing linkers and adaptors, and the like. See Maniatis et al., S"Molecular Cloning", Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, 1982.

Generally, the method comprises preparing a genomic library from an organism expressing a lipase with the desired characteristics. Examples of such lipases are those obtainable from Pseudomnas and Acinetobacter, and in particular from strains belonging to the species of Pseudomonas alcaligenes, Pseudomonas pseudoalcaliaenes. Pseudomonas aeruqinosa, Pseudomonas stutzeri and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. A number of these lipases and strains are more fully described in EP-A-0218272, which disclosure is incorporated herein by reference. The genome of the donor microorganism is isolated and cleaved by an appropriate restriction enzyme, such as Sau3A. The fragments obtained are joined to a vector molecule which has previously been cleaved by a compatible restriction enzyme. An example of a suitable vector is plasmid pUN121 which can be cleaved by the restriction endonuclease BclI. Further, the amino acid sequence can be used to design a probe to screen a cDNA or a genomic library prepared from mRNA or DNA from cells of interest as donor cells for a lipase gene.

Furthermore, by using the lipase DNA or a fragment thereof as a hybridization probe, structurally related genes found in other microorganisms can be easily cloned.

Particularly contemplated is the isolation of genes from Sorganisms that express lipolytic activity using oligonucleotide probes based on the nucleotide sequence of lipase genes obtainable from the organisms described in EP- A-0218272. Alternatively, these oligonucleotides can be derived from the amino acid sequences of lipases of interest. Such probes can be considerably shorter than the entire sequence but should be at least 10, preferably at least 14, nucleotides in length. Longer oligonucleotides are also useful, up to the full length of the gene, preferably i' I WO 89109263 PCEP89/0034 11 no more than 500, more preferably no more than 300, nucleotides in length. Both RNA and DNA probes can be used.

In use, the probes are typically labeled in a detectable manner with 32 P, 35S, 3 H, biotin, or avidin) and are incubated with single-stranded DNA and RNA from the organism in which a gene is being sought.

Hybridization is detected by means of the label after single-stranded and double-stranded (hybridized) DNA (DNA/RNA) have been separated (typically using nitrocellulose paper). Hybridization techniques suitable for use with oligonucleotides are well known to those skilled in the art.

Although probes are normally used with a detectable label that allows easy identification, unlabeled oligonucleotides are also useful, both as precursors of labeled probes and for use in methods that provide for direct detection of double-stranded DNA (or DNA/RNA).

Accordingly, the term "oligonucleotide probe" refers to both labeled and unlabeled"forms.

In a preferred embodiment of this invention, the sequence from the Pseudomonas pseudoalcaliaenes lipase is cloned from the strain CBS 473.85 Surprisingly, the cloned lipase of Pseudomonas aeruainosa PAO (ATCC 15692), eenee -showed-a high degxwe-ao-sequence-homology' with the 1 se gene sequence of M-l. Even more surprisingly, a similar g h degree of sequence homology was found between the lipase e sequence of the M-1 strain and the chromosomal DNA of a number of Pseudomonas stutzeri isolates [viz, PG-I-3 (CBS 1 PG-I-4 (CBS 138.89, PG- 11-11.1 (CBS 139.89), PG-II-l.2 CBS 140.89)] and Pseudomonas alcaliaenes DSM 50342. A "highdegree of hybridization" as used in this specification is defined as a continuous sequence stretch of DNA of at: ast 300 bp wherein at least 67% homology is found.

The lipase enzymes of P. aeruainosa an P.

stutzeri were produced and tested for their cleanin i 1 Tr er.

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I

Als which is available to the skilled addressee without restriction, once sequenced showed a high degree of sequence homology with the lipase gene sequence of M-1. Even more surprisingly, a similar high degree of sequence homology was found between the lipase gene sequence of the M- 1 strain and the chromosomal DNA of a number of Pseudomonas stutzeri isolates [viz. PG-I-3 (CBS 137.89), PG-I-4 (CBS 138.89), PG-II-11.1 (CBS 139.89), PG-II-11.2 (CBS 140.89)] and Pseudomonas alcaligenes DSM 50342. Pseudomonas alcaligenes DSM 50342 is available to the skilled addressee without restriction. A "high degree of hybridization" as used in this specification is defined as a continuous sequence stretch of DNA of at least 300 bp wherein at least 67% homology is found.

The lipase enzymes of P. aeruinosa and P. stutzeri were produced and tested for their cleaning performance in the SLM-test. It was surprisingly found that e 00 39 la

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:ws WO 89/09263: PCT/EP89/00342 12 all enzymes showing high levels of homolgy with the M-l lipase gene, also showed superior stability, effectivity and performance under conditions simulating a modern washing process. According to Ausubel et al., Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, 1987-1988, the technique of Southern hybridization is capable of detecting homology to this level. The homologies found were not observed with the P.

gladioli described in EP-A-0O05208 and EP-A-0206390 or the Humicola lancuinosa lipase, described in EP-A-0305216.

Clones containing the inserted DNA fragment may be identified using a direct or positive selection procedure such as that developed for E. coli (Kuhn et al., Gene 44 (1986) 253-263) and for B. subtilis (Gryczan and Dubnau, Gene 20 (1982) 459-469). An example of such a positive selection vector for E. coli is pUN121 (Nilsson et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 11 (1983) 8019-8030).

In addition, clones expressing lipolytic enzymes may be identified, for example, using a isuitabla indicator plate assay, such as agar media containing tributyrin or olive oil in combination with rhodamihe B (Kouker and Jaeger, Appl. Env. Microbiol. 53 (1987) 211). Further, replicated colonies may be screened using an adapted soft agar technique based on the procedure described for detecting esteras activity (Hilgerd and Spizizen, J.

Bacteriol. 114 (1978) 1184). Alternatively, clones expressing lipolytic enzymes may be identified by using genetic complementation in a suitable lipase-negative recipient strain, such as described by Wohlfarth and Winkler, J. Gen. Microbiol, 134 (1988) 433-440.

Once a complete, gene has been identified, either as cDNA or chromosomal DNA, it may then be manipulated in a variety of ways to provide for expression. Microbial hosts may be employed which may include, for example, bacteria, yeasts and fungi, such as E. coli, Kluyveromvces, Asperaillus, Bacillus and Pseudomonas species. Therefore, where C R0 the gene is to be expressed in a host which recognizes the S wild-type transcriptional and translational regulatory

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WO 89/09263 PCT/EP89/00342 13 regions of the lipase, the entire gene with its wild-type and 3' regulatory regions may be introduced into an appropriate expression vector. Various expression vectors exist employing replication systems from prokaryotic cells. See, for example, Pouwels et al., "Cloning Vector, A Laboratory Manual", Elsevier, 1985. These replication systems have been developed to provide for markers which allow for selection of transformants, as well as providing for convenient restriction sites into which the gene may be inserted.

Where the gene is to be expressed in a host which does not recognize the naturally occurring wild-type transcriptional and translational regulatory regions, further manipulation will be required, Conveniently, a variety of 3'-transcriptional regulatory regions are known and may be inserted downstream from the stop codons. The non-coding 5'-region upstream from the structural gene may be removed by endonuclease restriction, Bal31 resection, or the like. Alternatively, where a convenient restriction site is present near the 5' terminus of the structural gene, the structural gene may be restricted and an adapter employed for linking the structural gene to a promoter region, where the adapter provides for lost nucleotides of the structural gene.

Various strategies may be employed for providing for an expression cassette, which in the direction of transcription has a transcriptional regulatory region and a translational initiation region, which may also include regulatory sequences allowing for the induction of regulation; an open reading frame encoding a lipolytic enzyme, desirably including a secretory leader sequence recognized by the proposed host cell; and translational and transcriptional termination regions. The expression cassette may additionally include at least one marker gene. The initiation and termination regions are functional in the host cell, and may be either homologous (derived from the original host), or heterologous (derived from the original host), or heterologous (derived from a foreign source or i i r r a r U i' WO 89/09263 PCT/EP89/00342 14 from synthetic DNA sequences). The expression cassette thus Smay be wholly or partially derived from natural sources, and either wholly or partially derived from sources homologous to the host cell, or heterologous to the host cell. The various DNA constructs (DNA sequences, vectors, plasmids, expression cassettes) of the invention are isolated and/or purified, or synthesizend and thus are not "naturally occurring".

Choice of appropriate regulatory sequences will take into account the following factors which affect expression. In terms of transcriptional regulation, the amount and stability of messenger RNA are important factors which influence the expression of gene products. The amount of mRNA is determined by the copy number of the particular gene, the relative efficiency of its promoter and the factors which regulate the promoter, such as enhancers or repressors. Stability of the mRNA is governed by the susceptibility of the mRNA to ribonuclease enzymes. In general, exonuclease digestion is inhibited by the presence of structural motifs at the ends of the mRNA; palindromic structures, altered nucleotides or specific nucleotide sequences. Endonuclease digestion is believed to occur at specific recognition sites within the mRNA and stable mRNAs would lack these sites. There is also some evidence that mRNAs undergoing high levels of translation are also protected from degradation by the presence of ribosomes on the mRNA.

,i terms of translational regulation, given the presence of mRNA, expression can be regulated by influencing the rate of initiation (ribosome binding to the mRNA), the rate of elongation (translocation of the ribosome across the mRNA), the rate of post-translational modifications and the stability of the gene product. The rate of elongation is probably affected by codon usage, in that the use of codons for rare tRNAs may re uce the translation rate. Initiation is believed to occur -in the region just upstream of the beginning of the coding sequence. In prokaryote, in most t

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3- PCT/EP89/00342 cases this region contains a consensus nucleotide sequence of AGGA, termed the Shine-Dalgarno sequeice. While this sequence characterizes the ribosomal binding site, it is evident that sequences both upstream and downstream can influence successful initiation.

Evidence also points to the presence of nucleotide sequences within the coding region which can affect ribosome binding, possibly by the formation of structural motifs through which the ribosome recognizes the initiation site. Position of the AGGA sequence with respect to the initiating ATG codon can influence expression. It is thus the interaction of all of these factors which determines a particular expression rate. However, the expressed genes have evolved a combination of all of these factors to yield a particular rate of expression. Design of an expression system to yield high levels of gene product must take into consideration not only the particular regions that have been determined to influence expression but also how these regions (and thus their sequences) influence each other.

Illustrative transcriptional regulatory regions or promoters include, for example, those sequences derived from genes overexpressed in industrial production strains.

The transcriptional regulatory region may additionally include regulatory sequences which allow expression of the structural gene to be modulated, for example by presence or absence of nutrients or expression products in the growth medium, temperature, etc. For example, in prokaryotic cells expression of the structural gene may be regulated by temperature uising a regulatory sequence comprising the bacteriophage lambda PL promoter together with the bacteriophage lambda 0 L operator and a temperature-sensitive repressor. Regulation of the promoter is achieved through interaction between the repressor and the operator. Of particular interest ar expression cassettes capable of expressing a lipolytic enzyme which employ the regulatory sequences of Bacillus amylase and i

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16 protease genes. The structural gene of interest is joined downstream from the ribosomal binding site, so as to be under the regulatory control of the transcriptional regulatory region and the translational initiation region.

In addition, a fused gene may be prepared by providing a 5'-sequence to the structural gene which encodes a secretory leader and a processing signal. If functional in the host cell of choice, the signal sequence of the lipase gene itself may also be employed. Illustrative heterologous secretory leaders include the secretory leaders of penicillinase, amylase, protease and yeast alpha-factor. By fusion in proper reading frame with a secretory leader with the structural gene of interest, the mature lipolytic enzyme may be secreted into the culture medium.

The expression cassette may be included within a replication system for episomal maintenance in an appropriate host microorganism or may be provided without a replication system, where it may become integrated into the host genome. The manner of transformation of the host microorganism with the various DNA constructs is not critical to this invention. The DNA may be introduced into the host in accordance with known techniques, such as transformation, using calcium phosphate-precipitated DNA, conjugation, electroporation, transfection by contacting the cells with a virus, micro-injection of the DNA into cells, or the like.

The host cells may be whole cells or protoplasts.

As a host organism, any microorganism may be used which is suitable for production and extraction of a lipolytic enzyme; preferably the host organism is also capable of secreting the enzyme produced whereby the enzyme can be recovered from the cell-free fermentation fluid. The host microoganism is also preferably a non-pathogenic organism. Examples of host organisms which fulfill the above criteria include E. coli, Pseudomonas putida and Bacil41 strains, especially P. subtilis and B. licheniformis, Streptomyces strains and fungi and yeast strains such as Asperaillus and Kluvveromvces, respectively.

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WO 9/09263 PCT/EP89/00342 17 The host strains may be laboratory strains, or can include industrial strain microorganisms. Industrial strains are characterized as being resistant to genetic exchange, such as phage infection or transformation. The strains are stable and may or may not be capable of spore formation. They are prototrophic and modified to provide for high yields of endogenous protein products, such as the enzymes alpha-amylase and various proteases. The yield of an endogenous protein product obtained in an industrial production process can amount to at least 5 g/l w/v).

Industrial strains also secrete DNases, which result in the degradation of DNA in the medium, providing for protection against genetic exchange.

Once the structural gene has been introduced into the appropriate host, the host cell may be grown to express the structural gene. Production levels of lipolytic activity may be comparable to or higher than the original strains from which the genes are derived. The host cell may be grown to high density in an appropriate medium to form a nutrient-rich broth. Where the promoter is inducible, permissive conditions will then be employed, for example, temperature change, exhaustion, or excess of a metabolic product or nutrient, or the like.

Where secretion is provided for, the expression product may be isolated from the growth medium by conventional means. Release of the produced lipolytic enzyme may be enhanced by dilute surfactant solutions. Where secretion is not provided for, host cells may be harvested and lysed in accordance with conventional conditions. The desired product is then isolated and purified in accordance with known techniques, such as chromatography, electrophoresis, solvent extraction, phase separation, or the like.

The subject compositions can be used in a wide variety of ways. The transformed host microorganisms can be used for enhanced production of lipase having characteristics which make it useful in detergent compositions. The cloned lipase genes may also find use in screening for ii r i r i i- -_B -ir i fi:i

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WO 89/09263 PCT/EP89/00342 18 lipase genes, including identification of a lipolytic gene as a lipase rather than an esterase.

They may also be used for enzyme engineering using known techniques relating to random or site-directed mutagenesis resulting in lipases with the required altered characteristics.

The lipolytic enzyme compositions can be used in washing compositions together with a detergent and optionally other ingredients which are commonly used in cleaning compositions. These ingredients can include at least one of surfactants, water softeners such as complex phosphates, alkali metal silicates and bicarbonates; fillers such as alkali metal sulfate; other emzymes such as proteases and amylases; bleaching agents; as well as miscellaneous compounds such as perfumes, optical brighteners, etc.

In the enzymatic cleaning composition according to the invention, the lipase activity is preferably in the range of from 1 to 20,000 TLU/g of composition, while the proteolytic enzyme activity is preferably in the range of from 50 to 10,000 Delft Units/g of cleaning composition. One TLU (true lipase unit) is defined as the titratable fatty acids equivalent to the amount of 1 gmole NaOH/min released from olive oil/Arabic gum emulsion at pH 8.0, 25°C. The Delft Units are defined in J. Amer. Oil Chem. Soc. 60 (1983) 1672.

The cleaning compositions of the invention may be prepared in the usual manner, for example by mixing together the components or by the preparation of an initial premix, which is subsequently finished by mixing with the other ingredients. According to one possible preparation route, one or more lipase preparations are'mixed with one or more of the other compounds to make a concentrate of a predetermined enzymatic activity, which concentrate can then be mixed with the other desired components.

Preferably, the lipolytic enzymes of the invention are in the form of an enzymatic detergent additive. This additive 'may also contain one or more other

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3 i r WO 89/09263 .PCT/EP89/00342 19 enzymes, for example a protease and/or an amylase, which can be used in modern washing compositions, and one or more other components, which are commonly used in the art, for example a non-ionic, salt, stabilizing agent and/or coating agent. The enzymatic detergent additive can comprise in addition to a lipase, a protease and optionally an alphaamylase. The proteolytic enzymes are compatible with the lipolytic enzymes in this formulation. The enzymatic detergent additives are generally mixed with one or more detergents and other components known in the art to form washing compositions. The enzymatic detergent additive, is generally used, in the range from 102 and 107 TLU/g of additive, while the optionally present proteolytic activity is in the range of from 5x10 4 to 106 Delft Units/g.

The enzymatic detergent additives of the invention may be in the form of9, for example, granulates or prills, prepared according to methods which are generally known in the art. See, for example, British Patents Nos.

1,324,116 and 1,362,365 and U.S. Patents Nos. 3,519,570, 4,106,991 and 4,242,219.

The enzymatic detergent addi-tive can be in liquid form with an enzyme stabilizer, for example propylene glycol. They can also be in the form of organic or inorganic slurries, emulsions or encapsulates, immobilized on a soluble or insoluble support or in an aqueous or waterfree solution in the presence of one or more stabilizers.

Such additives are preferably used in liquid detergent compositions.

WO 89/09263 PCT/EP89/00342 20 The following examples are offered by way of illustration and not by way of limitation.

EXPERIMENTAL

General cloning techniques were used as described by Maniatis e t al., "Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual", Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1982, CSH, New York. All DNA-modifying enzymes were obtained from commercial suppliers. They were used according to the manufacturer's instructions. Materials and apparatus for DNA purification and separation were used according to the instructions from the supplier.

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Molecular Cloning of riacvlalvcerol Acvlhvdrolases A. Source of DNA and Select on Vector EP-A-0218272 dis loses several strains of bac- Steria which produce lipases uitable for use in detergents.

Of these, Acinetobacter calco ceticus Gr V-39 (CBS 460.85), Pseudomonas stutzeri Thai IV 1 -1 (CBS 461.85), Pseudomonas pseudoalcaliaenes IN 11-5 (CB 468.85) and Pseudomonas pseudoalcaliaenes M-l (CBS 473.85 were selected as a source of lipolytic genes.

Plasmid vector pUN121 Nilsson et al., Nucleic i! Acids Research 11 (1983) 8019) whic carries an ampicillin resistance gene, a tetracycline resi tance gene and the cI repressor gene of bacteriophage lamb a was obtained from Dr. M. Uhl&n, Royal Institute of, Techn logy, Department of Biochemistry, Teknikringen 10, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden.

Transcription of the tetracycline gene i prevented by the 3.5.-wcI repressor. Insertion of foreign DNA into the unique restriction sites (BclI, SmaI, HindIII and coRI) results in i 1p 0:~ EXAMPLE 1 Molecular Cloning of Triacylalvcerol Acvlhydrolases A. Source of DNA and Selection Vector EP-A-0218272 discloses several strains of bacteria which produce lipases suitable for use in detergents. In this application 6 microbiological deposits were made including CBS 460.85, 461.85, 467.85, 468.85, 471.85 and 473.85. Samples of these bacteria are readily available to the person skilled in the art with no restriction. Of these, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus Gr V-39 (CBS 460.85), Pseudomonas stutzeri Thai IV 17-1 (CBS 461.85), Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes IN (CBS 468.85) and Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes M-l (CBS 473.85) were selected as a source of lipolytic genes.

Plasmid vector pUN121 (Nilsson et al., Nucleic Acids Research 11 (1983) 8019) which carries an ampicillin resistance gene, a tetracycline resistance gene and the cI S 20 repressor gene of bacteriphage lambda was obtained from Dr. M.

Uhlen, Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Biochemistry, Teknikringen 10, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden.

Transcription of the tetracycline gene is prevented by the cI "0 repressor. Insertion of foreign DNA into the unique 25 restriction sites (BclI, SmaI, HindIII and ECRI) results in S• activation of the tetracycline gene. This permits direct 39 20a

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WO 89/09263 PCT/EP89/00342 21 (positive) selection of recombinant transformants on Luria broth agar plates containing 8 g/ml tetracycline and gg/ml ampicillin.

B. Preparation of Gene Library (see Figure 1) Plasmid and chromosomal DNA was isolated as described by Andreoli, Mol. Gen. Genet. 199 (1985) 372-380.

Chromosomal DNA isolated from Thai IV 17-1 and M-l, respectively, was partially Sau3A digested. The DNA was then ligated with T4 DNA ligase to BclI digested pUN121 DNA as described by Maniatis et al. (supra) and transformed into competent cells of E. coli strain JM101 hsdS recA (Dagert and Ehrlich, Gene 6 (1979) 23-28). coli JM101 hsdS recA was obtained from the Phabagen Collection (Accession Number PC2495), Utrecht, The Netherlands. Transformants resistant to tetracycline at 8 yg/ml in Luria broth agar plates were selected for.

C. Screening for Transformants The gene library obtained as described above was replica-plated and screened for lipolytic activity using the following two procedures. In the first procedure, the replicated colonies were screened for lipolytic activity on peptone agar media containing tributyrin. Lipolytic activity was detected as a zone of clearing (halo) around a colony due to the degradation of the turbid lipid emulsion. In the second procedure, replicated colonies were screened for esterase activity using a soft agar overlay technique. The method was based on that of Hilgerd and Spizizen, J.

Bacteriol. 114 (1987) 1184. Essentially a mixture of 0.4% low-melting agarose, 0.5 M potassium phosphate (pH mg/1 /-naphthyl acetate, dissolved in acetone, and 0.5 mg/l Fast Blue BB (see Example 2) was poured over the transformants. Within a few minutes colonies with esterase or lipase activity coloured purple. Of the 1200 tetracycline resistant transformants obtained from the Thai IV 17-1/pUN121 gene bank, three

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t 22 produced halos on triyrutyrin agar plates. Of the 12,000 recombinant transformants tested from the M-1/pUN121 gene bank, only one clone tested showed weak lipolytic activity.

The tributyrin-positive clones were grown overnight in 2TY medium (16 g/1 Bacto-tryptone, 10 g/l Bacto-yeast extract, 5 g/1 NaCl, pH 7.0) medium and assayed for both the plasmid content (see under ID) and the ability to convert various /-naphthyl substrates, an indication of lipolytic activity (see Example 2A).

D. Plasmid Isolation D.1 Containing Thai IV 17-1 Lipase Gene The plasmids isolated from the Thai IV 17-1/ pUN121 transformants were designated pAT1 and pAT3. Their structures are presented in Figures 2 and 3, respectively.

A third clone, designated pAT2, harboured a plasmid identical to the pAT1 construct. The gene encoding the lipolytic activity was located within a 2.7 kb EcoRI fragment of pAT1 (Figure 2, dashed line) and within a 3.2 kb EcoRI fragment of pAT3 (Figure 3, dashed line). The two EcoRI fragments were subcloned in appropriate vectors, both for DNA sequencing and for obtaining higher yields of lipolytic activity.

Cloning of the 2.7 kb EcoRI fragment from pAT1 in the pUN121 vector generated the recombinant plasmid pET1 (Figure A sample of E. coli JM101 hsdS recA harbouring plasmid pET1 was deposited with CBS on February 5, 1987, under No. CBS 157.87.

Cloning of the 3.2 kb EcoRI fragment from pAT3 in the pUN121 vector generated the recombinant plasmid pET3 (Figure A sample of E. coli JM101 hsdS recA harbouring plasmid pET3 was deposited with CBS on February 5, 1987, under No. CBS 155.87.

D.2 Containing M-l Lipase Gene The recombinant plasmid isolated from the M-l/ 1 1 s j 1 t 1 ii :g Ii 1 iaf 1 WO 89/09263 PCT/EP89/00342 23 pUN121 transformant named pAMI was isolated and characterized (Figure Biochemical characterization of the lipolytic activity of pAMI, however, showed that this plasmid did not encode the lipase aimed for (see also Examples 2 and Therefore, other strategies had to be developed which are illustrated hereinafter.

The plasmid pAM1 in E. coli JM101 hsdS recA was deposited with CBS on February 5, 1987, under No. 154.87.

D.3 Containing IN 11-5 Lipase Gene Partially Sau3A digested Pseudomonas pseudoalcaliaenes IN II-5 DNA fragments were cloned in E. coli K12 DH1 strain (ATCC 33849) using plasmid vector pUN121. After ligation and transformation to competent DH1 cells prepared as described by Hanahan, J. Mol. Biol. 166 (1983) 557-580, about 1500 transformants resistant to 50 Ag/ml ampicillin and 8 Ag/ml tetracycline were obtained. Transformants capable of hydrolyzing tributyrin and f-naphthyl acetate were selected for as described under 1C. From one positive colony, plasmid DNA was isolated and characterized by determining several restriction enzyme recognition positions. The physical map of this plasmid, named pM6-5, is shown in Figure 7.

The activity of E. coli DH1 (pM6-5) towards pnaphthyl esters was determined (Table A sample of E.

coli DH1 harbouring plasmid pM6-5 was deposited with CBS on February 5, 1987, under No. 153.87.

D.4 Containing Gr V-39 Lipase Gene Partially EcoRI* digested (conditions according to Gardner et al., DNA 1 (1982) 109-114) Acinetobacter calcoaceticus Gr V-39 DNA was mixed with EcoRI linearized pUN121 DNA. After recircularization by the use of T 4 polynucleotide ligase, the DNA mixture was introduced into E.

coli DH1 (ATCC 33849) using the transformation procedure described earlier in this Example. All 1800 tetracyclineresistant transformants obtained were screened for lipolytic i r _l I_ :jl i 1 i i li,= WO 89/09263 PCT/EP89/00342 24 activity as described under 1C.

Three clones of this Gr V-39/pUN121 gene library produced a lipolytic enzyme. Plasmid DNA from one of these clones, named pP5-4, was isolated and characterized with restriction endonucleases. The physical map of this plasmid pP5-4 is shown in Figure 8. The hydrolysis of P-naphthyl esters by crude enzyme preparations from E. gcgl DH1 (pP5-4) was then determined (Table Plasmid pP5-4 in L. coli DH1 was deposited with CBS on February 5, 1987, under No.

151.87.

EXAMPLE 2 Characterization of Cloned Lipolytic Enzyme Preparations A. Determination of Lipolvtic Activity Tributyrin-positive co.l colonies were inoculated in 100 ml 2TY medium containing ampicillin and tetracycline in a 500 ml conical flask. E. coli cultures were shaken for 40 hrs at 300C in an orbital shaker at 250 rpm. The Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter strains were grown at After 40 hrs the optical density at 575 nm was measured and the broth was centrifuged in a Sorvall centrifuge in a GSA rotor at 6,000 rpm for 10 min. The supernatant was stored at 4°C until enzyme assay.

The cells were resuspended in 4 ml lysis buffer sucrose, 50 mM Tris-HCl pH Lysozyme was added and after 30 min of incubation at 21"C DNase (20 Mg/ml) was added and the incubation continued for 30 min at 37°C. i Triton-Xl00 v/v) was added and the cell suspensions sonicated on ice with a Labsonic 1510 sonifier set strokes for 30 sec at 100 Watts with 1 min intervals). The cell debris was then removed by centrifugation for 15 min.

at 12,000 rpm in a Hettich Mikro Rapid/K centrifuge. The supernatant obtained was then assayed for lipolytic activity. The assay is based on the hydrolysis of naphthylesters by lipolytic enzymes. The B-naphthyl 1 wo 89/09263

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PCT/EP89/00342 25 released reacts with the diazonium salt Fast Blue BB to produce an azo dye absorbing at 540 nm. The method is essentially that of McKellar, J. Dairy Res. 53 (1986) 117- 127, and was performed as follows.

The reaction tube contained in a final volume of ml: 1.8 ml 55 mM TES (N-tris(hydroxy-methyl)methyl-2aminoethane sulphonic acid, Sigma); 0.02 ml 100 mM 3naphthyl ester dissolved in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO, Merck) or Methyl-cellusolveR acetate (Merck), 0.1 ml 120 mM NaTC (Na-taurocholate, Sigma), and 0.1 ml of an enzyme preparation.

Controls lacking enzyme and S-naphthyl (Sigma) standards lacking enzyme and substrate were also used.

Corning centrifuge tubes (15 ml) containing the reaction mixture were incubated at 37°C or specified temperature for 30 min. A 0.02 ml 100 mM FB solution (Fast Blue BB salt (Sigma), dissolved in DMSO) was added and the incubation continued for 10 min. The reaction was terminated with 0.2 ml 0.72 N TCA (trichloroacetic acid, Riedel-De Haen) and the coloured complex was extracted by vigorous mixing with 2.5 ml 1-butanol (Merck). The layers were separated by centrifugation at 5,000 rpm for 5 min. in a Heraeus Christ minifuge RF. The absorbance of the top layer was measured at 540 nm using a LKB ultraspec II spectrophotometer. After subtraction of controls, the readings were converted to TLUs (True Lipase Units) using Candida cylindracea lipase (L1754, Sigma) as a standard. One TLU is defined as the titratable fatty acids equivalent to the -amount of 1 Mmole NaOH/min (see also EP-A-0218272). The results are shown in Table 1 below.

Comparison of the hydrolysis data of the 3naphthyl esters, varying in acyl chain length from C 4 to

C

18 indicate that: 10. the clones harbouring the pAT3 and pET3 plasmids produce true lipases; and the clones harbouring the pAT1, pET1, pAM, pP5-4 and pM6-5 plasmids produce enzymes with substantial esterase acitvities. Most of the lipolytic enzymes synthesized by E. coli carrying t 1 WO 89/09263 WO 8909263PCT/EP89/00342 26 recombinant plasmids were found in the cell lysates.

Colorimetric Determination of Livolvtic Acitivity (in TLU.l- I in Samples from-Donor microorganisms and E. coli-Transformants, Host Strain Plasmid A-naphthyl Substrate E. coli K12___ sup ly- sup ly- sup ly- sup lysate sate sate sate JMlO1 hsdS rggA pATi 22 80 4 66 1 20 1 XcA pETi 2 66 4 88 1 25 1 8 JMl0l hsdS MgA pAT3 24 80 4 132 4 42 2 JM1Ol hsdS r=cA pET3 5 90 4 22 1 12 1 54 lsdS =A pAMi 1 4 4 8 1 4 1 1 JM1O1 hs~dS recA pU1l 1 1 2 4 1 2 11 1 (control) (vector) DH1 pP5-4 1 2 4 6 1 4 1 6 DHl pM6-5 1 2 4 7 1 15 1 7 DHl (control) pUNl21 1 1 2 4 1 2 1 1 (vector) Pse~domonas M-l N.D. 5 8 23 40 14 34 11 IN 11-5 N.D. 50 52 58 66 17 37 7 22 THAI IV 17-1 N.D. 23 28 10 60 9 40 31 Acinetobacter GR V-35 N.D. 6 10 17 21 15 20 5 12 N.D. Not Determined Further Characterization-of Cloned Ligolytic-Preiparations The cloned lipolytic enzyme preparations were characterized using SDS gel elect--ophoresis on a Phastgel system (Pharmacia) using a Phastgel gradient 10-15% according to the manufacturer's instructions. Cell-free extracts from the E. coli clones pET3 and the DH1 strain with the pUN121 vector were compared with partially purified enzyme from the donor strain Thai IV 17-1 (Stuer et al., J. Bacteriol. 168 (1986) 1070- 1079).

Sa mple preparation. Four volumes of an 1: WO 89/09263 PCT/EP89/00342 27 appropriate dilution of the enzyme preparations were mixed with one part of sample buffer containing 10% SDS, 10% rmercaptoethanol in 0.5 M Tris-HCl, pH 6.8. This solution was divided into three equal parts. One portion received no further treatment but was kept at room temperature until gel electrophoresis took place. The second and third portions were heated for 5 and 10 min at 95°C, respectively, followed by cooling down in ice, then kept at room temperature until subjected to gel electrophoresis.

Electrophoresis. The treated samples, in duplicate, were electrophoresed on the Phastgel system at Volts/hour. One gel was stained for protein with Coomassie Brillant Blue according to Pharmacia Development technique file no 200. Figure 9A shows the polypeptide patterns after staining with Coomassie Brillant Blue. The second gel was washed with 50 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.5, 0.1% Triton X-100 to remove SDS and to reactivate the enzyme activity. The presence of lipolytic activity in the washed gel was visualized by a soft agar overlay technique based on the 6-naphthyl acetate/Fast Blue BB salt method described in Example 1C.

After incubation for 30 min at 30'C, purple bands became visible against a clear background. As shown in Figure 9B, the lipase from the E. coli pET3 clone and native P.

stutzeri Thai IV 17-1 lipase (MW 40 kDa) had identical mobilities on SDS gel-electrophoresis. Both enzymes show a so-called heat modifiability. A similar heat modifiability was described for the outer membrane protein (OmpA gene product) of E. coli K12, Freudl et al., J. Biol. Chem. 261 (1986) 11355-11361.

EXAMPLE 3 Construction of a Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes Gene Library in Broad Host RanQe Vectors.

As an alternative strAtegy for tei cloning of the lipase gene from the P. pseud~dcalicenes M-l strain, a theK ia :f ;i k1 -WO 89/09263 PCT/EP89/00342 28 binary broad host range cloning system was used, which enabled the gene bank to be screened directly by complementation against various mutant strains of Pseudomonaceae. Two broad host range vectors pLAFR1 (Fr'iedman et al., Gene 18 (1982) 289-296) and pKT248 (Bagdasarian et al., Gene 16 (1981) 237-247) were used. Plasmid pLAFR1 is a RK2derived broad host-range cosmid conferring tetracycline resistance and is mobilizable but not self-transmissable.

Plasmid pKT248 is a mobilizable R300B-derived broad host range plasmid conferring streptomycin and chloramphenicol resistance. Mobilization of these vectors from E. coli to Pseudomonas was performed with the aid of the plasmid pRK2013, which contains RK2 transfer functions (Ditta et Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77 (1980) 7347-7351) according to the triparental mating procedure of Friedman et al., (Gene 18 (1982) 289-296). A lipase-negative mutant 6-1 of P. aeruqinosa strain PAO 2302 (obtained from S. Wohlfarth and U.K. Winkler, Ruhr Universitat, Bochum, FRG) was used as Pseudomonas recipient Gen. Microbiol. 134 (1988) 433- 440).

The preparation of in vitro lambda phage packaging extracts and the packaging of pLAFR1 DNA were performed essentially as described by Ish-Horowicz and Burke (Nucleic Acids Res. 9 (1981) 2989-2998). Briefly, total P.

pseudoalcaliqenes M-l DNA was partially cleaved with EcoRI or Sall and was ligated to either EcoRI restricted pLAFR1 DNA or SalI restricted pKT248 DNA. The ratio of insert to vector was 5:1 to reduce the possibility of vector-to-vector ligation. The ligated M-1/pLAFR1 DNA was packaged in vitro into lambda phage heads and injected into E. coli DH1 (Maniatis et al., supra 1982).

Approximately 2,500 tetracycline resistant transductants were obtained per pg of P. pseudoalcaliqenes M-l. Assuming that P. pseudoalcaligenes has a genome size of 5,000 kb and that at least 50% of the tetracyclineresistant transductants carry an insert of 20 kb, 2,300 independent clones were needed to assure a 99% probability 1 4I~ i i 'r.

WO 89/09263 PCT/EP89/00342 29 of finding a particular DNA sequence (Clark and Carbon, Cell (1976) 91). Since the gene library contained more than 8,000 different recombinant colonies it was likely to contain the entire E. pseudoalcaliaenes genome.

The ligated M-1/pKT248 DNA was transformed into competent cli cells as described in Example 1. Transformants of coli JM101 hsdS recA were selected for streptomycin resistance (SmR) and contra-selected for chloramphenicol sensitivity (CmS). Five thousand SmR Cm s clones were obtained. The two M-1 gene libraries obtained in the E. coli host were replica-plated and screened for lipolytic activity as described in Example 1. None of the 13,000 recombinant transformants examined showed a lipase activity.

Mobilization of the clone from E. coli to P.

aeruqinosa PAO 2302 was therefore performed as follows. Recombinant plasmids were transferred to Pseudomonas recipients by replica-plating of donor strains to a lawn of the recipient strain (PA02302/6-1) and helper strain coli MC1061 or DH1 harbouring the pRK2013 plasmid). After overnight growth of donor, recipient and helper strain on a Heart Infusion agar plate, exconjugants were selected by replica-plating on minimal agar medium containing 0.2% citrate, methionine (10 gg/ml) and streptomycin or tetracycline.

Citrate is not metabolized by E. coli. Restoration of the lip phenotype of the lipase-defective mutant 6-1 with recom,.nant plasmids was tested by replica-plating the P. aeruqinosa exconjugants on nutrient broth agar plates containing trioleoylglycerol and the fluorescent dye rhodamine B as described by Kouker and Jaeger, Appl. Env. Microbiol. 53 (1987) 211-213.

Four of the 13,000 screened exconjugants showed lipase activity as evidenced by the development of orange fluorescence halos, visible at 360 nm, around the bacterial colonies after 40 hrs of incubation at 37 0 C. One of these positive clones, pALM5, was chosen for further characterization.

RO 4 1 w o /no zrQ S1 WO 89/09263 PCT/EP89/00342 30 Finally, to ascertain that the lipase produced by the PAO 2302/6-1 exconjugant harbouring pALM5 has the desired characteristics displayed by the lipase from pseudoalcaligenes M-i strain, enzyme samples were prepared and subjected to both biochemical analysis (see Example 2) and the SLM test (as described hereinafter in Example The results obtained in these tests indicated that the lipolytic activity of the enzyme produced by the pALM5 clone has similar characteristics to that of the enzyme obtained from the parent M-i strain.

EXAMPLE 4 Molecular Cloning of the Pseudomonas pseudoalcaliaenes M-l Lipase Gene A. Protein Purification and Sequence The fermentation and preparation of a freezedried supernatant of the Pseudomonas pseudoalcaliqenes M-1 strain are described in EP-A-0218,72. The lipolytic enzyme was purified from this supernatant essentially according to Wingerder et al., Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2 (1987) 139-145. After purification the protein preparation was more than 80% pure as assessed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel-electrophoresis followed by staining with Coomassie Brilliant Blue (see Figure N-terminal sequence analysis was performed after SDS gel-electrophoresis and electro-blotting on Immobilon transfer membrane (Millipore) according to Matsudaira (J.

Bigl. Cheni. 262 (1987) 10035-10038). This analysis yielded the following sequence (using the conventional single letter amino acid code): G L F G S T G Y T K T K Y P I V L T H G M L G F

GLFGSTGYTKTKYPIVLTHGMLGF

1 10 B. Cloning the M-I Lipase Gene Two synthetic 32-mer oligonucleotides: 1 1 l l ll l ll l i l l l 1 1 1 l l

L

1 1 1 1 1 1l llli 1 v WO 89/09263 PCT/EP89/0042 -31- GGC TAC ACC AAG ACC AAG TAC CCC AT GT-3' and ACC GGC TAC ACC AAG ACC AAG TAC CCG ATC GT-3' were deduced from amino acids 6 to 15 (T G Y T K T K Y P I) of the N-terminal sequence of the mature lipase protein as described above, after taking into consideration the codon bias for Pseudomonaceae and the degeneracy of the genetic code. For use as a hybridization probe, the oligonucleotides were end-labeled using T4 polynucleotide kinase.

Chromosomal DNA was isolated from Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes M-l strain (CBS 473.85) according to Andreoli (Mol. Gen. Genet. 199 (1985) 372-380), digested with several restriction endonucleases, and separated on an 0.8% agarose gel. Southern blots of these gels, using radiolabeled 32-mer oligonucleotide as a probe revealed the following unique hybridizing DNA bands: 1.8 kb BclI, 2.0 kb PvuII and 1.7 kb SalI. Therefore M-1 chromosomal DNA was digested separately with these three restriction endonucleases, fractionated by 0.8% agarose gel-electrophoresis and the hybridizing fractions as described above recovered by electro-elution in a bio-trap BT 1000 apparatus from Schleicher and Schull.

The 1.8 kb BclI digested fraction was ligated into DamHI-cut dephosphorylated vector pTZ18R/19R (purchased from Pharmacia, Woerden, The Netherlands). The 2.0 kb PvuII digested fraction was ligated into SmaI-cut dephosphorylated vector pTZ18R/19R. The 1.7 kb Sail digested fraction was ligated into SalI-cut dephosphorylated vector pZT18R/19R.

All three ligations were transformed into competent E. coli JM101 hsdS recA cells (as described by Andreoli, supra) and plated on Luria broth agar plates which contained ampicillin, X-gal (5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-3-D-galactopyranoside) and IPTG (isopropyl-g-D-thiogalactoside).

Approximately 4x10 3 white colonies were picked onto fresh agar plates and screened by colony hybridization to the radiolabeled 32-mer probe. Using this method 12 positive colonies were obtained. From each of these positive colonies a plasmid mini-prep was prepared by the alkaline i WO: 89/09263 PCT/EP89/00342 32 lysis method and digested with the appropriate restriction endonucleases according to the instructions of the supplier.

Six plasmids contained the expected hybridizing inserts. One of the plasmids which contained only the 2.0 kb jvUII fragment, designated as pTMPvl8A, was selected for detailed analysis. A sample of E. 9oli JM101 hsdS recA harbouring plasmid pTMPvl8A was deposited with CBS on March 8, 1989, under No. CBS 142.89.

The E. coli pTZ18R/19R recombinant transformants obtained as described above were replica-plated and screened for lipolytic activity as described in Example 2. None of the 5x10 4 E. coli transforiants examined showed lipolytic activity. Several reasons for this failure can be mentioned: a) the gene expression intiation signals of the M-1 lipase genes were either not recognized by the E. coli transcription/translation s'-tem (see, for example, Jeenes et al., Mol. Gen. Genet. 203 (1986) 421-429), b) a regulatory sequence or protein is necessary to switch on this M-1 lipase gene, c) proper folding or secretion of M-1 lipase in E. coli may be inadequate.

C. Characterization and Sequencinq of the M-1 Lipase Gene Plasmid pTMPvl8A was digested with a variety of restriction enzymes which have 6 bp recognition sequences.

Analysis of the fragment sizes resulting from these experiments allowed the generation of a preliminary restriction endonuclease cleavage map of the 2.0 kb PvuII insert of pTMPvl8A. This map is shown in Figure 11.

The pTZ18R/19R vectors used provide a versatile "all-in-one system" to permit DNA cloning, dideoxy DNA sequencing, in vitro mutagenesis and in vitro transcription (Mead et al., Protein Engineering 1 (1986) 67-74). The double-stranded plasmids were converted into single-stranded DNA by superinfection with a helper phage M13K07 obtained from Pharmacia.

A DNA sequence analysis of a 0.94 kb DNA fragment between the XhoI and the EC=RV of pTMPvl8A is shown in i s i r i F ~t I i bB, I I pCTIEP89 0O 2 WO 89/09263 46 WO 89/09263 PCT/EP89/00342 33 Figure 12. This DNA sequence when translated in all possible reading frames, revealed a large open reading frame which includes the NH 2 -terminal amino acid residues of the lipase protein as determined by direct amino acid sequencing (residue 1 24), see this Example under A. The methionine at position -24 is the initiation codon of a preprotein because this methionine precedes a stretch of amino acids typical for bacterial signal peptides (see Von Heijne, J.

Mol. Biol. 12 (1986) 287-290). This signal peptide of 24 amino acids is cleaved off during the secretion process after the A E A to signal peptidase recognition site. It is notable that the region around the cysteine residue of this signal sequence shows close resemblance to a lipoprotein consensus signal peptide (see Von Heyne, ibid.).

The amino acid sequence predicted from the DNA sequence indicates that mature M-l lipase consists of a 289 amino acid protein terminating with a TGA stop codon (see Figure 12). The predicted molecular weight of this mature protein is 30,323 which is in close agreement with the molecular weight determined for the M-l lipase (MW 31,500) by SDS-polyacrylamide gel-electrophoresis (see Figure EXAMPLE Molecular Cloning of the Pseudomonas aeruainosa PAO Lipase Gene The lipase of Pseudomonas aeruqinosa is a lipidhydrolyzing enzyme (EC having a MW of about 29,000, which is secreted into the medium during the late exponential growth phase (see Stuer et al., J. Bacteriol.

168 (1986) 1070-1074).

A. Clonin and characterization To clone the lipase gene from the Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO 1 strain (ATCC 15692), a broad host range cloning system was used which enabled the gene bank to be i WO 89/09263 PCT/EP89/00342 if u 34 screened directly by complementation against various mutant strains of Pseudomonaceae. The broad host range vector pKT248 (Bagdasarian et al., Gene 16 (1981) 237-247) was used, which is a mobilizable R300B-derived broad host range plasmid conferring streptomycin and chloramphenicol resistance.

Pseudomonas aerocinosa PAO 1 DNA was partially digested with restriction endonuclease Sail and ligated into the single Sail site of the pKT248 vector. The ratio of insert:vector was 5:1 to reduce the possibility of vectorto-vector ligation. The ligated PAO/pKT248 DNA was transformed into competent E. coli SK1108 (Donovan and Kushner, Gene 25 (1983) 39-48) as described in Example lB. Transformants of E. coli SK1108 were selected for streptomycin resistance (SmR) and contraselected for chloramphemicol sensitivity (CmS)* Six-thousand (6,000) SmRCmS clones were obtained and screened for lipolytic activity as described in Example 2. None of the clones showed such activity, probably due to the poor recognition of Pseudomonas promoters in E. coli (Jeenes et al., supra).

Transfer of the clones from E. coli to Pseudomonas aeruqinosa PAO 2302 lipase-negative mutant 6-1 (Wohlfarth and Winkler, J. Gen. Microbiol. 134 (1988) 433- 440) was therefore performed as follows: 6,000 clones were divided into 120 portions each consisting of 50 clones.

Plasmid preparations were obtained from each portion and used to transform competent cells of the PAO 2302 lip" mutant. Competent Pseudomonas cells were prepared according to Olsen et al., J. Bacteriol. 150 (1982) 60-69. Selection was made on calciumtriolein (CT) agar plates (Wohlfarth and Winkler, supra), supplemented with streptomycin (50 Ag/ml).

Ten of the 5,000 screened PAO transformants showed lipase activity as evidencl by white crystals on top of the colonies. One of these positive PAO transformants, pSW1, was chosen for further characterization.

The plasmid contained therein was characterized by i :I S

N

!IYNJ

i I

I--

4; WO 89/09263 PCT/EP89/00342 35 restriction analysis followed by electrophoresis on agarose gels and was found to contain a SalI insert of 3.1 kb composed of a 1.3 kb, a 0.97 kb and a 0.76 kb Sail subfragment. These inserts were subcloned in appropriate vectors for DNA sequencing and for obtaining expression of the lipase gene.

Plasmid DNA from a pUC19 derived subclone, named pSW103 (which contained the 1.3 and 0.97 kb inserts), was isolated and characterized with restriction endonucleases.

The physical map of this plasmid pSWl03 is presented in Figure 13. A sample of coli JM101 hsdS recA harbouring plasmid pSWl03 was deposited with CBS on March 8, 1989 under No. 141.89.

B. Sequencing and Characterization of the Pseudomonas aeruqinosa PAO 1 Lipase Gene The 2.3 kb Sail insert of pSWl03 containing the PAO 1 lipase gene was sequenced by two procedures: both a "forced" cloning sequencing as well as a "shot-gun" cloning sequencing method of Deininger (Anal. Biochem. 129 (1983) 216-223) on the M13 bacteriophage derivatives mpl8 and mpl9 (Yanisch-Perron et al., Gene 33 (1985) 103-119) and the dideoxy chain termination technique according to Mizusawa et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 14 (1986) 1319-1324.

In the "forced" cloning sequencing procedure SalI/PstI and SalI/EcoRI fragments of the 2.3 kb insert of pSW103 were purified and ligated into an appropriate M13mpl8 vector. The entire sequence was established by merging the collection of the obtained pieces of DNA sequence. Most of the DNA sequence has been determined for both strands. This DNA sequence when translated in all possible reading frames revealed that only the 0.97 kb SalI fragment of pSWl03 (see Figure 14) encodes for the mature PAO 1 lipase.

The 1.3 kb SalI fragment of the pSW103 subclone did not encode for, when translated in all possible reading frames, the 24 N-terminal amino acid residues of the PAO 1 lipase protein as determined by direct amino acid i i; a 1 j.i-!i~ii 1 WO: PCT/EP89/00342 89/09263 36 sequencing.

The amino acid sequence predicted from the DNA sequence of the 0.97 kb SalI fragment indicates one interesting domain (designated with A in Figure 14).

Domain A encodes for an amino acid sequence G-H- S-H-G which was already defined as the active center of both eukaryotic lipases (Wion et al., Science 235 (1987) 1638-1641; Bodmer et al., Biochem. Biophys. Acta 909 (1987) 237-244) and prokaryotic lipases (Kugimiya et al., Biochem.

Biophys. Res. Commun. 141 (1986) 185-190).

EXAMPLE 6 A. E0.ression of Cloned M-1 Lipase in Bacteria To improve the expression level of the M-l lipase in heterologous hosts the 2.0 kb KnI-HindIII fragment of pTMPvl8A carrying the M-l lipase gene was ligated into KpnI and HindIII digested pBHA/Cl vectors. The nucleotide sequence of the pBHA1 vector is described in EP- A-0275598. The pBHCl vector is identical to the pBHA1 vector except for the difference in expression of the following antibiotic resistance genes: the chloramphenicolacetyltransferase gene (Cm) is expressed in E. coli strain WK6 harbouring the pBHCl vector and the beta-lactamase gene (Ap) is expressed in B. coli strain WK6 harbouring the pBHA1 vector. The E. coli WK6 strain is described by R. Zell and H.J. Fritz, EMBO J. 6 (1987) 1809.

After transformation of WK6 and analysis of either the obtained ampicillin resistant colonies (in case of pBHAI) or the obtained chloramphenical resistant colonies (in case of pBHCl), the respective plasmids pBHAM-1 and pBHCM-1 were u:nd, see Figure The next step was the introduction of a NdeI restriction endonuclease site on the ATG initiation codon of the M-l preprotein. Site-directed mutagenesis on the pBHA/CM-1 plasmids was performed as described by Stanssens I i

F

i j'is r 1 WO 89/09263 PCT/EP89/00342 -37et al., in "Protein Engineering and Site-Directed Mutagenesis", 24th Harder Conference (1985), Ed. A.R. Fersht and G. Winter.

After mutagenesis potential mutants were checked on having the relevant mutation by both restriction enzyme analysis and sequence analysis using the dideoxy method of Mizusawa et aI., see Example 5. After these analyses, the correct plasmid, designated pBHAMlNl, was found (see Figure 16). In order to achieve the regulated expression of the M-1 lipase in E. coli the 1.7 kb NdeI-HindIII fragment of pBHAM1N1 containing the M-1 lipase structural gene was isolated and ligated into two expression vectors; pTZ18RN, a pTZ18R derivative which contains a unique NdeI site on the ATG initiation codon of betagalactosidase (see Mead et Protein Engineering (1986) 67-74); pMCTN, a pMC derivative (see Stanssens et al., supra) containing a unique Ndel site behind a tac promoter and ribosomal binding site.

After transformation of the two ligations into competent coli JM-101 hsdS recA cells the obtained transformants were screened for lipolytic activity on tributyrin agar plates which contained 0.5 mM IPTG (isopropyl-p-D-thiogalactoside). After incubation of these tributyrin plates at 30°C for 48h followed by storage of the plates in the refrigerator during several days some colonies formed a weak halo, showing lipolytic activity. The plasmids of these tributyrin positive clones were characterized by restriction enzyme analysis. The two plasmids searched for were found: pTZN1M1 which harbours the M-l lipase gene behind the lac control sequences (see Figure 17); and pMCTM1 which harbours the M-l lipase gene behind the tac control sequences (see Figure 18).

To identify the lipolytic activity produced by E. coli transformants harbouring the plasmids pTZNIM-1 and pMCTM-1, respectively, these clones were grown overnight in i WO89/09263 PCT/EP89/00342 38 100 mis 2 TY medium (16 g/l Bacto tryptone, 10 g/1 Bactoyeast extract, 5 g/1 NaCl, pH 7.0) at 30'C followed by a 3 h induction with 0.5 mM IPTG at 30*C. E. coli strain JM-101 hsdS recA harbouring pTZ18RN was used as a negative control.

The cells were separated from the culture supernatant by centrifugation and then fractionated into periplasmic and membrane/cytoplasmic components according to Tetsuaki et al., Appl. Environmental Microbiol. Q5 (1985) 298-303. Each fraction was analyzed on SDS-polyacrylamide gels according to Laemmli, Nature 227 (1970) 680-685 consisting of a 13% separation gel and a 5% stacking gel. The gels were run at mA until the Bromophenol Blue (BPB) marker reached the bottom of the gel. Sample preparation and protein blotting procedure were performed as described in EP-A-0253455. The Western blot was analyzed by using polyvalenir rabbit antisera against purified lipase from P. pseudoalcaligenes strain M-i. From the results shown in Figure 19 it can be concluded that E. coli strains harbouring pTZN1M1 and pMCTM1, respectively, can synthesize and secrete into the periplasmic space a M-1 lipase specific 31.5 kDa polypeptide (see Figure 19, lanes B and The lipolytic activity of this 31.5 kDa polypeptide was confirmed by the soft agar overlay technique based on the P-naphthyl acetate/Fast Blue BB salt method, described in Example 1C.

EP-A-0275598 and EP-A-0253455 disclose a method for efficient transfer to Bacillus of a vehicle containing a gene of interest, resulting in Bacillus strains which secrete effectively the desired polypeptide products. This method was used for both the Thai IV 17-1 and the M-1 lipase genes.

In case of the M-1 lipase gene the pBHAMINI plasmid (see above) was digested with NdeI and religated.

The ligation mixture was transformed into Bacillus licheniformis T9 protoplasts. A number of neomycin resistant tributyrin positive colonies were analyzed and the correct 1 2 WO 89/09263 PCT/EP89/00342 39 plasmid was obtained. The plasmid was called pBHM1N1 (see Figure 20) with the M-I preprotein behind the HEaII promoter of pUB110 (see Zyprian and Matsubara, DNA (1986) 219-225). T9 transformants harbouring the pBHMlNl plasmid were tested for their ability to hydrolyze 3-naphthyl esters after fermentation in industrial broth according to the method described in Example 2. The results indicate that the lipolytic activity of the enzyme produced by the T9 clones have similar characteristics to that of the lipase obtained from the parent Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes M-1 strain.

For expression in Pseudomonas hosts the constitutive promoter of the p78 gene from the Pseudomonas specific bacteriophage Pf3 was used (see R.G.M. Luiten, "The Filamentous Bacteriophage Pf3: A Molecular Genetic Study", PhD Thesis 1987, Catholic University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands). A synthetic DNA fragment was made encoding this Pf3 promoter: 5' AATTCGATCGCAAAAAGTAC TTGCAA GTTCCCGAAACCCTGTC TAGAGT TCTAGGTGCATCTGAATGGAGCTCGGTAC 3 1 3' GCTAGCGTTTTTCATG AACGTT CAAGGGCTTTGGGACAG ATTCCA AGATCCACGTAGACTTACCTCGAGC This fragment was ligated into vector pTZ18R cleaved with EcoRI and KvnI giving rise to plasmid pTZPf31A.

The plasmids pTZPf31A and pMCTM1 were cleaved both with BamHl and HindIII, ligated and transformed to competent E.

coli JM-101 hsdS recA cells. The correct plasmid in which the M-1 lipase gene is placed under the control of the Pf3 promoter was obtained and called pTZPf3M1.

In order to achieve expression of the cloned M-1 lipase gene in pseudomonads the M-1 expression cassettes present in the plasmids pTMPv18A, pMCTM1 and pTZPf3Ml were inserted into the broad host range vectors pKT231 (Bagdasarion et al., Gene 16 (1981) 237-247), pLAFR3 (Staskawisz et al., J. Bacteriol. 169 (1987( 5789-5794) and pJRD215 (Davison et al., Gene 51 (1987) 275-280). Tei obtained broad WO 89109263 PCT/EP89/50342 W 0 109263 WO 89/09263 PCT/EP89/00342 host range plasmids harbouring the M-1 expression cassettes were transferred according to the triparental mating procedure of Friedman et Gene 18 (1982) 289-296) to the following Pseudomonas strains: the lipase negative mutant 6-1 of p. aeruainosa strain PAO 2302 (Wphlfarth and Winkler, supra).

the lipase negativa P. putida strain KT2442 (*ayer et a., Applied Environmental Microbiol. 50 (1985) 1409-1413) the P. pseudoalcaligenes strain M-1 (CBS 473.85) the P. pseudoalcaliaenes strain IN II-5 (CBS 468.85) As an alternative procedure for the transfer of the broad host range plasmids from E. coli to Pseudomonas the electric field-mediated transformation ("electroporation") procedure was used according to the manual of Gene Pulser (Bio-rod Laboratories).

The obtained Pseudomonas transformants were tested for their lipase production after fermentation in olive oil based media as described by Odera et al, J.

Ferment. Technol. 64 (1986) 363-371.

In the following Table 2 the lipolytic productivity of the various strains is shown.

1 1 S 11 WO 89/09263 PCT/EP89/00342 41 Table 2 Linase Productivity of Certain Transformed Pseudomonas Strains Containina the M-i Lipase Gene Pseudomonas Broad host range vector Lipase strain harbouring the M-i expres- productivity sion cassette from in PAO2302(6-1) no insert (vector) 0 PA02302 pTMPv18A 2 PA02302 pMCTM1 PA02302(6-1) pTZPf3M1 KT2442 no insert (vector) 0 KT2442 pTMPv18A 1 KT2442 pMCTM1 KT2442 pTZPf3M1 M- no insert (vector) 100 M-1 pTMPV18A 340 M-1 pMCTM1 240 M-1 pTZPf3MI 260 IN II-5 no insert (vector) 100 IN 11-5 pTMPv18A 420 IN II-5 pMCiTM1 350 IN 1-5 pTZPf3M1 270 The lipolytic productivity was determined on culture supernatants using the method described in Example 2.

The lipases produced by these Pseudomonas transformants were analyzed by SDS gel-electrophoresis and migrated identically to the lipase produced from the original P. pseudoalcaligenes strain M-1.

It can be seen that the improvement achieved by the introduction of multiple copies of the M-l expression cassettes in P. pseudoalcaliqenes strains is 2-4 fold compared with the level of lipase produced by the donor strain. Moreover, it can be concluded that the original gene expression initiation signal or promoter of the M-i lipase gene is active in Pseudomonas pseudoalcaliqenes strains, in contrast to the PAO 1 and KT2442 strains.

I

WO 89/09263 PCT/EP89/00342 *S 42 B. In Vitro Expression of the Cloned M-1 Lipase Gene ja vitro expression of the M-1 lipase containing clones was performed using a prokaryotic DNAdirected translation kit (Amersham International). This system allows the in vitro expression of genes contained on a bacterial plasmid provided that the relevant control signals are present. The following four bacterial plasmids were analyzed: B. Plasmid pTMPvlSA (see Figure 11) encoding both M-1 lipase and /-lactamase gene products, supplying ampicillin (Ap) resistance. Furthermore, pTMPvl8A carries its own regulation signals, promoter, Shine-Dalgarno and leader sequence.

B.2. Plasmid pMCTM1 (see Figure 18) carrying the M-1 lipase gene and the chloroamphenicol resistance gene In this construct the lipase promoter is exchanged by a strong tac promoter.

B.3. Plasmid pMCTbliMI carries also the M-1 lipase gene and the chloroamphenicol resistance gene. In this construct the lipase signal sequence was exchanged by the a-amylase signal sequence (see EP-A-0224294). The promoter was the same as in construct pMCTM1.

B.4. Plasmid pTZl8RN (see figure 17) was used as a negative control.

DNA (0.5 Mg) of the mentioned plasmids was transcribed in vitro. This reaction was carried out by adding 0.5 ~l of 10xTB/10xNTP mix (a mixture of equal volumes of 20xTB and 20xNTP mix; 20xTB contains 800 mM Tris HC1 pH 7.5, 120 mM MgC12 and 40 mM spermidine; 20xNTP mix contains 10 mM ATP, 10 mM CTP, 10 mM GTP and 10 mM UTP), l1 of 0.1M DTT, 0.5 Al of RNasin (40 u/Ll, Promega) and Al of T7 RNA polymerase (15 u/Al, Promega)' or 1 Al of E.

coli RNA polymerase (1 u/l1, Boehringer). The reaction mixture was incubated for 1 h at 39.5*C.

In vitro translation of the RNA transcripts was performed according to the instructions supplied by the K 1 11 i i 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 EifI II Il\i me m y

I

WO 89/09263 PCT/EP89/00342 43 manufacturer. M-1 lipase was immunoprecipitated as described by Van Mourik Biol. Chem. 2. (1985) 11300-11306) using monoclonal antibodies against M-1 lipase.

As a negative control pTZ18RN was used (Figure 21, lanes A and Immunoprecipitation of pTMPv18A (lane B) reveals an unprocessed M-l lipase of 34 kDa. Immunoprecipitation of pMCTM-1 (lane C) reveals an unprocessed M-l lipase of 34 kDa and the mature M-l lipase of 31.5 kDa, whereas immunoprecipitation of pMCTbliM1 (lane D) reveals the mature lipase of 31.5 kDa. From the in vitro translation experiments it can be concluded that the M-l lipase gene can be expressed in S-30 extracts of E. coli cells. The data obtained by in vitro transcription/translation of pTMPvl8A support the absence of lipolytic activity on tributyrine plates (see Example 4B) for there is no processing of M-l lipase.

EXAMPLE 7 Molecular enzyme screening using characterised lipase genes as probes.

To further demonstrate the general applicability of the invention we used the probes disclosed in this application to search for lipase genes with comparable characteristics, originated from other micro-organisms. We demonstrate that we are able to select lipase genes encoding lipases which have the same or comparable washing applicability.

As an example we describe the use of DNA inserts of plasmids pET3 and pTMPvl8A, respectively, as hybridization probes to show that homologous genes of both are present in moct of the analyzed micro-organisms. There is no cross-hybridization between the two lipase genes (lane A and lane B) suggesting that each of these lipase encoding sequences originate from different ancestor genes.

In Example 8, we also demonstrate that this K WO 89/09263 PCT/EP89/00342 44 hybridization technique enables us to clone homologous lipase genes from other microorganisms.

In order to achieve this, chromosomal DNA from the following strains, Pseudomonas pseudoalcaliaenes M-1 (CBS 473,85), R. pseudoalcaliaenes IN II-5 (CBS 468.85,, alcalieneis (DSM 50342) E. aeruginosa (PAC 1R (CBS 136.85), P. aeruqinosa PAO (ATCC 15692) (Wohlfarth and Winkler, 1988, J. Gen. Microbiol. 134, 433-440). P. stutzeri Thai IV 17-1 (CBS 461.85); B. stutzeri PG-I-3 (CBS 137.89), E. stutzeri PG-I-4 (CBS 138.89), E. stutzeri PG-II-11.1 (CBS 139.89), E.

stutzeri PG-II-11.2 (CBS 140.89), E. fragi DB1051, P.

qladioli (CBS 176.86), Acinetobacter calcoaceticus Gr-V-39 (CBS 460.85) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 27661) was isolated, 5 Ig was digested and analyzed by the Southern blotting technique (Maniatis et supra). DNA was transferred to a nitrocellulose filter (Schleicher Schuell, BA85; 0.45 mM). Filters were prehybridized in 6xSSC, 5xDenhardt, 0.5% SDS and 100 Ag/ml of denatured calf thymus DNA.

After two hours of pre-incubation 32P labeled insert of respectively pTMPvl8A or pET3 was added and hybridization was carried out at 55°C during 16 hours.

Insert DNAs were isolated by digestion of pTMPvl8A with XhoI and EcoRV and digestion of pET3 with EcoRI, followed by separation of the fragments by 0.8% agarose gel electrophoresis and recovering of the fragments by the glass milk procedure (Gene CleanTM). The insert of pTMPv18A, a 1 kb XhoI/EcoRV fragment and the insert of pET3, a 3.2 kb EcoRI fragment were labeled in vitro to high, specific activity (2-5 108 cpm/4g) with a32P ATP by nick translation (Feinberg and Vogelstein, Anal. Biochem. 132, 1983, 6-13). It was shown that probe fragments have an average length varying from 300-800 bases..

Filters were then washed'twice for 3 0 at in 6xSSC, 0.1% SDS. Filters were dried at room temperature and autoradiographed for 1-3 days by exposure to KODAK Xomat AR films or Cronex 4 NIF 100 X-ray film (Dupont) with i WO 89/09263 PCT/EP89/00342 45 intensifying screens at -70*C (Cronex lightning plus GH 220020).

The following equation, which has been derived from analysing the influence of different factors on hybrid stability: Tm 81 16,6 (logl0 Ci) 0.4 G C) 600/n mismatch (Current protocols in molecular biology 1987-1988, edited by Ausubel et a.) n length of the shortest chain of the probe Ci ionic strength (M) G+C base composition was used to determine the homology which could be detected in our experiments. Assuming a probe length of 300 bases, we were able to detect a homologous gene which shows at least 67% homology within a fragment of 300 bases or more. In the determination of homology percentage we assumed that the GC contents of Pseudomonas is 65% (Normore, 1973, in Laskin and Lechevalier Handbook of microbiology vol II, CRC press, Inc. Boca Raton. Fla.) Figure 22A shows the hybridization pattern of the SalI digested chromosomal DNAs, when hybridized with the EcoRI insert of pET3. It can be seen that most of the Pseudomonas strains, contain homologous genes to our pET3 clone. In P. fragi DB 1051 (lane A. calcoaceticus Gr-V- 39 (lane 0) and S. aureus (lane P) no homologous genes were detected. Moderate hybridization signals were observed in P.

alcaligenes (lane P. pseudoalcalienes (lane C and lane P. aeruginosa (lane F and lane G) whereas weak hybridization was observed in P. gladioli (lane Very strong hybridization was seen in E. stutzeri strains (lane H to which is not surprising since pET3 was originally derived from P. stutzeri ThaiIV 17-1.

Figure 22B shows the hybridization pattern with the EcoRV/XhoI insert of pTMPvl8A.

It can be seen that strong hybridization signals were obtained from chromosomal DNAs of P. pseudoalcaligenes, (lane C and P. alcaliaenes (lane E) and P. stutzeri Si WO 89/09263 PCT/EP89/00342 46 strains (lane H to lane Weaker hybridization was seen in chromosomal DNAs of F. aeruginosa (lane F and G) and no hybridization at all was found with chromosomal DNAs of fraai DB1051 (lane E. aladioli (lane A. calcoaceticus Gr-V-39 (lane 0) and S. aureus (lane P).

EXAMPLE 8 Cloning of homologous lipase genes from other microorganisms In order to demonstrate the applicability of the invention disclosed, we describe the use of plasmid PTMPv18A to clone a homologous gene originated from P. alcaliaenes (DSM 50342) (see Figure 22B, lane E).

In Figure 22B, lane E, it can be seen that P.

alcaligenes shows a clear 5.0 kb Sall fragment and a faint kb SalI fragment, which hybridize with the probe. This indicates that P. alcaligenes contains a gene which has at least 67% homology within a fragment of 300 basepairs or more to the XhoI/EcoRV insert of the pTMPvlSA plasmid.

To establish whether the 5.0 kb SalI fragment of E. alcaligenes represents a gene encoding a lipase Sail fragments were cloned. A Sail gene library was constructed with the aid of vector pUC19 and transformed into E. coli JM109 (Yanish-Perron et Gene 33 (1985) 103-119).

Replica filters of the gene library were hybridized with the a32P-labeled insert of pTMPv18A using conditions as described in Example 7. Three positive clones, which all carried a 5.0 kb Sall fragment, were isolated from the library: pCHI, pCH2 and pCH3. the 5.0 kb Sal fragment of pCHI was recloned into vector pKT248 (Bagdasarian et al., Gene 16 (1981) 237-247) with the aid of the SalI site, which is located in the chloramphenicol-resistance gene.

Streptomycin-resistant chloramphenicol-sensitive transformants were selected in E. oj JM109. One of these transformants, pCHl01, which contained the expected 5.0 kb WO 89/09263 PCT/EP89/00342 47 SalI insert was transformed into Pseudomonas aeruainosa 2302 lip- (see Example Colonies were grown on NB-calcium triolein agar.

After growth, plates were stored at 100C. After several days a calcium precipitate was visible around the transformed colonies and not around non-transformed P. aeruainosa 2302 lip-, which was grown on similar agar plates without antibiotics. We conclude that the cloned 5.0 kb Sall fragment complements the lip- phenotype of P. aeruiinosa 2302 lip- and therefore encodes an extracellular lipase, which can be produced in a suitable host.

On the basis of the DNA hybridization experiments it can be concluded that this lipase shows homology to M-1 lipase and consequently to the other lipases, hybridizing with the pTMPv18A insert, used as a probe. The description of the cloning of E. alcaliqenes lipase represents a generally applicable method to clone lipase genes that show homology to M-1 lipase.

EXAMPLE 9 Comparison of the nucleotide sequence of the lipase obtained from Pseudomonas pseudoalcaliQenes M-l with other lipases The nucleotide sequence of Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes M-l lipase (Figure 12) was compared to that of Pseudomonas racri (IFO-3458) lipase (Kugimiya et.

al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 141 (1986) 185-190), Staphylococcus hvicus lipase (Gotz et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 13, (1985) 1891-1903) and Pseudomonas aerucinosa PA01 lipase (Figure 14). A close homology of 81% was found between M-l lipase and P. aeruainosa PA01 lipase and a homology of 62% was found between M-l lipase and P. fragi (IFO-3458). However, the sequence of this P. fragi lipase is remarkably shorter than the sequence of the two other Pseudomonas lipases. No homology was found between M-l lipase and Staphylococcus hvicus lipase.

KI

4 :a: i-Y ~C i i'' WO 8909263 PCT/EP89/00342 48 These results support the data obtained in Example 7. where no hybridization was detected with (chromosomal DNA) derived from Pseudomonas fragi and Staphylococcus AeuSe when pTMPvl8A was used as a probe.

The amino acid sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence of e. pseudoalcaligenes M-l lipase was also compared to other lipases. Overall homology between M-1 lipase and P. aeruqinosa PAO1 lipase was found to be (78%) and between M-1 lipase and E. fragi lipase to be 48%. Again no homology was found between the amino acid sequence of M-1 lipase and Staphyloocccus hicus lipase. However, close homology does exist between the four lipases in the region of the essential serine 87 of mature M-1 lipase. Kugimiya et al., (supra), postulated that the sequence of this region G- H-S-H-G is the active center of lipase enzymes.

EXAMPLE Detergent Compatibility of Homologous Lipases in the SLM-Test This example illustrates the performance of the lipase enzymes produced by P, aeruqiuosa, P. stutzeri and P.

alcaligenes strains which show a high degree of DNA sequence homology with the M-1 gene, in a washing process according to the modified SLM-test where the compatibility of these enzymes in modern laundry cleaning composition was tested.

The cleaning compositions used were a powder detergent composition (ALLR-base, described in EP-A-0218272) and a liquid detergent formulation (Liquid TIDER, also described in EP-A-0218272, but without inactivation of the protease). The lipase enzymes were prepared by culturing the bacteria according to the following procedure: an inoculum culture was prepared by culturing the bacteria in 100 ml Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) medium in a rotary shaker at 3 06C,- for 24 hours. A lab-fermentor (2 litres) containing litre of a medium with the composition mentioned below

I;

i I i i i i i i I.1 r I~ I i i i We L~ IR-' i I: 0 89/09263 PCT/EP89/00342 49 was then inoculated.

Composition of the medium Component Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) (Difco) Yeast Extract (Difco) Calcium Chloride.2H 2 0 Magnesium Sulfate.7H 2 0 Manganese Sulfate.lH 2 0 Soya Oil Dipotassium Phosphate Concentration (q/ka) 18.50 16.00 0.80 3.20 0.030 6.40 The fermentation was run at 30"C. Sixteen hours after inoculation a feed of soya oil was started at the rate of 1 g/h and continued for the rest of the fermentation. The aeration rate was 60 1/h and the agitation rate 700 rpm. The fermentation was run for a total of 64 hours.

After the fermentation the bacteria were removed by centrifugation. The supernatant was mixed rapidly under stirring with 2.5 volumes of acetone at room temperature.

The mixture was then stirred for 10 minutes, allowed to settle and filtered through a glass filter, under suction.

The filter cake was then washed with 70% acetone followed by 100% acetone and then dried under vacuum.

The lipase enzyme preparations obtained in this way were then tested in the SLM-test procedure. The procedure for the SLM test has been described in EP-A-0218272. This procedure was modified as follows: A volume of 20 Al containing 10 mg olive oil dissolved in acetone was spotted on a polyester Swatch (3x3 cm), and air dried at room temperature. A washing solution consisting of 10 ml of SHW (Standard Hardness Water: 0.75 mM CaCl 2 0.25 mM MgC1 2 or detergent dissolved in SHW was placed in an Erlenmeyer flask (25 ml) with a ground stopper and kept in a shaking water-bath at 40 C. The detergents tested were a powder detergent composition (ALLR base) and a liquid formulation (TIDER liquid). The i :-i

B

S

2; L WO 89/09263 1 PCT/EP89/00342 50 concentration of ALL base washing solution was 4 g/1 (pH The concentration of liquid TIDE was 1.5 g/1 (pH The solutions were buffered with 0.1 M Tris/HCl. The washing process was started by adding the enzyme preparation and immediately thereafter the soiled swatch, to the Erlenmeyer flask and shaking for 40 min or longer at 40"C. The final lipase concentration was 2 TLU/ml.

After washing, the swatch was rinsed with SHW then dried at 55C for one hour. The dried swatches as such were washed again in a second wash cycle using a fresh detergent and enzyme solution for 40 minutes. After the second cycle wash the swatch was treated with 0.01N HC1 for min, rinsed and dried at room temperature overnight. The dried swatches were extracted by rotation in a glass tube containing a 5 ml of solvent (n-hexane/isopropylalcohol/ formic acid: 975:25:2.5 1 ml/min). The residual triglyceride, diglyceride and the free fatty acid formed were determined by HPLC.

HPLC Equipment and Conditions: Column CP Microspher-Si (Chrompack), 100x4.6 mm Injection system Wisp (Millipore) 104 Pump Model 2150 (LKB) Detection Refractive index monitor (Jobin Jvon) Integrator SP 4270 (Spectra Physis) Eluent n-hexane/isopropylalcohol/formic acid: 975:25:2.5 1 ml/min.

Temperature ambient The retention time of triolein was 1.2 min., that of 1,3 diglycerides was 2.5 min., that of 1,2 diglycerides was 3.6 min. and that of oleic acid was 1.6 min. The peak area or peak height was determined as an indication of the recovery of the triglyceride and fatty acid. The recovery of triglyceride after extraction from the unwashed swatch was taken as 100%. The ratio of the refractive index responses between triolein and oleic acid was found to be 1.0 on the basis of peak height.

The results of these SLM-tests are shown in the following tables. In these tables the triglycerides recovery K'7 i 1 i- 1- k WQ!89/O9263 PCT/EP89/00342 51 and the total lipids recovery are shown. Total lipids recovery is triglycerides plus 1,2- and 1,3-diglycerides plus free fatty acids. The difference between total lipids recovery and triglycerides recovery is a measure of lipase activity and performance. The difference between the total lipid recovery and the control (without lipase enzyme) indicates the removal of oily stain from the fabric and demonstrates that these enzymes are stable and effective under realistic washing conditions, as simulated in the SLMtest.

*1 ii Table 3 results of various livases in Liquid Tide R composition qT-m testi-- I Isolate I strain I Activity ITriglycerides ITotal Lipids I of Preparation IRecovery IRecoveryl I I I (TLU/g) M M% I(Control) I -I0 94. 95.4 P. pseudoalc Ialigenes I M-1 70580 I9.0 I44.2 I1 In 11-5 112290 I15.6 145.1, P. aeruginosa I PAC lR I3310 I27.1 I59.8 P. stutzeri I PG-1-3 I6940 I23.5 I51.7 I PG-I-4 162270 I70.5 I81.1 II PG-II-ll.l 28670 1 58.7 I75.3 PG-II-11.2 I30910 I70.8 I82.5 /7 ii 1:11fi ll 11% 11c :1 11 5; m i D S i ''i p "Ma MR M- Table 4 SIM-testingi results of various livases in ALLR-base composition I Isolate I strain I. Activity ITriglycerides ITotal Lipids I Iof Preparation I Recovery I Recovery I I (TLU/g) C I(Control) I -j0 I95.0 I95.3I P. pseudoalcaligenes I M-1 70580 I86.6 I91.7 I I In 11-5 I25000 I78.9 I86.2 P. aeruginosa I PAC 1R I3310 I40.2 I49.3I P. stutzeri I PG-I-3 I6940 I61.4 I71.8 I I PG-I-4 I62270 I77.8 I85.7I II PG-II-ll.l1 28670 I78.4 I86.7 I I PG-II-ll.2 I30910 I78.3 I85.6 00 '0 0~ w t~J 1. 1 1 r

Claims (9)

1. A transformed microbial host cell comprising an expression cassette which includes in the direction of transcription: a transcriptional regulatory region and a translational initiation region functional in said host cell; a DNA sequence encoding a lipolytic enzyme obtained from a prokaryotic microorganism wherein said enzyme is characterized as having a pH optimum in the range of 8 to 10.5, measured in a pH-stat under conditions of TLU determination, and exhibiting lipase activity in an aqueous solution containing a detergent at a concentration up to g/l of solution under washing conditions at a temperature of about 60 0 C or below and at a pH between 7 and 11; and translational and transcriptional termination regions functional in said host cell; wherein expression of said DNA sequence is regulated 20 by said transcriptional and translational regions.

2. A transformed host cell according to claim 1, wherein a said expression cassette further comprises a marker gene. 25 3. A transformed host cell according to claim 1, wherein S said DNA sequence comprises a leader sequence joined in proper 'reading frame 5' to a gene encoding said lipolytic enzyme.

4. A transformed host cell according to claim 1, wherein said host cell is a prokaryotic cell. A transformed host cell according to claim 4, wherein said prokaryotic cell is a Bacillus, E. coli or Pseudomonas cell.

6. A transformed host cell according to claim 1, wherein said DNA sequence comprises a sequence of at least 300 bp with at least 67% homology in nucleotide sequence with the lipase X S9 54 i SC l y s y 1 1 i 8 -11 encoding gene on pTMPv18A.

7. A transformed host cell according to claim 1, wherein said DNA sequence comprises a fragment of at least 300 bp with at least 67% homology in nucleotide sequence with the lipase encoding gene on pET3.

8. A transformed host cell according to claim 1, wherein said DNA sequence is obtained from a Pseudomonas or Acinetobacter species.

9. A transformed host cell according to claim 8, wherein said DNA sequence is obtained from P. stutzeri, P. alcaliaenes, P. pseudoalcaliqenes, P. aeruqinosa or A. calcoaceticus. A transformed host cell according to claim 9, wherein said DNA sequence is obtained from P. stutzeri strain Thai IV S. 17-1 (CBS 461.85), P. aeruainosa PAO (ATCC 15692), P. 20 alcalienes DSM 50342, P. pseudoacaliqenes IN 11-5 (CBS

468.85), P. pseudoalcaliaenes M-l (CBS 473.85) or A. calcoaceticus Gr V-39 (CBS 460.85). 11. A substantially pure lipolytic enzyme wherein said S 25 enzyme is characterized as having a pH optimum in the range of 8 to 10.5, measured *in a pH-stat under conditions of TLU determination, and exhibiting lipase activity in an aqueous solution containing a detergent at a concentration up to g/l of solution under washing conditions at a temperature of about 60 0 C or below and at a pH between 7 and 11; and wherein said enzyme is obtained from a transformed microbial host comprising an expression cassette which includes in the 5'-3' direction of transcription, a transcriptional regulatory region and a translational initiation region functional in said host cell; a DNA sequence encoding said lipolytic enzyme obtained from a prokaryotic microorganism; and 39 S ScC Ll i £e i I. I. 9 9 9 9e 9 *99* 9 9 9 I Y I translational and transcriptional termination regions functional in said host cell, wherein expression of said DNA sequence is under regulatory control of said transcriptional and translational regions. 12. A lipolytic enzyme according to claim 11, wherein said enzyme has a specific activity of 10 to 10 TLU/g. 13. A lipolytic enzyme according to claim 11, produced by a transformed microbial host according to any one of claims 1 to 14. A method for preparing a lipolytic enzyme wherein said enzyme is characterized as having a pH optimum in the range of 8 to 10.5, measured in a pH-stat under conditions of TLU determination, and exhibiting lipase activity in an aqueous solution containing a detergent at a concentration up to g/l of solution under washing conditions at a temperature of 20 about 60 0 C or below and at a pH between 7 and 11; and said method comprising: growing in a nutrient medium a host cell comprising an expression cassette which includes in the 5'-3' direction of tanscription; 25 a transcriptional regulatory region and a translational initiation region functional in said host cell; a DNA sequence encoding said lipolytic enzyme obtained from a prokaryotic microorganism; and translational and transcriptional termination regions functional in said host cell, wherein expression of said DNA sequence is under regulatory control of said transcriptional and translational regions; and isolating said lipolytic enzyme from the nutrient broth. A method for producing a lipolytic enzyme, said method comprising: cultivating in a nutrient medium a transformed 39 56- SC u microbial host cell according to any one of claims 1 to 10 to form a nutrient-rich broth; and isolating said lipolytic enzyme from said broth. 16. A recombinant DNA construct comprising: in the direction of transcription, a transcriptional regulatory region functional in a microbial host cell; a DNA sequence encoding a lipolytic enzyme obtained from a prokaryotic microorganism, wherein said enzyme is characterized as having a pH optimum in the range of 8 to 10.5, measured in a pH-stat under conditions of TLU determination, and exhibiting lipase activity in an aqueous solution containing a detergent at a concentration up to g/l of solution under washing conditions at a temperature of about 60 0 C or below and at a pH between 7 and 11; and a transcriptional termination regulatory region functional in said host cell. 17. A DNA construct according to claim 16, further comprising at least one of a selection marker gene and a S.secretory leader sequence. 25 18. A DNA construct according to claim 16 or 17, which comprises a fragment of at least 300 bp with at least 67% H homology in nucleotide sequence with one of the lipase encoding genes on pTMpvl8A or pET3 as hereinbefore described. 19. The plasmid pAT1, pAT3, pET1, pET3, pAMI, pP5-4, pTMPvl8A or pSW103 as hereinbefore described. An isolated oligonucleotide comprising at least sequential nucleotides selected from a nucleotide capable of hybridizing with a sequence that encodes an amino acid sequence of a lipolytic enzyme obtainable from P. stutzeri strain Thai IV 17-1 (CBS 461.85), P. aeruqinosa PAO (ATCC 15692), P. alcaliaens DSM 50342, P. pseudoalcaliaenes IN 3, 9 -57 SC I i (CBS 468.85), P. pseudoalcaliqenes M-1 (CBS 473.85) or A. calcoaceticus Gr V-39 (CBS 460.85). 21. An oligonucleotide according to claim 20, wherein said oligonucleotide is DNA. 22. An oligonucleotide according to claim 20, wherein said oligonucleotide is RNA. 23. An oligonucleotide according to claim 20, wherein said oligonucleotide comprises a radioactive label. 24. An oligonucleotide according to claim 20, wherein said oligonucleotide comprises at least 14 sequential nucleotides. 25. A transformed microbial host cell according to claim 1 substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the examples. 26. A substantially pure lipolytic enzyme according to claim 11 substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the examples. S 25 27. A method according to claim 14 substantially as MS"* hereinbefore described with reference to the examples. *oo 28. A recombinant DNA construct according to claim 16 substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the examples and figures. -58- 3() 29. An oligonucleotide according to claim substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the examples and figures. DATED: 6 November, 1992 PHILLIPS ORMONDE FITZPATRICK Attorneys for: GIST.-BROCADES NV 59 LZ F WO 89/09263 PCT/EP89/00342 2 3 FIGURE.1 Escherichia coil/pUN 121 Isolation and purification of the pUN121 vector Bcff Lipase producing microorganism IsolIat ionr purification and of DNA Restriction BClI the rsrcinenzyme SaU3A enzyme treatment LIGATION and TRANSFORMATION into cometntE~oli cells Positive selection on tetra cyclintresistant (Tcr). recombinant transformants Screening of Tcr transformants on lipolytic activity Isolation and characterfzation of the recombinant plasmid DNAs and th '"clo ned Jeepiroducts SUBSTITUTE SHEET LL WO 89/0926; C 3 PCT/EP89/00342 FIGURE 2 2 /2 3 0r 0. w SUBSTMU~TE SHEET N I 4k EcoRI Sau3A/BcJI. 3 A EcoRI <<.24CC i 0 Bc il000oR c 'I IJ c Apr pET1J pE~i Sall 44 1 r ri cl BcII/Sau3A BamnI- 00 BcrSiaI EcoRI VI HIind!ll Sall E0'.C' U3~ PVL li pET3 [pn m C EcoRI ssti Sa] EcoRV BaiHI HindMl EcoRI L-Smal Sau3A/B 0- N clII/Sau 3 A I I -1 1- WO 89/09263 WO 8909263PCT/EP89/00342 FIGURE 7 PstI Bc]I/Sau3A L Baim HI AvaI Smat/Aval Psti Sall Pstl BcII/Sau3A SmaI/Avalt EcoRI Hindt~t SUBSTITUTE SHEET WO 89/09263 PCT/EP89/ 00342 FIGURE 8' Pstl S mal/A v a oRl* A v Saill BamHI EcoRI/EcoRi* SOBjSTITUTE SHEET -r IQ~. I, WO 89/09263 WO 8909263PCT/EP89/ 00342 FIGURE 9A 9 /2 3 1' 2 3 45 ,67 8 'kDa R4i' *Mq. -94 -67 -43 -14 FIGURE 9B 1 2 3 4 56 7 444. pw& SUBStMITUTE SHEET K 1 I- F- I WO 89/09263 WO 8909263PCT/EP89/00342 10/23 FIGURE 2 kDa f% -94.0 -67.0 -43.0 30.0 -20.1 S 14.4 SUBSTITUTE SHEET v J WO 89/09263 PCT/EP89/00342 FIGURE 11 0 x -4 C., SUBSTITUTE SHEET A -7 WO 89/09263 12 /23 PCTIEP89/00342 FIGURE 12 LIPASE Ml ATG AAT AAC AAC AAA ACC CTC CTC N 0 v K L L CCC CTC A L, TGC ATC CCC AGO ACT CTC CTC 50 CTC TOO CCC CCA ONC CAA GCC CCC CTC TTC CCC TCC AGO A I A GCL P C S T C I S S L L L SCG P GCC TAC ACC AAC aCyT I CCG TCC TCC C AGO AAC TAG T I y CCC TOC GAC CCG ATC GCC P 1 V. NOC GCc ACC ACC CAC TBa TAC ATC ICC CAA CIC AC F D CAC CTC 150 ACC ATC CTC CCC CTC S 1 L C V 240 AAC ACO TOO GAG CTO GAG TAC TCC TAC DY y wy P 9S Li SD C GA S VT Y IET VS3 Q L N T S E L loo 330 CAC CTC CAA Q V I CCC CIA CC A ViR CCC GCC ICC PC S CCC CACJ AAC P Q N CCC ICC GGC A CCa GAC CTU CTG GAG ATC GCC I L A CCC CAC CTC P D L CCC CCI CAC ACE CCC CIC GC A LC0 CAA CCC CC I C A CTC CCC GCC GCC ATC ALI GIG GCC V A CC ATA AlI CCC CIC A L TAC AAC T K AGC TOG CCC AAG GC I CTG ACC V T CCC GOC ACG TCC CTC S L AAT CC N a AGO TIC CCC AAC GCC C K V AC CIC CCC S V C ATC CTC AAC LV N AAC ACT CAC N S I CTC AGC TAG V SIy GAC GAG CCC AAC CTC V L CCC CCG A P CGC dIG CL6 CCC CC C A TAC TCC T S AlC GCA CTC CCC CAC ACC CAT CCC GCC CAC AAC CCC TCC CAC ACC GCC 8K CGS D T A 510 CCC GC CIG ATC AAC TIC CTC CCC NCC TTC AAC CCC AAC TAT A A F N AK I 690 TOO AGC CCC ACC AGC CCC CTC CCC GC 1 C CCC ACC Ip T CAC TIC D F ICC GC SCG CCC CAG p Q AGC AAT CAG CAC IE CTC CC V a AIC CC lBR ACC TCC 3sB CCC AlT CLI CTG CTC CCC ATC C 1 270 CTC CTC L L 360 TAC DGG CAG ATC 540 AGO AGO S T 530 CCC AGO 720 CAC GTC 730 OGG CTC CIC TS3P L T N V b D V GGC COC TCC AGC TOG CAC CTG CCC AAG CIC C K V S D L L LCG A S I L T F D IP K DCGL V CR9 C S S H L 840 ATC CCC CAC CAC IiR DOD TAC CCC CAC CAC TB9 Q Q TAC CCC AIC T a K CCC AAC CC A N a CAC CTC GAC GAG GIC AC CAC B L D IV N Q 930 AAA CTC CCC CCC CTC ICA I L A C L 1370 900 ACC TIC CCC CTC ACC AGC CTC TIC GAG AGC CAC CCGCIC ACC CGG T FC0LTS3LF IT D PVT7V ii SUBSTITUTE SHEET HidB -S h -j.S l Pst0 Eco0l -I PSW103 Sail 1 kb -4 m EcoR I-BamnHISI WO 89/09263 PCT/EP89/00342 /4123 FIGURE 14 LIPASE PA01 OTC CAC IA" 113 TTI'. CCC*o AT! ICC CAG CCC CTI C COT CRC GOT CCC CAC GIC TAC CIC ACC CMA TGT CAG CCA CII GCA CAC ICC GAA V D Y W F G I 0 Is K L A K Di G A 0 V Y VTI E C 0 P V G H 5 E~ 120 ISO 180 GTC CCC CCC UAG CRC IT CIC CMA CAC GIG GAG GAA ATC GTC CCC CTC AGC CCC CAC CCC MCG GIC MAC CIG ATC CCC CAC AGC CAC GCC V R G E u L L 0 0V EElI V A LS G 0P K V N L I G H S H G A 210 240 2710 CCC CCG ACC ATC WCC IAC GIC CCC CCC CIA CCI CCC CAC CIG AIC CCT TCC CCC ACC ACC GIC CCC CCC CCG CAC ARC GOT TCC CAC A CC G PT 1IK Y V A A V R P D L I A S AT S V GA P H KG0 S D I 300 330 360 CCC GAC TIC C CIX CAG AIC CCA CCC GGI TCG CCC CC= GAG GCA CIC CIC TCC CCC CIO GOld MC AGC CTC GGc GCG CIO ATC AGC lid AD FI Lh 0 1 P P GS A GE A V L SCG L VN S LIC A L I S F 390 420 450 CIT ICC ACC GGC AGC ACC OT ACG, CRC ART ICA CIC GGC ICC CIC GAG NCO CIC AC AGC GAG CCI CC CC CCC TIC AAC OCC AC IAC L S S G S I G 1 0 Nt 5 L 0 S L E S L M S E 0 A A R F ti A K Y 510 540 C CAC GCC AIC CCC ACO ICC =C TUC CC= CAA CCC CCC TAC AAG CON MC GCC GIG AGC TAT TAC ICC TOO ACC CCI ICCC TC CCCCI P CCGI P1I S AC GCE G AY K V G V S Y Y S W S C S S P L 57U bUO 630 ACC MAC TIC URIA CCC AGC CRC CC TIC CIC CCC GCC ICC ICG CIG ACCC TIC AAC AC GCC ACC GCC AAC GACGO CCC GT GIGCC A CC" I MF L D PS D A F LG A SS L I F K NCGT A N DCGL V GCI 660 69072 ICC AM ICC cIG w4; RIO CIC AIC =C CAC ARC TAd CGG ATC MAC CAC CIC CRC GAu GIG MAC CAC GIC TIC CCC C ACC AGC CIC C 5 S H L C M V I R D) 11 Y R Nt N H, L D E V M 0 V F C L T1 S L 780 TIC GRC ACC AGC CCZ GIC AOC OTC TAC CCC CRC CRC CCC AMC CC CdIG M.G MAC CCC AGC CTG TAG F 1 I S I V S V I IK U H A NI K L K 11 A S L SUBSTITUTE SHEET WO 89/09263 I 3 PCT/EP89/00342 FIGURE E. coi or! pBHA/C 1 7.4kb KMr CM Bacillus o. on1 KpnI 2.0kb fragment from pTMPv18A and KpnI tran NdeI k WO 89/09263 16 /23 PCT/EP89/00342 FIGURE 16 Hinduf EcoRY Introduction on ATG of Ml of NdeI site initiation codon lipase gene Ndel I. Hinduf SUBSTITUTE SHEET 2 WO 89/09263 PCT/EP89/00342 FIGURE 17 17 /23 Ncdel E. coi ori pBHAM 1N 1 9.4kb Bacillus ori L ipw EcoRV and Hindul tran L.coli or! pTZN1M1 4.6kb EcoRY SUB3STITUTE SHECT WO 89/09263 18 /23 FIGURE 18 PCT/EP89/00342 NdeI SUBSTITUTE SHEET jf~ K I, F, WO 89/09263 01I23 PCT/EP89/00342 FIGURE 19 B CD ~69 3 0 21 SUESIT'JTZ SHEET I WO 89/09263 PCT/EP89/00 34 2 FIGURE Hindlif sUBSI~u~SHELET WO 89/09263 PCT/EP89/00342 2) j/23, FIGURE 21 M 0 69 $146 A B C D E F G H WO 89/09263 WO 8909263PCT/EP89/ 00342 2Z/23 FIGURE 22A A C D a F-4! i 41 K L m l ii SUBSTITUTE. Sral"ET I 9 WO 89/09263 PCTIEP89/00342 2 3J23 FIGURE 22B C V 9 F H I J K LUM N -A. r s, t 41.4 qt# w- SUBSTIITEr Sin., II- e .r S/ 4 -L INTERNATIONAL SEARCH REPORT International Application No PCT/EP 89/00342 1- i 1. CLASSIFICATION OF SUIJECT MATTER (if several classification symools aply, indicate all) According to international Patent Classification (IPC) or to both National Classification and IPC C 12 N 15 0 0 IPC 4 C 12 N 9/20, C 12 N 12 N 1/20, C 12 R 1:07, 1:19, 1:38) II. FIELDS SEARCHED Minimum Documentatlon Searched 7 Classifiction System I Classification Symbols IPC 4 C i2 N Documentation Searched other than Minimum Documentation to the Extent that such Documents are Included In the Fields Searched III. DOCUMENTS CONSIDERED TO lE RELEVANT* Category Citation of Document, 1 with indication, where appropriate, of the relevant passages 1 Relevant to Claim No. 13 X EP, A, 0218272 (GIST-BROCADES 12-14 April 1987, see the whole document cited in the application Y 1-11,15-25 X Chemical Abstracts, vol. 106, 1987,, 12-14 (Columbus, Ohio, US), W. Stuer et al.: "Purification of extra- cellular lipase from pseudomonas aeru- ginosa", pages 201,202, abstract no. 29182d, J. Bacteriol. 1986, 168(3),

1070-4, see abstract Y 1-11,15-25 X Journal of General Microbiology, vol. 134, 1-6,8-25 no. 2, February 1988, SGM (GB), S. Wohlfarth et al.: "Chromosomal mapping and cloning of the lipase gene of pseudomonas aeruginosa", pages 433- 440, see the whole article cited in the application Special categories of cited documents: to later document published after the International filing date "A documen definin the enrl stt o the art which is not or rority date and not in conflict with the Iapication but dcumonsideredin to be of particular relevance not cited to unoerstand the principle or theory uncerlying the considered to be ot p lrtcufr relevance Invntion earlier document but published on o tr erthe international document of particular relevance: the claimed invention filing date cannot be considered novel or cannot be consiaered to document which may throw doubts on priority claim(s) or Involve an inventive step which is cited to establish the publication date of another document of particulr relevance: the claimed Invention citation o oother special reason (as specified) cannot be considered to involve an inventive step wnhn the document referring to an oral disclosure, use, exhibitlon or document is combined with one or more other such docU- other means ments, such comoination being obvious to a person skilled document published arior to the Internationl fling date but in the art. later than the priority date claimed document member of the same patent family IV. CERTIFICATION Data of the Actual Completion of the International Search Date of Mailing of this international Search Report 14th June 1989 4 JULg1Mg International Searching Authority Signature ,aAuthorridOfffter EUROPEAN PATENT OFFICE WAA. ORaofl SP (TT Form PCT/ISA/210 (eecond sheet) (January 1915) r i i ril a -i ttl i j, i -L i International Apollestion No. PCT/ EP 8 9/ 00 34 2 -2- Ill. OOCU INTS CONSIDERED TO 91 RELEVANT (CONTINUED FROM THE SECOND SHEET) Category Citation of Doounent, withl Ind"lif, *tWW' aicirooriate. of in. eent passages Rlvn oCam y Biochemical and Biophysical. Research Communications, vol. 141, no. 1, 26 November 1986, Academic Press, Inc. Wataru Kugimiya et al.: "Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of the lipase gene from pseudomonas fragi"l, pages 18.5-190, see the whole article cited in the application X EP, A, 0243338 (LABOFINA 28 October 1987, see the whole document 1-5,15-18 Form PCT ISA 210 (extra Sheet) (January 19115) ii. YJ iK ANNEX TO THE INTERNATIONAL SEARCH REPORT ON INTERNATIONAL PATENT APPLICATION NO. EP 8900342 SA 27401 This annex lists the patent family members reiating to the patent documents cited in the above-mentioned international search report. The members are as contained in the Fresrn Patent Office EDP file on 07/07/89 The European Patent Office is in no tw, libie f- these particulars which are merely given for the purpose of information. Patent document Publication Patent family Publication cited in search report date member(s) date EP-A- 0218272 15-04-87 JP-T- 63500423 18-02-88 WO-A- 8700859 12-02-87 EP-A- 0243338 28-10-87 GB-A- 2191491 16-12-87 JP-A- 63032489 12-02-88 c. IFor more details about this annex :see Official Journal of the European Patent Office, N6. 12182 i i f j I i x I i i:l "-4 i i I v a -i i