AU625910B2

AU625910B2 - Detergent compositions

Info

Publication number: AU625910B2
Application number: AU61135/90A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Alan Dan Barber; Andrew Paul Chapple; Katja Ellen Praefke
Original assignee: Unilever PLC
Current assignee: Unilever PLC
Priority date: 1989-08-21
Filing date: 1990-08-20
Publication date: 1992-07-16
Anticipated expiration: 2010-08-20
Also published as: EP0419036A3; AU6113590A; DE69032814T2; GB8918984D0; DE69032814D1; BR9004104A; ZA906620B; JP2571462B2; EP0419036B1; EP0419036A2; ES2124688T3; JPH03119099A

Description

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AUSTRALIA

PATENTS ACT 1952 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Form

(ORIGINAL)

FOR OFFICE USE 625910 Short Title: Int. Cl: Application Number: Lodged: Complete Specification-Lodged: Accepted: Lapsed: Published: Priority: Related Art:

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I ,I TO BE COMPLETED BY APPLICANT Name of Applicant: S Address of Applicant: a f UNILEVER PLC UNILEVER HOUSE

BLACKFRIARS

LONDON EC4

ENGLAND

Actual Inventor: S Address for Service: GRIFFITH HACK CO., 601 St. Kilda Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.

Complete Specification for the invention entitled: DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS The following statement is a full description of this invention including the best method of performing it known to me:-

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IP- C.3332 Sso DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS S° TECHNICAL FIELD o s °o The present invention relates to a detergency builder additive containing alkali metal aluminosilicate, an organic sequestrant, and sodium carbonate. The invention also relates to the use of the detergency a""o builder additive in a detergent system of the "Bavkasten" or building block type.

a o BACKGROUND AND PRIOR ART On the German market there are a number of products Sof the Baukasten or building block type: a main wash powder is supplied together with separately packaged additives, for example, water softener (builder) and bleach, that need only be used when the wash conditions demand them.

L- I i 1A- C.3332 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 049« 4 0 w o DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS TECHNICAL FIELD 0 00 0 0 0 0444 0 0 1 QU

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0000 0000 i' 00u 0 00 B~ 0 0T 4 0 The present invention relates to a detergency builder additive containing alkali metal aluminosilicate, an organic sequestrant, and sodium carbonate. The invention also relates to the use of the detergency builder additive in a detergent system of the "Baukasten" or building block type.

BACKGROUND AND PRIOR ART On the German market there are a number of products of the Baukasten or building block type: a main wash powder is supplied together with separately packaged additives, for example, water softener (builder) and bleach, that need only be used when the wash conditions demand them.

1 0000 S a0 o a 0 00« -2 C.3332 GB 1 505 274 (Colgate-Palmolive) discloses a detergent composition comprising separately packaged unit doses (tablets, sachets etc) of surfactant, builder, bleach and other ingredients, which can be mixed at will by the consumer to formulate a wash liquor.

EP 243 908A (Henkel) discloses a granular water-softening composition comprising 50-60 wt% fine-crystalline zeolite, 4-12 wt% sodium carbonate, 4-15 wt% sodium citrate, 3-5 wt% acrylic or acrylic/maleic polymer (sodium salt), optionally up to 2 wt% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and 12-25 wt% water. It can be used as an additive to supplement the performance of a commercially available detergent powder.

The composition exemplified contains 62.5 wt% (sic) S, zeolite A, 5.1 wt% sodium carbonate, 10.5 wt% sodium citrate, 4.2 wt% acrylic/maleic copolymer, 0.3 wt% 2 carboxymethylcellulose, and 17.5 wt% water.

ooo DE 3 144 297A (Degussa) discloses a detergency us builder composition (phosphate substitute) comprising zeolite A and alkali metal or ammonium citrate, o 25 preferably prepared by spray-drying. The preferred content of alkali metal or ammonium citrate is from 5 to wt%.

EP 22 023B (Union Carbide) discloses a zeolite 30 agglomerate comprising crystals of zeolite contained in a matrix of nonionic surfactant and sodium citrate dihydrate.

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Qi N '1 3 C.3332 DE 3 316 513A (Benckiser) discloses a free-flowing particulate granulate comprising a water-insoluble aluminosilicate, at least 5 wt% of a homo- or copolymeric polycarboxylic acid or salt, for example, an

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acrylate/maleate copolymer, and optionally an aminopolycarboxylic acid or salt thereof.

DE 3 534 888A (Toyo Soda) discloses a homogeneous granular detergency builder composition comprising an ion-exchanging zeolite, sodium carbonate, and another inorganic salt, for example, sodium sulphate, sodium bicarbonate or a sodium phosphate.

0 's ow oj 0 ~0 0 00 33 o o 0 0trio 0 0 o DEFINITION OF THE INVENTION o 0 i 0 00 0 The present invention provides a detergency builder additive, for use in the washing of soiled laundry, in conjunction with a main wash detergent powder comprising one or more organic surfactants and one or more detergency builders, the builder additive being substantially free of organic surfactants and comprising: 000 25 666" 0303 010 0) 0 9 at least 50 wt% (anhydrous basis) of a water-insoluble alkali metal aluminosilicate, (ii) from 15 to 20 wt% of sodium carbonate, the total of and (ii) preferably being at least wt%, and (iii) from 2 to 12 wt% of organic sequestrant builder.

ii V_ iu~u-n^xx-- Vi It I r 4 C.3332 The present invention also provides a detergent system of the Baukasten (building block) type for washing soiled laundry, comprising as separate components: a main wash powder comprising one or more organic surfactants and one or more detergency builders; a detergency builder additive as defined in the previous paragraph, and, optionally, i' a bleach additive.

o i The present invention further provides a method for washing soiled laundry in a domestic washing machine, using a detergent system as defined in the previous paragraph, which method includes the steps of separately introducing a main wash powder as defined in paragraph above, a detergency builder additive as defined in paragraph above, and optionally a bleach additive into the washing machine.

b 0 0l SDET'ILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION .a detergency builder additive In its first aspect the invention relates to a detergency builder additive comprising three essential components: alkali metal aluminosilicate, organic sequestrant builder, and sodium carbonate.

fc lllllli~lYY~e~.--I~i-i~T-.l\--- 11(I( I i i 5 C.3332 a a a as cl o O a a 'Sa It is well known that the detergency builder performance of aluminosilicates is deficient in some respects and needs to be supplemented by the incorporation of other builders, of which the organic sequestrants have proved especially effective. The detergency builder additive of the invention differs from that disclosed in the above-mentioned EP 243 908A (Henkel) in having a significantly lower proportion of organic sequestrant builder, yet surprisingly its performance as a builder additive is at least as good.

The lower level of organic material is environmentally beneficial because the oxygen demand during degradation is lower.

The detergency builder additive described in EP 243 908A also contains two different organic sequestrants, an acrylate/maleate copolymer (3-5 wt%, for example, 4.2 wt%) and a citrate (4-15 wt%, for example, 2 10.5 while the content of sodium carbonate is only 4-12 wt% (for example, 5.1 The total level of organic sequestrant builder in the exemplified composition is therefore 14.7 wt%, and the total level of inorganic builder 67.6 wt%. The present inventors have found, as will be demonstrated below, that equivalent or slightly better performance may be obtained from a composition containing only 5 wt% of organic sequestrant builder (sodium citrate) together with a rather similar level (58.52 wt%) of zeolite but a significantly higher level (18 wt%) of sodium carbonate (total inorganic builder 76.52 This is all the more surprising in view of the absence of acrylic/maleic polymer which is generally considered to be a more weight-effective builder than citrate.

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II 6 C.3332 09 *r 0 00909 a 9 090* 000 Se 0 0 0 0 00 0 As indicated below, especially preferred detergency builder additives in accordance with the invention contain a citrate as the sole organic sequestrant builder.

The alkali metal aluminosilicate The alkali metal (preferably sodium) aluminosilicates used in the detergency builder additive of the invention may be either crystalline or amorphous or mixtures thereof, and they have the general formula: 0.8-1.5 Na20. Al20. 0.8-6 SiO.

2 2 3 2' These materials contain some bound water and are required to have a calcium ion exchange capacity of at least about 50 mg CaO/g. The preferred sodium 2 aluminosilicates contain 1.5-3.5 SiO 2 units (in the 2 formula above). Both the amorphous and the crystalline materials can be prepared readily by reaction between sodium silicate and sodium aluminate, as amply described in the literature.

Suitable crystalline sodium aluminosilicate ion-exchange detergency builders are described, for example, in GB 1 473 201 (Henkel) and GB 1 429 143 (Procter Gamble). The preferred sodium aluminosilicates of this type are the well-known commercially available zeolites A and X, and mixtures thereof. Especially preferred is zeolite 4A.

0 4 00 0 w 4i I 4 i L_ i -7 C3332AU(1) The novel zeolite P described and claimed in EP 384 070A (Unilever) may also be used in the detergency builder additive of the invention.

Calculated on an anhydrous basis, the builder additive of the invention contains at least 50 wt%, preferably from 50 to 65 wt%, more preferably from 55 to 65 wt%, of aluminosilicate.

Sodium carbonate o" 0An important characteristic of the builder additive of the invention is the relatively high content of sodium S° carbonate: 15 to 20 wt%.

Use of 15 wt% or more sodium carbonate apparently enables a substantially smaller amount of organic o:*o 20 sequestrant builder to be used without loss of building efficacy; while levels above 20 wt%, which might give rise to objections of excessive alkalinity and a requirement under some legislations for hazard warning labelling, have been found to be unnecessary.

The use of the builder additive of the invention in conjunction with a separate main wash powder enables builder level to be tailored to suit conditions of water hardness so that optimum alkalinity and wash performance are obtained.

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I 't 8 C.3332 Total inorganic builder content The total amount of aluminosilicate and sodium carbonate in the builder additive of the invention is preferably at least 70 wt%, and more preferably at least wt%.

The organic sequestrant builder 0 000 o 15 o 0 00 25 0 2 LI00 00 r2 0 0L 09 1 3 The organic sequestrant builder is present in an amount of from 2 to 12 wt%. If more than one organic sequestrant builder is present, the total amount should lie within this range. Preferably the amount of organic sequestrant builder present is from 2 to 10 wt%, more preferably from 2 to 7 wt%, and most preferably from 4 to 7 wt%.

The organic sequestrant builder is preferably a polycarboxylate material. Polycarboxylate detergency builders are well known to the skilled detergent formulator, and include polymeric polycarboxylates such as polyacrylates, acrylic/maleic copolymers and polyacetal carboxylates, and monomeric polycarboxylates such as nitrilotriacetates, citrates, oxydisuccinates, tartrate monosuccinates and disuccinates, and carboxymethyloxysuccinates; this list is not intended to be exhaustive. A mixture of two or more organic sequestrant builders may if desired be present.

t :i ;i According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the organic sequestrant builder comprises a water-soluble salt of citric acid, for example, an alkali metal citrate or ammonium citrate, conveniently sodium citrate. Citrates have the known advantage of being readily biodegradable and environmentally innocuous.

r 1 I I z 9 C.3332 According to an especially environmentally friendly embodiment of the invention, the builder additive contains a water-soluble citric acid salt as the sole organic sequestrant builder.

Other polycarboxylate builders known to have environmental advantages, for example, carboxymethyloxysuccinates, may alternatively be used.

Another class of polycarboxylate builders suitable for use in the detergency builder additive of the invention comprises the water-soluble salts of polymeric polycarboxylic acids. Especially preferred are water-soluble salts of homo- and copolymers of acrylic acid, and more especially acrylic/maleic copolymers.

Like citrates, these are conveniently and preferably used in sodium salt form.

00 0 o 0 15 o 0 0 o 0 o 4 aQJ a 8$ The detergency builder additive of the invention may also, if desired, contain both polymer and citrate, provided that the total amount of the two is within the bo. range of 2 to 12 wt%; but the use of a single organic 0 sequestrant, especially citrate, is generally preferred for good performance combined with simplicity and ease of formulation.

Polymeric polycarboxylate builders which may suitably be used, alone or in combination, in the detergency builder additive of the invention include the following: r 1 I 10 Polymer type Polyacrylate Polyacrylate Polyacrylate Trade name Versicol* Versicol* E7 Versicol* E9 Narlex* LD 30 Narlex* LD 34 Acrysol* LMW- 10 Acrysol* LMW-20 Sup ie1r Allied Colloids Allied Colloids Allied Colloids National Adhesives National Adhesives C. 3332 Avorac~e m wt 3500 27 000 70 000 51 *00 5 44 0 5 15 44440 000405 o 0 5.5 0004 Polyacrylate Polyacrylate 5000 25 000 Polyacrylate Polyacrylate 04~ 4 0 4044 0005 4 04 40 5.

000 Polyacrylate Polyacrylate Acrysol* Acrysol* Al-N Sokalan* R?3hm Haas R~hm Haas Rdhm Haas Rdhm Haas

BASF

1000 2000 4500 60 000 2500 Polyacrylate I a 11 C. 3332 Polymer type Trade name supplier Polyacrylate Polyacrylate Polyacrylate Sokalan* Sokalan* Sokalan* PA-110

BASF

Averagre mn wt 15 000 70 000 250 000 o 15 Ethylene/ itialeic acid EMIA* Monsanto Methyl vinyl ether/maleic acid Acrylate/ in~.leate Gantrez* AN 119 Sokalan* CP5, CP7 DKW Belsperse*

GAF

Corporation

BASF

0 s S Acrylic phosphinate, Acry1.i c phosphinate National Adhesives Ciba-Ge gy *denotes Trade Mark Ratio of aluminosilicate to organic builder The ratio of aluminosilicate to organic sequestrant builder is preferably within the range of from 5:1 to 30:1, more preferably from 10:1 to 15:1.

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IL~CI-LL~ i~ li"Y-)i. ICI IC -i I 'r 12 C.3332 Preparation of the builder additive The builder additive is suitably prepared by processes involving dry-mixing of the sodium carbonate with the remaining ingredients.

The alkali metal aluminosilicate is conveniently incorporated in the form of a granular spray-dried 1 material, for example, as described in EP 191 187B, EP 195 127A, EP 279 038A, EP 279 039A and EP 279 040A (Degussa).

If the organic sequestrant builder is available in granular form, that may conveniently be dry-mixed with the granular aluminosilicate and the sodium carbonate.

o Both sodium citrate and acrylic/maleic copolymer may na p conveniently be incorporated by this method.

o An alternative procedure involves spraying an aqueous solution of the organic sequestrant builder onto the granular aluminosilicate, and then dry-mixing the 0 a 4 %0G0' resulting granules with the sodium carbonate.

Other suitable processes for preparing the detergency builder additive of the invention will readily suggest themselves to the skille detergent formulator.

Other ingredients The detergency builder additive of the invention may if desired contain minor amounts of other ingredients for example, processing aids, binders, inorganic salts, perfumes or colourants. Some of these'minor ingredients may be imported directly from granular aluminosilicate raw material.

i L t 13 C.3332 As indicated previously, the detergency builder additive is substantially free of organic surfactants.

That does not preclude the presence of low levels, for example, up to 5 wt% and preferably not more than 3 wt%, of surfactant material, for example, imported from commercially available aluminosilicate granules, as a binder or processing aid.

The Baukasten detergent system In its second aspect the invention is concerned with o '0 a wash system of the Baukasten (building block) type o 5 which provides in separate packs a main wash powder, O o 15 adequate in itself for lightly soiled loads and low water S° hardness, and a builder additive that can be used to supplement the main wash powder when the load is heavily o o a soiled or the water hardness high. The Baukasten system 2 has the environmental benefit of reducing the unnecessary usage of chemicals.

The main wash powder is thus sufficiently fully o formulated to enable it to be used alone under favourable wash conditions. It contains at least one organic surfactant, and at least one detergency builder.

SThe total amount of detergent-active material (surfactant) in the main wash powder is suitably from 2 to 50% by weight, and is preferably from 5 to 40% by weight.

The main wash powder may contain one or more soap or non-soap anionic, nonionic, cationic, amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants, or combinations of these.

1;1 :1 I.jl~LILI~ 14 C.3332 a 9 00 d a 00 a a 00,0a4 a a a aq a a, 06a0 0) a 0 .0 0 a~4 a9 a aI Many suitable detergent-active compounds are available and are fully described in the literature, for example, in "Surface-Active Agents and Detergents", Volumes I and II, by Schwartz, Perry and Berch.

The preferred detergent-active compounds that can be used are soaps and synthetic non-soap anionic surfactants and nonionic surfactants.

Syntnetic anionic surfactants are well known to those skilled in the art. Examples include alkylbenzene sulphonates, particularly sodium linear alkylbenzene sulphonates having an alkyl chain length of 15 primary and secondary alkyl sulphates, particularly sodium C 12

-C

15 primary alcohol sulphates; olefin sulphonates; alkane sulphonates; dialkyl sulphosuccinates; and fatty acid ester sulphonates.

Suitable nonionic detergent compounds which may be used include in particular the reaction products of compounds having a hydrophobic group and a reactive hydrogen atom, for example, aliphatic alcohols, acids, amides or alkyl phenols with alkylene oxides, especially ethylene oxide either alone or with propylene oxide.

Specific nonionic detergent compounds are alkyl (C 6 2 phenol-ethylene oxide condensates, the condensation products of linear or branched aliphatic CS- 2 0 primary or secondary alcohols with ethylene oxide, and products made 30 by condensation of ethylene oxide with the reaction products of propylene oxide and ethylenediamine. Other so-called nonionic detergent compounds include long-chain tertiary amine oxides, tertiary phosphine oxides, and dialkyl sulphoxides.

IL 2 I I 15 C.3332 Especially preferred are the primary and secondary alcohol ethoxylates, especially the C 12 15 primary and secondary alcohols ethoxylated with an average of from to 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol.

It may also be desirable to include one or more soaps of fatty acids. These are preferably sodium soaps derived from naturally occurring fatty acids, for S example, the fatty acids from coconut oil, beef tallow, sunflower or hardened rape seed oil.

Detergent compositions suitable for use in automatic fabric washing machines generally contain anionic surfactant, or nonionic surfactant, or both together in any proportions, and soap may also be present if desired.

The main wash powder also contains one or more detergency builders. Since it is intended that the performance of the main wash powder in hard or even moderately hard water should be boosted by the additional use of the detergency builder additive, the level of builder in the main wash powder may be relatively modest.

25 Detergency builders are well-known in the art.

it Inorganic builders that may be present include alkali metal (generally sodium) ortho-, pyro- and tripolyphosphate, the latter material being especially effective. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, however, the .main wash powder contains less than 10 wt% of inorganic phosphate, and is more preferably substantially free of inorganic phosphate.

i .I i L ,i ii'' I i 1 C.3332 Non-phosphate detergency builders are also well known to the skilled detergent formulator. Inorganic non-phosphate builders include alkali metal (generally sodium) carbonates and aluminosilicates; and examples of organic non-phosphate builders have been listed above in the description of the builder additive of the invention.

Preferably the main wash powder comprises a builder 0 system based on an alkali metal aluminosilicate and/or an alkali metal carbonate. An example of a carbonate-based builder system suitable for use in the main wash powder is an alkali metal carbonate in combination with finely Sa, divided calcite as described and claimed in ia onc GB 1 43;7 50 (Unilever).

SAccording to a preferred embodiment of the invention, however, the main wash powder contains a S0°'i builder system similar to that of the builder additive, .o comprising an alkali metal aluminosilicate, optionally an alkali metal carbonate, and an organic sequestrant builder. The preferred organic sequestrant bui.ders Sao for use in the main wash powder are those mentioned above S"4* as preferred for use in the builder additive; the organic sequestrant builders used in the two components S, may be the same or different.

The preferred ratio of aluminosilicate to organic sequestrant builder in the main wash powder is within the S 30 range of from 5:1 to 30:1.

If desired, the main wash powder may contain other functional ingredients commonly encountered in detergent powders, for example, peroxy bleaches, bleach activators, bleach stabilisers, enzymes, fabric softeners, antifoams, I, H i 1 i 17 C.3332 antiredeposition agents, sodium silicate, perfumes and other materials well known to the skilled detergent formulator. Bleaching ingredients, however, are preferably separated out into a second additive, as described in more detail below, which need only be used when the soiling of the washload necessitates it.

The main wash powder is preferably free or substantially free of inert fillers, for example, inorganic salts such.as sodium sulphate, that do not contribute to wash performance. This applies also to the builder additive and, if appropriate, the bleach additive. Small amounts of apparently inert 00 0 I0 ingredients, for- example, inorganic salts may however be o0:0oo present in order to ensure that powder properties such as o flow and resistance to caking are acceptable.

0 0 The bleach additive 2o The bleach additive which optionally, and 0 preferably, forms part of the Baukasten detergent system 0 of the invention, suitably comprises a persalt or o0.29 peracid, if necessary or desired together with a bleach precursor and/or a bleach stabiliser.

oo. The bleach additive may, for example, comprise a o major proportion of an inorganic persalt, for example, 3 sodium perborate monohydrate or tetrahydrate; a lesser.

proportion of a bleach precursor, for example, tetracetylethylene diamine; and any suitable minor ingredients, for example, bleach stabiliser, colourant, perfume.

r I I 18 C.3332 The wash method In its third aspect, the invention provides a method for washing soiled laundry in a domestic washing machine, which utilises the flexibility of the Baukasten detergent system defined above.

Thus when washing a lightly soiled load in soft water, the main wash powder alone may be employed. If io the load is stained, the main wash powder is suitably used in conjunction with the bleach additive. In hard water conditions, the main wash powder and builder additive should both normally be used, if necessary in o 15 conjunction with the bleach additive. Different amounts of the main wash powder, the bleach and builder additives will generally be appropriate for different circumstances.

The main wash powder, the builder additive and (if present) the bleach additive will generally be packed in separate containers within a larger outer contains r, and instructions will be provided to enable the consumer to o O ouse amounts and proportions of the components most suited to the wash conditions on any particul;r occasion.

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0000i 13 *0 4 4 Of course, it is also essential to the flexibility of the Baukasten detergent system that the main wash powder, the builder additive and (if appropriate) the bleach additive should also be available separately as refills, since supplies of the three components are unlikely to be exhausted simultaneously.

With the initially supplied multiple pack, instructions will be provided indicating recommended dosages of the various components under different conditions of water hardness, wash load size, degree of

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ii La-: i- 1. i -i 19 C.3332 soiling of the washload, washing machine programme and other relevant parameters. The recommended amounts and proportions will of course depend on the exact formulations of those components.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the various components of the Baukasten system of the present invention may be colour-coded to aid the consumer, that is to say, the main wash powder, the builder additive and (if present) the bleach additive may be of different colours. Preferably the main wash powder, which is the component used in the larger (or largest) amount, is uncoloured (ie of natural colour) in 15 order to minimise the usage of colourant, while the builder additive and (if present) the bleach additive are 0o deliberately given a distinctive appearance by the use of colourant.

The powders may be homogeneously coloured, or, preferably, may contain a small percentage about to 3 wt%, preferably 1 to 2 wt% of coloured s-eckles, So the bulk remaining of natural colour, thus achieving distinctiveness with a minimum usage of colourant. In a system containing both a builder additive and a bleach additive, the additives may contain differently coloured speckles, for example, green for the builder additive and blue for the bleach additive. The speckles should preferably consist simply of coloured particles of the component itself, or of a functional ingredient that would in any case be present either in the component in question or in another component.

The invention will now be illustrated by the following non-limiting Examples, in which parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise stated.

c r n. rl;:y-r rr; I i ai I-;C i ~~ii-iu~ 20 C.3332 EXAMPLES 1 TO 5. COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE A: PREPARATION OF BUILDER ADDITIVES Example 1 A builder additive was prepared to the following formulation by dry-mixing: Granular zeolite Al Granular sodium citrate dihydrate Sodium carbonate (anhydrous) natural colour green speckles 2 Perfume 77.0 15.9 0.1 4 4 t 1

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*s 15 9*4* 0 4 4 0 0 *44* 1 Wessalith (Trade Mark) CS ex Degussa 2 containing 0.1 wt% green colourant The true composition of this builder additive was as follows: o 044 0 4 s ao a 4 00 4 444 44 t Builder additive Zeolite A (anhydrous basis) 58.52 Sodium carbonate 17.9 Sodium sulphate 2.23 Sodium hydroxide 0.38 Sodium citrate Nonionic surfactant 2.0 Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 1.54 Perfume 0.1 Water 12.32 Granular zeolite 76.0 2.9 2.6 16.0 16.0

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L_ I I I 6 21 C.3332 This builder additive contained 76.52 wt%, in total, of zeolite (anhydrous basis) and sodium carbonate; and wt% of organic sequestrant builder (sodium citrate).

The ratio of aluminosilicate to organic sequestrant in this builder additive was 11.7 1.

Comparative Example A A builder additive in accordance with EP 243 908A (Henkel) was prepared to the following formulation: 6 6 6 Zeolite A (anhydrous basis) 62.5 6 6 Sodium carbonate 5.1 Sodium citrate 10.5 Acrylic/maleic copolymer 3 4.2 Sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.3 .o .Water 17.5 Sokalan (Trade Mark) CP5 ex BASF This builder additive contained 67.6 wt%, in total, of zeolite (anhydrous basis) and sodium carbonate; and 14.7 wt%, in total, of organic sequestrant builder (sodium citrate and acrylic/maleic copolymer).

The ratio of aluminosilicate to organic sequestrant in this builder additive was 4.25 1.

22 C, 3332 Example 2 A builder additive was prepared to the following formulation by dry-mixing: Granular zeolite A Granular sodium citrate dihydrate Sodium carbonate (anhydrous) 75.0 20.0 The true composition of this builder additive was as follows: 9 0 00 o a O 0. 0 oo oo o~o Builder 15 additive Zeolite A (anhydrous basis) 57.0 Sodium carbonate 20.0 Sodium sulphate 2.18 Sodium hydroxide 0.38 Sodium citrate 5.0 Nonionic surfactant 1.95 Sodium cerboxymethyl cellulose 1.5 Water 12.0 Granular zeolite 76.0 2.9 2.

16.0 o Qo 0 0 00 0 0 D 0 This builder additive contained 77.0 wt%, in total, of zeolite (anhydrous basis) and sodium carbonate; and wt% of organic sequestrant builder (sodium citrate).

The ratio of aluminosilicate to organic sequestrant in this builder additive was 11.4 1.

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r r i I 23 C.3332 Example 3 A builder additive was prepared by dry-mixing the following materials to the following formulation: Granular zeolite A Granular acrylic/maleic copolymer Sodium carbonate (anhydrous) 80.0 15.0 o 0 qn 0e 0 P 0 0 o 0~ 0 0 y0 .4o The true composition of this builder additive was follows: Builder additive Zeolite A (anhydrous basis) 60.8 Sodium carbonate 15.0 Sodium sulphate 2.32 Sodium hydroxide 0.4 Acrylic/maleic copolymer Nonionic surfactant 2.08 Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 1.6 Water 12.8 Granular zeolite 76.0 2.9 2.6 16.0 ouJ g0 00 0 00 O~ 4 O1 4 4 00 LLS~i This builder additive contained 75 wt%, in total, of zeolite (anhydrous basis) and sodium carbonate; and wt% of organic sequestrant builder (acrylic/maleic copolymer).

The ratio of aluminosilicate to organic sequestrant in this builder additive was 12.16 1.

Ji I- I-i- (I ilil i Lrr- I> I 24 Example 4 C.3332 A builder additive was prepared by the method of Example 1 to the following formulation: Granular zeolite A Granular acrylic/maleic copolymer Sodium carbonate (anhydrous) 75.0 20.0 The true composition of this builder additive was follows: o I IIt Builder additive I c r Zeolite A (anhydrous basis) Sodium carbonate 2 Sodium sulphate Sodium hydroxide Acrylic/maleic copolymer Nonionic surfactant Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Water 57.0 20.0 2.18 0.38 1.95 1.5 12.0 Granular zeolite 76.0 2.9 2.6 16.0

III

Ir I i, This builder additive contained 77.0 wt%, in total, of zeolite (anhydrous basis) and sodium carbonate; and 5.0 wt% of organic sequestrant builder (acrylic/maleic copolymer).

LIIII~-DI- 25 C.3332

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Example A builder additive was prepared to the following formulation by spraying an aqueous solution of the acrylic/maleic copolymer onto the granular zeolite, and then dry-mixing the sodium carbonate and sodium carbonate speckles: Granular zeolite A 78.0 Acrylic/maleic copolymer S-dium carbonate (anhydrous) natural colour 15.5 C green speckles 00 0 0 o The true composition of this builder additive was as 15 follows: o a 04 2 9 00 009 4 9 9 a 49 4l 9 0.a *25 Oo 4 4 a j I 0 4 9 94 9 0f Builder additive Zeolite A (anhydrous basis) 59.28 Sodium carbonate 17.5 Sodium sulphate 2.26 Sodium hydroxide 0.39 Acrylic/maleic copolymer Nonionic surfactant 2.03 Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 1.56 Water 12.48 Granular zeolite 76.0 2.9 2.6 16.0 This builder additive contained 76.78 wt%, in total, of zeolite (anhydrous basis) and sodium carbonate; and wt% of organic sequestrant builder (acrylic/maleic copolymer).

The ratio of aluminosilicate to organic sequestrant in this builder additive was 13.17 1.

i e~iE 26 C.3332 EXAMPLES 6 TO 11 BAUKASTEN SYSTEMS Example 6 A main wash powder was prepared to the following formulation by spray-drying and postdosing: Linear alkylbenzene sulphonate Nonionic surfactant Zeolite (anhydrous) Sodium silicate Sodium carbonate Acrylic/maleic copolymer Proteolytic enzyme Antifoam granules* Minor ingredients, salts, moisture 14.40 6.40 38.38 1.12 12.60 4.70 0.60 4.50 to 100.00 i

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*r I *as disclosed in Example 3 of EP 266 863A (Unilever).

This main wash powder was used to form a Baukasten detergent system together with the builder additive of Example 5 above, and a bleach additive having the following composition, prepared by dry mixing: Sodium perborate monohydrate TAED granules (83 wt% active) Blue speckles (of main wash powder) 74.25 24.75 i, i I I 27 C.3332 Recommended dosages for use in a standard washing machine (wash liquor volume about 20 litres) were as follows: Main wash powder Builder additive Bleach additive 80 or 110 g (main wash), g (prewash); 0, 10, 20 or 30 g; 0, 20 or 30 g.

Usage of the main wash powder and the bleach additive will depend on soiling conditions (and thus machine programme selected), as follows: Light soil, fine/coloured wash: Light soil, other wash: 4 4 l Normal soil: 4 i 80 g main wash powder 80 g main wash powder, 20 g bleach additive 110 g main wash powder g bleach additive Heavy soil: prewash 5F g main wash powder main wash 110 g main wash powder g bleach additive Usage of the builder additive, however, will depend only on water hardness, and a suitable recommendation is as follows: Water hardness 1 0 70 German hard): Water hardness 2 7 140 German hard): Water hardness 3 (14 210 Germae", hard): Water hardness 4 >21° German hz. 0 g 10 g 20 g 30 g L I;t i 28 C.3332 A Tergotometer (Trade Mark) experiment was carried out to show the effect of the builder additive in bringing hard water detergency performance up to soft water level.

The experiment was carried out using a commercially available test cloth (oily/particulate soil), a 40 0 C heat up and 30 minute wash cycle, and the results were as shown in Table 1.

Table 1 o 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 S Water hardness (ODH) 5.6 17 o 0 o Main wash powder 4 4 0 CQ0 Builder additive 0 1 Reflectance increase

(AR

4 6 0 20.1 21.2 0 00 0 0 o D0 L h' 1 29 C.3332 Example 7 A main wash powder was prepared to the following formulation by spray-drying and postdosing: Linear alkylbenzene sulphonate 12.0 Nonionic surfactant (7EO) Nonionic surfactant (3EO) Soap Zeolite (anhydrous basis) 37.5 SSodium carbonate 12.5 Sodium silicate Acrylic/maleic copolymer 2.2 15 Sodium carboxymethylcellulose Proteolytic enzyme 0.8 I Antifoam granules* Water 14.5 100.0 4, *as disclosed in Example 3 of EP 266 863A (Unilever).

This main wash powder was used to form a Baukasten detergent system together with the builder additive of Example 1 above.

Detergencies under various conditions of water hardness were assessed in the Tergotometer (Trade Mark), using a 40 0 C heat-up and 30-minute wash cycle.

Detergencies were monitored by means of two different test cloths, reflectances at 460 nm being measured before and after the wash procedure on an ICS Micromatch Flectometer (Trade Mark). Conditions and results are shown in Table 2 below.

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lr il LLliL--l---L~IIL_ 30 Table 2 C.3332 Conditions Water hardness French (OFH) German (ODH) .0 Main wash powder dosage (g/l) Builder additive Sdosage (g/l) 7 4 3.5 0 20 11 3.5 32 18 3.5 46 24 0 or 3 0 or 1 0 or 2 Reflectance increase (AR 460 Test cloth 1 (oil/silica/ink on cotton): without builder 25.33 23.03 19.73 with builder 25.63 25.73 18.03 25.93 Test cloth 2 (kaolin/woolfat on cotton): without builder 17.18 12.58 13.78 15.58 3c with builder -18.48 19.08 18.18 3 5 31 C.3332 Example 8 A main wash powder was prepared to the following formulation by spray-drying and postdosing: Linear alkylbenzene sulphonate 14.20 Nonionic surfactant 6.20 Zeolite (anhydrous) 37.70 Sodium silicate 2.20 Sodium carbonate 16.80 S* Acrylic/maleic copolymer 6.20 Sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.80 o 15 Proteolytic enzyme 0.60 Antifoam ingredients 1.10 S Minor ingredients, salts, moisture 14.20 100.0< This main wash powder was used to form a Baukasten detergent system together with the builder additi-re of Example 1 above.

4' 25 Detergencies were assessed as described in Example 7, using various test cloths. Conditions and results are shown in Table 3 below.

4i i i -11;-~1 I I 32 C.3332 Table 3 i ii i.

9: i j: ii ri i ii ;a Conditions Water hardness French (OFH) German (ODH) Aain wash powder dosage (g/l) Ir i Builder additive 15 dosage (g/l) s 0 or 1 0 or 2 0 or 3 44rI I I 0'a t 0 0 Reflectance increase (4R 460 Test cloth 1 (oil/silica/ink on cotton): without builder 26.16 25.25 with builder 26.31 Test cloth 3 (casein on cotton): without builder 26.85 26.05 with builder 26.55 Test cloth 4 (Indian ink/olive oil on po without builder 57.22 56.32 with builder 56.52 22.71 25.26 19.79 23.91 23.65 19.55 26.25 25.15 lyester/cotton): 54.52 53.32 56.22 55.62 -;i 33 C.3332 Example 9 The effects of the builder additives of Example 1 and of Comparative Example A were compared using a Tergotometer as in Examples 7 and 8.

The main wash powder of Examples 8 and 9 was used, together with a bleach additive similar to that described in Example 6. Detergencies were compared using the Tergotometer as in Examples 6 to 8 (40 0 C heat-up and wash). The results were as shown in Table 4.

a 15 Table 4 Conditions Water hardness French (OFH) 7 20 32 46 German (ODH) 4 11 18 24 Main wash powder S 25 dosage 4 4 4 4 Bleach additive dosage 1 1 1 1 Builder additive dosage 0 1 2 3 i ~I IL *.I 34 Table 4 (continued) Reflectance increase

(AR

4 6 0 Test cloth 1 (oil/silica/ink on cotton): without builder Example 1 Example A 31.90 -31.50 -31.30 31.30 30.90 C.3332 31.10 30.80 31.85 31.35 30.81 30.41 o 00 00 4 0 1 o oo a 0 00 o 0o 0oo OO 20 0 00 Test cloth 2 (kaolin/woolfat on cotton): without builder Example 1 Example A 32.35 31.55 31.85 32.05 30.95 Test cloth 3 (casein on cotton): without builder Example 1 Example A 30.71 31.51 31.01 31.41 30.51 0 00 0 0 4 t Ol G6$q Test cloth 5 (tea on cotton): without builder Example 1 Example A 12.48 16.38 -12.98 16.08 13.88 15.58 13.38 It will be seen that the builder additive of Example 1 generally performed at least as well as the prior art builder additive of Comparative Example A, despite its substantially lower content of organic sequestrant and the absence of acrylic/maleic copolymer.

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t~i it ii: ii 35 C.3332 Example In this Example, the effect of the builder additive of Example 1 on the detergency of the main wash powder of Example 8 in 300 (French) hard water was investigated using an AEG Lavamat (Trade Mark) washing machine, using the 60 0 C wash cycle and a 2.5 kg load of clean cotton sheeting and terry towelling. Detergency was monitored 1 by means of various test cloths. Conditions and results o were as shown in Table SExample 11 0 SThe procedure of Example 10 was repeated using 400 (French) hard water.

Conditions and results were as shown in Table 6.

p -I 1 i 0 36 C.3332 Table Conditions Water hardness (OFH) Main wash powder dosage (g) .0 Builder additive dosage (g) 0 000 o 00 0c o4 oa n 9 0 0 On 09 0 00 0 0 4 o iI Reflectance increase

(AR

4 60 Test cloth 1 (oil/silica/ink on cotton): without builder 32.9 with builder Test cloth 6 (casein on cotton): without builder 34.87 with builder Test cloth 7 (oil/silica/ink on cotton): without builder 27.83 with builder 0 or 21.6 29.61 29.58 33.40 17.61 24.14 r

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a'i 37 C.3332 Table 6 Conditions Water hardness (OFH) Main wash powder dosage (g) 0 Builder additive dosage (g) 0 or os o Ats t 0sr tO U CO l Ast 0 At.

1 Cot, o t Ot I 0 1

A,

OtI Co 1 Reflectance increase (AR 4 6 0 Test cloth 1 (oil/silica/ink on cotton): without builder 30.97 22.69 20 with builder 31.95 Test cloth 2 (kaolin/woolfat on cotton): without builder 31.40 28.50 25 with builder 34.30 Test cloth 6 (casein on cotton): without builder 34.92 30.31 with builder 33.75 Test cloth 8 (kaolin/woolfat on polyester): without builder 8.03 2.50 with builder 7.10 616

B

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