AU616396B2 - Copolymers of ethylene and 1,3-butadiene - Google Patents
Copolymers of ethylene and 1,3-butadiene Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU616396B2 AU616396B2 AU12234/88A AU1223488A AU616396B2 AU 616396 B2 AU616396 B2 AU 616396B2 AU 12234/88 A AU12234/88 A AU 12234/88A AU 1223488 A AU1223488 A AU 1223488A AU 616396 B2 AU616396 B2 AU 616396B2
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- copolymer
- comonomer
- ethylene
- butadiene
- catalyst
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F210/16—Copolymers of ethene with alpha-alkenes, e.g. EP rubbers
- C08F210/18—Copolymers of ethene with alpha-alkenes, e.g. EP rubbers with non-conjugated dienes, e.g. EPT rubbers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F210/02—Ethene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
- C08F4/639—Component covered by group C08F4/62 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
- C08F4/63912—Component covered by group C08F4/62 containing a transition metal-carbon bond in combination with an organoaluminium compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
- C08F4/639—Component covered by group C08F4/62 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
- C08F4/63916—Component covered by group C08F4/62 containing a transition metal-carbon bond supported on a carrier, e.g. silica, MgCl2, polymer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
- C08F4/639—Component covered by group C08F4/62 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
- C08F4/6392—Component covered by group C08F4/62 containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
- C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/659—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
- C08F4/65912—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond in combination with an organoaluminium compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
- C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/659—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
- C08F4/65916—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond supported on a carrier, e.g. silica, MgCl2, polymer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
- C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/659—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
- C08F4/6592—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
- Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
- Polyamides (AREA)
- Medical Preparation Storing Or Oral Administration Devices (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US94438586A | 1986-12-19 | 1986-12-19 | |
| US944385 | 1986-12-19 | ||
| IN1012DE1987 IN172494B (enExample) | 1986-12-19 | 1987-11-27 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU1223488A AU1223488A (en) | 1988-07-15 |
| AU616396B2 true AU616396B2 (en) | 1991-10-31 |
Family
ID=26324691
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU12234/88A Ceased AU616396B2 (en) | 1986-12-19 | 1987-12-16 | Copolymers of ethylene and 1,3-butadiene |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (2) | EP0526955A1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP2764163B2 (enExample) |
| AT (1) | ATE111114T1 (enExample) |
| AU (1) | AU616396B2 (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE3750506T2 (enExample) |
| ES (1) | ES2058131T3 (enExample) |
| IN (1) | IN172494B (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO1988004672A1 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (42)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5008204A (en) * | 1988-02-02 | 1991-04-16 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Method for determining the compositional distribution of a crystalline copolymer |
| EP0358103B1 (en) * | 1988-09-05 | 1993-12-15 | Idemitsu Kosan Company Limited | Method for the preparation of a polymer |
| DE4139261A1 (de) * | 1991-11-29 | 1993-06-03 | Basf Ag | Ethylen-copolymerisate niederer dichte |
| US5712353A (en) * | 1994-10-31 | 1998-01-27 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Gas phase polymerization process |
| US5763543A (en) * | 1994-09-14 | 1998-06-09 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Olefin polymerization process with little or no scavenger present |
| US6300451B1 (en) | 1994-10-24 | 2001-10-09 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Long-chain branched polymers and their production |
| US6239058B1 (en) * | 1995-07-18 | 2001-05-29 | Fina Technology, Inc. | Process for activating a metallocene catalyst supported on silica |
| CA2181413A1 (en) * | 1995-07-18 | 1998-01-18 | Edwar S. Shamshoum | Process for the syndiotactic propagation of olefins |
| IT1276070B1 (it) | 1995-10-31 | 1997-10-24 | Siac It Additivi Carburanti | Processo per la preparazione di polimeri a base di etilene a basso peso molecolare |
| CA2192156C (en) * | 1995-12-08 | 2006-07-11 | Nobuhiro Tsujimoto | Catalyst and process for producing conjugated diene polymer |
| SG71754A1 (en) * | 1997-02-13 | 2000-04-18 | Sumitomo Chemical Co | Copolymer and copolymer composition |
| TW420693B (en) | 1997-04-25 | 2001-02-01 | Mitsui Chemicals Inc | Olefin polymerization catalysts, transition metal compounds, and <alpha>-olefin/conjugated diene copolymers |
| DE69813958T2 (de) | 1997-07-18 | 2004-03-11 | Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. | Ungesättigte Copolymere, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und Mischungen, die diese enthalten |
| JP2000063639A (ja) * | 1998-08-13 | 2000-02-29 | Mitsui Chemicals Inc | α−オレフィン/共役ジエン系共重合体組成物 |
| TW576843B (en) | 1998-12-25 | 2004-02-21 | Mitsui Chemicals Inc | Olefin polymerization catalyst and process for olefin polymerization using the olefin polymerization catalyst |
| ITSA20010016A1 (it) * | 2001-06-05 | 2001-09-05 | Univ Degli Studi Salerno | Copolimeri a base di etilene contenenti anelli ciclopropanici nella catena principale. |
| JP2004018696A (ja) * | 2002-06-17 | 2004-01-22 | Tosoh Corp | エチレン−共役ジエン系共重合体 |
| CN1681858A (zh) | 2002-09-20 | 2005-10-12 | 埃克森美孚化学专利公司 | 超临界聚合方法和由其生产的聚合物 |
| CN101124235B (zh) | 2004-07-08 | 2010-12-15 | 埃克森美孚化学专利公司 | 烯烃聚合催化剂体系及其使用方法 |
| US8143352B2 (en) | 2006-12-20 | 2012-03-27 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Process for fluid phase in-line blending of polymers |
| US8080610B2 (en) | 2007-03-06 | 2011-12-20 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Monomer recycle process for fluid phase in-line blending of polymers |
| US7928162B2 (en) | 2007-09-13 | 2011-04-19 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | In-line process for producing plasticized polymers and plasticized polymer blends |
| US7910637B2 (en) | 2007-09-13 | 2011-03-22 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | In-line blending of plasticizers with a base polymer |
| EP2231779B1 (en) | 2007-12-20 | 2012-06-06 | ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company | In-line process to produce pellet-stable polyolefins |
| CN103254497B (zh) | 2007-12-20 | 2015-11-18 | 埃克森美孚研究工程公司 | 生产聚丙烯和乙烯-丙烯共聚物的共混物的在线共混方法 |
| US7910679B2 (en) | 2007-12-20 | 2011-03-22 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Bulk homogeneous polymerization process for ethylene propylene copolymers |
| JP5557835B2 (ja) | 2009-03-30 | 2014-07-23 | 三井化学株式会社 | オレフィンと共役ジエンとの共重合体、およびその製造方法 |
| CN103140521B (zh) * | 2010-07-30 | 2015-07-01 | 株式会社普利司通 | 共聚物中链结构的控制方法 |
| RU2528410C1 (ru) | 2010-07-30 | 2014-09-20 | Бриджстоун Корпорейшн | Сополимер, каучуковая композиция, сшитая каучуковая композиция и покрышка |
| EP2810984B1 (en) | 2012-01-30 | 2016-09-14 | Bridgestone Corporation | Anti-vibration rubber composition, crosslinked anti-vibration rubber composition, and anti-vibration rubber |
| JP5893938B2 (ja) * | 2012-01-30 | 2016-03-23 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | 防振ゴム組成物及び防振ゴム |
| JP5893937B2 (ja) * | 2012-01-30 | 2016-03-23 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | 防振ゴム組成物、架橋防振ゴム組成物及び防振ゴム |
| JP5965414B2 (ja) | 2012-01-30 | 2016-08-03 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | 防振ゴム組成物、架橋防振ゴム組成物及び防振ゴム |
| FR3045613B1 (fr) | 2015-12-17 | 2017-12-15 | Michelin & Cie | Copolymere d'ethylene et de butadiene de microstructure homogene |
| FR3045612B1 (fr) | 2015-12-17 | 2017-12-15 | Michelin & Cie | Copolymere d'ethylene et de butadiene de microstructure homogene |
| FR3045633B1 (fr) | 2015-12-22 | 2017-12-15 | Michelin & Cie | Pneumatique comprenant une composition de caoutchouc comprenant un elastomere dienique substitue |
| FR3065215A1 (fr) | 2017-04-18 | 2018-10-19 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Synthese en continu de copolymere d'ethylene et de butadiene |
| FR3065216A1 (fr) | 2017-04-18 | 2018-10-19 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Synthese en continu de copolymere d'ethylene et de butadiene |
| JP6983048B2 (ja) * | 2017-12-05 | 2021-12-17 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | 共重合体、ゴム組成物、樹脂組成物、タイヤ及び樹脂製品 |
| JP2019099719A (ja) | 2017-12-05 | 2019-06-24 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | 共重合体、ゴム組成物、樹脂組成物、タイヤ及び樹脂製品 |
| WO2022104877A1 (zh) * | 2020-11-20 | 2022-05-27 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 乙烯共聚物及其制备方法以及组合物和交联聚合物以及轮胎 |
| JP7575928B2 (ja) * | 2020-12-07 | 2024-10-30 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | 共重合体、ゴム組成物及び樹脂組成物 |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IT1115152B (it) * | 1979-03-07 | 1986-02-03 | Anic Spa | Processo per la copolimerizzazione dell'etilene con idrocarburi pluriinsaturi |
| DE3007725A1 (de) * | 1980-02-29 | 1981-09-17 | Hansjörg Prof. Dr. 2000 Hamburg Sinn | Verfahren zur herstellung von polyethylen, polypropylen und copolymeren |
| DE3035358A1 (de) * | 1980-09-19 | 1982-05-06 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Terpolymere aus ethylen, butadien und isopren und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung |
| DE3127133A1 (de) * | 1981-07-09 | 1983-01-27 | Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Verfahren zur herstellung von polyolefinen und deren copolymerisaten |
| ZA844157B (en) * | 1983-06-06 | 1986-01-29 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Process and catalyst for polyolefin density and molecular weight control |
| CA1268754A (en) * | 1985-06-21 | 1990-05-08 | Howard Curtis Welborn, Jr. | Supported polymerization catalyst |
| GB2184368A (en) * | 1985-11-27 | 1987-06-24 | Dow Chemical Co | High temperature continuous viscometry coupled with analytic temperature rising elution fractionation for evaluating crystalline and semi-crystalline polymers |
| IN172282B (enExample) * | 1986-12-19 | 1993-05-29 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc |
-
1987
- 1987-11-27 IN IN1012DE1987 patent/IN172494B/en unknown
- 1987-12-16 JP JP62506320A patent/JP2764163B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-12-16 WO PCT/US1987/003297 patent/WO1988004672A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1987-12-16 AU AU12234/88A patent/AU616396B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1987-12-18 AT AT87311163T patent/ATE111114T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-12-18 ES ES87311163T patent/ES2058131T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-12-18 EP EP92203227A patent/EP0526955A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1987-12-18 EP EP87311163A patent/EP0275676B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-12-18 DE DE3750506T patent/DE3750506T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2764163B2 (ja) | 1998-06-11 |
| EP0275676B1 (en) | 1994-09-07 |
| DE3750506D1 (de) | 1994-10-13 |
| EP0526955A1 (en) | 1993-02-10 |
| EP0275676A1 (en) | 1988-07-27 |
| JPH01501633A (ja) | 1989-06-08 |
| ES2058131T3 (es) | 1994-11-01 |
| WO1988004672A1 (en) | 1988-06-30 |
| IN172494B (enExample) | 1993-09-04 |
| AU1223488A (en) | 1988-07-15 |
| ATE111114T1 (de) | 1994-09-15 |
| DE3750506T2 (de) | 1995-01-12 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP0275676B1 (en) | Copolymers of ethylene and 1,3-butadiene | |
| US5191052A (en) | Copolymers of ethylene and 1,3-butadiene | |
| EP0273654B1 (en) | Unsaturated ethylene polymers | |
| US4808561A (en) | Supported polymerization catalyst | |
| US4897455A (en) | Polymerization process | |
| US5382630A (en) | Linear ethylene interpolymer blends of interpolymers having narrow molecular weight and composition distribution | |
| CA1268754A (en) | Supported polymerization catalyst | |
| KR0122879B1 (ko) | 좁은 분자량 및 조성 분포를 갖는 인터폴리머의 선형 에틸렌 인터폴리머 블렌드 | |
| KR940005545B1 (ko) | 신규의 중합 촉매 | |
| EP0946610B1 (en) | High activity metallocene polymerization process | |
| EP0273655B1 (en) | Ethylene copolymers | |
| CA1268753A (en) | Supported polymerization catalyst | |
| HU206130B (en) | Process for polymerization of ethylene at high pressure and high temperature | |
| EP0611377B1 (en) | Process for producing polyolefin | |
| CN102464751A (zh) | 一种烯烃共聚物及其制备方法 | |
| WO2025171254A1 (en) | Catalysts for gas phase polymerization and process | |
| CA2171019C (en) | Improved in situ blends of bimodal molecular weight distribution |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MK14 | Patent ceased section 143(a) (annual fees not paid) or expired |