AU2021232709B2 - Stub tube and boiler - Google Patents

Stub tube and boiler Download PDF

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Publication number
AU2021232709B2
AU2021232709B2 AU2021232709A AU2021232709A AU2021232709B2 AU 2021232709 B2 AU2021232709 B2 AU 2021232709B2 AU 2021232709 A AU2021232709 A AU 2021232709A AU 2021232709 A AU2021232709 A AU 2021232709A AU 2021232709 B2 AU2021232709 B2 AU 2021232709B2
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AU
Australia
Prior art keywords
tube
heat transfer
stub
header
inner diameter
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AU2021232709A
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AU2021232709A1 (en
Inventor
Ryosuke Nakagawa
Yuki NIINO
Hisanori Shigemori
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Mitsubishi Power Ltd
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Mitsubishi Power Ltd
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Abstract

A boiler comprising (1) : a header (7) through which a heat medium flows; a stub tube (8) branched from the header and having a base end part (8a) connected to the header (7) ; and a heat transfer tube (9) connected to a tip part (8b) of the stub tube (8), through which the heat medium from the header flows, wherein the stub tube (8) has a thickness thicker than that of the heat transfer tube (9), and wherein an outer diameter of the stub tube (8) is larger than that of the heat transfer tube (9), and an inner diameter of the stub tube (8) is smaller than that of the heat transfer tube (9); to provide a stub tube having extended lifespan while suppressing an increase in a diameter of the stub tube as compared to the case in which the stub tube has the same inner diameter as a heat transfer tube. 3/3 9 13a 13 8b 11 8 x8a 1F2 FIG. 3

Description

3/3
9
13a
13 8b
11
8 x8a
1F2
FIG. 3
STUB TUBE AND BOILER
[Technical Field]
[0001]
The present disclosure relates to a stub tube which connects a
header and a heat transfer tube, and a boiler provided with the stub tube.
[Background Art]
[0002]
In a thermal power generation boiler, an industrial boiler, or a reuse
incineration power generation boiler, etc., as a technique for overheating an
exhaust gas or recovering heat from the exhaust gas by disposing a heat
transfer tube in the boiler, a technique described in Document 1 is known in
the art.
[0003]
Document 1 (JP 4792355 B2) discloses a configuration in which a
plurality of headers (2) are welded between a superheater inlet header
manifold (la) and a superheater outlet header manifold (1b), and the header
(2) is connected with a leg tube (5), which is a main body of a heat transfer
tube, through a stub tube (3) and a transition piece (4). Each member has
an outer diameter in the order that the manifolds (la and 1b) are the
largest, the header (2) is the second largest, the stub tube (3) and the
transition piece (4) are the third largest, and the leg tube (5) is the smallest.
Further, the stub tube (3) and the transition piece (4), and the leg tube (5)
have the same inner diameter as each other. As a result, the stub tube (3) and the transition piece (4) have a thickness thicker than that of the leg tube (5).
[Citation List]
[Patent Document]
[0004]
Document 1: JP 4792355 B2 ([0041]-[0043], FIGS. 1 to 4)
[Summary of the Disclosure]
[0005]
In a heat exchanger as described in Document 1, steam as a heat
medium passes through the manifolds (la and 1b), the header (2), the stub
tube (3), the transition piece (4), and the leg tube (5). In recent years, the
boiler is heated to a high temperature (600°C or higher) for the purpose of
increasing efficiency thereof, and materials having high durability have
been used for the header and stub tube. As the material having high
durability, for example, a steel material containing W, Mo, Nb and V, and
further containing about 9 to 12% of Cr, a so-called 9Cr to 12Cr steel, is
used.
[0006]
However, in reality, it has been found that the stub tube, and the
like using the 9Cr steel, etc. are damaged in a shorter time than the
assumed lifespan. In order to improve the durability of the stub tube, and
the like, the thickness of the stub tube, and the like is generally increased.
However, if the thickness of the stub tube is increased, the tube diameter is
increased and an interval between the stub tubes is narrowed. When the
interval between the stub tubes is narrowed, a space for performing welding at the time of installing or replacing the stub tubes is narrowed. Therefore, it is difficult to perform the welding work and it is not possible to use a welding robot.
[0007]
Any discussion of documents, acts, materials, devices, articles or the
like which has been included in the present specification is not to be taken
as an admission that any or all of these matters form part of the prior art
base or were common general knowledge in the field relevant to the present
disclosure as it existed before the priority date of each of the appended
claims.
[0008]
Throughout this specification the word "comprise", or variations
such as "comprises" or "comprising", will be understood to imply the
inclusion of a stated element, integer or step, or group of elements, integers
or steps, but not the exclusion of any other element, integer or step, or group
of elements, integers or steps.
[Summary]
[0009]
According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, there is
provided a boiler including: a header through which a heat medium flows; a
stub tube branched from the header and having a base end part connected
to the header; and a heat transfer tube connected to a tip part of the stub
tube, through which the heat medium from the header flows, wherein the
stub tube has a thickness thicker than that of the heat transfer tube,
wherein an outer diameter of the stub tube is larger than that of the heat transfer tube, and an inner diameter of the stub tube is smaller than that of the heat transfer tube, and wherein the stub tube comprises an inner diameter reduced part formed in the tip part, the inner diameter reduced part having a first end toward the heat transfer tube, a second end toward the header and an inclined surface extending from the first end to the second end such that the inner diameter of the stub tube decreases from the first end toward the second end.
[0010]
According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, in a boiler
according to the first aspect, the stub tube has a base end part made of the
same material as the header, and a tip part made of the same material as
the heat transfer tube.
[0011]
According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, in the boiler
according to the first or second aspect, the inner diameter of the stub tube is
set according to a flow resistance of the heat medium flowing through the
heat transfer tube.
[0012]
According to a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, there is
provided a stub tube configured to connect a header through which a heat
medium flows and a heat transfer tube, wherein the stub tube has a
thickness thicker than that of the heat transfer tube, wherein an outer
diameter thereof is larger than that of the heat transfer tube, and an inner
diameter thereof is smaller than that of the heat transfer tube, wherein the
stub tube comprises a tip part connected to the heat transfer tube, and wherein the stub tube comprises an inner diameter reduced part formed in the tip part, the inner diameter reduced part having a first end toward the heat transfer tube, a second end toward the header and an inclined surface extending from the first end to the second end such that the inner diameter of the stub tube decreases from the first end toward the second end.
[0013]
According to an embodiment of the first or fourth aspects of the
present disclosure, the lifespan of the stub tube may be extended while
suppressing an increase in the diameter of the stub tube as compared to the
case in which the stub tube has the same inner diameter as the heat
transfer tube.
According to an embodiment of the second aspect of the present
disclosure, in addition to the effect described above, a damage to connection
portions due to a difference in thermal expansion coefficients between the
base end part and the header, and between the tip part and the heat
transfer tube may be suppressed.
According to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present
disclosure, in addition to the effects of the embodiment of the first aspect
already described above, a generation of vortex and turbulence in the
flowing heat medium may be suppressed, and a reduction in heat exchange
efficiency may be suppressed, as compared to the case in which the inner
diameter of the tip part is changed stepwise.
According to an embodiment of the third aspect of the present
disclosure, in addition to the effects of the embodiments invention of the
first or second aspect of the present disclosure, non-uniformity of a flow rate in a plurality of heat transfer tubes may be suppressed as a whole, as compared to the case in which the inner diameter of the stub tube is not set according to the flow resistance.
[Brief Description of Drawings]
[0014]
FIG. 1 is a schematic view describing a boiler according to an
embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a major part of a header portion in a
heat exchanger of Embodiment 1; and
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view describing a portion of a stub tube.
[Description of Embodiments]
[0015]
Next, examples as specific examples of an embodiment of the
present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings, but the
present disclosure is not limited to the following examples.
Further, in the following description using the drawings, members
other than members necessary for the description to facilitate the
understanding will not be appropriately illustrated and described.
[Embodiment 1]
[0016]
FIG. 1 is a schematic view describing a boiler according to an
embodiment of the present disclosure.
In FIG. 1, a boiler 1 of Embodiment 1 of the present disclosure has a
furnace 3 in which a plurality of burners 2 are installed. Superheaters 4
(4a to 4c) as an example of a heat exchanger are disposed in a can front part
3a above the furnace 3 and a can rear part 3b behind a can front part 3a.
[0017]
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a major part of a header portion in a
heat exchanger of Embodiment 1.
In FIG. 1, similar to Document 1, the superheaters 4 are connected
by a manifold 6 formed of a pipe having a large diameter, and a plurality of
headers 7 having a medium diameter are branched from the manifold 6. In
FIG. 2, the header 7 is connected with a base end of a stub tube 8, and a tip
of the stub tube 8 is connected with a heat transfer tube 9. Therefore, in
the superheater 4, steam as an example of a heat medium flows inside the
manifold 6, the header 7, the stub tube 8, and the heat transfer tube 9, such
that heat exchange is performed at a portion of the heat transfer tube 9.
[0018]
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view describing a portion of a stub tube.
In FIG. 3, the stub tube 8 of Embodiment 1 has a base end part 8a
on the header 7 side and a tip part 8b on the heat transfer tube 9 side. The
base end part 8a and the tip part 8b are connected by a welded part 11.
In Embodiment 1, the base end part 8a is made of the same material
as the header 7, and is made of 9Cr steel as an example. In addition, in
Embodiment 1, the tip part 8b is made of the same material as the heat
transfer tube 9, and is made of stainless steel (SUS304) as an example.
[0019]
The base end part 8a is provided with an outer diameter reduced
part 12 on a base end side (header 7 side) thereof, and the outer diameter reduced part 12 is formed so that the outer diameter is decreased toward the base end side. That is, the outer diameter of the outer diameter reduced part 12 is narrowed. Further, the inner diameter of the base end part 8a is formed to be the same from the tip part 8b side to the header 7 side, and is not narrowed. As a result, in the portion of the outer diameter reduced part 12, the thickness is reduced toward the header 7 side. The stub tube 8 is welded to the header 7 at the portion of the outer diameter reduced part 12.
Furthermore, in the specification and the claims of the present
application, the term "same" is used to include a case in which there is an
unavoidable deviation such as an allowable range in designs, for example, a
manufacturing error or tolerance, which practically occurs.
[0020]
A portion of the tip part 8b, which is connected to the base end part
8a, has an inner diameter and an outer diameter formed to be the same as
those of the base end part 8a. The tip part 8b has an inner diameter
reduced part 13 formed on the tip side (heat transfer tube side) thereof, in
which the inner diameter is decreased from an end 13a on the heat transfer
tube 9 side toward the header 7 side. In Embodiment 1, the outer diameter
of the inner diameter reduced part 13 is formed so as to be increased from
the end 13a on the heat transfer tube 9 side toward the header 7 side.
Therefore, at the end 13a of the tip part 8b on the heat transfer tube 9 side,
the inner diameter reduced part 13 is formed so that the inner diameter and
outer diameter of the stub tube 8 are the same as the inner diameter and
outer diameter of the heat transfer tube 9.
Accordingly, the stub tube 8 of Embodiment 1 is formed to have a
larger outer diameter, a thicker thickness, and a smaller inner diameter
than those of the heat transfer tube 9 as a whole, except for the portion of
the inner diameter reduced part 13 connected to the heat transfer tube 9.
[0021]
Further, in Embodiment 1, the inner diameter of the stub tube 8 is
set according to a flow resistance of the steam flowing through the heat
transfer tube 9. That is, the longer the length of the heat transfer tube 9,
the larger the flow resistance, and the larger the number of bent portions of
the heat transfer tube 9 and the larger a bending angle, the larger the flow
resistance. In addition, the flow resistance is changed depending on the
material of the heat transfer tube 9 and the presence or absence of
processing on the inner surface. Therefore, in Embodiment 1, according to
the flow resistance of each of the heat transfer tubes 9, the larger the flow
resistance, the larger the inner diameter of the stub tube 8, whereas the
smaller the flow resistance, the smaller the inner diameter of the stub tube.
[0022]
(Operation of Embodiment 1)
In the boiler 1 of Embodiment 1 having the above-described
configuration, the stub tube 8 of the superheater 4 has a larger outer
diameter but a smaller inner diameter than those of the heat transfer tube
9. Herein, when improving durability of the stub tube 8, as in Document 1,
if it is intended to increase the thickness of the stub tube in a state in which
the inner diameter of the stub tube is the same as that of the heat transfer
tube, the outer diameter of the stub tube is increased. Therefore, an interval between the stub tubes is narrowed and it is difficult to secure a space for welding.
[0023]
On the other hand, in Embodiment 1, the inner diameter of the stub
tube 8 is also decreased, such that an increase in the diameter of the stub
tube may be suppressed even when forming to have the same thickness, as
compared to the case in which the inner diameter of the stub tube is the
same as the inner diameter of the heat transfer tube. Therefore, in
Embodiment 1, the increase in the outer diameter of the stub tube 8 is
suppressed, and the space for welding is easily secured. Accordingly, it is
also easy to use a welding robot. If the welding robot can be used, it is
advantageous also in terms of manufacturing costs and maintenance costs,
and the construction period may be shortened. In addition, in the stub
tube 8 of Embodiment 1, the thickness may be increased as compared to the
case in which the inner diameter is not decreased, and the lifespan and
durability of the stub tube 8 may be improved.
[0024]
Further, by reducing the inner diameter, a flow rate of the steam
toward the heat transfer tube 9 is decreased, but an increase of insoluble
solids (a so-called scale) derived from the steam may be suppressed, and a
frequency of maintenance such as cleaning and replacement may be
suppressed.
Furthermore, in Embodiment 1, the inner diameter reduced part 13
is formed in an inclined surface shape, and the inner diameter is not
changed stepwise. If the inner diameter is changed stepwise, turbulence and vortex may be generated in the steam flowing at the stepped portion, which may cause an increase in the flow resistance or reduction in heat exchange efficiency. On the other hand, in Embodiment 1, the inner diameter reduced part 13 has an inclined surface shape, the generation of turbulence and vortex is suppressed, and the decrease in the heat exchange efficiency is suppressed.
[0025]
Further, in Embodiment 1, the base end part 8a is made of the same
material as the header 7, and the tip part 8b is made of the same material
as the heat transfer tube 9.
When the base end part 8a is made of a different material from the
header 7, thermal expansion coefficients differ between the base end part 8a
and the header 7, and an extension force due to heat acts on the welded
part, such that the welded part is easily deteriorated and damaged. On the
other hand, in Embodiment 1, the base end part 8a and the header 7 are
made of the same material, and damage at the welded portion between the
header 7 and the stub tube 8is suppressed.
When the tip part 8b and the heat transfer tube 9 are made of
different materials, the thermal expansion coefficients differ between the tip
part 8b and the heat transfer tube 9, and the welded part between the tip
part 8b and the heat transfer tube 9 is easily damaged. In particular, the
welded part between the heat transfer tube 9 and the stub tube 8 has a thin
thickness, and has a smaller amount of a welding material than the thick
portion, such that it is easily damaged. On the other hand, in Embodiment
1, the tip part 8b and the heat transfer tube 9 are made of the same
material, and damage by the extension due to heat is suppressed.
[0026]
Further, in the stub tube 8 of Embodiment 1, welding is performed
on a connection portion between the base end part 8a and the tip part 8b,
which are thicker than the heat transfer tube 9, such that it is not be easily
damaged. In addition, with respect to the positional relationship between
the stub tube 8 and the header 7 having different outer diameters and also
different pipe axial directions, the base end part 8a and the tip part 8b have
the same inner diameter and outer diameter, as well as have the same pipe
axial direction. Thereby, even if the extension force (external force) due to
heat acts thereon, it is easy to predict the direction and magnitude of the
external force, and it is easy to cope with the welding between the base end
part 8a and the tip part 8b of the stub tube 8 in this embodiment, as
compared to those between the stub tube 8 and the header 7.
[0027]
Further, in Embodiment 1, the inner diameter of the stub tube 8 is
set to an inner diameter according to the flow resistances of the respective
heat transfer tubes 9. Therefore, when the flow resistance of the heat
transfer tube 9 is large (i.e., when it is difficult for the heat medium to flow),
the inner diameter is increased to decrease the flow resistance of the stub
tube 8 as much as possible, and when the flow resistance of the heat
transfer tube 9 is small (i.e., when the heat medium easily flows), the inner
diameter is decreased to throttle the flow of the heat medium at the stub
tube 8 to some extent. In the case in which the inner diameter of the stub tube 8 is the same as that of the heat transfer tube 9 as in Patent Document
1, steam easily flows in the stub tube 8, but there is a problem that the heat
exchange efficiency in the heat transfer tube 9 becomes uniform as a whole
due to a difference in the flow resistances of the respective heat transfer
tubes 9. On the other hand, in Embodiment 1, the inner diameter of the
stub tube 8 is set according to the flow resistance of the heat transfer tube 9,
and the flow of the heat medium in the heat transfer tube 9 is balanced as a
whole, and it is easy to make the heat exchange efficiency become uniform.
Further, when the balance of the flow of the heat medium is maintained in
the respective heat transfer tubes 9, a failure that the respective heat
transfer tubes 9 are incidentally deteriorated, which may be stochastically
caused, is reduced, as compared to the case in which there is a variation,
and it is easy to manage the plurality of superheaters 4.
[0028]
Furthermore, in Embodiment 1, the outer diameter reduced part 12
of the base end part 8a on the header 7 side has a narrowed shape. Ifthe
outer diameter is kept large, the thickness at the end on the header 7 side is
increased, and a surface area of the surface 12a at the end on the header 7
side is increased. When the surface area of the surface 12a at the end on
the side of the header 7 is increased, the heat medium enters a minute gap
between the surface 12a and the header 7, and an area where the heat
medium presses the surface 12a is widened. That is, a force with which the
stub tube 8 is pressed in a direction away from the header 7 is increased,
and the welded part is easily damaged. On the other hand, when the outer
diameter reduced part 12 is narrowed as in Embodiment 1, the surface area of the surface 12a is decreased, and the surface area pressed by the heat medium is decreased. Thereby, the welded part is less likely to be damaged.
[0029]
(Other modifications)
In the above description, the examples and modifications of the
present disclosure have been described in detail, but the present disclosure
is not limited to the above-described examples and modifications, and it is
possible to perform various changes within the scope of the purport of the
present invention described in claims. Other modifications (H01) to (H05)
of the present disclosure will be illustrated below.
(H01) In the above embodiment, the superheater 4 has been
exemplified as the heat exchanger, but the present disclosure is not limited
thereto. For example, it may be applied to heat exchangers such as a
reheater and a heat recovery device.
[0030]
(H02) In the above embodiment, it is preferable that the materials of
the base end part 8a and the tip part 8b of the stub tube 8, and a
combination of the materials of the header 7 and the heat transfer tube 9
are formed as the exemplified combination, but different configurations are
also possible. That is, it is also possible for all the header 7, the base end
8a, the tip part 8b, and the heat transfer tube 9 to be made of different
materials, and it is also not impossible for all the header 7, the stub tube 8,
and the heat transfer tube 9 to be made of same material. Further, it is
possible for the header 7 and the stub tube 8 to be made of the same material, or for the stub tube 8 and the heat transfer tube 9 to be made of the same material.
[0031]
(H03) In the above embodiment, the configuration, in which the stub
tube 8, the base end part 8a and a tip part 8b are welded as separate
members, has been exemplified, but it is not limited thereto. These parts
may be formed as one member or three or more members.
(H04) In the above embodiment, it is preferable that the inner
diameter of the inner diameter reduced part 13 is changed into the inclined
surface shape, but a configuration, in which the inner diameter is formed in
a stepped shape or is changed stepwise, may also be possible.
(H05) In the above embodiment, it is preferable that the inner
diameter of the stub tube 8 is set according to the flow resistance of the heat
transfer tube 9, but it is not limited thereto. For example, the inner
diameter of the stub tube 8 may be the same for all heat transfer tubes 9, or
it is also possible to prepare the inner diameter of the stub tube 8 in several
stages, and use the stub tube 8 having an inner diameter closest to the most
appropriate according to the flow resistance of the heat transfer tube 9.
[Reference Signs List]
[0032]
1...Boiler,
7...Header,
8...Stub tube,
8a...Base end,
8b...Tip,
9...Heat transfer tube.

Claims (4)

THE CLAIMS DEFINING THE INVENTION ARE AS FOLLOWS:
1. A boiler comprising: a header through which a heat medium
flows; a stub tube branched from the header and having a base end part
connected to the header; and a heat transfer tube connected to a tip part of
the stub tube, through which the heat medium from the header flows,
wherein the stub tube has a thickness thicker than that of the heat
transfer tube,
wherein an outer diameter of the stub tube is larger than that of the
heat transfer tube, and an inner diameter of the stub tube is smaller than
that of the heat transfer tube, and
wherein the stub tube comprises an inner diameter reduced part
formed in the tip part, the inner diameter reduced part having a first end
toward the heat transfer tube, a second end toward the header and an
inclined surface extending from the first end to the second end such that the
inner diameter of the stub tube decreases from the first end toward the
second end.
2. The boiler according to claim 1, wherein the stub tube has a base
end part made of the same material as the header, and a tip part made of
the same material as the heat transfer tube.
3. The boiler according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the inner
diameter of the stub tube is set according to a flow resistance of the heat
medium flowing through the heat transfer tube.
4. A stub tube configured to connect a header through which a heat
medium flows and a heat transfer tube,
wherein the stub tube has a thickness thicker than that of the heat
transfer tube,
wherein an outer diameter thereof is larger than that of the heat
transfer tube, and an inner diameter thereof is smaller than that of the heat
transfer tube,
wherein the stub tube comprises a tip part connected to the heat
transfer tube, and
wherein the stub tube comprises an inner diameter reduced part
formed in the tip part, the inner diameter reduced part having a first end
toward the heat transfer tube, a second end toward the header and an
inclined surface extending from the first end to the second end such that the
inner diameter of the stub tube decreases from the first end toward the
second end.
AU2021232709A 2020-10-09 2021-09-15 Stub tube and boiler Active AU2021232709B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2020171363A JP2022063049A (en) 2020-10-09 2020-10-09 Stub tube and boiler
JP2020-171363 2020-10-09

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AU2021232709B2 true AU2021232709B2 (en) 2023-08-31

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB679625A (en) * 1949-06-07 1952-09-24 Babcock & Wilcox Ltd Improvements in or relating to pressure vessels
US6495268B1 (en) * 2000-09-28 2002-12-17 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Tapered corrosion protection of tubes at mud drum location
JP2008068262A (en) * 2006-09-12 2008-03-27 Babcock Hitachi Kk Header/stab tube welding structure and boiler equipment having the same
JP2010007873A (en) * 2008-06-24 2010-01-14 Babcock Hitachi Kk Welding structure of header and heat transfer tube composed of nickel base alloy

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB679625A (en) * 1949-06-07 1952-09-24 Babcock & Wilcox Ltd Improvements in or relating to pressure vessels
US6495268B1 (en) * 2000-09-28 2002-12-17 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Tapered corrosion protection of tubes at mud drum location
JP2008068262A (en) * 2006-09-12 2008-03-27 Babcock Hitachi Kk Header/stab tube welding structure and boiler equipment having the same
JP2010007873A (en) * 2008-06-24 2010-01-14 Babcock Hitachi Kk Welding structure of header and heat transfer tube composed of nickel base alloy

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AU2021232709A1 (en) 2022-04-28

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