AU2020201084A1 - Test device and method for flowing water erosion resistance of hydraulic structure - Google Patents

Test device and method for flowing water erosion resistance of hydraulic structure Download PDF

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AU2020201084A1
AU2020201084A1 AU2020201084A AU2020201084A AU2020201084A1 AU 2020201084 A1 AU2020201084 A1 AU 2020201084A1 AU 2020201084 A AU2020201084 A AU 2020201084A AU 2020201084 A AU2020201084 A AU 2020201084A AU 2020201084 A1 AU2020201084 A1 AU 2020201084A1
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water
inner cylinder
test piece
test
erosion
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AU2020201084A
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Lin Jiang
Chang Liu
Shuguang LIU
Xiaoxiao Wang
Changwang YAN
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Inner Mongolia University of Technology
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Inner Mongolia University of Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses a test device and method for flowing water erosion resistance of a hydraulic structure and belongs to the technical field of concrete test devices. The test device includes an outer shell, where an inner cylinder is arranged inside the outer shell, a water inlet channel communicated with an external water source is formed at the top of the inner cylinder, and a water discharging channel is formed at the bottom of the inner cylinder; valves are arranged on the water inlet channel and the water discharging channel, a disc impeller is further arranged at the bottom of the inner cylinder, a speed regulation driving mechanism for driving the disc impeller to rotate is arranged below the bottom of the inner cylinder, and the inner cylinder is internally provided with a sleeve support for bearing a test piece and a flow velocity meter for monitoring a water flow velocity; a top end of the sleeve support is detachably connected with a top of the outer shell, the flow velocity meter is arranged on an inner wall of the inner cylinder, and a control switch of the speed regulation driving mechanism is arranged on the outer shell. The test device is simple to manufacture, low in cost and convenient to maintain; a rotating velocity is stable and adjustable; a test piece can be completely immersed in liquid, an actual environment can be better simulated, and the test efficiency can be improved.

Description

TEST DEVICE AND METHOD FOR FLOWING WATER EROSION RESISTANCE OF HYDRAULIC STRUCTURE
This application claims priority from Chinese application No. 201910117959.6 filed on 15 February 2019, the contents of which are to be taken as incorporated herein by this reference.
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to the field of concrete test devices, in particular to a test device and method for flowing water erosion resistance of a hydraulic structure.
BACKGROUND
Flowing water erosion of a hydraulic structure refers to that a structure is subjected to water flow continuously, so that the surface of the structure is abraded. China has more than 98,000 reservoir dams, and is the largest in its kind. In addition, China has more than 800,000 highway bridges, most of piers of which are cast in water. Furthermore, China has more than 20 cross-sea bridges, the piers of which are in a seawater erosion environment for a long time. The hydraulic structures are eroded by flowing water for a long time; as a result, surfaces of the structures are rough or pitted, or even a large-area wall spalling phenomenon occurs on serious parts, which will shorten the service life of the structures and affect the engineering safety. With the continuous development of China's economy, more and more hydraulic structures are being built with increasing, flowing water erosion damage, and engineers should pay attention to it. Therefore, in consideration of the stability, safety and engineering life of the structure, it is necessary to carry out experimental simulation on the corrosion and deterioration of a structural material in the use process of the hydraulic structure subjected to flowing water erosion for a long time and due to the effect of the environment on the hydraulic structure.
At present, a circular ring method or an underwater steel ball method is generally used to test flowing water erosion, and the method has the defects that it is not sensitive to an erosion test of concrete with the strength grade of C40 or above. Therefore, the method cannot meet the qualitative or quantitative comparison test requirements of high-performance and high-abrasion-resistant materials for high-velocity water flow hydropower projects, and the equipment damage is obvious after each time of test is completed.
SUMMARY
To overcome the defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a test device and method for flowing water erosion resistance of a hydraulic structure.
The present invention provides a test device for flowing water erosion resistance of a hydraulic structure, including an outer shell, where an inner cylinder is arranged inside the outer shell, a water inlet channel communicated with an external water source is formed at the top of the inner cylinder, and a water discharging channel is formed at the bottom of the inner cylinder; valves are arranged on the water inlet channel and the water discharging channel, a disc impeller is further arranged at the bottom of the inner cylinder, a speed regulation driving mechanism for driving the disc impeller to rotate is arranged below the bottom of the inner cylinder, and the inner cylinder is internally provided with a sleeve support for bearing a test piece and a flow velocity meter for monitoring a water flow velocity; a top end of the sleeve support is detachably connected with a top of the outer shell, the flow velocity meter is arranged on an inner wall of the inner cylinder, the speed regulation driving mechanism and the flow velocity meter are both electrically connected with a power supply, a control switch of the speed regulation driving mechanism is arranged on the outer shell.
Preferably, the speed regulation driving mechanism includes a motor fixed to the bottom of the inner cylinder, the motor is connected with a motor speed regulator, and an output shaft of the motor is connected with a driving shaft; a via hole for the driving shaft to pass through is formed at the bottom of the inner cylinder, the driving shaft passes through the via hole and is fixedly connected with the center of the disc impeller, the driving shaft is connected with the bottom of the inner cylinder through a bearing.
Preferably, the sleeve support includes a vertical frame body formed by welding a plurality of steel bars, the vertical frame body is provided with a clamping piece for clamping connection with the outer shell, the outer shell is provided with a clamping groove matched with the clamping piece, and the clamping piece is clamped in the clamping groove.
Preferably, the vertical frame body is provided with scale marks.
Preferably, the vertical frame body includes a bottom frame, vertical supporting rods fixed to the bottom frame, and transverse blocking rods fixed to two adjacent vertical supporting rods, a horizontal cross threaded rod is welded on the bottom frame, nut seats are arranged in four directions of the cross threaded rod, and a fixing block used for fixing a test piece is movably connected to the nut seat.
Preferably, the outer shell is hinged to the cover body.
Preferably, the cover body is made of a transparent material or the cover body is provided with a visual window made of a transparent material.
The present invention further provides a method for testing flowing water erosion resistance of a hydraulic structure by using the above test device, including the following steps:
Si: making a test piece, stirring, molding and curing a concrete mixture, and putting the test piece with a curing period of 26 days into water or a salt solution for adsorption to reach a saturated state;
S2: taking out the test piece from the water or salt solution during testing, and wiping off the water or salt solution on a surface by using a wet towel to enable the test piece to be in a saturated dry-surface state; weighing a mass of the test piece, where an accurate value is 0.1 g and is recorded as a weight before erosion;
S3: opening the valve on the water inlet channel, enabling water to flow into the inner cylinder along the water inlet channel, observing scale marks on a vertical frame body, and closing the valve on the water inlet channel when a water level reaches a required height;
S4: placing the concrete test piece in the sleeve support, placing the sleeve support in the inner cylinder to enable the test piece to be completely immersed in water, and finally connecting the sleeve support with the outer shell;
S5: installing and debugging the flow velocity meter;
S6: turning on the control switch, starting the motor, and driving the disc impeller to rotate by the motor;
S7: adjusting a motor speed regulator, observing numerical change on the flow velocity meter, and adjusting a water flow velocity to the velocity required by a test;
S8: putting on a cover body, and observing experimental progress through the cover body;
S9: after every 60 minutes of erosion, closing the control switch, opening the cover body, taking out the concrete test piece, washing the concrete test piece with water, wiping off moisture or salt solution on the surface, and weighing the mass of the test piece, where the accurate value is 0.1 g and is recorded as the mass after erosion; measuring and recording a width and a depth of an eroded part of the test piece;
S10: repeating above-mentioned steps for 10 times, namely accumulating erosion for 10 hours, and finishing the test; if the erosion depth of the test piece is greater than or equal to 5 mm, the test can be finished;
S11: after the test is finished, opening a valve on a water discharging channel to discharge the water in the inner cylinder; and
S12: processing data, where water erosion resistance abrasion rates of concrete are as follows:
N= ° ; where: S-T
N-abrasion rate, the mass abraded per unit area per unit time, kg/(h-m 2);
Mo-the mass of the test piece before erosion, kg;
MT -the mass of the test piece after T hours of erosion, kg;
T-accumulative erosion duration of the test piece, h;
S-a surface area of the test piece, m2;
the flowing water erosion resistance strength of the concrete R (h-m 2/kg), namely the hours required by per 1 kg of abrasion per unit area are R=1/N;
besides, the surface three-dimensional appearance, pore damage microscopic display and pore size distribution change of the concrete before and after erosion can also be observed and compared by using a super-field-depth instrument, and the erosion effect can be detected more visually and deeply through a rendered super-field-depth picture.
Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the advantages that according to the concrete flowing water erosion resistance test device provided by the present invention, a flowing water environment where a hydraulic structure is located for a long time is simulated, a high velocity flowing water erosion test is carried out on concrete, the flowing water erosion of a test piece is quantitatively tested under the conditions of a rotating velocity of 0-1,600 r/min, clear water or various salt solutions, the parameter controllability of the test device is strong, the precision is high, the test efficiency is high, labor force is saved, the labor intensity of test personnel is reduced, the limitations of a test site are also decreased, and an indoor test is convenient to carry out; the test device is simple to manufacture, low in cost and convenient to maintain; a rotating velocity is stable and adjustable; the testing demands of different sizes of test pieces can be met; a test piece can be completely immersed in liquid, an actual environment can be better simulated, a plurality of test pieces can be tested simultaneously, and the test efficiency can be improved.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional side view of a flowing water erosion resistance test machine for a hydraulic structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the flowing water erosion resistance test machine for the hydraulic structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the sleeve support according to the present invention; and
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a connecting structure of a cross screw rod and a fixing frame according to the present invention.
Description of Reference Numerals:
1. outer shell, 2. inner cylinder, 21. water inlet channel, 22. valve, 23. water discharging channel, 3. disc impeller, 4. speed regulation driving mechanism, 41. motor, 42. motor speed regulator, 43. driving shaft, 5. sleeve support, 51. vertical frame, 511. bottom frame, 512. vertical support rod, 513. cross threaded rod, 514. nut seat; 515. fixing block, 6. flow velocity meter, 7. control switch, 8. cover body.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Hereinafter, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3, but it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The present invention provides a test device for flowing water erosion resistance of a hydraulic building. the test device includes an outer shell 1, where an inner cylinder 2 is arranged inside the outer shell 1, a water inlet channel 21 communicated with an external water source is arranged at a top of the inner cylinder 2, a water discharging channel 23 is arranged at a bottom of the inner cylinder 2, the water discharging channel 23 extends to the outside of the outer shell 1, valves 22 are arranged on the water inlet channel 21 and the water discharging channel 23, a disc impeller 3 is further arranged at a bottom of the inner cylinder 2, a speed regulation driving mechanism 4 for driving the disc impeller 3 to rotate is arranged below the bottom of the inner cylinder 2, and the inner cylinder 2 is internally provided with a sleeve support 5 for bearing a test piece and a flow velocity meter 6 for monitoring a water flow velocity; a top end of the sleeve support 5 is detachably connected with the top of the outer shell 1, the flow velocity meter 6 is arranged on an inner wall of the inner cylinder 2, the speed regulation driving mechanism 4 and the flow velocity meter 6 are both electrically connected with a power supply, and a control switch 7 of the speed regulation driving mechanism 4 is arranged on the outer shell 1.
Further, the speed regulation driving mechanism 4 includes a motor 41 fixed to the bottom of the inner cylinder 2, where the motor 41 is connected with a motor speed regulator 42, an output shaft of the motor 41 is connected with a driving shaft 43, the bottom of the inner cylinder 2 is provided with a via hole for the driving shaft 43 to pass through, the driving shaft 43 passes through the via hole and is fixedly connected with the center of the disc impeller 3, and the driving shaft 43 is connected with the bottom of the inner cylinder 2 through a bearing. The aim is to adjust the output speed of the motor 41 through the motor speed regulator 42 so as to adjust a rotating speed of the disc impeller 3 and finally realize the adjustment of the water flow velocity in the test device.
Further, the sleeve support 5 includes a vertical frame body 51 formed by welding a plurality of steel bars, where the vertical frame body 51 is provided with a clamping piece for clamping connection with the outer shell 1, the outer shell 1 is provided with a clamping groove matched with the clamping piece, and the clamping piece is clamped in the clamping groove.
Further, the vertical frame body 51 is provided with scale marks.
Further, the vertical frame body 51 includes a bottom frame 511, vertical supporting rods 512 and transverse blocking rods, where the vertical supporting rods 512 are fixed to the bottom frame 511, the transverse blocking rods are fixed to two adjacent vertical supporting rods 512, horizontal cross threaded rods 513 are welded on the bottom frame 511, and nut seats 514 are arranged in four directions of the cross threaded rods 513. The nut seat 514 is movably connected with a fixing block 515 for fixing a test piece, the nut seat 514 is movably connected with the fixing block 515, a bearing can be arranged on the fixing block 515, and the nut seat 514 is connected with the bearing through a connecting pipe. Because the nut seat 524 of the cross threaded rod 513 can drive the fixing block 515 to be close to or away from the test piece along the threaded rod 513, fastening of different sizes of test pieces can be realized, and the sleeve support 5 matched with the fixing block 515 does not need to be made according to the size of an experiment.
Further, a cover body 8 is hinged to the outer shell 1.
Further, the cover body 8 is made of a transparent material or is provided with a visual window made of a transparent material.
The test method for carrying out a flowing water erosion resistance test on the hydraulic structure by using the test device includes the following steps:
SI: make a test piece, stir, mold and cure a concrete mixture, and put the test piece with a curing period of 26 days into water or a salt solution for adsorption to reach a saturated state.
S2: take out the test piece from the water or salt solution during testing, and wipe off the water or salt solution on a surface by using a wet towel to enable the test piece to be in a saturated dry surface state; weigh a mass of the test piece, where an accurate value is 0.1 g and is recorded as a weight before erosion.
S3: open the valve 22 on the water inlet channel 21, enable water to flow into the inner cylinder 2 along the water inlet channel 21, observe scale marks on a vertical frame body 51, and close the valve 22 on the water inlet channel 21 when a water level reaches a required height.
S4: place the concrete test piece in the sleeve support, then place the sleeve support in the inner cylinder to enable the test piece to be completely immersed in water, and finally connect the sleeve support with the outer shell.
S5: install and debug the flow velocity meter 6.
S6: turn on the control switch 7, start the motor 41, and drive the disc impeller 3 to rotate by the motor 41.
S7: adjust a motor speed regulator 42, observe numerical change on the flow velocity meter 6, and adjust a water flow velocity to the velocity required by a test.
S8: put on a cover body 8, and observe experimental progress through the cover body 8.
S9: after every 60 minutes of erosion, close the control switch 7, open the cover body (8), take out the concrete test piece, wash the concrete test piece with water, wipe off the water or salt solution on the surface, and weigh the mass of the test piece, where the accurate value is 0.1 g and is recorded as the mass after erosion; measure and record a width and a depth of an eroded part of the test piece.
S10: repeat above-mentioned steps for 10 times, namely accumulating erosion for 10 hours, and finish the test, where if the erosion depth of the test piece is greater than or equal to 5 mm, the test can be finished.
S11: after the test is finished, open a valve 22 on a water discharging channel 23 to discharge the water in the inner cylinder 2.
S12: process data, where water erosion resistance abrasion rates of concrete are as follows:
N= ; where: S-T
N-an abrasion rate, the mass abraded per unit area per unit time, kg/(h-m 2);
Mo -the mass of the test piece before erosion, kg;
MT -the mass of the test piece after T hours of erosion, kg;
T-accumulative erosion duration of the test piece, h;
S-a surface area of the test piece, in 2;
the flowing water erosion resistance strength of the concrete R (h-m 2/kg), namely the hours required by per 1 kg of abrasion per unit area are R=1/N;
Besides, the surface three-dimensional appearance, pore damage microscopic display and pore size distribution change of the concrete before and after erosion can also be observed and compared by using a super-field-depth instrument, and the erosion effect can be detected more visually and deeply through a rendered super-field-depth picture.
In summary, the concrete flowing water erosion resistance test device provided by the present invention simulates a flowing water environment where the hydraulic structure is located for a long time, carries out the high-velocity flowing water erosion test on the concrete, quantitatively tests the flowing water erosion of the test piece under the conditions of the rotating velocity of 0 1,600r/min, clear water or various salt solutions, has strong parameter controllability, high precision and high test efficiency, saves labor force, reduces the labor intensity of test personnel, also decreases the limitations of the test site and facilitates indoor test; the test device is simple to manufacture, low in cost and convenient to maintain; the rotating velocity is stable and adjustable; the testing demands of different sizes of test pieces can be met; the test piece can be completely immersed in liquid, the actual environment can be better simulated, a plurality of test pieces can be tested simultaneously, and the test efficiency can be improved.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it should be understood that those of ordinary skill in the art may make various changes, modifications, replacements and variations to the above embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is limited by the appended claims and their legal equivalents.

Claims (7)

What is claimed is:
1. A test device for flowing water erosion resistance of a hydraulic structure, comprising an outer shell (1), wherein an inner cylinder (2) is arranged inside the outer shell (1), a water inlet channel (21) communicated with an external water source is formed at the top of the inner cylinder (2), and a water discharging channel (23) is formed at the bottom of the inner cylinder (2); valves (22) are arranged on the water inlet channel (21) and the water discharging channel (23), a disc impeller (3) is further arranged at the bottom of the inner cylinder (2), a speed regulation driving mechanism (4) for driving the disc impeller (3) to rotate is arranged below the bottom of the inner cylinder (2), and the inner cylinder (2) is internally provided with a sleeve support (5) for bearing a test piece and a flow velocity meter (6) for monitoring a water flow velocity; a top end of the sleeve support (5) is detachably connected with a top of the outer shell (1), the flow velocity meter (6) is arranged on an inner wall of the inner cylinder (2), the speed regulation driving mechanism (4) and the flow velocity meter (6) are both electrically connected with a power supply, a control switch of the speed regulation driving mechanism (4) is arranged on the outer shell (1), and a cover body (8) is hinged to the outer shell (1).
2. The test device for flowing water erosion resistance of the hydraulic structure according to claim 1, wherein the speed regulation driving mechanism (4) comprises a motor (41) fixed to the bottom of the inner cylinder (2), the motor (41) is connected with a motor speed regulator (42), and an output shaft of the motor (41) is connected with a driving shaft (43); a via hole for the driving shaft (43) to pass through is formed at the bottom of the inner cylinder (2), the driving shaft (43) passes through the via hole and is fixedly connected with the center of the disc impeller (3), the driving shaft (43) is connected with the bottom of the inner cylinder (2) through a bearing, and a motor (41) and the motor speed regulator (42) are electrically connected with a power supply.
3. The test device for flowing water erosion resistance of the hydraulic structure according to claim 1, wherein the sleeve support (5) comprises a vertical frame body (51) formed by welding a plurality of steel bars, the vertical frame body (51) is provided with a clamping piece for clamping connection with the outer shell (1), the outer shell (1) is provided with a clamping groove matched with the clamping piece, and the clamping piece is clamped in the clamping groove.
4. The test device for flowing water erosion resistance of the hydraulic structure according to claim 3, wherein the vertical frame body (51) is provided with scale marks.
5. The test device for flowing water erosion resistance of the hydraulic structure according to claim 3, wherein the vertical frame body (51) comprises a bottom frame (511), vertical supporting rods (512) fixed to the bottom frame (511), and transverse blocking rods fixed to two adjacent vertical supporting rods (512), a horizontal cross threaded rod (513) is welded on the bottom frame (511), nut seats (514) are arranged in four directions of the cross threaded rod (513), and a fixing block (515)used for fixing a test piece is movably connected to the nut seat (514).
6. The test device for flowing water erosion resistance of the hydraulic structure according to claim 5, wherein the cover body (8) is made of a transparent material or the cover body (8) is provided with a visual window made of a transparent material.
7. A method for testing flowing water erosion resistance of a hydraulic structure by using the test device according to any one of claims 2 to 6, comprising the following steps:
Si: making a test piece, stirring, molding and curing a concrete mixture, and putting the test piece with a curing period of 26 days into water or a salt solution for adsorption to reach a saturated state;
S2: taking out the test piece from the water or salt solution during testing, and wiping off the water or salt solution on a surface by using a wet towel to enable the test piece to be in a saturated dry-surface state; weighing a mass of the test piece, wherein an accurate value is 0.1 g and is recorded as a weight before erosion;
S3: opening the valve (22) on the water inlet channel (21), enabling water to flow into the inner cylinder (2) along the water inlet channel (21), and closing the valve (22) on the water inlet channel (21) when a water level reaches a required height;
S4: placing the concrete test piece in the sleeve support (5), placing the sleeve support (5) in the inner cylinder (2) to enable the test piece to be completely immersed in water, and finally connecting the sleeve support (5) with the outer shell (1);
S5: installing and debugging the flow velocity meter (6);
S6: turning on the control switch, starting the motor (41), and driving the disc impeller (3) to rotate by the motor (41);
S7: adjusting a motor speed regulator (42), observing numerical change on the flow velocity meter (6), and adjusting a water flow velocity to the velocity required by a test;
S8: putting on a cover body (8), and observing experimental progress through the cover body (8);
S9: after every 60 minutes of erosion, closing the control switch, opening the cover body (8), taking out the concrete test piece, washing the concrete test piece with water, wiping off moisture or salt solution on the surface, and weighing the mass of the test piece, wherein the accurate value is 0.1 g and is recorded as the mass after erosion; measuring and recording a width and a depth of an eroded part of the test piece;
S10: repeating above-mentioned steps for 10 times, namely accumulating erosion for 10 hours, and finishing the test; if the erosion depth of the test piece is greater than or equal to 5 mm, the test can be finished;
S11: after the test isfinished, opening a valve (22) on a water discharging channel (23) to discharge the water in the inner cylinder (2); and
S12: processing data, wherein water erosion resistance abrasion rates of concrete are as follows:
N= M-MT ; wherein: S-T
N-an abrasion rate, the mass abraded per unit area per unit time, kg/(h-m 2);
Mo -the mass of the test piece before erosion, kg;
MT -the mass of the test piece after T hours of erosion, kg;
T-accumulative erosion duration of the test piece, h;
S-a surface area of the test piece, m2;
the flowing water erosion resistance strength of the concrete R (h-m 2/kg), namely the hours required by per 1 kg of abrasion per unit area are R=1/N;
besides, the surface three-dimensional appearance, pore damage microscopic display and pore size distribution change of the concrete before and after erosion can also be observed and compared by using a super-field-depth instrument, and the erosion effect can be detected more visually and deeply through a rendered super-field-depth picture.
AU2020201084A 2019-02-15 2020-02-14 Test device and method for flowing water erosion resistance of hydraulic structure Abandoned AU2020201084A1 (en)

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CN201910117959.6 2019-02-15
CN201910117959.6A CN109738318A (en) 2019-02-15 2019-02-15 A kind of hydraulic structure anti-current water erosion test device and its test method

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CN114809381A (en) * 2022-04-21 2022-07-29 陕西建工集团股份有限公司 Construction method of fair-faced concrete
CN114809381B (en) * 2022-04-21 2024-04-26 陕西建工集团股份有限公司 Construction method of facing bare concrete

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