AU2020102177A4

AU2020102177A4 - Method for Evaluating Ecological Vulnerability of Island

Info

Publication number: AU2020102177A4
Application number: AU2020102177A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Yuan CHI; Yu Du; Yuanbin FU; Degang JIANG; Jing KANG; Fang Li; Qing Li; Xiuzhen LI; Gongbo MA; Yue Qi; Honghua SHI; Weiwei Wang; Nan Wu; Liwen YAN; Ji Yu; Lei Yuan
Original assignee: National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center
Current assignee: National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center
Priority date: 2020-04-26
Filing date: 2020-09-08
Publication date: 2020-10-15
Anticipated expiration: 2028-09-08
Also published as: CN111429039A

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for evaluating ecological vulnerability of an island, which includes the following steps: Si: evaluating and calculating ecological exposure of the island, wherein the ecological exposure of the island includes natural pressure BI and human disturbance B2; S2: evaluating and calculating ecological sensitivity of the island, wherein the ecological sensitivity of the island includes ecological condition B3, environmental condition B4 and important habitat B5; S3: evaluating and calculating ecological adaptability of the island, wherein the ecological adaptability of the island includes self-regulating ability B6, social support condition B7, environmental protection B8 and overall management level B9; S4: evaluating and calculating the ecological vulnerability of the island from the evaluation result of the ecological exposure of the island obtained in the step S1, the evaluation result of the ecological sensitivity of the island obtained in the step S2 and the evaluation result of the ecological adaptability of the island obtained in the step S3, to obtain an evaluation result of the ecological vulnerability of the island.

Description

Method for Evaluating Ecological Vulnerability of Island

I. Technical Field

The present invention relates to the field of environmental monitoring, in particular to a method for evaluating ecological vulnerability of an island.

II. Background

In the field of environmental monitoring, it is necessary to evaluate islands in the sea from time to time. A useful item in the evaluation is island vulnerability, which has direct influence on the survival life of an island. The protection for an island should be enhanced if it during environmental monitoring it is found that the vulnerability of the island is high.

However, typically in the prior art, only the impacts of natural disasters and sea water erosion on an island are considered when the vulnerability of an island is evaluated. Research has identified that island vulnerability is inseparable from cultural construction, tourism development and other factors. Therefore, known methods for evaluating vulnerability of island are and inaccurate.

III. Contents of the Invention

To substantially ameliorate one or more of the abovementioned issues, the present invention broadly provides a method for evaluating the ecological vulnerability of an island, which has improved accuracy.

In accordance with one aspect of the present technology there is provided a computer-implemented method for evaluating ecological vulnerability of an island, the method including the following steps:

Si: evaluating and calculating ecological exposure of the island, wherein the ecological exposure of the island includes natural pressure B1 and human disturbance B2;

S11: evaluating and calculating the natural pressure B1;

S12: evaluating and calculating the human disturbance B2;

S13: calculating the ecological exposure of the island from the natural pressure BI and the human disturbance B2;

S2: evaluating and calculating ecological sensitivity of the island, wherein the ecological sensitivity of the island includes ecological condition B3, environmental condition B4 and important habitat

*.

B5;

S21: evaluating and calculating the ecological condition B3;

S22: evaluating and calculating the environmental condition B4;

S23: evaluating and calculating the important habitat B5;

S24: calculating the ecological sensitivity of the island from the ecological condition B3, the environmental condition B4 and the important habitat B5;

S3: evaluating and calculating ecological adaptability of the island, wherein the ecological adaptability of the island includes self-regulating ability B6, social support condition B7, environmental protection B8 and overall management level B9;

S31: evaluating and calculating the self-regulating ability B6;

S32: evaluating and calculating the social support condition B7;

S33: evaluating and calculating the environmental protection B8;

S34: evaluating and calculating the overall management level B9;

S35: calculating the ecological adaptability of the island from the self-regulating ability B6, the social support condition B7, the environmental protection B8 and the overall management level B9;

S4: evaluating and calculating the ecological vulnerability of the island from the evaluation result of the ecological exposure of the island obtained in the step Si, the evaluation result of the ecological sensitivity of the island obtained in the step S2 and the evaluation result of the ecological adaptability of the island obtained in the step S3, to obtain an evaluation result of the ecological vulnerability of the island.

In one embodiment the step of evaluating and calculating the natural pressure B1 in the step SI1 also includes the following steps:

Sill: evaluating impact C of typical natural disasters, with following calculation formula:

C1 RC 1 -, C1 = Q;

where, RCI is the evaluation result of the impact of typical natural disasters, Q is an annual mean frequency of typical natural disasters or a ratio of an area affected by typical natural disasters to a total area of the island in last 10 years, S1 is a standard value of the impact C of typical natural disasters, and S1=5 or 0.1;

Sii2: evaluating change rate C2 of the island area, with following calculation formula:

-2.

RC2 = , C2 = IDa -Da-s|ID S2' Da'

where, RC2 is the evaluation result of the change rate of the island area, Da is the island area in the evaluation year, Da-5 is the island area five years before the evaluation year, and S2 is a standard value of the change rate C2 of the island area, and S2=0.05;

Si13: evaluating change rate C3 of an island coastline, with following calculation formula:

RC = 3, C3 = |La - La-s|1La R3 S3 La' where, RC is the evaluation result of the change rate of the island coastline, La is the length of the island coastline in the evaluation year, La- is the length of the island coastline five years before the evaluation year, and S3 is a standard value of the change rate C3 of the island coastline, and S3=0.05;

S114: evaluating terrain factor C4, with following calculation formula:

C4D RC 4 = S4 C4 = /DIa where, RC4 is the evaluation result of the terrain factor, Di is area of steep slopes, Da is the island area, and S4 is a standard value of the terrain factor C4, and S4=0.3;

S115: calculating the natural pressure B1, with following calculation formula:

RB 1 = Z1 RCj x W ;

where, RBI is the evaluation result of the natural pressure elements, and Wi is weight value of index i.

In one embodiment the step of evaluating and calculating the human disturbance B2 in the step S12 also includes the following steps:

S121: evaluating resident population density C5, with following calculation formula:

5 =P I RCs = SS ' Da

where, RCs is the evaluation result of the resident population density, Pa is number of resident population on the island, Da is the island area, and S5 is a standard value of the resident population density C5, i.e., an average value in the region;

S122: evaluating tourist population pressure C6, with following calculation formula:

C6 p RC 6 = , C6 = D S6 -- 3 .3.

where, RC is the evaluation result of the tourist population pressure, Pt is annual person-times of the tourists, D, is area of the tourist region, and S6 is a standard value of the tourist population pressure C6, i.e., an average value in the region;

S123: evaluating impact C7 of typical human disturbance to the environment, with following calculation formula:

C7 Dd RC7 = -, C7 = D S7 Ix

where, RC7 is the evaluation result of the impact of typical human disturbance to the environment, Dd is sum of the areas affected by oil leakage and construction of wind power generation facilities, and D. is area of the evaluated region; S7 is a standard value of the impact C7 of typical human disturbance to the environment, and S7=0.1;

S124: evaluating impact C8 of land development of the island, with following calculation formula: n C8 I RC8 = -, C8 = ID' IA = DAi x IAj; S8'

where, RC 8 is the evaluation result of the impact of land development of the island, IA is scale of the impact of land development of the island, Dx is the area of the evaluation region, DAi is island area of land utilization type i, and IA; is a coefficient of impact of land utilization type i on the resources and environment in the peripheral region; S8 is a standard value of the impact C8 of land development of the island, and S8=0.3;

S125: evaluating the impact C9 of coastline development, with the following calculation formula:

C9L RC9 = C9 =I/L S9 a

where, RC 9 is the evaluation result of the impact of coastline development, Li is length of the artificial coastline of the island, La is total length of the island coastline, and S9 is a standard value of the impact C9 of coastline development, and S9=0.3;

S126: evaluating impact C10 of the development of the peripheral sea region, with following calculation formula:

n RC10 = , C10 = s/DS I IS = DS x ISi; i=1

where, R Cio is the evaluation result of the impact of the development of the peripheral sea region, Is is scale of the development and utilization of the sea region, Ds is the area of the sea region, DS; is area of sea utilization type i, and IS is a coefficient of the impact of sea utilization type i on the .4.

resources and environment; S10 is a standard value of the impact CI0 of the development of peripheral sea region, and S10=0.3;

S127: calculating the human disturbance B2, with following calculation formula:

RB 2 =5 =RCxW;

where, RB2 is the evaluation result of the human disturbance elements, and Wi is the weight value of index i;

the calculation formula for calculating the ecological exposure of the island in the step Si3 is as follows:

RE = (RB 1 + RB 2 )/2;

where, RE is the evaluation result of the ecological exposure of the island.

In one embodiment the method further includes the step of evaluating and calculating the ecological condition B3 in the step S21 includes the following steps:

S211: evaluating net primary productivity ClIof vegetation, with following calculation formula:

LNPP(x,t)=APAR(x,t)x4(x,t);

APAR(x,t)=PAR(x,t)xFPAR(x,t);

4(x,t)=ft(t)x fw(t)x 4max;

where, LNPP(x, t) is the net primary productivity in month t at point x, APAR(x, t) is absorbed photosynthetically active radiation absorbed in month t at point x, 4(x, t) is an actual utilization rate of light energy in month t at point x, PAR(x, t) is photosynthetically active radiation in month t at point x, FPAR(x, t) is an absorption ratio of the photosynthetically active radiation in month t at point x, ft(t) is an air temperature stress factor in month t in a research region, fw(t) is a water stress factor in month t in the research region, and 4max is maximum utilization rate of light energy of the vegetation;

RC11 = - , C11 = LNPP(x, t);

where, RC 1 is the evaluation result of the net primary productivity of the vegetation, S1 is the standard value of the net primary productivity Cil of the vegetation, i.e., an average value in the region;

S212: evaluating primary productivity C12 of the peripheral sea region, with following calculation formula:

Cl2=PsxFxT/2,Ps=CaQt; .5.

where, Ps is potential productivity of phytoplankton in surface water, F is depth of euphotic layer, T is length of daylight time, Ca is content of chlorophyll a in surface layer, and Q, is an assimilation coefficient;

C12 RC12 = S12'

where, RC 1 2 is the evaluation result of the primary productivity of the peripheral sea region, and S1 2 is a standard value of the primary productivity C12 of the peripheral sea region, i.e., an average value in the region;

S213: calculating the ecological condition B3, with following calculation formula:

RB 3 -= 11 RCj x W;

where, RB 3 is the evaluation result of the ecological condition elements, and Wi is the weight value of index i.

In one embodiment the step of evaluating and calculating the environmental condition B4 in the step S22 includes the following steps:

S221: evaluating environment quality C13 of ground water, with following calculation formula:

2 Pgroundwater= [( P) +Pmax2]/2 n

where, Pground-water is a omposite index of the environment quality of the ground water, n is number of the factors, Pi is a pollution index of factor i, and Pmax is maximum value of pollution index among all factors;

Pi=Gi/Ni;

where, Gi is measured value of the factor i, and Ni is a standard value of the factor i;

C13 RC1 3 = , C13 = Pgroundwater;

where, RCn is the evaluation result of the environment quality of the ground water, and S13 is a standard value of the environment quality C13 of ground water;

S222: evaluating environment quality C14 of soil, with following calculation formula:

Psoii= [( P) 2 +Pmax2]/2 n

where, Psoil is a composite index ofthe environment quality ofthe soil, n is number ofthe factors, Pi is the pollution index of the factor i, and Pmax is the maximum value of pollution index among all

-6.

factors;

Pi=Gi/Ni;

where, Gi is the measured value of the factor i, and Ni is the standard value of the factor i; RC C14C RC14 = , C14 =Poi;

where, RC 1 4 is the evaluation result of the environment quality of the soil, and S14 is the standard value of the environment quality C14 of soil;

S223: evaluating environment quality C15 of sea water, with following calculation formula:

2 Psea water= [( P) +Pmax2]/2 n

where, Pseawater is a composite index of the environment quality of the sea water, n is number of the factors, Pi is a pollution index of factor i, and Pmax is maximum value of the pollution index among all factors;

Pi=Gi/Ni;

where, Gi is a measured value of the factor i, and Ni is a standard value of the factor i; C1 RCjs = -, C15 = Pseawater;

1s where, RC 1 s is the evaluation result of the environment quality of the sea water, and S15 is a standard value of the environment quality C15 of the sea water;

S224: evaluating environment quality C16 of marine sediment, with following calculation formula:

Psediment= [ Pi + P max 2 ]/ 2 n

where, Psediment isa omposite index of the environment quality of marine sediment, n is number of factors, Pi is a pollution index of factor i, and Pmax is maximum value of pollution index among all factors;

Pi=Gi/Ni;

where, Gi is a measured value of the factor i, and Ni is a standard value of the factor i;

C16 RC 1 6= , C16 = Psediment;

where, RC 1 6 is the evaluation result of the quality environment of marine sediment, and S16 is a standard value of the environment quality C16 of the marine sediment;

.7.

S225: calculating the environmental condition B4, with following calculation formula:

RB 4 = 13 RCi x Wi;

where, RB 4 is the evaluation result of environmental condition elements, and Wi is weight value of index i.

In one embodiment the step of evaluating and calculating the important habitat B5 in the step S23 includes the following steps:

S231: evaluating area change rate C17 of the important habitat, with following calculation formula:

C17 (St- 5 - St)/St-s , St < St-s 0 , St >! St-s

where, St is scale of the important habitat in the evaluation year, and St-5 is scale of the important habitat five years before the evaluation year;

C1 RC17 -- 7'

where, RC 1 is the evaluation result of the area change rate of the important habitat, and S17 is a standard value of the area change rate C17 of the important habitat, and S17=0.1;

S232: calculating the important habitat B5, with following calculation formula:

RBs = RC 1 7 x W17;

where, RBs is the evaluation result of important habitat elements, and W 1 7 is weight value of the area change rate C17 of the important habitat;

the calculation formula for calculating the ecological sensitivity of the island in the step S24 is as follows:

RS = (RB 3 + RB4 + RBs)/3;

where, RS is the evaluation result of the ecological sensitivity of the island.

In one embodiment the step of evaluating and calculating the self-regulating ability B6 in the step S31 includes the following steps:

S311: evaluating island area C18, with following calculation formula:

S18 RC 1 8 = -, C18 = Dat; C18

where, RCs is the evaluation result of the island area, Dat is projected island area, and S18 is a standard value of the island area C18, and S18=17.0738;

.8.

S312: evaluating shape complexity C19 of the island, with following calculation formula:

RC 1 9 = C19 = La/[2 X (r X Da)0.5];

where, RC 1 9 is the evaluation result of the shape complexity of the island, La is the length of the coastline of the island, Da is the island area, and S19 is a standard value of the shape complexity C19 of the island, and S19=2.0517;

S313: evaluating diversity C20 of the island plant, with following calculation formula: n H'O =Y IV,,,i In IV,,,i , IV,,,i = Ab,,i/ Ab, ; i=1

E, = N,/lnN;

where, H'o is Shannon-Wiener index of a sample location/spot o, Eo is Pielou index of the sample location/spot o, IVo, is an importance value of a specific species at each sample location/spot, Abo, is abundance of the species i at the sample location/spot o, Abo is sum of the abundance values of the species at the sample location/spot o, and No is number of species at the sample location/spot o;

S20 RC2 0 = ,C20 =(H'O+E)/2; C20

where, RC2 ois the evaluation result of the diversity of the island plant, S20 is a standard value of the diversity C20 of the island plant, i.e., an average value in the region;

S314: evaluating biodiversity C21 in the peripheral sea region, with following calculation formula: n H'O =Y IV,,,i In IV,,,i , IV,,,i = Ab,,i/ Ab, ; i=1

E, = N,/ln N,;

where, H'O is the Shannon-Wiener index of the sample location/spot o, Eo is the Pielou index of the sample location/spot o, IVo, is the importance value of the specific species at each sample location/spot, Abo, is the abundance of the species i at the sample location/spot o, Abo is the sum of the abundance values of the species at the sample location/spot o, and No is the number of species at the sample location/spot o;

S21 RC2 1 = , C21 = (H'o + E,)/2; C21

where, RC 2 1is the evaluation result of the biodiversity in the peripheral sea region, and S21 is a standard value of the biodiversity C21 in the peripheral sea region, i.e., an average value in the region; .9.

S315: calculating the self-regulating ability B6, with following calculation formula: 21

RB 6 = RCj x W; i=18

where, RB 6 is the evaluation result of self-regulating ability elements, and Wi is weight value of index i.

In one embodiment the step of evaluating and calculating the social support condition B7 in the step S32 includes the following steps:

S321: evaluating resident income level C22, with following calculation formula:

S22 RC2 2 = -,C22 = K; C22

where, RC2 2 is the evaluation result of the resident income level, K is per capita disposable income of urban residents or per capita net income of farmers and fishermen, and Si is a standard value of the resident income level C22, i.e., an average value in the region;

S322: evaluating science and technology support capacity C23, with following calculation formula:

S23 RC2 3 = -, C23 = J; C23

where, RC23 is the evaluation result of the science and technology support capacity, J is a ratio of marine science and technology investment to added value of marine industry or number of professionals and technicians per 10,000 residents, and S23 is a standard value of the science and technology supporting capacity C23, i.e., an average value in the region;

S323: evaluating educational level C24 of the residents, with following calculation formula:

S24 RC2 4 = -,C24 = M; C24

where, RC2 4 is the evaluation result of the educational level of the residents, M is a ratio of population having educational background of senior high school or superior to the total population, and S24 is a standard value of the educational level C24 of the residents, i.e., an average value in the region;

S324: calculating the social support condition B7, with following calculation formula: 24

RB 7 YRCixWi;

i=22

where, RB7 is the evaluation result of the social support condition elements, and Wi is the weight -10.

value of index i.

In one embodiment, the step of evaluating and calculating the environmental protection B8 in the step S33 includes the following steps:

S331: evaluating pollutant treatment capacity C25, with following calculation formula:

S25 RC2 5 = - ,C25 = R; C25'

where, RC2 5 is the evaluation result of pollutant treatment capacity, R is a ratio of urban sewage treatment or a ratio of harmless treatment of urban domestic wastes, and S25 is a standard value of the pollutant treatment capacity C25, i.e., an average value in the region;

S332: evaluating investment C26 in the ecological protection and construction, with following calculation formula:

S26 RC2 6 = -,C26 = U; C26

where, RC2 6 is the evaluation result of the investment in ecological protection and construction, U is a ratio of the investment in ecological protection and construction to the gross regional domestic product, and S26 is a standard value of the investment C26 in the ecological protection and construction, i.e., an average value in the region;

S333: calculating the environmental protection B8, with following calculation formula: 26

RB 8 = RCi x W; i=25

where, RBs is the evaluation result of the environmental protection elements, and Wi is weight value of index i;

evaluating and calculating the overall management level B9 in the step S34 includes the following steps:

S341: evaluating effectiveness C27 of management, with following calculation formula:

=S27,C7=Y RC2 7 =-,C27 Y;

where, RC 2 is the evaluation result of the effectiveness of management, Y is score of effectiveness of management obtained by scoring by experts, and S27 is a standard value of the effectiveness C27 of management, i.e., an average value in the region;

S342: calculating the overall management level B9, with following calculation formula:

-11.

RB 9 = RC2 7 x W27;

where, RB 9 is the evaluation result of overall management level elements, and W2 7 is the weight value of effectiveness C27 of management;

the calculation formula for calculating the ecological adaptability of the island in the step S35 is as follows:

RA =(RB6 +RB 7 +RB 8 +RB 9 )/4;

where, RA is the evaluation result of the ecological adaptability of the island.

In one embdoment, the calculation formula for calculating the ecological vulnerability of the island in the step S4 is as follows:

IEVI =REx RSxRA

where, IEVI is island ecological vulnerability index; the ecological vulnerability of the island is non-vulnerability, if IEVI<0.8; the ecological vulnerability of the island is critical vulnerability, if IEVI is 0.8 to 1.0; the ecological vulnerability of the island is slight vulnerability, if IEVI is 1.0 tol.5; the ecological vulnerability of the island is moderate vulnerability, if IEVI is 1.5 to 2.0; the ecological vulnerability of the island is high vulnerability, if IEVI>2.0.

Compared with the prior art, embodiments of the present invention have the following advantages and beneficial effects:

The island ecological vulnerability evaluation index system used for the evaluation in the present invention is composed of three layers, i.e., an objective layer, an element layer, and an index layer, which include three objectives (ecological exposure of the island, ecological sensitivity of the island, and ecological adaptability of the island) and 9 elements and 27 indexes under each objective. In addition, the evaluation indexes are selected on the basis of the typical characteristics of island ecosystems under principles of scientificity, comprehensiveness, operability, uniformity and differentiation, so that a highly accurate result of island vulnerability evaluation is obtained. Thus, the present invention makes a certain contribution to the island monitoring work.

IV. Embodiments

To enable a clearer understanding of the present invention, embodiments will be described in detail. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments provided in the present invention, all other embodiments, any modification, equivalent replacement or improvement obtained by the person skilled in the art

-12.

without expending any creative labor should be deemed as falling into protection scope of the present invention.

1. Island ecological vulnerability evaluation index system

The island ecological vulnerability evaluation index system of embodiments of the present invention is composed of three layers, namely, an objective layer, an element layer and an index layer, which include 3 objectives, 9 elements and 27 indexes, as shown in Table 1. The evaluation indexes are selected on the basis of the typical characteristics of island ecosystems, under principles of scientificity, comprehensiveness, operability, uniformity and differentiation.

Table 1 - Island Ecological Vulnerability Evaluation Index System

Objective layer Element layer Indexlayer Type of index Weight C1 - Impact of typical X - U 0.34 natural disasters

B1 - Natural C2 - Area change rate Y U 0.23 of the island pressure C3 - Coastline change Y - U 0.23 rate of the island C4 - Terrain factor X - H L 0.20 C5 - Resident Y - U 0.15 population density C6 - Tourist Y - U 0.15 E - Exposure population pressure Level C7 - Impact of typical human disturbance to Y - U 0.17 Ecological B2 - Human environment vulnerability disturbance C8 - Impact of land of an island development of the X - H L 0.20 island C9 - impact of L Y - H 0.18 coastlinedevelopment C10 - Impact of the

development of the X - H S 0.15 peripheral sea region C1I - Net primary productivity of X - H L 0.56

B3 - Ecological vegetation S - condition C12 - Primary Sensitivity productivity of Y - H S 0.44 peripheral sea region B4 - C13 - Quality of Y - H 0.25

-13.

Environmental ground water L condition environment C14 - Quality of soil X - H 0.28 environment L C15 - Quality of sea S X - H 0.28 water C16 - Quality of marine sediment Y - H S 0.19 environment C17 - Area change B5 - Important rate of important Y - U 1.00 habitat habitat C18 - Island area X + U 0.26 C19 - Shape complexity of the X - U 0.18 B6 - island Self-regulating C20 - Diversity of the L X + H 0.30 ability island plant C21 - Biodiversity in S the peripheral sea Y + H 0.26 region C22 - Resident Y + U 0.28 income level A- B7 - Social C23 - Science and Adaptability support technology support Y + U 0.37 condition capacity C24 - Resident Y + U 0.35 education level C25 - Main pollutant Y + U 0.51 B8 - treatment capacity Environmental C26 - Investment in protection ecological protection Y + U 0.49 and construction B9 - Overall C27 - Effectiveness of management X + U 1.00 management level

In the above table: 1. The indexes may be classified into required indexes (X) and optional indexes (Y) according to whether they are mandatory; the indexes may be classified into positive indexes (+) and negative indexes (-) according to nature of the indexes, wherein the higher a positive index is, the less vulnerable the ecosystem is; the higher a negative index is, the more vulnerable the ecosystem is; the indexes may be classified into spatially uniform indexes (U) and spatially heterogeneous indexes (H) according to spatial distribution of the indexes, wherein the spatially

-14.

uniform indexes have the same value in the entire research region in the same time period, while the values of spatially heterogeneous indexes are different with different spots, which can be classified into land heterogeneous indexes (L) and peripheral sea region heterogeneous indexes (S).

2. The weights of the indexes are assigned by scoring by experts. 61 questionnaires issued to the expert in relevant domains are collected, and through statistics and calculation, the weights of different indexes on the element layers (the total weight of each element layer is 1) are determined for reference according to the scoring results. In practice, the weights of some indexes may be adjusted as appropriate according to actual conditions of an island.

It is to be understood that the calculation and evaluation of quantities and parameters B1, B2, and all intermediate quantities and parameters, are conducted using a computation system (not shown). The computer system includes a processor, memory, operating system, user input device and display, so that data may be input for computation of the quantities, and indexes. The processor may be an AMD, Intel or other processor, and the operating system may be Unix, iOs, Windows or other operating system. The processor and operating system is configured to evaluate the indexes for vulnerability and then instructs one or more actions to rectify the vulnerability.

1.1 General requirements

1.1.1 Single-factor evaluation requirements for the indexes

R C S' Ci is a negative index) R Si/C Ci is a positive index

In formula (1): RC is the evaluation result of index i, Ci is the value of index (the positive and negative directions of the values are shown in Table A), and Si is the standard value of the index.

1.1.2 Element evaluation method

The evaluation results of different elements are calculated on the basis of the evaluation results of the indexes, with the following calculation formula:

RBx = R Cix W i .................................................................. (2)

In formula (2): RBx is the evaluation result of element i, and Wi is the weight value of index i in element x (the sum of the weight values of the indexes in an element is 1).

1.2 Method for evaluating the ecological vulnerability exposure (E) of an island

The exposure includes natural pressure (B1) and human disturbance (B2).

1.2.1 Natural pressure (B1)

(1) Impact (Cl) of typical natural disasters

The impact Cl of typical natural disasters is estimated with formula (3).

C 1 = Q ........................................................................ (3

) Q - Annual mean frequency of typical natural disasters / ratio of the area affected by typical natural disasters to the island area in the last 10 years.

Common natural disasters on islands mainly include: 1) meteorological disasters, including gale (level 10 and above), cold wave, etc.; 2) marine disasters, including storm surges and red tides, etc.; 3) geological disasters, including coastal erosion and seawater intrusion, etc.; 4) other natural disasters, including biological invasion, plant diseases and insect pests, etc. For natural disasters such as gales, cold waves and storm surges, etc., which can be counted by the number of times, the calculation is carried out according to the annual mean frequency; for natural disasters such as seawater intrusion and salinization, etc., which are difficult to count by the number of times, the calculation is carried out according to the affected area; for islands with both types of natural disasters, the worse value in the evaluation results is used.

Evaluation criterion: the standard reference value of the annual mean frequency of typical natural disasters in the last 10 years is 5; the standard reference value for the ratio of area affected by typical natural disasters to the island area is 0.1.

(2) Area change rate of the island (C2)

The area change rate C2 of the island is evaluated with formula (4).

C2 = IDa - Da-s| D.a-'.. ' '' ' ' '' ' '(4)

Da- Area in the evaluation year;

Da-s- Area five years before the evaluation year.

-16.

Evaluation criterion: the standard reference value is 0.05.

(3) Coastline change rate (C3) of the island

The coastline change rate C3 of the island also reflects the island stability, and is evaluated with formula (5).

C3 La- Las|..........................(5)

La- Coastline length in the evaluation year;

La-s- Coastline length five years before the evaluation year.

Evaluation criterion: the standard reference value is 0.05.

(4) Terrain factor (C4)

The terrain factor C4 reflects the surface rise and fall condition of the island, is represented by the ratio of steep slope area, and is evaluated with formula (6).

C4 = Di Da.................(6)

is Di - Area of steep slopes (gradient>15°);

Da - Island area.

Evaluation criterion: the standard reference value is 0.3.

1.2.2 Human disturbance (B2)

(1) Resident population density (C5)

The resident population density C5 refers to the pressure brought by island residents to the island ecosystem, and is evaluated with formula (7).

C5 = PaIDa'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''................. (7)

Pa- Number of the resident population on the island;

Da- Island area.

Evaluation criterion: standard reference average value in the region. The average value in the region can be selected from the average data in the provincial or municipal administrative unit where the island is located according to the actual situation.

(2) - Tourist population pressure (C6)

The tourist population pressure C6 refers to the pressure brought by tourists to the ecosystem of the island, and is evaluated with formula (8).

C 6 = t |P ...................................................... (8)

Pt - Annual person-times of tourists;

D - Area of the tourist region.

(3) Impact (C7) of typical human disturbance to the environment

The impact (C7) of typical human disturbance to the environment refers to the impact of typical 1 human disturbance (e.g., oil leakage, construction of wind power generation facilities, etc.) on the ecosystem of the island, and is evaluated with formula (9).

C7 = Dd DX' -..-..-..--.--.--.--- (9)

Dd- Sum of areas affected by oil leakage and wind power generation utility construction;

Dx -Area of the evaluation region.

Evaluation criterion: the standard reference value is 0.1.

(4) - Impact (C8) of land development of the island

The impact (C8) of land development of the island refers to the impact intensity of land development and utilization of the island on its adjacent regions (excluding occupied regions), and is evaluated with formula (10).

C 8 = ^. Dx ........................................................................ (10)

IA - Scale of impact of land development of the island, which is calculated with formula (11);

Dx - Area of the evaluation region. -18.

IA -- 2 1 D A , x IA ................................................... (11)

DA; - Island area of island utilization type i;

IA - coefficient of impact of island utilization type i on resources and environment in peripheral regions. Please see Table 2 in detail.

For any other island utilization type not listed in Table 2, the impact coefficient can be selected with reference to similar utilization types in the following table for evaluating according to the degree of impact on the resources and environment of the island.

Table 2 - Coefficients of Impact of Island Utilization Types on Ecosystem

Separate Encroach Affect Type of Change surface Discharge Scope(m) natural wildlife community IC development morphology pollutants landscape habitat structure Industrial and mining storage * * 0.7 and transportation Residential and * 0.6 public services 0-50 Hardened ground such as squares and a 0.4 drying yards, etc.

Farmlands 0 a a 0.2

Industrial and mining storage o ****0.4 and transportation Residential and o a 0.3 50-100 public services Hardened ground such as squares and a a a 0.2 drying yards, etc. Industrial and

100-200 mining storage 0 0 0 0.2 and transportation

-19.

Residential and 0 0 0 0 0.1 public services

In the above table: * represents significant impact, and IC=0.2; represents moderate impact, and IC=0.1; orepresents essentially no impact, and IC=0.

Evaluation criterion: the standard reference value is 0.3.

(5) Impact (C9) of coastline development

The impact (C9) of coastline development refers to the impact of coastline development on the island, and is evaluated with formula (12).

C9 = L La................. (12)

Li - Length of artificial coastline;

La - Total length of coastline;

Evaluation criterion: the standard reference value is 0.3.

(6) - Impact (C10) of peripheral sea region development

The impact (C10) of peripheral sea region development refers to the impact of development and utilization of peripheral sea region of the island on the adjacent regions excluding occupied regions), and is evaluated with formula (12).

C10 = IsD..................................(12)

IS - Scale (IS) of development and utilization of the sea region, which is calculated with formula (13);

Ds - Area of the sea region;

I= DS x ;IS .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (13)

DS - Area of sea utilization type i;

IS - Coefficient of the impact of sea utilization type i on the resources and environment. Please see Table 3 in detail.

Table 3 - Coefficients of Impact of Different Sea Utilization Types on the Ecosystem

-20.

ScopeofimpactSeautilization Change Affect water Affect biological Discharge Scope f impct SeautiliationEncroachDicag landform and and sand community IC (m) type wildlife habitat pollutants topography environment structure Marine reclamation for * * * 0.8 land Non-permeable * * * 0.8 constructions Marine reclamation for * * 0.7 aquaculture

Salt industry * * 0.7

Cross-sea bridges and 0.5 submarine tunnels, etc.

0-200 Permeable 0 0 0.3 constructions Harbor basins and water a a a 0.2 reservoirs, etc. Open o a a 0.2 aquaculture

Bathing beach a a a a 0.1

Pleasure ground a a a a 0.1

Special-purpose channels, anchor grounds, a a a a 0.1 and other open sea utilization Marine reclamation for 0.5 land Non-permeable * * * *0.5 constructions Marine reclamation for a a 0.3 200-500 aquaculture Cross-sea bridges and o a a 0.2 submarine tunnels, etc. Permeable a a a a 0.1 constructions

Harbor basins a a a a 0.1 and water reservoirs, etc.

Open 0 0 0 0 0.1 aquaculture Marine reclamation for 0 0 0 0.2 construction

500-1000 Non-permeable 0 0 0 0.2 constructions Marine reclamation for 0 a a a 0.1 aquaculture

Evaluation criterion: the standard reference value is 0.3.

1.2.3 Evaluation of sub-objectives

Based on the single-factor evaluation and element evaluation of the indexes, the evaluation result of two sub-objectives is calculated with formula (14) under the equal weight principle according to the evaluation result of respective element.

RE = (R B 1 + RB 2 )/2............................................................(14)

RE - Evaluation result of exposure of sub-objective;

1.3 Method for evaluating ecological vulnerability sensitivity (S) of an island

The sensitivity includes ecological condition B3, environmental condition B4 and important habitat B5.

1.3.1 Ecological condition (B3)

(1) Net primary productivity (C11) of vegetation

The calculation methods for net primary productivity of the island are established on the basis of remote sensing data, weather records and field survey according to a CASA model, as shown in formulae (15) to (17):

LNPP(x,t)=APAR(x,t)x4(x,t)..................(15)

-22.

APAR(x,t)=PAR(x,t)xFPAR(x,t).....................(16)

4(x,t)=ft(t)x fw(t)x max........................(17)

LNPP(x, t) - Net primary productivity in month t at point x;

APAR(x, t) - Photosynthetically active radiation absorbed in month t at point x (MJ-m-2-month-1 );

5 4(x, t) - Actual utilization rate of light energy in month t at point x (gC-MJ- 1);

PAR(x, t) - Photosynthetically active radiation in month t at point x (MJ-m-2-month-1 );

FPAR(x, t) - Absorption ratio of the photosynthetically active radiation in month t at point x();

ft(t) - Temperature stress factor in month t in the research region(%);

fw(t) - Water stress factor in month t in the research region (%);

4max - Maximum utilization rate of light energy of the vegetation (gC-MJ- 1). The annual mean of LNPP is obtained according to the calculation result of respective month. Alternatively, it can be calculated with a different method.

Evaluation criterion: standard reference average value in the region. The average value in the region can be selected from the average data in the provincial or municipal administrative unit where the 1 island is located according to the actual situation.

(2) Primary productivity (C12) of peripheral sea region

It is calculated with the simplified formula (18) proposed by Cadee and Hegeman (1974) with a chlorophyll method:

SPP=PsxFxT/2 ................................................ (18)

SPP - Primary productivity of peripheral sea region;

Ps - Potential productivity of phytoplankton in surface water (withinI m) (mg C/m 2 -h);

F - Depth of the euphotic layer (m), equal to three times of transparency;

T - Length of daylight time (h).

Ps is calculated with the following formula:

P s= C aQ t...............................................................(19)

Ca - Content of chlorophyll a in surface layer (mg/m3 );

Qt - Assimilation coefficient [mg C-(mg Chl-a)-1-h-1], an empirical coefficient of 3.7 is used. Thus, the annual mean value of SPP is obtained from the primary productivity result of each day in -23.

different seasons.

1.3.2 - Environmental condition (B4)

(1) Environment quality (C13) of ground water

The environment quality (Poveran) of element is calculated as follows:

Poverai= [( P i) 2 +P max 2 ]/2 .......................................... (20) n

Poveran - Composite index of environment quality;

n - Number of factors;

Pi - Pollution index of factor i;

Pmax - Maximum value of pollution index among all factors.

Pi is obtained with the following formula:

P i=G i/N i......................................................(2 1)

Gi - Measured value of factor i;

Ni - Standard value of factor i, which is environmental quality standards corresponding to each environmental element.

Evaluation criterion: the corresponding environmental quality standard is executed, and the level of the standard is determined according to the functional area of the environment where the research region is located.

(2) Environment quality (C14) of soil

It is evaluated with the same calculation method and evaluation criterion for environment quality (C13) of ground water.

(3) Quality (C15) of sea water

-24.

(4) Environment quality (C16) of marine sediment

The calculation formula for each of the environment quality (C14) of soil, quality (C15) of sea water and environment quality (C16) of marine sediment is the same as that for calculating the environment quality (C13) of ground water, and the number of factors is the number of factors for each index.

1.3.3 Important habitat (B5)

(1) Area change rate (C17) of important habitat

The area change rate of important habitat (Sv) is calculated with the formula (22):

S (St 5-s t )/S t -5 St <St-s2 S=............ .......................................... (22) 0 St ,_St-s5

St - Scale of the important habitat in the evaluation year;

St-5 - Scale of the important habitat five years before the evaluation year.

Evaluation criterion: the standard reference value is 0.1.

1.3.4 Evaluation of sub-objectives

Based on the single-factor evaluation and element evaluation of the indexes (see Section 1.1 General Requirements for the details), the evaluation result of three sub-objectives is calculated with formula (23) under an equal weight principle according to the evaluation result of respective element.

RS = (RB 3 + RB 4 + RB 5 )/3..........................................(23)

RS - Evaluation result of sub-objective of sensitivity.

1.4 Method for evaluating the ecological vulnerability adaptability (A) of an island

The adaptability includes self-regulating ability B6, social support condition B7, environmental protection B8, and overall management level B9.

1.4.1 Self-regulating ability (B6)

(1) Island area (C18)

The island area is the projected island area.

Evaluation criterion: the average value of islands with area>km 2 in China is used, i.e., 17.0738km 2 .

(2) Shape complexity (C19) of the island

The shape complexity of the island C19 is evaluated with formula (24).

C19 = La/[2 x (r X Da)O.5]...................................................(24)

La - Length of the coastline of the island;

Da - Island area.

Evaluation criterion: the average value of islands with area>lkm2 in China is used, i.e., 2.0517.

(3) Diversity (C20) of the island plant

The diversity of the island plant can be calculated according to the diversity of typical island plants.

The diversity is calculated with Shannon-Wiener index (H') and Pielou index (E) that are universally used in the researches in China and foreign countries at present, wherein the former mainly reflects the complexity of the species, while the latter mainly reflects the uniformity of the species. The diversity of the species is represented by the average value of the two indexes. The calculation method is as follows:

H'O = -- Z 7 IV,1 InIV 0,1.................... ..... ...... ..(25)

E, = N,/lnn 0 .................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (26)

H'O - Shannon-Wiener index at the sample location/spot o;

Eo - Pielou index at the sample location/spot o;

No - Number of species at the sample location/spot o.

IVo,i is the importance values of the different species at each sample location/spot, and is calculated as follows:

-26.

IV,i = A b0 ,i/A b ......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (27)

Abo, - Abundance of species i at the sample location/spot o;

Ab, - Sum of abundance values of species at the sample location/spot o.

(4) Biodiversity (C21) in the peripheral sea region

The biodiversity in the peripheral sea region can be calculated according to the diversity of planktons or the diversity of benthos in the tidal zone.

It is evaluated with the same calculation method and evaluation criterion for the diversity (C20) of the island plant.

1.4.2 Social support condition (B7)

is (1) Resident income level (C22)

The resident income level refers to the per capita disposable income of the urban residents or the per capita net income of farmers and fishermen.

(2) Science and technology support capacity (C23)

The science and technology supporting capacity refers to the ratio of marine scientific and technological investment to the added value of the marine industry in the region or the number of professionals and technicians per 10,000 residents.

(3) Resident education level (C24)

The resident education level refers to the ratio of population having educational background of senior high school or superior to the total population.

1.4.3 Environmental protection (B8)

(1) Main pollutant treatment capacity (C25)

The main pollutant treatment capacity refers to the ratio of urban sewage treatment or the ratio of harmless treatment of urban domestic wastes.

(2) Investment (C26) in ecological protection and construction

The investment in ecological protection and construction refers to the ratio of the investment in ecological protection and construction to the gross regional domestic product.

1.4.4 Overall management level (B9)

(1) Effectiveness (C27) of management

The effective of management is calculated by means of scoring by experts. Specifically, detailed information on the present situation of island ecosystem protection and management is provided, and the present situation of management and effect is scored by at least 50 experts comprehensively, and is rated to "Excellent", "Good", "OK", "Poor", or "Very Poor".

Evaluation criterion: standard reference average value in the region. The average value in the region can be selected from the average data in the provincial or municipal administrative unit where the

-28.

island is located according to the actual situation.

1.4.5 Evaluation of sub-objectives

Based on the single-factor evaluation and element evaluation of the indexes (see Section 1.1 General Requirements for the details), the evaluation result of four sub-objectives is calculated with formula (14) from the evaluation result of respective element under an equal weight principle. RA = (RB 6 + RB 7 + RB 8 + RB 9 )4 .................................. (14)

RA - Evaluation result of sub-objective of adaptability.

2. Overall evaluation of island ecological vulnerability

2.1 Ecological vulnerability assessment and gradation

The island ecologic vulnerability situation is graded into the following five grades:

- High vulnerability: the intensity of artificial development is high, the pollution in the island is serious, and the natural disasters frequently occur; the biological diversity in the peripheral region is vulnerable to serious damage, important habitats are highly distributed, and the protection of ecosystem with special protection values is extremely poor; the recoverability of marine biological diversity, important habitats and marine primary productivity is extremely low.

- Moderate vulnerability: the island is largely developed artificially, the pollution in the island is relatively serious, and the destructiveness of natural disasters is serious; the marine biological diversity in the peripheral region is vulnerable to damage, important habitats are highly distributed, and the protection of ecosystem with special protection values is poor; the recoverability of marine biological diversity, important habitats and marine primary productivity is low.

- Slight vulnerability: the intensity of artificial development is critically overloaded, the pollution in the island is a little serious, and the destructiveness of the natural disasters is general; the marine biological diversity in the peripheral region is general, important habitats are less distributed, and the protection of ecosystem with special protection values is general; the recoverability of marine biological diversity, important habitats and marine primary productivity is low.

- Critical vulnerability: the intensity of artificial development is not strong, the pollution in the

-29.

island is not serious, and natural disasters are less; the marine biological diversity in the peripheral region is high, important habitats are less, and the protection of ecosystem with special protection values is general; the recoverability of marine biological diversity, important habitats and marine primary productivity is high.

- Non-vulnerability: the intensity of artificial development and disturbance is low, the risk of marine pollution in the island is low, and the natural disasters rarely occur; the marine biological diversity in the peripheral region is very high, there is nearly no distributed important habitat, and the protection of ecosystem with special protection values is good; the recoverability of marine biological diversity, important habitats and marine primary productivity is very high.

2.2. Overall evaluation of island ecological vulnerability

The island ecological vulnerability index (IEVI) is obtained by calculation from three sub-objectives. The calculation formula is as follows:

lE VI = rRE x RSx RA .......................................... (14)

The island ecological vulnerability grade can be obtained from Table 4.

Table 4 - Gradation of Island Ecological Vulnerability

Island ecological vulnerability index Island ecological vulnerability grade

(IEVI)

<0.8 Non-vulnerability 0.8-1.0 Critical vulnerability 1.0-1.5 Slight vulnerability 1.5-2.0 Moderate vulnerability 2.0- High vulnerability

The island ecological vulnerability evaluation index system used for the evaluation in the present invention is composed of three layers, i.e., an objective layer, an element layer, and an index layer, which include three objective layers (ecological exposure of the island, ecological sensitivity of the island, and ecological adaptability of the island) and 9 elements and 27 indexes under each objective. In addition, the evaluation indexes are selected on the basis of the typical characteristics of island ecosystems under principles of scientificity, comprehensiveness, operability, uniformity and differentiation, so that a highly accurate evaluation result of island vulnerability is obtained. Thus, the present invention makes a certain contribution to the island monitoring work.

-30.

Claims

The claims defining the present invention are as follows:

1. A computer-implemented method for evaluating ecological vulnerability of an island, comprising the following steps:

Si: evaluating and calculating ecological exposure of the island, wherein the ecological exposure of the island comprises natural pressure Bi and human disturbance B2;

S11: evaluating and calculating the natural pressure B1;

S12: evaluating and calculating the human disturbance B2;

S2: evaluating and calculating ecological sensitivity of the island, wherein the ecological sensitivity of the island comprises ecological condition B3, environmental condition B4 and important habitat B5;

S21: evaluating and calculating the ecological condition B3;

S22: evaluating and calculating the environmental condition B4;

S23: evaluating and calculating the important habitat B5;

S3: evaluating and calculating ecological adaptability of the island, wherein the ecological adaptability of the island comprises self-regulating ability B6, social support condition B7, environmental protection B8 and overall management level B9;

S31: evaluating and calculating the self-regulating ability B6;

S32: evaluating and calculating the social support condition B7;

S33: evaluating and calculating the environmental protection B8;

S34: evaluating and calculating the overall management level B9;

S5: calculating the ecological adaptability of the island from the self-regulating ability B6, the social support condition B7, the environmental protection B8 and the overall management level B9;

S4: evaluating and calculating the ecological vulnerability of the island from the evaluation result of the ecological exposure of the island obtained in the step S, the evaluation result of the ecological sensitivity of the island obtained in the step S2 and the evaluation result of the ecological adaptability of the island obtained in the step S3, to obtain an evaluation result of the ecological vulnerability of the island.

2. The method for evaluating ecological vulnerability of an island according to claim 1, wherein evaluating and calculating the natural pressure B1 in the step S Icomprises the following steps:

C1 R C, -, C1 = Q;

where, RCI is an evaluation result of the impact of typical natural disasters, Q is an annual mean frequency of typical natural disasters or a ratio of area affected by typical natural disasters to total area of the island in the last 10 years, S is a standard value of the impact C of typical natural disasters, and S1=5 or 0.1;

Sii2: evaluating the change rate C2 of the island area, with following calculation formula:

RC2 = S2', C2 = IDa -Da-s|ID Da' where, RC2 is an evaluation result of the change rate of the island area, Da is island area in the evaluation year, Da-5 is island area five years before the evaluation year, and S2 is a standard value of the change rate C2 of the island area, and S2=0.05;

Sii3: evaluating change rate C3 of a island coastline, with following calculation formula:

RC = 3, C3 = |La - La-s I/ R3 S3 La' where, RC 3 is an evaluation result of the change rate of the island coastline, La is length of the island coastline in the evaluation year, La- is length of the island coastline five years before the evaluation year, and S3 is a standard value of the change rate C3 of the island coastline, and S3=0.05;

Sii4: evaluating terrain factor C4, with following calculation formula:

C4 D~ RC 4 = S4 C4 = D/ Da' I

where, RC4 is an evaluation result of the terrain factor, D is area of steep slopes, Da is the island area, and S4 is a standard value of the terrain factor C4, and S4=0.3;

S115: calculating the natural pressure B1, with following calculation formula:

RB 1 = 1 RCj xW;

where, RBI is the evaluation result of the natural pressure elements, and Wi is a weight value of index i.

3. The method for evaluating ecological vulnerability of an island according to claim 2, wherein evaluating and calculating the human disturbance B2 in the step S12 comprises the following steps:

R Cs; = C5 5 , Ca = -pa a SS Ia

where, RCs is an evaluation result of the resident population density, Pa is number of the resident population on the island, Da is the island area, and S5 is a standard value of the resident population density C5, i.e., an average value in a region;

C6 _p RC6 = C, C6 = I S6'

where, RCj is an evaluation result of the tourist population pressure, P, is annual person-times of the tourists, D is area of a tourist region, and S6 is a standard value of the tourist population pressure C6, i.e., an average value in a region;

C7 Dd RC7 = = ,7C7 DIx S7

where, RC7 is an evaluation result of the impact of typical human disturbance to the environment, Dd is sum of areas affected by oil leakage and construction of wind power generation facilities, and D. is area of the evaluated region; S7 is a standard value of the impact C7 of typical human disturbance to the environment, and S7=0.1;

S124: evaluating impact C8 of land development of the island, with following calculation formula:

n C8 RC 8 = , C8 = ^ID' ^ =A DAi x IA S8' i=1

where, RC 8 is an evaluation result of the impact of land development of the island, IA is scale of the impact of land development of the island, Dx is the area of the evaluation region, DA; is island area of land utilization type i, and IA is a coefficient of impact of land utilization type i on resources and environment in a peripheral region; S8 is a standard value of the impact C8 of land development of the island, and S8=0.3;

S125: evaluating impact C9 of coastline development, with following calculation formula:

C9 L RC 9 = ,C9 = 'L S9 a

where, RC 9 is an evaluation result of the impact of coastline development, Li is length of the artificial coastline of the island, La is total length of the island coastline, and S9 is a standard value of the impact C9 of coastline development, and S9=0.3;

S126: evaluating impact CI0 of the development of the peripheral sea region, with following calculation formula: n C10 R C10 = S10 , C10 = 's/DS ' IS = DS, X ISi; i=1

where, RClo is an evaluation result of the impact of the development of the peripheral sea region, Is is scale of the development and utilization of the sea region, Ds is area of the sea region, DS; is area of sea utilization type i, and IS; is a coefficient of the impact of sea utilization type i on the resources and environment; S10 is a standard value of the impact CI0 of the development of peripheral sea region, and S10=0.3;

S127: calculating the human disturbance B2, with following calculation formula:

RB 2 = E=os RCi x W ;

where, RB2 is an evaluation result of the human disturbance elements, and Wi is the weight value of index i;

the calculation formula for calculating the ecological exposure of the island in the step S13 is as follows:

RE = (RB 1 + RB 2 )/2;

where, RE is the evaluation result of the ecological exposure of the island.

4. The method for evaluating ecological vulnerability of an island according to claim 3, wherein evaluating and calculating the ecological condition B3 in the step S21 comprises the following steps:

LNPP(x, t)=APAR(x, t)x4(x, t);

APAR(x, t)=PAR(x, t)xFPAR(x, t);

4(x, t)=ft(t)x fw(t)x~max;

where, LNPP(x, t) is the net primary productivity in month t at point x, APAR(x, t) is photosynthetically active radiation absorbed in month t at point x, 4(x, t) is an actual utilization rate of light energy in month t at point x, PAR(x, t) is photosynthetically active radiation in month t at point x, FPAR(x, t) is an absorption ratio of the photosynthetically active radiation in month t at point x, ft(t) is temperature stress factor in month t in the research region, fw(t) is water stress factor in month t in the research region, and 4max is maximum utilization rate of light energy of the vegetation;

RC, = ,C11 = LNPP(x,t);

where, RC 1 is an evaluation result of the net primary productivity of the vegetation, Si is a standard value of the net primary productivity ClI of the vegetation, i.e., an average value in a region;

C12=PsxFxT/2,Ps=CaQt;

where, Ps is potential productivity of the phytoplankton in surface water, F is depth of euphotic layer, T is length of daylight time, Ca is content of chlorophyll a in the surface layer, and Q, is an assimilation coefficient;

C12 S12

where, RC 1 2 is an evaluation result of the primary productivity of the peripheral sea region, and S1 2 is a standard value of the primary productivity C12 of the peripheral sea region, i.e., an average value in a region;

S213: calculating the ecological condition B3 with following calculation formula:

RB 3 =1 RCj x W ;

where, RB 3 is the evaluation result of the ecological condition elements, and Wiis the weight value of index i.

5. The method for evaluating ecological vulnerability of an island according to claim 4, wherein evaluating and calculating the environmental condition B4 in the step S22 comprises the following steps:

Pgroundwater= [(1 P) 2 + P max2] /2 n

where, Pground-water is a omposite index of the environment quality of the ground water, n is number of the factors, Pi is pollution index of factor i, and Pmax is maximum value of pollution index among all factors;

Pi=Gi/Ni;

where, Gi is a measured value of the factor i, and Ni is a standard value of the factor i; C13 RC13 = , C13 = Pgroundwater;

where, RCn is an evaluation result of the environment quality of the ground water, and S13 is a standard value of the environment quality C13 of ground water;

Psoii= [( Pi)2 + P max2]/ 2; n

where, Psoil is a composite index of the environment quality of the soil, n is number of the factors, Pi is pollution index of the factor i, and Pmax is maximum value of pollution index among all factors;

Pi=Gi/Ni;

RC 1 4 = -, C14 = Psoi ;

where, RC 1 4is an evaluation result of the environment quality of the soil, and S14 is a standard value of the environment quality C14 of soil ;

Psea water= [( P) 2 + P max2]/ 2 n

where, Pseawater is a composite index of the environment quality of the sea water, n is number of the factors, Pi is the pollution index of factor i, and Pmax is maximum value of the pollution index among all factors;

Pi=Gi/Ni;

where, Gi is a measured value of the factor i, and Ni is a standard value of the factor i; cis RC1 s = , C15 = Psea water;

where, RC 1 s is an evaluation result of the environment quality of the sea water, and S15 is a standard value of the environment quality C15 of the sea water;

Psediment= [I Pi + Pmax 2 ]/2 n

where, Psediment isa omposite index of the environment quality of marine sediment, n is number of factors, Pi is pollution index of factor i, and Pmax is maximum value of pollution index among all factors;

Pi=Gi/Ni;

where, Gi is a measured value of the factor i, and Ni a the standard value of the factor i; Cl RC 1 6= -, C16 = Psediment;

where, RC 1 6 is an evaluation result of the environment quality of marine sediment, and S16 is a standard value of the environment quality C16 of the marine sediment;

RB 4 = 6 1 3 RCi x Wj;

where, RB 4 is the evaluation result of environmental condition elements, and Wi is the weight value of index i.

6. The method for evaluating ecological vulnerability of an island according to claim 5, wherein evaluating and calculating the important habitat B5 in the step S23 comprises the following steps:

C17 (St-s - St)/St-s , St < St-s 0 , St >! St-s

RC 1 7 - 7

where, RC 1 is an evaluation result of the area change rate of the important habitat, and S17 is a standard value of the area change rate C17 of the important habitat, and S17=0.1;

S232: calculating the important habitat B5, with following calculation formula:

RB = RC 1 7 x W1 7 ;

where, RB5 is an evaluation result of important habitat elements, and W1 7 is the weight value of area change rate C17 of the important habitat;

RS = (RB 3 + RB4 + RB 5 )/3;

where, RS is the evaluation result of the ecological sensitivity of the island.

7. The method for evaluating ecological vulnerability of an island according to claim 6, wherein evaluating and calculating the self-regulating ability B6 in the step S31 comprises the following steps:

S311: evaluating island area C18, with following calculation formula:

S18 RC18 = -, C18 = Dat;

where, RC s1 is an evaluation result of the island area, Datis projected island area, and S18 is a standard value of the island area C18, and S18=17.0738;

S312: evaluating shape complexity C19 of the island, with following calculation formula: C1 RC 19 = -, C19 = La/[2 x (rc X Da)0.5];

where, RC 1 9 is an evaluation result of the shape complexity of the island, La is length of the coastline of the island, Da is the island area, and S19 is a standard value of the shape complexity C19 of the island, and S19=2.0517;

S313: evaluating diversity C20 of the island plant, with the following calculation formula: n

H'O =Y IV,,,i In IV,,,i , IV,,,i = Ab,,il/Ab, ; i=1

E, = N, /ln N,;

where, H'O is Shannon-Wiener index of a sample location/spot o, E, is Pielou index of the sample location/spot o, IVoi is importance value of a specific species at each sample location/spot, Abo, is abundance of the species i at the sample location/spot o, Abo is sum of the abundance values of the species at the sample location/spot o, and No is number of species at the sample location/spot o;

S20 RC 2 0 = -, C20 = (H'o + E0 )/2;

where, RC2 ois an evaluation result of the diversity of the island plant, S20 is a standard value of the diversity C20 of the island plant, i.e., an average value in a region;

S314: evaluating the biodiversity C21 in the peripheral sea region, with following calculation formula: n

H'O =Y IV,,,i In IV,,,i , IV,,,i = Ab,,il/Ab, ; i=1

E, = N, /ln N,;

S21 RC 2 1 = , C21 = (H'o + E,)/2; C21

where, RC 2 1is an evaluation result of the biodiversity in the peripheral sea region, and S21 is a standard value of the biodiversity C21 in the peripheral sea region, i.e., an average value in a region;

S315: calculating the self-regulating ability B6, with following calculation formula:

21

RB 6 = RCi x W; i=18

where, RB 6 is the evaluation result of self-regulating ability elements, and Wi is the weight value of index i.

8. The method for evaluating ecological vulnerability of an island according to claim 7, wherein evaluating and calculating the social support condition B7 in the step S32 comprises the following steps:

S321: evaluating resident income level C22, with following calculation formula:

S22 RC2 2 = -,C22 = K;

where, RC2 2 is an evaluation result of the resident income level, K is per capita disposable income of urban residents or per capita net income of farmers and fishermen, and Si is a standard value of the resident income level C22, i.e., an average value in a region;

S23 RC2 3 = -, C23 = J; C23

where, RC23 is an evaluation result of the science and technology support capacity, J is a ratio of marine science and technology investment to added value of marine industry or number of professionals and technicians per 10,000 residents, and S23 is a standard value of the science and technology supporting capacity C23, i.e., an average value in a region;

S24 RC2 4 = ,C24=M; C24

where, RC24 is an evaluation result of the educational level of the residents, M is a ratio of population having educational background of senior high school or superior to total population, and S24 is a standard value of the educational level C24 of the residents, i.e., an average value in a region;

RB 7 = RCi x W; i=22

where, RB7 is the evaluation result of the social support condition elements, and Wi is the weight value of index i.

9. The method for evaluating ecological vulnerability of an island according to claim 8, wherein evaluating and calculating the environmental protection B8 in the step S33 comprises the following steps:

S25 RC 2 5 = -,C25 = R; C25

where, RC2 5 is an evaluation result of pollutant treatment capacity, R is a ratio of urban sewage treatment or a ratio of harmless treatment of urban domestic wastes, and S25 is a standard value of the pollutant treatment capacity C25, i.e., an average value in a region;

S332: evaluating investment C26 in ecological protection and construction, with following calculation formula:

S26 RC 2 6 = -, C26 = U; C26

where, RC2 6 is an evaluation result of the investment in ecological protection and construction, U is a ratio of the investment in ecological protection and construction to gross regional domestic product, and S26 is a standard value of the investment C26 in ecological protection and construction, i.e., an average value in a region;

S333: calculating the environmental protection B8, with following calculation formula:

26

RB 8 = RCi x W; i=25

where, RBs is the evaluation result of the environmental protection elements, and Wi is the weight value of index i;

evaluating and calculating the overall management level B9 in the step S34 comprises the following steps:

S27 RC 2 7 _ sC27 , C27 = Y;

where, RC2 7 is an evaluation result of effectiveness of management, Y is a score of effectiveness of management obtained by scoring by experts, and S27 is a standard value of effectiveness C27 of management, i.e., an average value in a region;

RB 9 = RC2 7 x W2 7 ;

where, RB 9 is an evaluation result of overall management level elements, and W2 7 is the weight value of effectiveness C27 of management; the calculation formula for calculating the ecological adaptability of the island in the step S35 is as follows:

RA= (RB 6 +RB 7 +RB 8 +RB 9 )/4;

10. The method for evaluating ecological vulnerability of an island according to claim 9, wherein the calculation formula for calculating the ecological vulnerability of the island in the step S4 is as follows:

IEVI = VREx RSx RA

where, IEVI is the island ecological vulnerability index; the ecological vulnerability of the island is non-vulnerability, if IEVI<0.8; the ecological vulnerability of the island is critical vulnerability, if IEVI is 0.8 to 1.0; the ecological vulnerability of the island is slight vulnerability, if IEVI is 1.0 to 1.5; the ecological vulnerability of the island is moderate vulnerability, if IEVI is 1.5 to 2.0; the ecological vulnerability of the island is high vulnerability, if IEVI>2.0.