AU2020101809A4 - A simulation system for depositional sequence formation and evolution - Google Patents
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- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
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- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a simulation system for depositional sequence formation and
evolution, which comprises: sediment compaction; load-isostatic subsidence of sediment;
geometrical morphology of the depositional sequence; the basin filling process simulation
comprises: geometrical morphology and depositional isostatic surface of detrital depositional
sequence; depositional sequence of carbonate rocks. In the present invention, a conceptual
model of a comprehensive sequence simulation software system is established, which
distinguishes factors controlling the development and evolution of the sequence, such as sea
level change, tectonic uplift and subsidence, sediment supply, climate change and the like,
quantitatively analyzes the controlling effect of each factor, simulates basin subsidence process
and filling process, can be used to verify geological models and make predictions, has
important guiding significance for predicting the distribution of favorable oil and gas reservoirs,
and has great economic value in oil and gas exploration.
1/1
Start Basement morphology of the
basin before
deposition
Determine the original
morphology of the basin
Tectonic subsidence (water
Determine tectonic bearingbasm)
subsidence
Determine sea (lake) level Sea (lake) level
Determine erosion, ff Erosion area
deposition scope, and
sediment supply
Determine sediment Sediment supply Depositional isostatic
distribution surface
Gravity-isostatic subsidence
Sediment compaction
End
Fig. 1
Description
1/1
Start Basement morphology of the
deposition basin before Determine the original morphology of the basin Tectonic subsidence (water Determine tectonic bearingbasm) subsidence
Determine sea (lake) level Sea (lake) level
Determine erosion, ff Erosion area deposition scope, and sediment supply
Determine sediment Sediment supply Depositional isostatic distribution surface
Gravity-isostatic subsidence
Sediment compaction
End
Fig. 1
Description
A Simulation System for Depositional Sequence Formation and Evolution
I. Technical Field
The present invention relates to the technical field of simulation for depositional sequence
formation and evolution, in particular to a simulation system for depositional sequence
formation and evolution.
II. Background Art
In the last ten years, theoretical models and simulation techniques of depositional basins have
developed rapidly. Depositional basin analysis has been evolved from qualitative static
description to dynamic quantitative process study. The simulation analysis is to establish a
theoretical model by quantitatively describing and analyzing basin parameters and processes,
and dynamically simulate or "emulate" the dynamic process of the basin by means of computer
technology. After the model and simulation system are established correctly, the geological
process and its possible results can be dynamically reproduced by changing various control
parameters. Therefore, the basin process simulation is helpful for accurately evaluating various
unknown parameters, analyzing the internal relationship between geological actions and results,
and then verifying geological interpretation and making predictions. Presently, the research
field of basin process simulation is being expanded continuously, involves the entire process
of basin formation and evolution, including basin formation, subsidence, filling process,
mineralization, etc., and exhibits great and far-reaching research and application prospects.
Sequence stratigraphy simulation is a new basin simulation technique developed with the birth
of sequence stratigraphy in recent years, and has important influences on the theoretical
development of sequence stratigraphy, basin deposition analysis and quantitative prediction.
For example, the concept of "accommodation space", which plays an important role in the
theoretical development of sequence stratigraphy, is the result of quantitative simulation research made by Jervey et al. By means of simulation, the understanding on sequence development and constitution characteristics can be deepened, the controlling factors for sequence formation and evolution can be revealed, the spatial combination and distribution pattern of depositional system and depositional facies can be analyzed and predicted quantitatively, and leading-edge basin exploration and prediction solutions can be verified quickly.
However, a drawback in the above-mentioned techniques is that it is often difficult to use a
qualitative conceptual model to analyze the genetic relationship between the interaction among
multiple control factors and the sequence development.
III. Contents of the Invention
To overcome the existing drawbacks in the prior art, the present invention provides a simulation
system for depositional sequence formation and evolution. The development and evolution of
sequence is controlled jointly by sea level change, tectonic elevation and subsidence, sediment
supply, climate change and other factors. It is proposed to establish a conceptual model of a
comprehensive sequence simulation software system to distinguish these factors, quantitatively
analyze the controlling role of each factor, and simulate the subsidence process and filling
process of a basin. Through quantitative analysis of the controlling effects of changes in basin
structure, sea (lake) level and sediment supply, etc. on the formation process and geometrical
morphology of depositional sequence and distribution of depositional system, geological
models can be verified and predictions can be made, which has important guiding significance
for prediction of the distribution of favorable oil and gas reservoirs, has great economic value
in oil and gas exploration, and can effectively solve the problems in the background art.
To solve the technical problem described above, the present invention provides the following
technical scheme:
The present invention provides a simulation system for depositional sequence formation and
evolution, which comprises:
basin subsidence process simulation and basin filling process simulation, wherein the basin
subsidence process simulation comprises: tectonic subsidence of the basin; sediment compaction; load-isostatic subsidence of sediment; geometrical morphology of the depositional sequence; the basin filling process simulation comprises: geometrical morphology and depositional isostatic surface of detrital depositional sequence; depositional sequence of carbonate rocks.
As a preferred scheme, the tectonic subsidence of the basin is inputted with the following
method:
obtaining the subsidence rate with a back-stripping method and using the subsidence rate as a
subsidence input for sequence simulation;
calculating the subsidence value with an appropriate theoretical model, wherein, for a rift basin,
a uniform instantaneous tensile model or cantilever beam model is used to determine the
subsidence rate and evolution of the basin;
determining the subsidence rate and change thereof, by the software user, according to
requirement.
As a preferred scheme, the sediment compaction comprises:
the sediment compaction process is affected by lithology, subsidence rate and fluid action, and, under normal compaction conditions, usually it is presumed that the relation of the porosity of the deposit layer with the depth is exponential function (Athy, 1930; Allen P.A. and Allen J.R., 1992):
W = oe-cy
in the shallow portion of the basin, the relationship between depth and porosity may be
calculated with the following formula to obtain better fitting degree (Falvey and Middleton,
1981):
1 (p 1 -+ cy (Po
where, yo is the porosity at depth y, yo is surface porosity, and c is a compaction coefficient,
wherein yo and c are related with lithology, and may be obtained through laboratory analysis
and statistical analysis on known data; suppose the top and bottom of the deposit layer are at
depth Y 2 and Yi, and are at depth S 2 and Si after a certain degree of subsidence, the deposition
thickness after compaction is calculated with the following formula (Allen P.A. and Allen J.R.,
1992):
S 2 -S1= Y2 - Y- (e °1- eCY2)+ (e-cs' - e-CS2) C C
As a preferred scheme, the load-isostatic subsidence of sediment comprises:
in the process of basin filling simulation, gravity-isostatic subsidence of the sediment is
considered; suppose the tectonic subsidence of the basin is Y, the basin is filled by water, the
subsidence is S after the water in the basin is replaced by the sediment, only partial isostasy or
Airy isostasy is considered (Turcotte and Ahem, 1977), then:
S =Y xM-P Pm - Ps
where, Y is tectonic subsidence value, Pm, ps, and pw are densities of earth mantle, sediment
and water respectively, then, with flexural isostasy being taken into consideration while
horizontal stress being excluded, the flexural subsidence W(x) incurred by load L(x) may be
expressed as follows (Allen P.A. and Allen J.R., 1992):
d4 w D + (pm - pw)gW(x) = L(x)
where, D 12(12) represents flexural rigidity, which mainly depends on effective elastic
thickness; the flexural isostasy tends to be partial isostasy if the basin is very wide or the
effective elastic thickness is very small.
As a preferred scheme, the geometrical morphology and depositional isostatic surface of the
detrital depositional sequence comprise: the depositional isostatic surface is obtained when the kinetic energy condition of the basin and the depositional geomorphology reach an isostatic state; the rise or fall of the isostatic surface is directly related with the change of the depositional base level; the depositional isostatic surface varies in different environments ranging from terrestrial environment to marine environment, and is related with the energy of different portions of a depositional basin; on a two-dimensional cross section, the depositional isostatic surface is usually represented by a slope on the depositional surface; the depositional isostatic surface may be determined by analysis on the basis of the results of observations made by the predecessors on the modern environment in conjunction with the depositional morphology revealed by seismic profiles after decompaction correction and elimination of tectonic influences; in a modeling process, different depositional tracts or depositional facies tracts may be represented by different depositional slopes or curves; the deposition always occurs from strong to weak, and the corresponding depositional isostatic surface changes from steep to mild gradually.
As a preferred scheme, the depositional sequence of carbonate rocks comprises:
in a carbonate deposition area where the terrigenous detritus is deficient, the deposition rate of carbonates is closely related to photosynthesis and biological growth rate. In a euphotic shallow water zone having a depth of smaller than 6 to 8 meters, plenty of organisms propagate, the deposition rate of carbonate rocks is very high; as the depth increases, the growth rate of carbonate rocks decreases rapidly; the deposition rate of carbonate rocks may be expressed as a function of water depth.
As a preferred scheme, the sequence simulation system for the depositional basin further comprises change of the depositional base level:
in a marine basin, the change of sea level is considered to be generally consistent with the change of depositional base level; in a lake basin, the lake level represents the local depositional base level of the lake basin; the change of depositional base level is controlled by many factors, and often exhibit changes at different levels, which may be reflected by superposition of sinusoidal functions with different amplitudes:
En=1 Ai sin(")' iT
One or more technical schemes provided in the present invention at least have the following
technical effects or advantages:
1. Sequence development and evolution is controlled jointly by factors such as sea level
change, tectonic elevation and subsidence, sediment supply, and climate change, etc. In the
present invention, a conceptual model of a comprehensive sequence simulation software
system is established, so as to distinguish those factors, quantitatively analyze the
controlling effect of each factor on depositional sequence formation process and
geometrical morphology as well as distribution of depositional system, simulate basin
subsidence process and filling process, and verify geological models and make predictions.
The system has important guiding significance for predicting the distribution of favorable
oil and gas reservoirs, and has great economic value in oil and gas exploration.
IV. Description of Drawings
The accompanying drawings are provided to help further understanding of the present
invention, and constitute a part of the description. These drawings are used in conjunction with
the example of the present invention to interpret the present invention, but don't constitute any
limitation to the present invention.
In the figures:
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the depositional sequence simulation process in the sequence
simulation system for a depositional basin in an example of the present invention.
V. Embodiments
To make the objects, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention more obvious,
hereunder the present invention will be further detailed in example, with reference to the
accompanying drawings. It should be appreciated that the example described hereunder are
only provided to interpret the present invention but don't constitute any limitation to the present
invention.
For better understanding of the above technical scheme, hereunder the above technical scheme will be detailed in an embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example:
Please see Fig. 1. In the present invention, a sequence simulation system - sequence stratigraphy modeling system (SSMS) - is established on Windows system. The SSMS consists of two subsystems, i.e., a basin subsidence process simulation subsystem and a basin filling process simulation subsystem, and is a comprehensive simulation system.
The basin subsidence process simulation combines inversed subsidence backstripping with a forward model of basin formation; the basin filling simulation comprehensively considers basin subsidence, gravity-isostatic effect, rise and fall of sea (lake) level, sediment supply, erosion effect, sediment distribution and compaction, etc.
Fig. 1 shows the calculation process of the SSMS. After the original morphology of the basin is set at the beginning, the simulation in each time interval proceeds from "determination of sediment supply" to "sediment compaction"; after n times of repetitions as required by the geological model, simulated sequence stratigraphy structure and depositional facies distribution pattern can be obtained.
1. Tectonic subsidence of the basin
The determination of the tectonic subsidence of the basin is one of the key problems in sequence stratigraphy simulation. Usually, it may be described quantitatively in a forward modeling or reversed modeling approach. In the SSMS software established in the present invention, it may be inputted with the following method: (1) obtaining the subsidence rate with a back-stripping method and using the subsidence rate as a subsidence input for sequence simulation; (2) calculating the subsidence value with an appropriate theoretical model, wherein, for a rift basin, a uniform instantaneous tensile model or cantilever beam model is used to determine the subsidence rate and evolution of the basin; (3) determining the subsidence rate and the change thereof, by the software user, according to the requirement.
2. Sediment compaction
The sediment compaction process is affected by lithology, subsidence rate, and fluid effect, etc.
The lithology often plays a leading role. Under normal compaction conditions, usually it is
presumed that the relation of the porosity of the deposit layer with the depth is exponential
function (Athy, 1930; Allen P.A. and Allen J.R., 1992);
p = poe-y (1)
In the shallow portion of the basin, the relationship between depth and porosity may be
calculated with the following formula to obtain better fitting degree (Falvey and Middleton,
1981):
p = 1 (2)
where, yo is the porosity at depth y, yo is surface porosity, and c is a compaction coefficient,
wherein yo and c are related with lithology, and may be obtained through laboratory analysis
and statistical analysis on known data. Suppose the top and bottom of the deposit layer are at
depth Y 2 and Yi, and are at depth S 2 and Si after a certain degree of subsidence, the deposition
thickness after compaction is calculated with the following formula (Allen P.A. and Allen J.R.,
1992):
S 2 - S1 = Y2 - Y1 - WC (e-c - e-C2) + C (e-cs' - e-cS2) (3)
3. Load-isostatic subsidence of sediment
In the process of basin filling simulation, gravity-isostatic subsidence of the sediment must be
considered. Suppose the tectonic subsidence of the basin is Y (water filling), the subsidence is
S after the water in the basin is replaced by the sediment, and only partial isostasy or Airy
isostasy is considered (Turcotte and Ahem, 1977), then:
S Yx P"'PW (4) Pm-Ps
where, Y is tectonic subsidence value, Pm, ps, and pw are densities of earth mantle, sediment
and water respectively, then, with flexural isostasy being taken into consideration while
horizontal stress being excluded, the flexural subsidence W(x) incurred by load L(x) may be
expressed as follows:
D d+ (p - pw)gW(x) = L(x) (5) ET3
where, D 12(12) represents flexural rigidity, which mainly depends on effective elastic
thickness (Te); the flexural isostasy tends to be partial isostasy if the basin is very wide or the
effective elastic thickness is very small.
4. Geometrical morphology of the depositional sequence
There are many technical routes and methods for basin filling simulation, and the selection of
them depends on the purpose, scale and object of the simulation. The simulation focusing on
sediment transportation and dispersion as well as accumulation process is often described in a
hydrodynamic approach; the simulation aiming at analyzing the relationship between the
macroscopic process and the geometrical morphology of the depositional sequence is often
described in a geometric approach. The SSMS software established in this study is mainly for
the purpose of simulating the geometrical morphology and distribution of the depositional
system.
(1) Geometrical morphology and depositional isostasy surface of detrital depositional
sequence
The detrital depositional sequence and the morphology and distribution of the sedimentary
bodies are overall results of various depositional stresses and tectonic actions before sediment
transportation, accumulation, reconstruction, and burial. We don't care about the specific
processes of those actions, but focus on the overall results of those actions, i.e., the depositional
sequence produced by their interaction in a certain period and the external morphology and
internal constitution characteristic of the sedimentary bodies. Under an isostatic condition, the
geometrical relationship of the sedimentary bodies and the overall lithofacies pattern usually
can be described by the so-called "depositional isostasy surface (equilibrium profile)".
The concept of depositional isostasy surface has a long history. Early in 1875, Powell proposed
that there is an equilibrium interface in river undercutting, which is referred to as "depositional
base level". However, the concept was not applied systematically in the geometrical
morphology analysis of sedimentary bodies until the birth of sequence stratigraphy. In fact, the depositional isostasy surface means that the kinetic energy condition of the basin and the depositional geomorphology reach an isostatic state. The rise or fall of the isostatic surface is directly related with the change of the depositional base level. The depositional isostatic surface varies in different environments ranging from terrestrial environment to marine environment, and is related with energy in different portions of a depositional basin. On a two-dimensional cross section, the depositional isostatic surface is usually represented by a slope on the depositional surface. The depositional isostatic surface may be determined by analysis on the basis of the results of observations made by the predecessors on the modern environment in conjunction with the depositional morphology revealed by seismic profiles after decompaction and elimination of tectonic influences. Cant et al. applied that concept in detailed geometrical analysis of depositional sequence, sequence interface, and distribution of depositional facies.
In the modeling process, different depositional tracts or depositional facies tracts may be represented by different depositional slopes or curves. The deposition always occurs from strong to weak, and the corresponding depositional isostatic surface (slope) changes from steep to mild gradually.
For example, there is a trend that the depositional kinetic energy changes from strong to weak and the depositional isostatic surface changes from steep to mild gradually, from alluvial fan to river plain, from littoral zone or delta front to infra-littoral zone, and from continental slope to abyssal plain, etc. Generally speaking, the deposition velocity at the distal end of the detrital deposition system decreases exponentially. In a simplified form, the depositional slope of each depositional tract may be represented by the following formula:
f(x) = Ax + B, if a < x b (proximal end) (6)
f(x) = Toec, if b < x c (distal end) (7)
where, A, B, and To are constant, and a and c define a depositional tract. On a two-dimensional cross section, the lateral area side of the depositional sequence may be expressed as:
SI = DS = fa ff(x)dx (8)
where, the amount of sediment supplied from the outside to the inside of the basin is SI, and the corresponding sediment accumulated in the basin is DS; ff(x) is a function describing the cross section of the depositional sequence, which is defined by the top and bottom interfaces (depositional isostatic surface) of the depositional sequence.
(2) Depositional sequence of carbonate rocks
In a carbonate deposition area where the terrigenous detritus is deficient, the deposition rate of carbonates is closely related to photosynthesis and biological growth rate. In a euphotic shallow water zone having a depth of smaller than 6 to 8 meters, plenty of organisms propagate, the deposition rate of carbonate rocks is very high; as the depth increases, the growth rate of carbonate rocks decreases rapidly; specifically, the deposition rate of carbonate rocks may be expressed as a function of water depth. On a macroscopic scale, that relationship can be used to simulate the relationship among the geometrical morphology of the depositional sequence of carbonate rocks, the tectonic subsidence, and sea level rise and fall. Suppose the deposition rate of carbonate rocks is ff(v), the deposition time is t, then the deposition thickness h is expressed by the following formula:
H = foff(v)dt (9)
5. Change of depositional base level
In a marine basin, the change of sea level is considered to be generally consistent with the change of depositional base level; in a lake basin, the lake level represents the local depositional base level of the lake basin. The change of depositional base level is controlled by many factors, and often exhibit change at different levels, which may be reflected by superposition of sinusoidal functions with different amplitudes:
2= Ai sin(-) (10)
6. Analysis of simulation examples
Relatively stable littoral facies deposition is often developed in the post-rift stage of divergent continental margin or rift basin. In those zones, the fluctuation of the sea level may be the dominant factor that controls the development of Level 3 to Level 4 sequences. Researches have shown: under the condition that the sediment supply rate and the tectonic subsidence rate are constant or change little, by changing the sea level, two classical sequence interfaces and sequence types can be simulated with SSMS, namely the so-called type I and typeII sequences. The interface of type I sequence can be realized by setting a rapid sea level drop. The sea level must drop to be lower than a slope break point. The deposition only happens at the seaward side of the slope break point. A Type II sequence interface is formed when the sea level remains unchanged or falls but higher than the slope break point. Hereunder the use and function of the SSMS simulation system will be described in the simulation analysis of the post-rift sequence development process of a divergent continental margin basin.
In the post-rift stage of divergent continental margin or rift basin, the basin subsidence is related to thermal attenuation, and the subsidence rate decreases exponentially with time. For section 1, the subsidence rate is attenuated from initial value of 65m/Ma to 20-25m/Ma after 25Ma. The sea level changes in symmetrical Sin periods, and the fluctuation amplitude is ±200m. The depositional slope (isostatic surface) is 0.07 for continent, 0.005 for littoral plain, 0.04 for offshore tract with a maximum depth of 250m, and 0.08 for continental slope with a maximum depth of 1,200m. At the same time, it is presumed that there is enough time for the deposition or erosion to reach an equiponderant state when the sea level rises or falls. The relative sea level which is obtained through superposition of tectonic subsidence and sea level change and its relationship with depositional system tract are provided by the simulation. It is not difficult to see that three sequence interfaces are formed from erosion surface during three low sea level periods. The top of the highstand system tract is obviously eroded (to an equilibrium state), while the lowstand system tract and transgressive system tract are well preserved. The early developed sequence is in the early stage of thermal attenuation and subsidence, and the subsidence rate is relatively high, forming a system tract with overall rapid water transgression. The three system tracts are well developed in the middle sequence. As the subsidence rate decreases gradually, the deposition center migrates toward the basin.
Simulation experiments may be carried out by changing the tectonic subsidence rate and the sea level fluctuation amplitude respectively, in order to analyze the influences of tectonic subsidence rate and sea level fluctuation amplitude on sequence structure and sequence
(interface) type.
When the fluctuation amplitude of sea level is increased from 200m to 250m, the increase
of the fluctuation amplitude of sea level makes the depositional system obviously advance
toward the sea when the sea level drops, which is beneficial for the development of low-stand
tracts and the formation of type I sequence; when the sea level rises, offlap of the depositional
system toward the land is obvious, and the depositional system migrates for a long distance;
thus, a depositional sequence structure with obvious transgression and regression, which is
remarkably different from the section 1, is formed.
The subsidence rate is decreased from initial value of 120m/Ma to 20-25m/Ma, while the other
conditions are the same as those in the simulation of section 1. The rapid subsidence leads to a
great rise of the relative sea level, and a deep-water basin is formed outside the slope. The
developed sequence is mainly a type II sequence, in which the marginal system tract and
lowstand system tract are developed poorly or not developed at all. <
In the end, it should be noted: what described above are only some preferred examples of the
present invention, and should not be deemed as constituting any limitation to the present
invention. Though the present invention is described and illustrated in detail with reference to
the above examples, those skilled in the art can also make modifications to the technical scheme
described in the above examples or make equivalent replacement for some technical features.
Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement, which are made without departing
from the spirit and the principle of the present invention, shall be deemed as falling into the
scope of protection of the present invention.
In compliance with the statute, the invention has been described in language more or less
specific to structural or methodical features. The term "comprises" and its variations, such as
"comprising" and "comprised of' is used throughout in an inclusive sense and not to the
exclusion of any additional features.
Claims (7)
- Claims1 A simulation system for depositional sequence formation and evolution, comprising basinsubsidence process simulation and basin filling process simulation, wherein the basinsubsidence process simulation comprises:tectonic subsidence of the basin;sediment compaction;load-isostatic subsidence of sediment;geometrical morphology of the depositional sequence;the basin filling process simulation comprises:geometrical morphology and depositional isostatic surface of detrital depositionalsequence;depositional sequence of carbonate rocks.
- 2. The simulation system for depositional sequence formation and evolution according toclaim 1, wherein the tectonic subsidence of the basin is inputted with the following method:obtaining the subsidence rate with a back-stripping method and using the subsidence rateas a subsidence input for sequence simulation;calculating the subsidence value with an appropriate theoretical model, wherein, for a riftbasin, a uniform instantaneous tensile model or cantilever beam model is used todetermine the subsidence rate and evolution of the basin;determining the subsidence rate and the change thereof, by the software user, accordingto the requirement.
- 3. The simulation system for depositional sequence formation and evolution according toclaim 1, wherein the sediment compaction comprises: the sediment compaction process is affected by lithology, subsidence rate, and fluid action, and, under normal compaction conditions, usually it is presumed that the relation of porosity of the deposit layer with the depth is exponential function:Wp = (poe-'Yin the shallow portion of the basin, the relationship between depth and porosity may be calculated with the following formula to obtain better fitting degree:1 (p 1 +cy (Powhere, p is the porosity at depth y, po is surface porosity, and c is a compaction coefficient, wherein yo and c is related with lithology, and may be obtained through laboratory analysis and statistical analysis on known data; suppose the top and bottom of the deposit layer are at depth Y 2 and Yi, and are at depth S 2 and Si after a certain degree of subsidence, the deposition thickness after compaction is calculated with the following formula:S2 - S1 = Y2 - Y1 - L C (e-l - e-CY2) + C (e-cs' - e-CS2)
- 4. The simulation system for depositional sequence formation and evolution according to claim 1, wherein the load-isostatic subsidence of sediment comprises:in the process of basin filling simulation, gravity-isostatic subsidence of the sediment is considered; suppose the tectonic subsidence of the basin is Y, the basin is filled by water, the subsidence is S after the water in the basin is replaced by the sediment, only partial isostasy orAiry isostasy is considered, then:S =Y xM-P Pm - Pswhere, Y is tectonic subsidence value, pm, ps, and pw are densities of earth mantle,sediment and water respectively, then, with flexural isostasy being taken into consideration while horizontal stress being excluded, the flexural subsidence W(x) incurred by load L(x) may be expressed as follows: d4 w D -+ (p - pw)gW(x) = L(x) where, D=12(1v 2 ) represents flexural rigidity, which mainly depends on effective elastic thickness Te; the flexural isostasy tends to be partial isostasy if the basin is very wide or the effective elastic thickness is very small.
- 5. The simulation system for depositional sequence formation and evolution according to claim 1, wherein the geometrical morphology and depositional isostatic surface of the detrital depositional sequence comprises:the depositional isostatic surface is obtained when the kinetic energy condition of the basin and the depositional geomorphology reach an isostatic state; the rise or fall of the isostatic surface is directly related with the change of the depositional base level; the depositional isostatic surface varies in different environments ranging from terrestrial environment to marine environment, and is related with the energy of different portions of a depositional basin; on a two-dimensional cross section, the depositional isostatic surface is usually represented by a slope on the depositional surface; the depositional isostatic surface may be determined by analysis on the basis of the results of observations made by the predecessors on the modern environment in conjunction with the depositional morphology revealed by seismic profiles after decompaction correction and elimination of tectonic influences;in a modeling process, different depositional tracts or depositional facies tracts may be represented by different depositional slopes or curves; the deposition always occurs from strong to weak, and the corresponding depositional isostatic surface changes from steep to mild gradually.
- 6. The simulation system for depositional sequence formation and evolution according to claim 1, wherein the depositional sequence of carbonate rocks comprises:in a carbonate deposition area where the terrigenous detritus is deficient, the deposition rate of carbonates is closely related to photosynthesis and biological growth rate, in a euphotic shallow water zone having a depth of smaller than 6-8m, plenty of organisms propagate, the deposition rate of carbonate rocks is very high; as the depth increases, the growth rate of carbonate rocks decreases rapidly; the deposition rate of carbonate rocks may be expressed as a function of water depth.
- 7. The simulation system for depositional sequence formation and evolution according toclaim 1, further comprising the change of depositional base level:in a marine basin, the change of sea level is considered to be generally consistent withthe change of depositional base level; in a lake basin, the lake level represents the localdepositional base level of the lake basin; the change of depositional base level iscontrolled by many factors, and often exhibit change at different levels, which may bereflected by superposition of sinusoidal functions with different amplitudes:E A s I
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