AU2019481267B2 - Experiment system and experiment method for recognizing planar complex structure model plastic zone - Google Patents
Experiment system and experiment method for recognizing planar complex structure model plastic zone Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/24—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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Abstract
An experiment system and experiment method for recognizing a planar complex structure model plastic zone. In experiment, a planar complex structure experiment model in the present invention is placed in a loading box containing a refractive index-matching fluid, a loading experimental machine is controlled by using a control means to apply a two-way pressure to the planar model, and moreover, by combining a white light four phase-shift method and a monochromatic light six phase-shift method, isoclinic line and isochromatic line fringe images of the model are respectively obtained; the control means can obtain an overall fringe order of the planar complex structure experiment model on the basis of the obtained fringe images, and the obtained result is substituted into the formula for calculation; quantitative division of plastic zones is automatically performed on the model according to the result. The present invention can conveniently, quickly and accurately recognize ranges of plastic zones of a two-dimensional complex structure model under a two-way loading condition.
Description
[0001] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of strain field measurement, and in particular to an experimental system for identifying a plastic zone of a model of a planar complex structure.
[0002] In fields of mining, petroleum, geology and civil engineering, catastrophic phenomena, such as ground pressure crash, rock burst, large deformation of surrounding rocks, roof caving, fault slip, mining tremor, fracture extension, wellbore instability, rock slide, dam foundation inrush and water inrush, have a close relation to the plastic deformation of rock mass. Therefore, quantitative identification and characterization of a plastic deformation and a distribution range of plastic zones are of great significance for solving the above-mentioned engineering problems.
[0003] At present, a mainstream method for identifying and characterizing a plastic deformation zone of a complex structure model is the numerical simulation. However, due to the influence of boundary condition, material parameter selection, model accuracy, unit size, interface condition, constitutive relation, and calculation efficiency, there has been widespread controversy over the accuracy and applicability of a simulation result. In particular, the numerical simulation result is difficult to be verified through physical model experiment.
[0004] However, due to the complexity and difficulty of the preparation process of the complex structure model, and the prone to machining stress, it is often difficult to carry out the physical identification experiment of the plastic zone. There are a large number of complex structures with complex geometric shapes inside a natural rock mass structure, such as pores, cracks, joints or faults, thus it is very difficult to accurately describe and characterize these complex structures, let alone accurately prepare a physical model of the complex rock mass structure. At present, it is still at an exploratory stage to use the physical model experiment method to quantitatively characterize and identify a plastic zone of a complex structure. So far, there has not been an experimental system and measurement method for quantitatively identifying a plastic zone of a complex model under a plane loading condition. How to use the physical model experiment method to accurately identify and quantitatively characterize a plastic deformation of a complex structure of a rock mass and a distribution range of plastic zones has become the core and foundation for solving key problems in the engineering field.
[0005] In response to the urgent need to solve a series of complex problems in the engineering field, it is required to develop a physical model experiment method with an accuracy, effectiveness and convenience to quantitatively characterize and identify characteristics and distribution evolution law of plastic zones of a complex structure under the plane loading condition.
[0006] An objective of the present disclosure is to provide an experimental system, which can effectively determine a plastic zone of a geological body structure.
[0007] There is provided an experimental system for identifying a plastic deformation zone of a model of a planar complex structure, wherein the experimental system comprises:
a 3D printer, configured to print an experimental model of a planar complex structure meeting an experimental requirement;
a loading box comprising a box body formed with an experimental cavity, wherein the experimental cavity is configured to place the experimental model of the planar complex structure and accommodate refractive index matching liquid that matches the experimental model of the planar complex structure; wherein, the refractive index matching liquid is configured to compensate for an uneven thickness of the experimental model of the planar complex structure during experiment, wherein the box body has six surfaces which are first to sixth surfaces, wherein the first and second surfaces are opposite to each other, the third and fourth surfaces are opposite to each other, and the fifth and sixth surfaces are opposite to each other, wherein four through holes are respectively provided on the first to fourth surfaces of the box body; each of the through holes is mounted with a force transfer component, wherein the force transfer component comprises an adapter plate, a guide rod and a slide table connected in sequence, wherein the adapter plate is located outside the box body and is configured to connect with a force-applying part of a loading test machine; each guide rod is in seal-sliding contact with each through-hole around each guide rod's circumference; the slide table is located inside the box body, and the slide table has an abutting surface in contact with the experimental model of the planar complex structure; the loading test system, configured to apply a force meeting the experimental requirement on the experimental model of the planar complex structure, wherein the loading test system comprises a biaxial synchronous planar loading test machine, the biaxial synchronous planar loading test machine comprises two sets of indenters, and each set of indenters comprises two coaxial and oppositely arranged indenters, the two sets of indenters are defined as a first indenter set and a second indenter set, respectively, two indenters of the first indenter set can apply a compressive force towards each other along their common axis, and two indenters of the second indenter set can apply a compressive force towards each other along their common axis, wherein the common axis between the two indenters of the first indenter set is perpendicular to the common axis between the two indenters of the second indenter set; a transmission photo-elastic experimental system comprising a white light source, two monochromatic light sources and a lens, wherein the transmission photo-elastic experimental system is configured to obtain isoclinic and isochromatic fringe patterns of the experimental model of the planar complex structure under white light and different monochromatic light -0 sources respectively according to phase shift methods; a control apparatus, configured to obtain a fringe order N under each monochromatic light according to the obtained isoclinic and isochromatic fringe patterns, and determine a plastic deformation zone of the experimental model of the planar complex structure according to a pre-stored analysis module, wherein, the experimental model of the planar complex structure is light transmittable, wherein the pre-stored analysis module is specifically configured to: calculate according to a formula D= ( (N) -(N') (N1 , wherein the area is an elastic deformation zone if D is 2 (NA), equal to zero, and the area is a plastic deformation zone if D is greater than zero, wherein (NA), is a product of a wavelength A of a first monochromatic light and a fringe order N of the model under a first monochromatic light source, and (NA) 2 is a product of a wavelength A of a second monochromatic light and a fringe order N of the model under a second monochromatic light source.
[0008] There is provided an experimental method for identifying a plastic deformation zone of a model of a planar complex structure, wherein the experimental method comprises:
printing, by a 3D printer, a transparent experimental model of a planar complex structure meeting an experiment requirement;
placing the experimental model of the planar complex structure in a loading box, and injecting transparent refractive index matching liquid into the loading box, wherein a refractive index of the refractive index matching liquid is the same as a refractive index of the experimental model of the planar complex structure, so as to compensate for an uneven thickness of the experimental model of the planar complex structure during an experiment, wherein a box body is comprised in the loading box, and the box body has six surfaces which are first to sixth surfaces, wherein the first and second surfaces are opposite to each other, the third and fourth surfaces are opposite to each other, and the fifth and sixth surfaces are opposite to each other, wherein four through holes are respectively provided on the first to fourth surfaces of the box body, each of the through holes is mounted with a force transfer component, the force transfer component comprises an adapter plate, a guide rod and a slide table connected in sequence, the adapter plate is located outside the box body and is configured to connect with a force-applying part of a loading test machine, each guide rod is in seal-sliding contact with each through hole around each guide rod's circumference, the slide table is located inside the box body, and the slide table has an abutting surface in contact with the experimental model of the planar complex structure;
controlling the loading test system to apply force along a first direction and a second direction on the experimental model of the planar complex structure located inside the loading box, and obtaining isoclinic and isochromatic fringe patterns of the experimental model of the planar complex structure under white light and two different monochromatic light sources respectively according to phase shift methods, wherein the loading test system comprises a biaxial synchronous planar loading test machine, and the biaxial synchronous planar loading test machine comprises two sets of indenters, each set of indenters comprises two coaxial and oppositely-arranged indenters, wherein the two sets of indenters are defined as a first indenter set and a second indenter set, respectively; two indenters of the first indenter set can apply a compressive force towards each other along their common axis, and two indenters of the second indenter set can apply a compressive force towards each other along their common axis, wherein the common axis between the two indenters of the first indenter set is parallel to the first direction, and the common axis between the two indenters of the second indenter set is parallel to the second direction, wherein the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction; obtaining a fringe order N under each light source according to the obtained isoclinic and isochromatic fringe patterns, and determining a plastic deformation zone of the experimental model of the planar complex structure according to a pre-stored analysis module, wherein the experimental model of the planar complex structure is light transmittable.
[0009] An experimental system for identifying a plastic zone of a model of a planar complex structure is provided according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The experimental system includes:
a 3D printer, configured to print an experimental model of a planar complex structure meeting an experimental requirement;
a loading box including a box body formed with an experimental cavity, where the experimental cavity is configured to place the experimental model of the planar complex structure and accommodate refractive index matching liquid that matches the experimental model of the planar complex structure, the refractive index matching liquid is configured to compensate for an uneven thickness of the experimental model of the planar complex structure during an experiment;
a loading test machine, configured to apply a force meeting the experimental requirement on the experimental model of the planar complex structure;
a transmission photo-elastic experimental system, including a white light source and two monochromatic light sources and configured to obtain isoclinic and isochromatic fringe pictures of the experimental model of the planar complex structure under different monochromatic light sources respectively according to a phase shift method;
a control apparatus, configured to obtain a fringe order N under each monochromatic light according to the obtained isoclinic and isochromatic fringe pictures, and determine a plastic zone of the experimental model of the planar complex structure according to a pre-stored analysis module, a maximum thickness of the experimental model of the planar complex structure meets a light transmission requirement of the transmission photo-elastic experimental system.
[0010] In an embodiment, two transparent parts are arranged oppositely on front and rear side walls of the box body, so as to transmit light emitted by the transmission photo-elastic experimental system.
[0011] In an embodiment, a material of the transparent parts is transparent quartz glass.
[0012] In an embodiment, a through hole is provided on each of left and right side walls and upper and lower side walls of the box body, and the through hole is mounted with a force transfer component. The force transfer component includes an adapter plate, a guide rod and a slide table connected in sequence. The adapter plate is located outside the box body and is configured to connect with a force-applying part of the loading test machine. The guide rod is in seal-sliding with the through-hole along circumference. The slide table is located inside the box body, and the slide table has an abutting surface in contact with the experimental model of the planar complex structure.
[0013] In an embodiment, the experimental system further includes a dovetail component. The guide rod is connected to the slide table through the dovetail component. The slide table has a dovetail groove that opens toward the guide rod, and the dovetail component is located inside the dovetail groove. A ball is arranged between the dovetail component and a bottom of the dovetail groove.
[0014] In an embodiment, the force transfer component further includes a press plate, a copper sleeve, an oil seal and a seal ring. The guide rod is in seal-sliding with the through hole along circumference through the oil seal and the seal ring. The press plate and the copper sleeve are arranged between the adapter plate and an outer wall of the box body.
[0015] In an embodiment, the loading test machine is a biaxial synchronous planar loading test machine, and includes two sets of indenters. Each set of indenters includes two coaxial and oppositely arranged indenters, and axial directions of the two sets of indenters are perpendicular to each other.
[0016] In an embodiment, the pre-stored analysis module is specifically configured to: calculate according to a formulaD- (NA) - (NA) 2 , where the area is an elastic zone if D is (NA), equal to zero, and the area is a plastic zone if D is greater than zero, where (NA), is a product of a wavelength A of a monochromatic light and a fringe order N of the corresponding model under a first monochromatic light source, and (NA) 2 is a product of a wavelength A of a monochromatic light and a fringe order N of the corresponding model under a second monochromatic light source.
[0017] In addition, an experimental method for identifying a plastic zone of a model of a planar complex structure is further provided according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The experimental method includes:
printing, by a 3D printer, a transparent experimental model of a planar complex structure meeting an experiment requirement;
placing the experimental model of the planar complex structure in a loading box, and injecting transparent refractive index matching liquid into the loading box, where a refractive index of the refractive index matching liquid is the same as a refractive index of the experimental model of the planar complex structure, so as to compensate for an uneven thickness of the experimental model of the planar complex structure during an experiment;
controlling a loading test machine to apply a force along a first direction and a second direction on the experimental model of the planar complex structure located inside the loading box, and obtaining isoclinic and isochromatic fringe pictures of the experimental model of the planar complex structure under white light and two different monochromatic light sources respectively according to a phase shift method;
obtaining a fringe order Nunder each light source according to the obtained isoclinic and isochromatic fringe pictures, and determining a plastic zone of a stress concentration area of the experimental model of the planar complex structure according to a pre-stored analysis module,
a maximum thickness of the experimental model of the planar complex structure meets a light transmission requirement.
[0018] In an embodiment, the experimental method includes: capturing four phase-shift pictures based on a four-step phase shift method for white light, and capturing six phase-shift pictures for each of two monochromatic lights based on a six-step phase shift method for monochromatic light; calculating according to a formulaD= 2 (N) , where the area is an elastic zone (N) if D is equal to zero, and the area is a plastic zone if D is greater than zero, where (NA), is a product of a wavelength 2 of a monochromatic light and a fringe order N of the corresponding model under a first monochromatic light source, and (NA)2 is a product of a wavelength 2 of a monochromatic light and a fringe order N of the corresponding model under a second monochromatic light source.
[0019] During the experiment, the experimental model of the planar complex structure is placed in the loading box containing a refractive index matching liquid, and then a bidirectional force is applied to the planar model by controlling the loading test machine through the control apparatus. Meanwhile, the isoclinic and isochromatic fringe pictures of the model are acquired according to the four-step phase shift method for white light and the six-step phase shift method for monochromatic light respectively. The control apparatus can obtain the fringe order of the experimental model of the planar complex structure in the whole field according to the obtained pictures, take the obtained results into the above formula for calculation, and automatically make a quantitative division on the plastic zone of the model according to the obtained results. A range of the plastic zone of a two-dimensional complex structure model can be identified conveniently, quickly and accurately under a bidirectional loading condition in the present disclosure.
[0020] Figure 1 is a structural block diagram of an experimental system for identifying a plastic zone of a model of a planar complex structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0021] Figure 2 is a schematic exploded structural diagram of a loading box according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0022] Figure 3 is a schematic positional diagram of four slide tables and an experimental model of a planar complex structure under a force-applying state according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0023] Figure 4 is an optical path diagram of a four-step phase shift method for white light according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; and
[0024] Figure 5 is an optical path diagram of a six-step phase shift method for monochromatic light according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0025] Reference numerals in Figure 2 to Figure 3 are listed as follows:
1-adapter plate; 2-press plate; 3-copper sleeve; 4-oil seal; 5-seal ring; 6-guide rod; 7-dovetail component; 8-baffle plate; 9-slide table; 91-first slide table; 92-second slide table; 93-third slide table; 94-fourth slide table; 10-box body; 11-quartz window; 12-upper cover; 13-sealing strip, and
20-experimental model of planar complex structure.
[0026] In order to enable those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions of the present disclosure, hereinafter a further detailed illustration on the present disclosure will be made in conjunction with an experimental method, an experimental system, drawings and specific embodiments.
[0027] Reference is made to Figure 1 and Figure 2. Figure 1 is a structural block diagram of an experimental system for identifying a plastic zone of a model of a planar complex structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and Figure 2 is a schematic exploded structural diagram of a loading box according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0028] An experimental system for identifying a plastic zone of a model of a planar complex structure is provided in the present disclosure. The experimental system includes a 3D printer, a loading test machine, a loading box, a transmission photo-elastic experimental system and a control apparatus.
[0029] The 3D printer is used to print an experimental model 20 of a planar complex structure that meets an experiment requirement. Preferably, the experimental model 20 of the planar complex structure is formed of a transparent material. For example, the experimental model 20 of the planar complex structure may be printed by using a transparent photosensitive resin material with a temporary birefringence effect, and various complex structures may be embedded inside the experimental model 20 of the planar complex structure, such as particles, pores, cracks, joints and the like. A mathematical model of the experimental model 20 of the planar complex structure may be reconstructed by making a CT (Computed tomography) scanning on a real geological body, or may be manually constructed by software. The cross-section of the experimental model 20 of the planar complex structure in Figure 3 only schematically shows voids and cracks of different structures. Apparently, the internal structure of the experimental model 20 of the planar complex structure is not limited to those shown in the drawings herein, and may also be other square structures.
[0030] It should be noted that the temporary birefringence effect means that the material has no birefringence effect in an unstressed state; when the material produces a stress, there will be a birefringence effect; and when the stress is relieved, the birefringence effect disappears. The temporary birefringence is a basis for photo-elasticity testing.
[0031] In a specific experiment of the present disclosure, the printed material may be VeroClear, and the embedded complex structure may be filled with a low-intensity support material SUP706. The printed experimental model presents high transparency, surface flatness and better stress sensitivity through an overall grinding and polishing.
[0032] In preparing the structure of the experimental model 20 of the planar complex structure, the experimental model may be reduced according to an actual engineering geological parameter and a similarity theory, so as to determine an appropriate model size. Specifically, the embedded complex structure may be chosen to have different shapes depending on different research purposes.
[0033] The printing of the experimental model 20 of the planar complex structure by obtaining a mathematical model through CT scanning is the conventional technology, and will not be described in detail herein.
[0034] The loading test machine is mainly used to apply a force that meets the experimental requirement on the experimental model 20 of the planar complex structure. The force may be a uniaxial force, a biaxial force or a force in more directions. The biaxial force is taken as an example herein to introduce the technical solutions and technical effects.
[0035] Preferably, the loading test machine for applying a biaxial force is a biaxial synchronous planar loading test machine. The biaxial synchronous planar loading test machine includes two sets of indenters, and each set of indenters includes two coaxial and oppositely arranged indenters. The two sets of indenters are defined as a first indenter set and a second indenter set, respectively. Two indenters of the first indenter set may apply a force in a first direction, and two indenters of the second indenter set may apply a force in a second direction. Preferably, the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction herein. The first direction may be a horizontal direction, and for example, the direction of F2 and F4 in Figure 3 is the first direction. The second direction may be a vertical direction, such as the direction of F Iand F3.
[0036] In the present disclosure, the loading box includes a box body formed with an experimental cavity, and the experimental cavity is configured to place the experimental model 20 of the planar complex structure and accommodate refractive index matching liquid that matches the experimental model 20 of the planar complex structure. The refractive index matching liquid is configured to compensate for an uneven thickness of the experimental model 20 of the planar complex structure during an experiment.
[0037] When being stressed during the experiment, the experimental model 20 of the planar complex structure will produce plastic deformation, and the thickness of the experimental model 20 of the planar complex structure will change unevenly. In order to avoid refraction of light in the place where the thickness is uneven in the subsequent transmission photo-elastic -0 experimental system, and due to larger stress and more fringe orders in a plastic zone, the refractive index matching liquid can compensate for the uneven thickness of the model, so as to make the thickness of each part of the model uniform. Therefore, refraction of light at the place where the thickness of the model is uneven is eliminated, so as to identify more and clearer fringes.
[0038] Preferably, the refractive index matching liquid is a uniform transparent solution with the same refractive index as the experimental model 20 of the planar complex structure in the present disclosure.
[0039] The transmission photo-elastic experimental system includes a white light source, two monochromatic light sources and a lens, and may obtain isoclinic and isochromatic fringe pictures of the experimental model 20 of the planar complex structure under white light and different monochromatic light sources respectively according to a phase shift method. The transmission photo-elastic experimental system includes a camera, a light source, and a photo-elastic instrument including various lenses. The photo-elastic instrument includes an analyzer A, a polarizer P, a first quarter-wave plate Qp lens group, and a second quarter-wave plate QA lens group. Preferably, the camera herein is a CCD (charge coupled device) camera.
[0040] In a specific embodiment, the transmission photo-elastic experimental system may emit white light and two monochromatic lights. Four phase-shift pictures may be captured by a four-step phase shift method for white light, and six phase-shift pictures may be captured for each of the two monochromatic lights by a six-step phase shift method for the monochromatic light. The pictures obtained above are used for the subsequent research and analysis by the control apparatus. The optical path diagram of the four-step phase shift method for white light may be referred to Figure 4, and the optical path diagram of the six-step phase shift method for the monochromatic light may be referred to Figure 5.
[0041] The control apparatus is configured to obtain a fringe order N under each monochromatic light according to the obtained isoclinic and isochromatic fringe pictures, and determine a plastic zone of a stress concentration area of the experimental model 20 of the planar complex structure according to a pre-stored analysis module.
[0042] The fringe order N may be obtained by a software built in the control apparatus which automatically determines the fringe order N of the model under each of two different monochromatic lights.
[0043] In the present disclosure, the pre-stored analysis module may be specifically
configured to: calculate according to a formula D= (NA) - (NA)22 . The area is an elastic (N)
zone if D is equal to zero, and the area is a plastic zone if D is greater than zero.
[0044] Where (NA), is a product of a wavelength A of a monochromatic light and a
fringe order N of the corresponding model under a first monochromatic light source, and
(NA) 2 is a product of a wavelength A of a monochromatic light and a fringe order N of the
corresponding model under a second monochromatic light source.
[0045] In addition, an experimental method for identifying a plastic zone of a model of a planar complex structure is provided in the present disclosure. The method includes the following steps.
[0046] In step Si0, a transparent experimental model 20 of a planar complex structure meeting an experiment requirement is printed by a 3D printer. A maximum thickness of the experimental model 20 of the planar complex structure meets a light transmission requirement.
[0047] In step S11, the experimental model 20 of the planar complex structure is placed in a loading box, and transparent refractive index matching liquid is injected into the loading box. A refractive index of the refractive index matching liquid is the same as a refractive index of the experimental model 20 of the planar complex structure, so as to compensate for an uneven thickness of the experimental model 20 of the planar complex structure during an experiment.
[0048] In step S12, a loading test machine is controlled to apply a force along a first direction and a second direction on the experimental model 20 of the planar complex structure located inside the loading box, and isoclinic and isochromatic fringe pictures of the experimental model 20 of the planar complex structure are obtained under white light and different monochromatic light sources respectively according to a phase shift method.
[0049] Specifically, four phase-shift pictures may be captured according to a four-step phase shift method for white light, and six phase-shift pictures may be captured according to a six-step phase shift method for monochromatic light. During the experiment, the light source and the CCD camera are turned on. The angle and the exposure time of the camera are adjusted to ensure that the captured pictures are not overexposed or underexposed. A bidirectional stress is applied to the model by the biaxial synchronous loading test machine, and when it reaches a set stress value, the loading is stopped.
[0050] Figure 4 is an optical path diagram of the four-step phase shift method for white light. A rotation angle P is separately set to be equal to 0, 7/8, U/4 and 37/8 to obtain four photo-elastic fringe pictures with different polarization angles. Then, the two monochromatic lights are switched to be the light source. Figure 5 is an optical path diagram of the six-step phase shift method for monochromatic light. The angles y of wave plates in the quarter-wave plate lens group of the polarizer are set to be equal to 0, 0, 0, 7/4, [/2, 3[/4 in sequence. The angles P of wave plates in the corresponding analyzer lens group are set to be equal to [/4, 37u/4, 0, u/4, u/2, 3u/4 in sequence. Six photo-elastic fringe pictures with different polarization angles are captured.
[0051] In step S13, a fringe order Nunder each monochromatic light is obtained according to the obtained isoclinic and isochromatic fringe pictures, and a plastic zone of a stress concentration area of the experimental model 20 of the planar complex structure is determined according to a pre-stored analysis module.
[0052] Specifically, it may be calculated according to a formulaD= (NA)l - (NA) 2 . In a (N2),
case that D is equal to zero, the area is an elastic zone, and in a case that D is greater than zero,
the area is a plastic zone.
[0053] Where (NA), is a product of a wavelength A of a monochromatic light and a fringe order N of the corresponding model under a first monochromatic light source, and (NA)2 is a product of a wavelength A of a monochromatic light and a fringe order N of the corresponding model under a second monochromatic light source.
[0054] The present disclosure simply gives a specific experimental method. The above steps may not be performed in the above order, and the execution order may be adjusted.
[0055] It can be seen from the above description that the experimental model 20 of the planar complex structure is placed in the loading box containing refractive index matching liquid, and then the loading test machine is controlled by a control apparatus to apply a bidirectional force to the planar model. Meanwhile, the isoclinic and isochromatic fringe pictures of the model are obtained by the four-step phase shift method for white light and the six-step phase shift method for monochromatic light. The control apparatus may obtain the fringe order of the experimental model 20 of the planar complex structure in the whole field according to the obtained pictures, take the obtained results into the above formula for calculation, and automatically make a quantitative division on the plastic zone of the model according to the obtained results. A range of the plastic zone of a two-dimensional complex structure model can be identified conveniently, quickly and accurately under a bidirectional loading condition in the present disclosure.
[0056] The structure of the loading box realizing the above functions may be in various forms, and a specific implementation is given below.
[0057] In the foregoing embodiments, two transparent parts are arranged oppositely on front and rear side walls of the box body 10, so as to transmit light emitted by the transmission photo-elastic experimental system. In other words, a light source of the transmission photo-elastic experimental system is set at a side of the box body.
[0058] The material of the transparent parts may be transparent quartz glass. As shown in Figure 2, a quartz window 11 is provided on the side wall. Apparently, the material of the transparent parts is not limited to the above transparent quartz glass, and may also be others.
[0059] In order to facilitate the placement of the experimental model, an upper cover 12 is provided on an upper wall of the box body 10. The upper cover 12 is sealed with the box body 10 by a sealing strip 13.
[0060] In the foregoing embodiments, in order to transfer force, a through hole is provided on each of left and right side walls and upper and lower side walls of the box body 10. It should be noted that the left, right, upper and lower herein are all based on the relative positional relationship between components of the loading box as shown in Figure 2, and are simply used to concisely describe the technical solutions and facilitate those skilled in the art to understand. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the use of location words herein shall not limit the scope of protection of the present disclosure.
[0061] The through hole is mounted with a force transfer component. The force transfer component includes an adapter plate 1, a guide rod 6 and a slide table 9 connected in sequence. The adapter plate 1 is located outside the box body 10 and is configured to connect with a force-applying part of the loading test machine. The force-applying part of the loading test machine may be an indenter. The guide rod 6 is in seal-sliding with the through-hole along circumference, the slide table 9 is located inside the box body 10, and the slide table 9 has an abutting surface in contact with the experimental model 20 of the planar complex structure.
[0062] The adapter plate 1 is provided with a structure connected with indenters of the loading test machine, and the specific structure may be set according to specific environments, and will not be described in detail here.
[0063] Under the bidirectional force, the experimental model 20 of the planar complex structure changes its volume and gradually become smaller. Since the position of the guide rod connecting a dovetail component is fixed, in order to avoid jamming between adjacent slide tables, the following settings are made hereinafter.
[0064] Reference is made to Figure 3, which is a schematic positional diagram of four slide tables and the experimental model of the planar complex structure under a force-applying state according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0065] In a specific implementation, the guide rod 6 and the slide table 9 are connected through a rolling component. The rolling component may be a roller or a steel ball, so that the abutting surface of the slide table 9 reciprocally slides up and down or left and right along a plane perpendicular to the force direction relative to the dovetail component.
[0066] In a specific implementation, the force transfer component may further include a dovetail component 7, and the guide rod is connected to the slide table 9 through the dovetail component 7. The slide table 9 has a dovetail groove that opens toward the guide rod 6, and the dovetail component 7 is located inside the dovetail groove. The rolling component is arranged between the dovetail component 7 and a bottom of the dovetail groove.
[0067] In this way, when the experimental model 20 of the planar complex structure is deformed by a force, displacement may occur to the slide tables 9 according to forces among the slide tables 9 to avoid motion jamming, so that the force in each direction is normally applied to the corresponding side surface of the experimental model 20 of the planar complex structure. As shown in Figure 3, the slide table 9 herein is defined as a first slide table 91, a second slide table 92, a third slide table 93 and a fourth slide table 94 which are connected in sequence to form a space for placing the experimental model 20 of the planar complex structure. The head end of the first slide table 91 abuts against the tail of the abutting surface of the fourth slide table 93, the head end of the second slide table 92 abuts against the tail of the abutting surface of the first slide table 91, the head end of the third slide table 93 abuts against the tail of the abutting surface of the second slide table 92, and the head end of the fourth slide table 94 abuts against the tail of the abutting surface of the third slide table 93.
[0068] When a force is applied during the experiment, the volume of the experimental model 20 of the planar complex structure becomes smaller, and each slide table can move relatively, so that the abutting surface is always in contact with the experimental model 20 of the planar complex structure.
[0069] Further, the force transfer component includes a press plate 2, a copper sleeve 3, an oil seal 4 and a seal ring 5. The guide rod 6 is in seal-sliding with the through hole along circumference through the oil seal 4 and the seal ring 5. The press plate 2 and the copper sleeve 3 are arranged between the adapter plate 1 and an outer wall of the box body 10.
[0070] The force transfer component formed by the above components can not only realize the seal-sliding between the guide rod 6 and the through hole, but also transfer the force effectively.
[0071] Apparently, the force transfer component may further include a baffle 8 to limit the displacement of the slide table and avoid the dovetail component from being out of the dovetail groove due to an excessive sliding displacement.
[0072] For other aspects of the loading test machine and the transmission photo-elastic experimental system, reference may be made to the conventional technology, which is not repeated herein.
[0073] The embodiments of the present disclosure are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment places emphasis on the difference from other embodiments. Therefore, one embodiment may refer to other embodiments for the same or similar parts. For the apparatuses disclosed in the embodiments, since they correspond to the methods disclosed in the embodiments, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts may be referred to the description of the methods.
[0074] The skilled in the art shall further realize that units and algorithm steps of each example described in combination with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented by electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. In order to clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, the composition and steps of each example have been generally described in accordance with the function in the above description. Whether these functions are executed by hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professionals and technicians may use different methods for each specific application to implement the described functions, but such implementation shall not be considered as going beyond the scope of the present disclosure.
[0075] The steps of the method or algorithm described in combination with the embodiments disclosed herein may be directly implemented by hardware, a software module executed by a processor, or a combination of both. The software module may be placed in random access memory (RAM), internal memory, read-only memory (ROM), electrically programmable ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM, registers, hard disks, removable disks, CD-ROMs, or any other form of storage medium known in the technical field. The above description of the embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present disclosure. Various modifications to these embodiments are apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principle defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without deviating from the spirit or scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (7)
- CLAIMS 1. An experimental system for identifying a plastic deformation zone of a model of a planar complex structure, wherein the experimental system comprises:a 3D printer, configured to print an experimental model of a planar complex structure meeting an experimental requirement;a loading box comprising a box body formed with an experimental cavity, wherein the experimental cavity is configured to place the experimental model of the planar complex structure and accommodate refractive index matching liquid that matches the experimental model of the planar complex structure; wherein, the refractive index matching liquid is configured to compensate for an uneven thickness of the experimental model of the planar complex structure during experiment, wherein the box body has six surfaces which are first to sixth surfaces, wherein the first and second surfaces are opposite to each other, the third and fourth surfaces are opposite to each other, and the fifth and sixth surfaces are opposite to each other, wherein four through holes are respectively provided on the first to fourth surfaces of the box body; each of the through holes is mounted with a force transfer component, wherein the force transfer component comprises an adapter plate, a guide rod and a slide table connected in sequence, wherein the adapter plate is located outside the box body and is configured to connect with a force-applying part of a loading test machine; each guide rod is in seal-sliding contact with each through-hole around each guide rod's circumference; the O slide table is located inside the box body, and the slide table has an abutting surface in contact with the experimental model of the planar complex structure;the loading test system, configured to apply a force meeting the experimental requirement on the experimental model of the planar complex structure, wherein the loading test system comprises a biaxial synchronous planar loading test machine, the biaxial synchronous planar loading test machine comprises two sets of indenters, and each set of indenters comprises two coaxial and oppositely arranged indenters, the two sets of indenters are defined as a first indenter set and a second indenter set, respectively, two indenters of the first indenter set can apply a compressive force towards each other along their common axis, and two indenters of the second indenter set can apply a compressive force towards each other along their common axis, wherein the common axis between the two indenters of the first indenter set is perpendicular to the common axis between the two indenters of the second indenter set; a transmission photo-elastic experimental system comprising a white light source, two monochromatic light sources and a lens, wherein the transmission photo-elastic experimental system is configured to obtain isoclinic and isochromatic fringe patterns of the experimental model of the planar complex structure under white light and different monochromatic light sources respectively according to phase shift methods; a control apparatus, configured to obtain a fringe order N under each monochromatic light according to the obtained isoclinic and isochromatic fringe patterns, and determine a plastic deformation zone of the experimental model of the planar complex structure according to a pre-stored analysis module, wherein, the experimental model of the planar complex structure is light transmittable, wherein the pre-stored analysis module is specifically configured to: calculate according(N) -(N') to a formula D= (N") - , wherein the area is an elastic deformation zone if D is 1 2 (NA),equal to zero, and the area is a plastic deformation zone if D is greater than zero,wherein (NA), is a product of a wavelength A of a first monochromatic light and a fringe order N of the model under a first monochromatic light source, and (NA) 2 is a product of a wavelength A of a second monochromatic light and a fringe order N of the model under a second monochromatic light source.
- 2. The experimental system for identifying a plastic deformation zone of a model of a planar complex structure according to claim 1, wherein two transparent parts are arranged oppositely on the fifth and sixth surfaces of the box body, so as to transmit light emitted by the transmission photo-elastic experimental system.
- 3. The experimental system for identifying a plastic deformation zone of a model of a planar complex structure according to claim 2, wherein a material of the transparent parts is transparent quartz glass.
- 4. The experimental system for identifying a plastic deformation zone of a model of a planar complex structure according to claim 1, whereinthe guide rod and the slide table are connected through a rolling component, so that when a force is applied during the experiment, the slide table can relatively move by means of the rolling component, so that the abutting surface of the slide table is always in contact with a corresponding surface of the experimental model of the planar complex structure.
- 5. The experimental system for identifying a plastic deformation zone of a model of a planar complex structure according to claim 4, further comprising a dovetail component, wherein the guide rod is connected to the slide table through the dovetail component, the slide table has a dovetail groove that opens toward the guide rod, the dovetail component is located inside the dovetail groove, and the rolling component is a ball or roller arranged between the dovetail component and a bottom of the dovetail groove.
- 6. The experimental system for identifying a plastic deformation zone of a model of a planar complex structure according to claim 1, wherein the force transfer component further comprises a press plate, a copper sleeve, an oil seal and a seal ring, wherein the guide rod is in seal-sliding with the through hole along circumference through the oil seal and the seal ring; the press plate and the copper sleeve are arranged between the adapter plate and an outer wall of the box body.
- 7. An experimental method for identifying a plastic deformation zone of a model of a planar complex structure, wherein the experimental method comprises:printing, by a 3D printer, a transparent experimental model of a planar complex structure meeting an experiment requirement;placing the experimental model of the planar complex structure in a loading box, and injecting transparent refractive index matching liquid into the loading box, wherein a refractive index of the refractive index matching liquid is the same as a refractive index of the experimental model of the planar complex structure, so as to compensate for an uneven thickness of the experimental model of the planar complex structure during an experiment, wherein a box body is comprised in the loading box, and the box body has six surfaces which are first to sixth surfaces, wherein the first and second surfaces are opposite to each other, the third and fourth surfaces are opposite to each other, and the fifth and sixth surfaces are opposite to each other, wherein four through holes are respectively provided on the first to fourth surfaces of the box body, each of the through holes is mounted with a force transfer component, the force transfer component comprises an adapter plate, a guide rod and a slide table connected in sequence, the adapter plate is located outside the box body and is configured to connect with a force-applying part of a loading test machine, each guide rod is in seal-sliding contact with each through hole around each guide rod's circumference, the slide table is located inside the box body, and the slide table has an abutting surface in contact with the experimental model of the planar complex structure; controlling the loading test system to apply force along a first direction and a second direction on the experimental model of the planar complex structure located inside the loading box, and obtaining isoclinic and isochromatic fringe patterns of the experimental model of the planar complex structure under white light and two different monochromatic light sources respectively according to phase shift methods, wherein the loading test system comprises a biaxial synchronous planar loading test machine, and the biaxial synchronous planar loading test machine comprises two sets of indenters, each set of indenters comprises two coaxial and oppositely-arranged indenters, wherein the two sets of indenters are defined as a first indenter set and a second indenter set, respectively; two indenters of the first indenter set can apply a compressive force towards each other along their common axis, and two indenters of the second indenter set can apply a compressive force towards each other along their common axis, wherein the common axis between the two indenters of the first indenter set is parallel to the first direction, and the common axis between the two indenters of the second indenter set is parallel to the second direction, wherein the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction; obtaining a fringe order Nunder each light source according to the obtained isoclinic and isochromatic fringe patterns, and determining a plastic deformation zone of the experimental model of the planar complex structure according to a pre-stored analysis module, wherein the experimental model of the planar complex structure is light transmittable, the method further comprising capturing isoclinic patterns based on a four-step phase shift method for white light, and capturing isochromatic patterns based on a six-step phase shift method for monochromatic light; calculating according to a formula D= (NA) -(NA) 2NA) , wherein, the area is an elastic zone if D is equal to zero, and the area is a plastic deformation zone if D is greater than zero, wherein (NA), is a product of a wavelength A of a first monochromatic light and a fringe order N of the model under a first monochromatic light source, and (NA) 2 is a product of a wavelength A of a second monochromatic light and a fringe order N of the model under a second monochromatic light source.
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| CN102914396A (en) * | 2012-10-22 | 2013-02-06 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | Device and method for detecting stress of irregular surface optical glass material |
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| WO2016027874A1 (en) * | 2014-08-21 | 2016-02-25 | 公立大学法人大阪市立大学 | Stress visualization device, and mechanical property value visualization device |
| CN105608736A (en) * | 2016-01-05 | 2016-05-25 | 绍兴文理学院 | Method for obtaining three-dimensional stress field of rock mass model including complex structural plane |
| CN108072467B (en) * | 2016-11-14 | 2023-11-24 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Method for measuring internal stress field of discontinuous structure |
| CN108731859A (en) * | 2017-04-13 | 2018-11-02 | 河南理工大学 | A kind of photoelastic finder charge bringing device of plane |
| CN108732021B (en) * | 2017-04-18 | 2023-06-30 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | CO (carbon monoxide) 2 Stress field change measurement method for fracturing process |
| CN108106762B (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2020-01-14 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | 3D printing photoelastic material and method for simulating loaded flexure stress distribution |
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| CN102914396A (en) * | 2012-10-22 | 2013-02-06 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | Device and method for detecting stress of irregular surface optical glass material |
| CN107144525A (en) * | 2017-05-27 | 2017-09-08 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | The measuring method of the Dynamic stress field Evolution of complicated inhomogeneous structure body |
| CN109115530A (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2019-01-01 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | A kind of system of tunnel lining structure stress field transparence display and quantitatively characterizing |
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