WO2021134260A1 - Experiment system and experiment method for recognizing planar complex structure model plastic zone - Google Patents

Experiment system and experiment method for recognizing planar complex structure model plastic zone Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021134260A1
WO2021134260A1 PCT/CN2019/130036 CN2019130036W WO2021134260A1 WO 2021134260 A1 WO2021134260 A1 WO 2021134260A1 CN 2019130036 W CN2019130036 W CN 2019130036W WO 2021134260 A1 WO2021134260 A1 WO 2021134260A1
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Prior art keywords
complex structure
model
experimental
planar
plastic zone
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PCT/CN2019/130036
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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鞠杨
邢冬益
王雅亭
任张瑜
万昌兵
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中国矿业大学(北京)
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Priority to AU2019481267A priority Critical patent/AU2019481267B2/en
Priority to PCT/CN2019/130036 priority patent/WO2021134260A1/en
Publication of WO2021134260A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021134260A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/24—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of strain field measurement, in particular to an experimental system for identifying the plastic zone of a plane complex structure model.
  • the mainstream method to identify and characterize the plastic deformation zone of a complex structure model is numerical simulation.
  • the simulation results due to the influence of boundary conditions, material parameter selection, model accuracy, element size, interface conditions, constitutive relations, and calculation efficiency, the simulation results The accuracy and applicability of has been widely disputed.
  • the numerical simulation results are difficult to verify through physical model experiments.
  • the physical identification experiment of the plastic zone is often difficult to carry out due to the complicated preparation process of the complex structure model, the high difficulty, and the prone to processing stress.
  • the natural rock structure contains a large number of complex structures such as pores, cracks, joints or faults with complex geometric shapes. It is very difficult to accurately describe and characterize these complex structures, let alone accurately prepare physical models of complex rock structures.
  • the use of physical model experimental methods to quantitatively characterize and identify the plastic zone of complex structures is still in the exploratory stage. So far, there has not been an experimental system and measurement method for quantitatively identifying the plastic zone of complex models under plane loading conditions. How to use the physical model experiment method to accurately identify and quantitatively characterize the plastic deformation of the complex structure of the rock mass and the distribution range of the plastic zone has become the core and foundation for solving the key problems in the engineering field.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide an experimental system which can effectively judge the plastic zone of the geological body structure.
  • the present invention provides an experimental system for identifying the plastic zone of a planar complex structure model.
  • the experimental system includes the following components:
  • 3D printer used to print experimental models of complex planar structures that meet the experimental requirements
  • the loading box includes a box body formed with an experimental cavity, the experimental cavity is used to place the plane complex structure experimental model and contain the refractive index matching liquid matching the plane complex structure experimental model; the refractive index matching liquid Used to compensate for the uneven thickness of the experimental model of the planar complex structure during the experiment;
  • a loading test machine used to apply a force that meets the test requirements to the experimental model of the planar complex structure
  • Transmissive photoelastic experiment system including white light source and two monochromatic light sources, can obtain isotilt and isochromatic fringe pictures of the plane complex structure experimental model under different monochromatic light sources according to the phase shift method;
  • the control device is used for obtaining the fringe series N under each monochromatic light according to the obtained isoclinic and isochromatic fringe pictures, and judging the plastic zone of the experimental model of the planar complex structure according to the pre-stored analysis module;
  • the maximum thickness of the experimental model of the planar complex structure meets the light transmission requirements of the transmission photoelastic experimental system.
  • the front and rear side walls of the box body have two oppositely arranged transparent parts, so that the light emitted by the transmissive photoelastic experiment system can pass through.
  • the material of the transparent part is transparent quartz glass.
  • both the left and right side walls and the upper and lower side walls of the box body are provided with through holes, and the through holes are equipped with a force transmission component, and the force transmission component includes an adapter plate, a guide rod and Sliding table, the adapter plate is located outside the box body, and is used to connect with the force applying part of the loading test machine; the guide rod and the through hole seal and slide in the circumferential direction, and the sliding table is located in the Inside the box, the sliding table has an abutting surface that is in contact with the experimental model of the planar complex structure.
  • it further includes a dovetail component
  • the guide rod is connected to the sliding table through the dovetail component
  • the sliding table has a dovetail groove that opens toward the guide rod
  • the dovetail component is located in the dovetail Inside the groove, steel balls are arranged between the dovetail component and the groove bottom of the dovetail groove.
  • the force transmission assembly further includes a pressure plate, a copper sleeve, an oil seal and a sealing ring, and the guide rod seals and slides with the through hole circumferentially through the oil seal and the sealing ring; the pressure plate and the The copper sleeve is arranged between the adapter plate and the outer wall of the box.
  • the loading test machine is a dual-axis synchronous plane recording test machine, including two sets of indenters, each set of indenters includes two coaxial and oppositely arranged indenters, and the axial direction of the two sets of indenters is Perpendicular to each other.
  • the pre-stored analysis module specifically includes: according to formula Calculate, when D is equal to zero, the area is an elastic zone, when D is greater than zero, the area is a plastic zone;
  • (N ⁇ ) 1 is the product of the monochromatic light wavelength ⁇ and the corresponding model fringe series N under the first monochromatic light source
  • (N ⁇ ) 2 is the second monochromatic light source, the monochromatic light The product of the wavelength ⁇ and the corresponding model fringe series N.
  • the present invention also provides an experimental method for identifying the plastic zone of a complex planar structure model.
  • the experimental method includes the following steps:
  • the control loading experiment machine applies forces in the first direction and the second direction to the plane complex structure experimental model located inside the loading box, and obtains the plane complex structure experimental model under the white light and two different monochromatic light sources according to the phase shift method. Tilt line and isochromatic line stripe pictures;
  • the maximum thickness of the experimental model of the planar complex structure meets the light transmission requirement.
  • phase shift pictures taken based on the "white light four-step phase shift method” and six phase shift pictures taken by each of the two monochromatic light based on the monochromatic light "six-step phase shift method”;
  • (N ⁇ ) 1 is the product of the monochromatic light wavelength ⁇ and the corresponding model fringe series N under the first monochromatic light source
  • (N ⁇ ) 2 is the second monochromatic light source, the monochromatic light The product of the wavelength ⁇ and the corresponding model fringe series N.
  • the plane complex structure experimental model of the present invention is placed in a loading box containing a refractive index matching liquid, and then the loading test machine is controlled by a control device to apply bidirectional pressure to the plane model, and the four-step phase shift method of white light is combined at the same time
  • the six-step phase shift method of monochromatic light and monochromatic light respectively obtains the isoclinic and isochromatic fringe pictures of the model.
  • the control device can obtain the fringe series of the whole field of the experimental model of complex planar structure based on the obtained pictures, and obtain the results Bring in the above formula for calculation, and automatically divide the plastic zone of the model quantitatively according to the obtained results.
  • the invention can conveniently, quickly and accurately identify the plastic zone range of a two-dimensional complex structure model under bidirectional loading conditions.
  • Fig. 1 is a structural block diagram of an experimental system for identifying the plastic zone of a planar complex structure model in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a loading box in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the positions of four sliding tables and an experimental model of a complex planar structure in a force-applying state in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 4 is a four-step phase shift method light path diagram of white light in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is an optical path diagram of a six-step phase shift method for monochromatic light in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 1 is a structural block diagram of an experimental system for identifying the plastic zone of a planar complex structure model in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a loading box in an embodiment of the present invention .
  • the invention provides an experimental system for identifying the plastic zone of a plane complex structure model, which includes a 3D printer, a loading test machine, a loading box, a transmission photoelastic test system and a control device.
  • the function of the 3D printer is to print the experimental model 20 with complex planar structure that meets the test requirements.
  • the experimental model 20 with complex planar structure is preferably formed of a transparent material.
  • a transparent photosensitive resin material with a temporary birefringence effect can be used for printing, and the interior can be embedded
  • a variety of complex structures, such as particles, pores, cracks, joints, etc., can be reconstructed by CT (Computed Tomography in English; Computed Tomography in Chinese) scanning of real geological bodies, or manually constructed by software. .
  • CT Computerputed Tomography in English; Computed Tomography in Chinese
  • the cross-section of the plane complex structure test model 20 in FIG. 3 only illustrates the voids and cracks of different structures.
  • the internal structure of the plane complex structure test model 20 is not limited to those shown in the figure herein, and can also be other square structures.
  • the temporary birefringence effect means that the material has no birefringence effect in an unstressed state. When the material is stressed, there will be a birefringence effect. When the stress is relieved, the birefringence effect will disappear. Temporary birefringence is the basis for photoelastic testing.
  • the printing material can be VeroClear, and the embedded complex structure can be filled with a low-strength support material SUP706.
  • the printed test model has been polished and polished as a whole, showing high transparency and surface flatness. And better stress sensitivity.
  • the experimental model can be reduced according to the actual engineering geological parameters and the similar theory to determine the appropriate model size; specifically, the embedded complex structure can be selected according to the different research purposes. Different shapes.
  • the loading test machine is mainly used to apply a force that meets the experimental requirements on the plane complex structure experimental model 20.
  • the force may be a uniaxial force, a biaxial force or a force in more directions. This article takes the application of biaxial force as an example to continue to introduce the technical solutions and technical effects.
  • the loading test machine that realizes the application of biaxial force is preferably a dual-axis synchronous plane loading test machine, which includes two sets of indenters, each set of indenters includes two coaxial and oppositely arranged indenters, and the two sets of indenters are defined as the first An indenter group and a second indenter group, the two indenters of the first indenter group can apply a force in a first direction, and the two indenters of the second indenter group can apply a force in a second direction.
  • the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular.
  • the first direction may be a horizontal direction, for example, the direction where F2 and F4 are located in FIG. 3 is the first direction, and the second direction may be a vertical direction, such as the direction where F1 and F3 are located.
  • the loading box in the present invention includes a box body formed with an experimental cavity, and the experimental cavity is used for placing the experimental model 20 of the planar complex structure and accommodating the refractive index matching liquid matched with the experimental model 20 of the planar complex structure.
  • the refractive index matching liquid is used to compensate for the uneven thickness of the experimental model 20 with a complex planar structure during the experiment.
  • the experimental model 20 with a complex planar structure will undergo plastic deformation when the experiment is stressed, and its thickness will change unevenly.
  • the plastic zone stress is large streaks
  • the refractive index matching fluid can compensate for the uneven thickness of the model, make the thickness of each part of the model uniform, eliminate the phenomenon of light refraction in the uneven thickness of the model, so as to identify more and clearer fringes .
  • the refractive index matching liquid in the present invention is preferably a uniform transparent solution with the same refractive index as the experimental model 20 with a complex planar structure.
  • the transmissive photoelastic experiment system includes a white light source, two monochromatic light sources and a lens. It can obtain the isometric and isochromatic fringe pictures of the experimental model 20 of complex planar structures under the white light and different monochromatic light sources according to the phase shift method.
  • the transmission type photoelastic experiment system includes a camera, a light source, and a photoelastic instrument including various lenses.
  • the photoelastic instrument includes an analysis lens A, a polarizer P, a first quarter-wave plate Qp lens group, and a second 1/ 4 wave plate Q A lens group and other components.
  • the camera in this article is preferably a CCD (Charge coupled Device in English; Charge coupled Device in Chinese) camera.
  • the transmissive photoelastic experiment system can emit white light and two kinds of monochromatic lights.
  • the white light four-step phase shift method can be used to take four phase shift pictures
  • the monochromatic light six-step phase shift method can take two kinds of pictures. Each of the six shifted pictures of monochromatic light.
  • the pictures obtained above are used for the subsequent research and analysis of the control device. Please refer to Fig. 4 for the optical path diagram of the white light four-step phase shift method, and refer to Fig. 5 for the optical path diagram of the monochromatic light six-step phase shift method.
  • the control device is used to obtain the fringe series N under each monochromatic light according to the obtained isoclinic and isochromatic fringe pictures, and to determine the stress concentration area of the experimental model 20 of the planar complex structure according to the pre-stored analysis module Plastic zone.
  • the fringe series N can be automatically judged by the software built in the control device for the fringe series N of the two different monochromatic light models.
  • the module in the present invention may specifically include: According to the formula Calculate, when D is equal to zero, the area is an elastic zone, when D is greater than zero, the area is a plastic zone;
  • (N ⁇ ) 1 is the product of the monochromatic light wavelength ⁇ and the corresponding model fringe series N under the first monochromatic light source
  • (N ⁇ ) 2 is the second monochromatic light source, the monochromatic light The product of the wavelength ⁇ and the corresponding model fringe series N.
  • the present invention also provides an experimental method for identifying the plastic zone of a complex planar structure model, which includes the following steps:
  • phase shift pictures taken based on the "white light four-step phase shift method” and six phase shift pictures taken based on the monochromatic light “six-step phase shift method” can be used; during the test, turn on the light source and the CCD camera and adjust The angle and exposure time of the camera should be ensured that the captured pictures do not show over-explosion or under-explosion, and then apply bidirectional stress to the model through a dual-axis synchronous loading test machine. When the set stress value is reached, the loading is stopped.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the optical path layout of the four-step phase shift method for white light.
  • the rotation angle ⁇ is set to be 0, ⁇ /8, ⁇ /4, and 3 ⁇ /8 respectively to obtain four sets of photoelastic fringe patterns with different polarization angles; after shooting, Switch to two kinds of monochromatic light as the light source.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the optical path arrangement of the six-step phase shift method of monochromatic light. 0, ⁇ /4, ⁇ /2, 3 ⁇ /4, the angle ⁇ of each wave plate in the corresponding analysis mirror group is sequentially equal to ⁇ /4, 3 ⁇ /4, 0, ⁇ /4, ⁇ /2, 3 ⁇ /4 , Take six photos of photoelastic fringes with different polarization angles.
  • (N ⁇ ) 1 is the product of the monochromatic light wavelength ⁇ and the corresponding model fringe series N under the first monochromatic light source
  • (N ⁇ ) 2 is the second monochromatic light source, the monochromatic light The product of the wavelength ⁇ and the corresponding model fringe series N.
  • the present invention only provides a specific experimental method, and the above steps may not be performed in the above order, and the order is adjustable.
  • the plane complex structure experimental model 20 is placed in the loading box containing the refractive index matching liquid, and then the loading test machine is controlled by the control device to apply bidirectional pressure to the plane model, and the four-step phase shift method of white light is combined at the same time. And the six-step phase shift method of monochromatic light to obtain the isoclinic and isochromatic fringe pictures of the model.
  • the control device can obtain the fringe series of the experimental model 20 of the planar complex structure based on the obtained pictures, and obtain The results are brought into the above formula for calculation, and the plastic zone of the model is automatically classified quantitatively according to the obtained results.
  • the invention can conveniently, quickly and accurately identify the plastic zone range of a two-dimensional complex structure model under bidirectional loading conditions.
  • the structure of the loading box that realizes the above-mentioned functions can have various forms, and a specific implementation manner is given below.
  • the front and rear side walls of the box body 10 have two oppositely arranged transparent parts, so that the light emitted by the transmissive photoelastic experiment system can pass through. That is to say, the light source of the transmissive photoelastic experiment system is set on one side of the box.
  • the material of the transparent part may be transparent quartz glass. As shown in Fig. 2, a quartz window 11 is provided on the side wall.
  • the material of the transparent part is not limited to the above-mentioned transparent quartz glass, and may also be other.
  • an upper cover 12 is provided on the top wall of the box body 10.
  • the upper cover 12 is sealed with the box body 10 by a sealing strip 13.
  • the left and right side walls, and the upper and lower side walls of the box body 10 are provided with through holes. It should be noted that the left, right, and upper and lower sides are loaded as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the relative positional relationship between the various components of the box is for reference, which is only to achieve the concise description of the technical solution, and facilitate the understanding of those skilled in the art. Those skilled in the art should understand that the use of location words in this article should not limit the scope of protection.
  • the through hole is equipped with a force transmission component.
  • the force transmission component includes an adapter plate 1, a guide rod 6 and a sliding table 9, which are connected in sequence.
  • the adapter plate 1 is located outside the box body 10 and is used to connect to the force application part of the loading test machine.
  • the force application part of the testing machine may be an indenter.
  • the guide rod 6 seals and slides with the through hole in the circumferential direction, the sliding table 9 is located inside the box body 10, and the sliding table 9 has an abutting surface that is in contact with the experimental model 20 of a complex planar structure.
  • the adapter plate 1 is provided with a structure connected with the pressure head of the loading test machine, and the specific structure can be set according to the specific environment, which will not be described in detail here.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the positions of the four sliding tables and the experimental model of the planar complex structure in a force-applying state in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the guide rod 6 and the sliding table 9 are connected by rolling components, which can be rollers or steel balls, so that the abutment surface of the sliding table 9 is perpendicular to the dovetail member.
  • the direction plane slides back and forth up and down or left and right.
  • the force transmission assembly may further include a dovetail member 7, the guide rod is connected to the sliding table 9 through the dovetail member 7, the sliding table 9 has a dovetail groove that opens toward the guide rod 6, and the dovetail member 7 is located Inside the dovetail groove, rolling parts are arranged at the bottom of the dovetail part 7 and the dovetail groove.
  • this article defines the sliding platform 9 as a first sliding platform 91, a second sliding platform 92, a third sliding platform 93, and a fourth sliding platform 94. Placement space for the experimental model 20 of the complex structure.
  • the head end of the first sliding table 91 abuts against the tail of the abutting surface of the fourth sliding table 93
  • the head end of the second sliding table 92 abuts against the tail of the abutting surface of the first sliding table 91
  • the head end of the third sliding table 93 The second sliding table 92 abuts against the rear of the abutting surface
  • the head end of the fourth sliding table 94 abuts against the rear of the abutting surface of the third sliding table 93.
  • the volume of the experimental model 20 of the complex planar structure becomes smaller, and each sliding table can move relatively, so that the abutting surface is always in contact with the experimental model 20 of the planar complex structure.
  • the force transmission assembly further includes a pressure plate 2, a copper sleeve 3, an oil seal 4, and a sealing ring 5.
  • the guide rod 6 passes through the oil seal 4, the sealing ring 5 and the through hole to seal and slide in the circumferential direction; the pressure plate 2 and the copper sleeve 3 are arranged in the adapter Between the board 1 and the outer wall of the box body 10.
  • the force transmission assembly formed by the above components can not only realize the sealing sliding of the guide rod 6 and the through hole, but also realize the effective transmission of force.
  • the force transmission assembly may further include a baffle 8 to limit the displacement of the sliding table and avoid excessive sliding displacement of the dovetail component from falling out of the dovetail groove.
  • the steps of the method or algorithm described in the embodiments disclosed in this document can be directly implemented by hardware, a software module executed by a processor, or a combination of the two.
  • the software module can be placed in random access memory (RAM), internal memory, read-only memory (ROM), electrically programmable ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM, registers, hard disks, removable disks, CD-ROMs, or all areas in the technical field. Any other known storage media.

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Abstract

An experiment system and experiment method for recognizing a planar complex structure model plastic zone. In experiment, a planar complex structure experiment model in the present invention is placed in a loading box containing a refractive index-matching fluid, a loading experimental machine is controlled by using a control means to apply a two-way pressure to the planar model, and moreover, by combining a white light four phase-shift method and a monochromatic light six phase-shift method, isoclinic line and isochromatic line fringe images of the model are respectively obtained; the control means can obtain an overall fringe order of the planar complex structure experiment model on the basis of the obtained fringe images, and the obtained result is substituted into the formula for calculation; quantitative division of plastic zones is automatically performed on the model according to the result. The present invention can conveniently, quickly and accurately recognize ranges of plastic zones of a two-dimensional complex structure model under a two-way loading condition.

Description

用于识别平面复杂结构模型塑性区的实验系统及实验方法Experimental system and method for identifying plastic zone of plane complex structure model 技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及应变场测量技术领域，尤其涉及一种用于识别平面复杂结构模型塑性区的实验系统。The invention relates to the technical field of strain field measurement, in particular to an experimental system for identifying the plastic zone of a plane complex structure model.
背景技术Background technique
矿业、石油、地质及土木工程领域中，冲击地压、岩爆、围岩大变形、顶板垮落、断层滑移、矿震、压裂裂缝扩展、井壁失稳、岩体滑坡、坝基突涌以及突水等灾变现象均与岩体塑性变形有密切关系。因此，定量识别与表征塑性变形以及塑性区分布范围对于解决上述工程问题具有十分重要的意义。In the fields of mining, petroleum, geology and civil engineering, rock bursts, rock bursts, large deformations of surrounding rocks, roof collapses, fault slips, mine earthquakes, fracturing crack propagation, shaft wall instability, rock landslides, dam foundation outbursts Catastrophic phenomena such as inrush and water inrush are closely related to the plastic deformation of rock mass. Therefore, quantitative identification and characterization of plastic deformation and the distribution range of plastic zone are of great significance for solving the above-mentioned engineering problems.
目前，识别和表征复杂结构模型塑性变形区的主流方法是数值模拟，但由于受边界条件、材料参数选取、模型精度、单元尺寸、界面条件、本构关系以及计算效率等因素的影响，模拟结果的准确性和适用性一直存在广泛争议。特别是，数值模拟结果难以通过物理模型实验进行验证。At present, the mainstream method to identify and characterize the plastic deformation zone of a complex structure model is numerical simulation. However, due to the influence of boundary conditions, material parameter selection, model accuracy, element size, interface conditions, constitutive relations, and calculation efficiency, the simulation results The accuracy and applicability of has been widely disputed. In particular, the numerical simulation results are difficult to verify through physical model experiments.
然而，由于复杂结构模型制备工艺复杂、难度大、易出现加工应力等原因，塑性区的物理识别实验往往难以进行。天然岩体结构内部含有数量众多、几何形态复杂的孔隙、裂隙、节理或断层等复杂结构，准确描述与表征这些复杂结构十分困难，更不用说精确地制备复杂岩体结构的物理模型。目前用物理模型实验方法来定量表征和识别复杂结构塑性区还处于探索阶段，迄今为止，尚未有一种定量识别平面加载条件下复杂模型塑性区的实验系统及量测方法。如何利用物理模型实验方法来准确识别与定量表征岩体复杂结构塑性变形以及塑性区分布范围已成为解决上述工程领域关键性难题的核心与基础。However, the physical identification experiment of the plastic zone is often difficult to carry out due to the complicated preparation process of the complex structure model, the high difficulty, and the prone to processing stress. The natural rock structure contains a large number of complex structures such as pores, cracks, joints or faults with complex geometric shapes. It is very difficult to accurately describe and characterize these complex structures, let alone accurately prepare physical models of complex rock structures. At present, the use of physical model experimental methods to quantitatively characterize and identify the plastic zone of complex structures is still in the exploratory stage. So far, there has not been an experimental system and measurement method for quantitatively identifying the plastic zone of complex models under plane loading conditions. How to use the physical model experiment method to accurately identify and quantitatively characterize the plastic deformation of the complex structure of the rock mass and the distribution range of the plastic zone has become the core and foundation for solving the key problems in the engineering field.
针对解决工程领域一系列复杂问题的迫切需要，人们需要发展一种准确、有效和快捷的物理模型实验方法来定量表征和识别平面加载条件下复杂结构塑性区特征与分布演化规律。In response to the urgent need to solve a series of complex problems in the engineering field, people need to develop an accurate, effective and fast physical model experiment method to quantitatively characterize and identify the characteristics and distribution evolution law of the plastic zone of complex structures under plane loading conditions.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种实验系统，该实验系统能够有效判断地质体结构的塑性区。The purpose of the present invention is to provide an experimental system which can effectively judge the plastic zone of the geological body structure.
本发明提供一种用于识别平面复杂结构模型塑性区的实验系统，该实验系统包括以下部件：The present invention provides an experimental system for identifying the plastic zone of a planar complex structure model. The experimental system includes the following components:
3D打印机，用于打印满足实验要求的平面复杂结构实验模型；3D printer, used to print experimental models of complex planar structures that meet the experimental requirements;
加载箱，包括形成有实验腔的箱体，所述实验腔用于放置所述平面复杂结构实验模型以及容纳与所述平面复杂结构实验模型相匹配的折射率匹配液；所述折射率匹配液用于补偿实验过程中所述平面复杂结构实验模型厚度的不均匀；The loading box includes a box body formed with an experimental cavity, the experimental cavity is used to place the plane complex structure experimental model and contain the refractive index matching liquid matching the plane complex structure experimental model; the refractive index matching liquid Used to compensate for the uneven thickness of the experimental model of the planar complex structure during the experiment;
加载实验机，用于对所述平面复杂结构实验模型施加满足试验要求的作用力；A loading test machine, used to apply a force that meets the test requirements to the experimental model of the planar complex structure;
透射式光弹实验系统，包括白光光源和两种单色光源，能够根据相移法获取不同单色光源下所述平面复杂结构实验模型等倾线和等色线条纹图片；Transmissive photoelastic experiment system, including white light source and two monochromatic light sources, can obtain isotilt and isochromatic fringe pictures of the plane complex structure experimental model under different monochromatic light sources according to the phase shift method;
控制装置，用于根据所获取的等倾线和等色线条纹图片得出各单色光下的条纹级数N，并根据预存的分析模块判断出所述平面复杂结构实验模型的塑性区；The control device is used for obtaining the fringe series N under each monochromatic light according to the obtained isoclinic and isochromatic fringe pictures, and judging the plastic zone of the experimental model of the planar complex structure according to the pre-stored analysis module;
其中，所述平面复杂结构实验模型的最大厚度满足所述透射式光弹实验系统的光透过要求。Wherein, the maximum thickness of the experimental model of the planar complex structure meets the light transmission requirements of the transmission photoelastic experimental system.
可选的，所述箱体的前后两侧壁具有相对设置的两个透明部，以便所述透射式光弹实验系统所发出光线透过。Optionally, the front and rear side walls of the box body have two oppositely arranged transparent parts, so that the light emitted by the transmissive photoelastic experiment system can pass through.
可选的，所述透明部的材料为透明石英玻璃。Optionally, the material of the transparent part is transparent quartz glass.
可选的，所述箱体的左右两侧壁、上下两侧壁均设置有通孔，所述通孔安装有传力组件，所述传力组件包括依次连接的转接板、导向杆和滑动台，所述转接板位于所述箱体外部，用于与所述加载实验机的施力部连接；所述导向杆与所述通孔周向密封滑动，所述滑动台位于所述箱体内部，所述滑动台具有与所述平面复杂结构实验模型相接触的抵靠面。Optionally, both the left and right side walls and the upper and lower side walls of the box body are provided with through holes, and the through holes are equipped with a force transmission component, and the force transmission component includes an adapter plate, a guide rod and Sliding table, the adapter plate is located outside the box body, and is used to connect with the force applying part of the loading test machine; the guide rod and the through hole seal and slide in the circumferential direction, and the sliding table is located in the Inside the box, the sliding table has an abutting surface that is in contact with the experimental model of the planar complex structure.
可选的，还包括燕尾型部件，所述导向杆通过所述燕尾型部件连接所述滑动台，所述滑动台具有朝向所述导向杆开口的燕尾槽，所述燕尾型部件位于所述燕尾槽内部，所述燕尾型部件与所述燕尾槽的槽底之间设置有 钢珠。Optionally, it further includes a dovetail component, the guide rod is connected to the sliding table through the dovetail component, the sliding table has a dovetail groove that opens toward the guide rod, and the dovetail component is located in the dovetail Inside the groove, steel balls are arranged between the dovetail component and the groove bottom of the dovetail groove.
可选的，所述传力组件还包括压板、铜套、油封和密封圈，所述导向杆通过所述油封和所述密封圈与所述通孔周向密封滑动；所述压板和所述铜套设置于所述转接板和所述箱体外壁之间。Optionally, the force transmission assembly further includes a pressure plate, a copper sleeve, an oil seal and a sealing ring, and the guide rod seals and slides with the through hole circumferentially through the oil seal and the sealing ring; the pressure plate and the The copper sleeve is arranged between the adapter plate and the outer wall of the box.
可选的，所述加载实验机为双轴同步平面记载实验机，包括两组压头，每一组压头包括两个同轴且相对设置的压头，所述两组压头的轴向相互垂直。Optionally, the loading test machine is a dual-axis synchronous plane recording test machine, including two sets of indenters, each set of indenters includes two coaxial and oppositely arranged indenters, and the axial direction of the two sets of indenters is Perpendicular to each other.
可选的，所述预存的分析模块具体包括：依据公式
Figure PCTCN2019130036-appb-000001
进行计算，当D等于零时，该区域为弹性区，当D大于零时，该区域为塑性区； Optionally, the pre-stored analysis module specifically includes: according to formula
Figure PCTCN2019130036-appb-000001
Calculate, when D is equal to zero, the area is an elastic zone, when D is greater than zero, the area is a plastic zone;
其中，(Nλ) 1是在第一种单色光光源下，单色光波长λ与相应模型条纹级数N的乘积，(Nλ) 2是在第二种单色光光源下，单色光波长λ与相应模型条纹级数N的乘积。 Among them, (Nλ) 1 is the product of the monochromatic light wavelength λ and the corresponding model fringe series N under the first monochromatic light source, (Nλ) 2 is the second monochromatic light source, the monochromatic light The product of the wavelength λ and the corresponding model fringe series N.
此外本发明还提供了一种用于识别平面复杂结构模型塑性区的实验方法，该实验方法包括以下步骤：In addition, the present invention also provides an experimental method for identifying the plastic zone of a complex planar structure model. The experimental method includes the following steps:
利用3D打印机打印符合实验要求的透明平面复杂结构实验模型；Use a 3D printer to print a transparent plane complex structure experimental model that meets the experimental requirements;
将平面复杂结构实验模型放置于加载箱，向加载箱内部注入透明折射率匹配液，其中所述折射率匹配液的折射率与所述平面复杂结构实验模型的折射率一致，以用于补偿试验过程中所述平面复杂结构实验模型厚度的不均匀；Place the plane complex structure experimental model in the loading box, and inject a transparent refractive index matching liquid into the loading box, wherein the refractive index of the refractive index matching liquid is consistent with the refractive index of the plane complex structure experimental model for the compensation test The uneven thickness of the experimental model of the planar complex structure during the process;
控制加载实验机对位于加载箱内部的平面复杂结构实验模型施加沿第一方向和第二方向的作用力，根据相移法获取白光和两种不同单色光源下所述平面复杂结构实验模型等倾线和等色线条纹图片；The control loading experiment machine applies forces in the first direction and the second direction to the plane complex structure experimental model located inside the loading box, and obtains the plane complex structure experimental model under the white light and two different monochromatic light sources according to the phase shift method. Tilt line and isochromatic line stripe pictures;
根据所获取的等倾线和等色线条纹图片得出各光源下的条纹级数N，并根据预存的分析模块判断出所述平面复杂结构实验模型应力集中区域的塑性区；Obtain the fringe series N under each light source according to the obtained isoclinic and isochromatic fringe pictures, and determine the plastic zone in the stress concentration area of the experimental model of the planar complex structure according to the pre-stored analysis module;
其中，所述平面复杂结构实验模型的最大厚度满足光透过要求。Wherein, the maximum thickness of the experimental model of the planar complex structure meets the light transmission requirement.
可选的，基于“白光四步相移法”拍摄的四幅相移图片和基于单色光“六步相移法”下两种单色光各自拍摄的六幅相移图片；Optionally, four phase shift pictures taken based on the "white light four-step phase shift method" and six phase shift pictures taken by each of the two monochromatic light based on the monochromatic light "six-step phase shift method";
依据公式
Figure PCTCN2019130036-appb-000002
进行计算，当D等于零时，该区域为弹性区，当D大于零时，该区域为塑性区； According to the formula
Figure PCTCN2019130036-appb-000002
Calculate, when D is equal to zero, the area is an elastic zone, when D is greater than zero, the area is a plastic zone;
其中，(Nλ) 1是在第一种单色光光源下，单色光波长λ与相应模型条纹级数N的乘积，(Nλ) 2是在第二种单色光光源下，单色光波长λ与相应模型条纹级数N的乘积。 Among them, (Nλ) 1 is the product of the monochromatic light wavelength λ and the corresponding model fringe series N under the first monochromatic light source, (Nλ) 2 is the second monochromatic light source, the monochromatic light The product of the wavelength λ and the corresponding model fringe series N.
试验时，本发明中的平面复杂结构实验模型放置在盛有折射率匹配液的加载箱中，然后通过控制装置控制加载实验机，给平面模型施加双向压力，同时结合白光的四步相移法和单色光的六步相移法分别获取模型的等倾线和等色线条纹图片，控制装置可以基于所获得的图片来获取平面复杂结构实验模型全场的条纹级数，并将所得结果带入上述公式进行计算，根据所得结果自动对模型的塑性区进行定量划分。本发明能够方便、快捷、准确的识别二维复杂结构模型在双向加载条件下的塑性区范围。During the test, the plane complex structure experimental model of the present invention is placed in a loading box containing a refractive index matching liquid, and then the loading test machine is controlled by a control device to apply bidirectional pressure to the plane model, and the four-step phase shift method of white light is combined at the same time The six-step phase shift method of monochromatic light and monochromatic light respectively obtains the isoclinic and isochromatic fringe pictures of the model. The control device can obtain the fringe series of the whole field of the experimental model of complex planar structure based on the obtained pictures, and obtain the results Bring in the above formula for calculation, and automatically divide the plastic zone of the model quantitatively according to the obtained results. The invention can conveniently, quickly and accurately identify the plastic zone range of a two-dimensional complex structure model under bidirectional loading conditions.
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1为本发明一种实施例中用于识别平面复杂结构模型塑性区的实验系统的结构框图；Fig. 1 is a structural block diagram of an experimental system for identifying the plastic zone of a planar complex structure model in an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明一种实施例中加载箱的分解结构示意图；2 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a loading box in an embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明一种实施例中处于施力状态的四个滑动台与平面复杂结构实验模型的位置示意图；3 is a schematic diagram of the positions of four sliding tables and an experimental model of a complex planar structure in a force-applying state in an embodiment of the present invention;
图4为本发明一种实施例中白光的四步相移法光路图；Fig. 4 is a four-step phase shift method light path diagram of white light in an embodiment of the present invention;
图5为本发明一种实施例中单色光的六步相移法光路图。Fig. 5 is an optical path diagram of a six-step phase shift method for monochromatic light in an embodiment of the present invention.
其中，图2至图3中：Among them, in Figure 2 to Figure 3:
1-转接板；2-压板；3-铜套；4-油封；5-密封圈；6-导向杆；7-燕尾型部件；8-挡板；9-滑动台；91-第一滑动台；92-第二滑动台；93-第三滑动台；94-第四滑动台；10-箱体；11-石英窗口；12-上盖；13-密封条。1- adapter plate; 2- pressure plate; 3- copper sleeve; 4- oil seal; 5- seal ring; 6-guide rod; 7- dovetail part; 8- baffle plate; 9- sliding table; 91- first sliding Table; 92-The second sliding table; 93-The third sliding table; 94-The fourth sliding table; 10-Box body; 11-Quartz window; 12-Upper cover; 13-Sealing strip.
20-平面复杂结构实验模型。20-Plane complex structure experimental model.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本领域的技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案，下面结合实 验方法、实验系统、附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with experimental methods, experimental systems, drawings and specific embodiments.
请参考图1和图2，图1为本发明一种实施例中用于识别平面复杂结构模型塑性区的实验系统的结构框图；图2为本发明一种实施例中加载箱的分解结构示意图。Please refer to Figures 1 and 2. Figure 1 is a structural block diagram of an experimental system for identifying the plastic zone of a planar complex structure model in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a loading box in an embodiment of the present invention .
本发明提供了一种用于识别平面复杂结构模型塑性区的实验系统，包括3D打印机、加载实验机、加载箱、透射式光弹实验系统和控制装置。The invention provides an experimental system for identifying the plastic zone of a plane complex structure model, which includes a 3D printer, a loading test machine, a loading box, a transmission photoelastic test system and a control device.
3D打印机的作用为用于打印满足试验要求的平面复杂结构实验模型20，其中平面复杂结构实验模型20优选透明材料形成，例如可以使用具有暂时双折射效应的透明光敏树脂材料进行打印，内部可以嵌入各种复杂结构，例如颗粒、孔隙、裂隙、节理等，其数字模型可以对真实地质体进行CT(英文为：Computed Tomography；中文为电子计算机断层扫描)扫描重构得到，也可以用软件人工构建。图3中平面复杂结构试验模型20的截面中仅示意出了不同结构的空隙和裂纹，当然平面复杂结构试验模型20的内部结构不局限于本文图中所示，还可以为其他方结构。The function of the 3D printer is to print the experimental model 20 with complex planar structure that meets the test requirements. The experimental model 20 with complex planar structure is preferably formed of a transparent material. For example, a transparent photosensitive resin material with a temporary birefringence effect can be used for printing, and the interior can be embedded A variety of complex structures, such as particles, pores, cracks, joints, etc., can be reconstructed by CT (Computed Tomography in English; Computed Tomography in Chinese) scanning of real geological bodies, or manually constructed by software. . The cross-section of the plane complex structure test model 20 in FIG. 3 only illustrates the voids and cracks of different structures. Of course, the internal structure of the plane complex structure test model 20 is not limited to those shown in the figure herein, and can also be other square structures.
需要说明的是，暂时双折射效应指材料在无应力状态下没有双折射效应，当这种材料产生应力后，会有双折射效应，当应力解除后，这种双折射效应会消失。暂时双折射效应是进行光弹试验的基础。It should be noted that the temporary birefringence effect means that the material has no birefringence effect in an unstressed state. When the material is stressed, there will be a birefringence effect. When the stress is relieved, the birefringence effect will disappear. Temporary birefringence is the basis for photoelastic testing.
本发明的一种具体实验中打印材料可以为VeroClear，内嵌复杂结构可以由低强度的支撑材料SUP706填充，打印完成的测试模型经过整体打磨、抛光处理，呈现出很高的透明度、表面平整度以及较好的应力敏感性。In a specific experiment of the present invention, the printing material can be VeroClear, and the embedded complex structure can be filled with a low-strength support material SUP706. The printed test model has been polished and polished as a whole, showing high transparency and surface flatness. And better stress sensitivity.
在制备平面复杂结构实验模型20结构时，可以根据实际的工程地质参数，根据相似理论对实验模型进行缩小，确定合适的模型尺寸；具体的，内嵌的复杂结构根据研究目的的不同，可以选择不同的形状。When preparing the structure of the experimental model 20 of the planar complex structure, the experimental model can be reduced according to the actual engineering geological parameters and the similar theory to determine the appropriate model size; specifically, the embedded complex structure can be selected according to the different research purposes. Different shapes.
通过CT扫描获取数字模型实现平面复杂结构实验模型20的打印为现有技术，本文不做赘述。The digital model obtained by CT scanning to realize the printing of the experimental model 20 of the planar complex structure is the prior art, which will not be described in detail herein.
加载实验机主要是用于对平面复杂结构实验模型20施加满足实验要求的作用力，该作用力可以为单轴作用力、也可以为双轴作用力或者更多方向的作用力。本文以施加双轴作用力为例，继续介绍技术方案和技术效果。The loading test machine is mainly used to apply a force that meets the experimental requirements on the plane complex structure experimental model 20. The force may be a uniaxial force, a biaxial force or a force in more directions. This article takes the application of biaxial force as an example to continue to introduce the technical solutions and technical effects.
实现双轴作用力施加的加载实验机优选双轴同步平面加载实验机，包 括两组压头，每一组压头包括两个同轴且相对设置的压头，两组压头分别定义为第一压头组和第二压头组，第一压头组的两压头可以施加沿第一方向的作用力，第二压头组的两压头可以施加第二方向的作用力。其中本文优选第一方向和第二方向垂直。第一方向可以为水平方向，例如图3所示中F2和F4所处的方向为第一方向，第二方向可以为竖直方向，例如F1和F3所处方向。The loading test machine that realizes the application of biaxial force is preferably a dual-axis synchronous plane loading test machine, which includes two sets of indenters, each set of indenters includes two coaxial and oppositely arranged indenters, and the two sets of indenters are defined as the first An indenter group and a second indenter group, the two indenters of the first indenter group can apply a force in a first direction, and the two indenters of the second indenter group can apply a force in a second direction. Here, it is preferred that the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular. The first direction may be a horizontal direction, for example, the direction where F2 and F4 are located in FIG. 3 is the first direction, and the second direction may be a vertical direction, such as the direction where F1 and F3 are located.
本发明中的加载箱包括形成有实验腔的箱体，实验腔用于放置平面复杂结构实验模型20以及容纳与平面复杂结构实验模型20相匹配的折射率匹配液。折射率匹配液用于补偿实验过程中平面复杂结构实验模型20厚度的不均匀。The loading box in the present invention includes a box body formed with an experimental cavity, and the experimental cavity is used for placing the experimental model 20 of the planar complex structure and accommodating the refractive index matching liquid matched with the experimental model 20 of the planar complex structure. The refractive index matching liquid is used to compensate for the uneven thickness of the experimental model 20 with a complex planar structure during the experiment.
平面复杂结构实验模型20在实验受力时会产生塑性变形，其厚度会出现不均匀变化，为了后续透射式光弹实验系统中光线在厚度不均匀的地方避免发生折射现象，塑性区应力大条纹级数多，折射率匹配液能够补偿模型厚度的不均匀，使得模型每一个地方的厚度均匀一致，消除光线在模型厚度不均匀地方发生折射现象，以此来识别到更多、更清晰的条纹。The experimental model 20 with a complex planar structure will undergo plastic deformation when the experiment is stressed, and its thickness will change unevenly. In order to avoid refraction in the non-uniform thickness of the light in the subsequent transmission photoelastic experiment system, the plastic zone stress is large streaks There are many levels, and the refractive index matching fluid can compensate for the uneven thickness of the model, make the thickness of each part of the model uniform, eliminate the phenomenon of light refraction in the uneven thickness of the model, so as to identify more and clearer fringes .
本发明中折射率匹配液优选与平面复杂结构实验模型20折射率一致的均匀透明溶液。The refractive index matching liquid in the present invention is preferably a uniform transparent solution with the same refractive index as the experimental model 20 with a complex planar structure.
透射式光弹实验系统，包括白光光源、两种单色光源和透镜，能够根据相移法获取白光和不同单色光源下平面复杂结构实验模型20等倾线和等色线条纹图片。其中透射式光弹实验系统包括相机、光源、包括各类透镜的光弹仪，其中光弹仪包括分析镜A、起偏镜P、第一1/4波片Qp镜组、第二1/4波片Q A镜组等部件。本文中的相机优选CCD(英文Charge coupled Device；中文为：电荷耦合元件)相机。 The transmissive photoelastic experiment system includes a white light source, two monochromatic light sources and a lens. It can obtain the isometric and isochromatic fringe pictures of the experimental model 20 of complex planar structures under the white light and different monochromatic light sources according to the phase shift method. The transmission type photoelastic experiment system includes a camera, a light source, and a photoelastic instrument including various lenses. The photoelastic instrument includes an analysis lens A, a polarizer P, a first quarter-wave plate Qp lens group, and a second 1/ 4 wave plate Q A lens group and other components. The camera in this article is preferably a CCD (Charge coupled Device in English; Charge coupled Device in Chinese) camera.
一种具体实施例中，透射式光弹实验系统可以发出白光和两种单色光，利用白光四步相移法可以拍摄四幅相移图片，根据单色光六步相移法可以拍摄两种单色光的各自六幅移图片。将上述获得的各图片用于后续控制装置的研究分析。白光四步相移法光路图请参考图4，单色光六步相移法的光路图请参考图5。In a specific embodiment, the transmissive photoelastic experiment system can emit white light and two kinds of monochromatic lights. The white light four-step phase shift method can be used to take four phase shift pictures, and the monochromatic light six-step phase shift method can take two kinds of pictures. Each of the six shifted pictures of monochromatic light. The pictures obtained above are used for the subsequent research and analysis of the control device. Please refer to Fig. 4 for the optical path diagram of the white light four-step phase shift method, and refer to Fig. 5 for the optical path diagram of the monochromatic light six-step phase shift method.
控制装置用于根据所获取的等倾线和等色线条纹图片得出各单色光下的条纹级数N，并根据预存的分析模块判断出所述平面复杂结构实验模型 20应力集中区域的塑性区。The control device is used to obtain the fringe series N under each monochromatic light according to the obtained isoclinic and isochromatic fringe pictures, and to determine the stress concentration area of the experimental model 20 of the planar complex structure according to the pre-stored analysis module Plastic zone.
其中条纹级数N可以通过内置于控制装置的软件自动判别两种不同单色光下模型的条纹级数N。Among them, the fringe series N can be automatically judged by the software built in the control device for the fringe series N of the two different monochromatic light models.
本发明中的模块可以具体包括：依据公式
Figure PCTCN2019130036-appb-000003
进行计算，当D等于零时，该区域为弹性区，当D大于零时，该区域为塑性区； The module in the present invention may specifically include: According to the formula
Figure PCTCN2019130036-appb-000003
Calculate, when D is equal to zero, the area is an elastic zone, when D is greater than zero, the area is a plastic zone;
其中，(Nλ) 1是在第一种单色光光源下，单色光波长λ与相应模型条纹级数N的乘积，(Nλ) 2是在第二种单色光光源下，单色光波长λ与相应模型条纹级数N的乘积。 Among them, (Nλ) 1 is the product of the monochromatic light wavelength λ and the corresponding model fringe series N under the first monochromatic light source, (Nλ) 2 is the second monochromatic light source, the monochromatic light The product of the wavelength λ and the corresponding model fringe series N.
此外，本发明还提供了一种用于识别平面复杂结构模型塑性区的实验方法，包括以下步骤：In addition, the present invention also provides an experimental method for identifying the plastic zone of a complex planar structure model, which includes the following steps:
S10、利用3D打印机打印符合实验要求的透明平面复杂结构实验模型20；其中，所述平面复杂结构实验模型20的最大厚度满足光透过要求S10. Use a 3D printer to print a transparent planar complex structure experimental model 20 that meets the experimental requirements; wherein the maximum thickness of the planar complex structure experimental model 20 meets the light transmission requirements
S11、将平面复杂结构实验模型20放置于加载箱，向加载箱内部注入透明折射率匹配液，其中所述折射率匹配液的折射率与所述平面复杂结构实验模型20的折射率一致，以用于补偿试验过程中所述平面复杂结构实验模型20厚度的不均匀；S11. Place the plane complex structure experimental model 20 in the loading box, and inject a transparent refractive index matching liquid into the loading box, wherein the refractive index of the refractive index matching liquid is consistent with the refractive index of the plane complex structure experimental model 20 to Used to compensate for the uneven thickness of the experimental model 20 of the planar complex structure during the test;
S12、控制加载实验机对位于加载箱内部的平面复杂结构实验模型20施加沿第一方向和第二方向的作用力，根据相移法获取白光和不同单色光源下所述平面复杂结构实验模型20等倾线和等色线条纹图片；S12. Control the loading test machine to apply forces in the first direction and the second direction to the plane complex structure experimental model 20 located inside the loading box, and obtain the plane complex structure experimental model under white light and different monochromatic light sources according to the phase shift method 20 isoclinic and isochromatic stripe pictures;
具体地，可以基于“白光四步相移法”拍摄的四幅相移图片和基于单色光“六步相移法”拍摄的六幅相移图片；试验时，打开光源和CCD相机，调整好相机的角度、曝光时间，要保证拍摄出的图片不出现过爆和欠爆的现象，然后通过双轴同步加载实验机对模型施加双向应力，当达到设定应力值时，停止加载。Specifically, four phase shift pictures taken based on the "white light four-step phase shift method" and six phase shift pictures taken based on the monochromatic light "six-step phase shift method" can be used; during the test, turn on the light source and the CCD camera and adjust The angle and exposure time of the camera should be ensured that the captured pictures do not show over-explosion or under-explosion, and then apply bidirectional stress to the model through a dual-axis synchronous loading test machine. When the set stress value is reached, the loading is stopped.
图4为白光的四步相移法光路布置示意图，分别设置旋转角度β等于0、π/8、π/4、3π/8，获得四组不同偏振角度的光弹条纹图；拍摄完毕后，切换到两种单色光作为光源，图5为单色光的六步相移法光路布置示意图， 设置起偏镜1/4波片镜组中每个波片角度γ依次等于0、0、0、π/4、π/2、3π/4，对应的分析镜镜组中每个波片角度β依次等于π/4、3π/4、0、π/4、π/2、3π/4，拍摄六幅不同偏振角度的光弹条纹图片。Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the optical path layout of the four-step phase shift method for white light. The rotation angle β is set to be 0, π/8, π/4, and 3π/8 respectively to obtain four sets of photoelastic fringe patterns with different polarization angles; after shooting, Switch to two kinds of monochromatic light as the light source. Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the optical path arrangement of the six-step phase shift method of monochromatic light. 0, π/4, π/2, 3π/4, the angle β of each wave plate in the corresponding analysis mirror group is sequentially equal to π/4, 3π/4, 0, π/4, π/2, 3π/4 , Take six photos of photoelastic fringes with different polarization angles.
S13、根据所获取的等倾线和等色线条纹图片得出各单色光下的条纹级数N，并根据预存的分析模块判断出所述平面复杂结构实验模型20应力集中区域的塑性区。S13. Obtain the fringe series N under each monochromatic light according to the obtained isoclinic and isochromatic fringe pictures, and determine the plastic zone in the stress concentration area of the planar complex structure experimental model 20 according to the pre-stored analysis module .
具体地，可以依据公式
Figure PCTCN2019130036-appb-000004
进行计算，当D等于零时，该区域为弹性区，当D大于零时，该区域为塑性区。 Specifically, it can be based on the formula
Figure PCTCN2019130036-appb-000004
Calculate, when D is equal to zero, the area is an elastic zone, when D is greater than zero, the area is a plastic zone.
其中，(Nλ) 1是在第一种单色光光源下，单色光波长λ与相应模型条纹级数N的乘积，(Nλ) 2是在第二种单色光光源下，单色光波长λ与相应模型条纹级数N的乘积。 Among them, (Nλ) 1 is the product of the monochromatic light wavelength λ and the corresponding model fringe series N under the first monochromatic light source, (Nλ) 2 is the second monochromatic light source, the monochromatic light The product of the wavelength λ and the corresponding model fringe series N.
本发明仅是给出了一种具体的实验方法，以上各步骤可以并非按照上述顺序进行，顺序可调。The present invention only provides a specific experimental method, and the above steps may not be performed in the above order, and the order is adjustable.
从以上描述可以知，平面复杂结构实验模型20放置在盛有折射率匹配液的加载箱中，然后通过控制装置控制加载实验机，给平面模型施加双向压力，同时结合白光的四步相移法和单色光的六步相移法分别获取模型的等倾线和等色线条纹图片，控制装置可以基于所获得的图片来获取平面复杂结构实验模型20全场的条纹级数，并将所得结果带入上述公式进行计算，根据所得结果自动对模型的塑性区进行定量划分。本发明能够方便、快捷、准确的识别二维复杂结构模型在双向加载条件下的塑性区范围。It can be seen from the above description that the plane complex structure experimental model 20 is placed in the loading box containing the refractive index matching liquid, and then the loading test machine is controlled by the control device to apply bidirectional pressure to the plane model, and the four-step phase shift method of white light is combined at the same time. And the six-step phase shift method of monochromatic light to obtain the isoclinic and isochromatic fringe pictures of the model. The control device can obtain the fringe series of the experimental model 20 of the planar complex structure based on the obtained pictures, and obtain The results are brought into the above formula for calculation, and the plastic zone of the model is automatically classified quantitatively according to the obtained results. The invention can conveniently, quickly and accurately identify the plastic zone range of a two-dimensional complex structure model under bidirectional loading conditions.
实现上述功能的加载箱的结构可以有多种形式，以下给出了一种具体的实施方式。The structure of the loading box that realizes the above-mentioned functions can have various forms, and a specific implementation manner is given below.
上述各实施例中，箱体10的前后两侧壁具有相对设置的两个透明部，以便透射式光弹实验系统所发出光线透过。也就是说，透射式光弹实验系统的发光源设置于箱体的一侧。In the foregoing embodiments, the front and rear side walls of the box body 10 have two oppositely arranged transparent parts, so that the light emitted by the transmissive photoelastic experiment system can pass through. That is to say, the light source of the transmissive photoelastic experiment system is set on one side of the box.
其中，透明部的材料可以为透明石英玻璃。如图2中，侧壁上设置有石英窗口11。当然，透明部材料不局限于上述透明石英玻璃，还可以为其它。Wherein, the material of the transparent part may be transparent quartz glass. As shown in Fig. 2, a quartz window 11 is provided on the side wall. Of course, the material of the transparent part is not limited to the above-mentioned transparent quartz glass, and may also be other.
为了方便实验模型的放置，箱体10的顶壁设置上盖12。上盖12通过 密封条13与箱体10密封。In order to facilitate the placement of the experimental model, an upper cover 12 is provided on the top wall of the box body 10. The upper cover 12 is sealed with the box body 10 by a sealing strip 13.
上述各实施例中，为了实现力的传递，箱体10的左右两侧壁、上下两侧壁均设置有通孔，需要说明的是，此处左右、上下均是以图2中所示加载箱各部件之间的相对位置关系为参照，仅为了实现技术方案描述的简洁，便于本领域内技术人员的理解。本领域内技术人员应当理解，本文中方位词的使用不应限制其保护范围。In the above embodiments, in order to realize the transmission of force, the left and right side walls, and the upper and lower side walls of the box body 10 are provided with through holes. It should be noted that the left, right, and upper and lower sides are loaded as shown in FIG. 2. The relative positional relationship between the various components of the box is for reference, which is only to achieve the concise description of the technical solution, and facilitate the understanding of those skilled in the art. Those skilled in the art should understand that the use of location words in this article should not limit the scope of protection.
通孔安装有传力组件，传力组件包括依次连接的转接板1、导向杆6和滑动台9，转接板1位于箱体10外部，用于与加载实验机的施力部连接加载实验机的施力部可以为压头。导向杆6与通孔周向密封滑动，滑动台9位于箱体10内部，滑动台9具有与平面复杂结构实验模型20相接触的抵靠面。The through hole is equipped with a force transmission component. The force transmission component includes an adapter plate 1, a guide rod 6 and a sliding table 9, which are connected in sequence. The adapter plate 1 is located outside the box body 10 and is used to connect to the force application part of the loading test machine. The force application part of the testing machine may be an indenter. The guide rod 6 seals and slides with the through hole in the circumferential direction, the sliding table 9 is located inside the box body 10, and the sliding table 9 has an abutting surface that is in contact with the experimental model 20 of a complex planar structure.
转接板1上设置有与加载实验机的压头连接的结构，具体结构可以根据具体环境设置，在此不做详述。The adapter plate 1 is provided with a structure connected with the pressure head of the loading test machine, and the specific structure can be set according to the specific environment, which will not be described in detail here.
平面复杂结构实验模型20在双向受力的作用下，其体积是会发生变化，逐渐变小，而连接燕尾型部件的导向杆位置是固定的，因此为了避免相邻滑动台之间卡死，本文还进行了以下设置。Under the action of two-way force, the experimental model 20 of the planar complex structure will change its volume and gradually become smaller, and the position of the guide rod connecting the dovetail components is fixed, so in order to avoid jamming between adjacent sliding tables, This article also made the following settings.
请参考图3，图3为本发明一种实施例中处于施力状态的四个滑动台与平面复杂结构实验模型的位置示意图。Please refer to FIG. 3, which is a schematic diagram of the positions of the four sliding tables and the experimental model of the planar complex structure in a force-applying state in an embodiment of the present invention.
在一种具体的实施方式中，导向杆6与滑动台9二者通过滚动部件滚动连接，滚动部件可以为滚轴或者钢珠，以便滑动台9的抵靠面相对燕尾型部件沿垂直于施力方向平面上下或左右往复滑动。In a specific embodiment, the guide rod 6 and the sliding table 9 are connected by rolling components, which can be rollers or steel balls, so that the abutment surface of the sliding table 9 is perpendicular to the dovetail member. The direction plane slides back and forth up and down or left and right.
在一种具体的实施方式中，传力组件还可以包括燕尾型部件7，导向杆通过燕尾型部件7连接滑动台9，滑动台9具有朝向导向杆6开口的燕尾槽，燕尾型部件7位于燕尾槽内部，滚动部件设置于燕尾型部件7与燕尾槽的槽底。In a specific embodiment, the force transmission assembly may further include a dovetail member 7, the guide rod is connected to the sliding table 9 through the dovetail member 7, the sliding table 9 has a dovetail groove that opens toward the guide rod 6, and the dovetail member 7 is located Inside the dovetail groove, rolling parts are arranged at the bottom of the dovetail part 7 and the dovetail groove.
这样，当平面复杂结构实验模型20受力变形时，滑动台9可以根据彼此之间的受力情况，发生相应位移，避免运动卡死，使各方向的力正常施加于平面复杂结构实验模型20的相应侧面。如图3所示，本文将滑动台9定义为第一滑动台91、第二滑动台92、第三滑动台93和第四滑动台94，各滑动台首尾依次搭接抵靠，围成平面复杂结构实验模型20的放置空间。 第一滑动台91的首端抵靠第四滑动台93的抵靠面尾部，第二滑动台92的首端抵靠第一滑动台91的抵靠面尾部，第三滑动台93的首端抵靠抵靠第二滑动台92抵靠面尾部，第四滑动台94的首端抵靠第三滑动台93的抵靠面尾部。In this way, when the plane complex structure experimental model 20 is deformed by force, the sliding table 9 can be displaced according to the force between each other to avoid motion jamming, so that the forces in various directions are normally applied to the plane complex structure experimental model 20. The corresponding side. As shown in Figure 3, this article defines the sliding platform 9 as a first sliding platform 91, a second sliding platform 92, a third sliding platform 93, and a fourth sliding platform 94. Placement space for the experimental model 20 of the complex structure. The head end of the first sliding table 91 abuts against the tail of the abutting surface of the fourth sliding table 93, the head end of the second sliding table 92 abuts against the tail of the abutting surface of the first sliding table 91, and the head end of the third sliding table 93 The second sliding table 92 abuts against the rear of the abutting surface, and the head end of the fourth sliding table 94 abuts against the rear of the abutting surface of the third sliding table 93.
当实验受力时，因平面复杂结构实验模型20受力体积变小，各滑动台可以相对移动，以使抵靠面始终于平面复杂结构实验模型20接触。When the force is applied to the experiment, the volume of the experimental model 20 of the complex planar structure becomes smaller, and each sliding table can move relatively, so that the abutting surface is always in contact with the experimental model 20 of the planar complex structure.
进一步地，传力组件还包括压板2、铜套3、油封4和密封圈5，导向杆6通过油封4、密封圈5与通孔周向密封滑动；压板2和铜套3设置于转接板1和箱体10外壁之间。Further, the force transmission assembly further includes a pressure plate 2, a copper sleeve 3, an oil seal 4, and a sealing ring 5. The guide rod 6 passes through the oil seal 4, the sealing ring 5 and the through hole to seal and slide in the circumferential direction; the pressure plate 2 and the copper sleeve 3 are arranged in the adapter Between the board 1 and the outer wall of the box body 10.
上述各部件形成的传力组件既可以实现导向杆6与通孔的密封滑动，又可以实现力的有效传递。The force transmission assembly formed by the above components can not only realize the sealing sliding of the guide rod 6 and the through hole, but also realize the effective transmission of force.
当然，传力组件还可以进一步包括挡板8，以限制滑动台的位移，避免滑动位移过大燕尾型部件自燕尾槽脱出。Of course, the force transmission assembly may further include a baffle 8 to limit the displacement of the sliding table and avoid excessive sliding displacement of the dovetail component from falling out of the dovetail groove.
加载实验机、透射式光弹实验系统其他方面的资料请参考现有技术，本文不做赘述。Please refer to the prior art for other materials of the loading test machine and the transmission photoelastic test system, which will not be repeated in this article.
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。对于实施例公开的装置而言，由于其与实施例公开的方法相对应，所以描述的比较简单，相关之处参见方法部分说明即可。The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. Each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments, and the same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other. For the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the description of the method part.
本领域内技术人员还可以进一步意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤，能够以电子硬件、计算机软件或者二者的结合来实现，为了清楚地说明硬件和软件的可互换性，在上述说明中已经按照功能一般性地描述了各示例的组成及步骤。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请的范围。Those skilled in the art may further realize that the units and algorithm steps of the examples described in the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented by electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of the two, in order to clearly illustrate the hardware and For the interchangeability of software, the composition and steps of each example have been generally described in accordance with the function in the above description. Whether these functions are executed by hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraint conditions of the technical solution. Professionals and technicians can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.
结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的方法或算法的步骤可以直接用硬件、处理器执行的软件模块，或者二者的结合来实施。软件模块可以置于随机存储器(RAM)、内存、只读存储器(ROM)、电可编程ROM、电可擦除可编程ROM、寄存器、硬盘、可移动磁盘、CD-ROM、或技术领域内所公 知的任意其它形式的存储介质中。对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本申请。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本申请的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。The steps of the method or algorithm described in the embodiments disclosed in this document can be directly implemented by hardware, a software module executed by a processor, or a combination of the two. The software module can be placed in random access memory (RAM), internal memory, read-only memory (ROM), electrically programmable ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM, registers, hard disks, removable disks, CD-ROMs, or all areas in the technical field. Any other known storage media. The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be obvious to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the application.

Claims (10)

  1. 一种用于识别平面复杂结构模型塑性区的实验系统，其特征在于，该实验系统包括以下部件：An experimental system for identifying the plastic zone of a plane complex structure model, characterized in that the experimental system includes the following components:
    3D打印机，用于打印满足实验要求的平面复杂结构实验模型；3D printer, used to print experimental models of complex planar structures that meet the experimental requirements;
    加载箱，包括形成有实验腔的箱体，所述实验腔用于放置所述平面复杂结构实验模型以及容纳与所述平面复杂结构实验模型相匹配的折射率匹配液；其中，所述折射率匹配液用于补偿实验过程中所述平面复杂结构实验模型厚度的不均匀；The loading box includes a box body formed with an experimental cavity, and the experimental cavity is used to place the experimental model of the planar complex structure and contain the refractive index matching liquid that matches the experimental model of the planar complex structure; wherein, the refractive index The matching liquid is used to compensate for the uneven thickness of the experimental model of the planar complex structure during the experiment;
    加载实验机，用于对所述平面复杂结构实验模型施加满足试验要求的作用力；A loading test machine, used to apply a force that meets the test requirements to the experimental model of the planar complex structure;
    透射式光弹实验系统，包括白光光源、至少两种单色光源以及透镜，能够根据相移法获取白光和不同单色光源下所述平面复杂结构实验模型等倾线和等色线条纹图片；The transmission type photoelastic experiment system includes a white light source, at least two monochromatic light sources, and a lens, which can obtain isotilt and isochromatic fringe pictures of the planar complex structure experimental model under white light and different monochromatic light sources according to the phase shift method;
    控制装置，用于根据所获取的等倾线和等色线条纹图片得出各单色光下的条纹级数N，并根据预存的分析模块判断出所述平面复杂结构实验模型应力集中区域的塑性区；The control device is used to obtain the fringe series N under each monochromatic light according to the obtained isoclinic and isochromatic fringe pictures, and to determine the stress concentration area of the experimental model of the planar complex structure according to the pre-stored analysis module Plastic zone
    其中，所述平面复杂结构实验模型的最大厚度满足所述透射式光弹实验系统的光透过要求。Wherein, the maximum thickness of the experimental model of the planar complex structure meets the light transmission requirements of the transmission photoelastic experimental system.
  2. 如权利要求1所述的用于识别平面复杂结构模型塑性区的实验系统，其特征在于，所述箱体的前后两侧壁具有相对设置的两个透明部，以便所述透射式光弹实验系统所发出光线透过。The experimental system for identifying the plastic zone of a plane complex structure model according to claim 1, wherein the front and rear side walls of the box body have two transparent parts arranged opposite to each other, so that the transmissive photoelastic experiment The light emitted by the system is transmitted through.
  3. 如权利要求2所述的用于识别平面复杂结构模型塑性区的实验系统，其特征在于，所述透明部的材料为透明石英玻璃。The experimental system for identifying the plastic zone of a planar complex structure model according to claim 2, wherein the material of the transparent part is transparent quartz glass.
  4. 如权利要求2所述的用于识别平面复杂结构模型塑性区的实验系统，其特征在于，所述箱体的左右两侧壁、上下两侧壁均设置有通孔，所述通孔安装有传力组件，所述传力组件包括依次连接的转接板、导向杆和滑动台，所述转接板位于所述箱体外部，用于与所述加载实验机的施力部连接；所述导向杆与所述通孔周向密封滑动，所述滑动台位于所述箱体内部，所述滑动台具有与所述平面复杂结构实验模型相接触的抵靠面。The experimental system for identifying the plastic zone of a plane complex structure model according to claim 2, wherein the left and right side walls and the upper and lower side walls of the box body are provided with through holes, and the through holes are installed with The force transmission component includes an adapter plate, a guide rod, and a sliding table that are connected in sequence, and the adapter plate is located outside the box and is used to connect with the force applying part of the loading test machine; The guide rod and the through hole seal and slide in a circumferential direction, the sliding table is located inside the box body, and the sliding table has an abutting surface in contact with the experimental model of the planar complex structure.
  5. 如权利要求4所述的用于识别平面复杂结构模型塑性区的实验系统，其特征在于，所述导向杆与所述滑动台二者通过滚动部件滚动连接，以便实验施加力时，在所述滚动部件的作用下，各所述滑动台能够相对移动，以使各所述滑动台的抵靠面始终处于与所述平面复杂结构实验模型的相应表面接触状态。The experimental system for identifying the plastic zone of a plane complex structure model according to claim 4, characterized in that the guide rod and the sliding table are connected by rolling components, so that when the force is applied in the experiment, the Under the action of the rolling component, each of the sliding tables can move relatively, so that the abutting surface of each of the sliding tables is always in contact with the corresponding surface of the experimental model of the planar complex structure.
  6. 如权利要求5所述的用于识别平面复杂结构模型塑性区的实验系统，其特征在于，还包括燕尾型部件，所述导向杆通过所述燕尾型部件连接所述滑动台，所述滑动台具有朝向所述导向杆开口的燕尾槽，所述燕尾型部件位于所述燕尾槽内部，所述滚动部件为设置于所述燕尾型部件与所述燕尾槽的槽底二者之间的滚珠或滚轴。The experimental system for identifying the plastic zone of a planar complex structure model according to claim 5, further comprising a dovetail component, the guide rod is connected to the sliding table through the dovetail component, and the sliding table There is a dovetail groove that opens toward the guide rod, the dovetail member is located inside the dovetail groove, and the rolling member is a ball or ball disposed between the dovetail member and the bottom of the dovetail groove roller.
  7. 如权利要求4所述的用于识别平面复杂结构模型塑性区的实验系统，其特征在于，所述传力组件还包括压板、铜套、油封和密封圈，所述导向杆通过所述油封和所述密封圈与所述通孔周向密封滑动；所述压板和所述铜套设置于所述转接板和所述箱体外壁之间；The experimental system for identifying the plastic zone of a plane complex structure model according to claim 4, wherein the force transmission component further includes a pressure plate, a copper sleeve, an oil seal and a sealing ring, and the guide rod passes through the oil seal and The sealing ring seals and slides with the through hole in a circumferential direction; the pressure plate and the copper sleeve are arranged between the adapter plate and the outer wall of the box;
    或者/和，Or/and,
    所述加载实验机为双轴同步平面加载实验机，包括两组压头，每一组压头包括两个同轴且相对设置的压头，所述两组压头的轴向相互垂直。The loading test machine is a dual-axis synchronous plane loading test machine, which includes two sets of indenters, each set of indenters includes two coaxial and oppositely arranged indenters, and the axial directions of the two sets of indenters are perpendicular to each other.
  8. 如权利要求1至7任一项所述的用于识别平面复杂结构模型塑性区的实验系统，其特征在于，所述预存的分析模块具体包括：依据公式
    Figure PCTCN2019130036-appb-100001
    进行计算，当D等于零时，该区域为弹性区，当D大于零时，该区域为塑性区；     The experimental system for identifying the plastic zone of a planar complex structure model according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the pre-stored analysis module specifically includes: according to formula
    Figure PCTCN2019130036-appb-100001
    Calculate, when D is equal to zero, the area is an elastic zone, when D is greater than zero, the area is a plastic zone;
    其中，(Nλ) 1是在第一种单色光光源下，单色光波长λ与相应模型条纹级数N的乘积，(Nλ) 2是在第二种单色光光源下，单色光波长λ与相应模型条纹级数N的乘积。 Among them, (Nλ) 1 is the product of the monochromatic light wavelength λ and the corresponding model fringe series N under the first monochromatic light source, (Nλ) 2 is the second monochromatic light source, the monochromatic light The product of the wavelength λ and the corresponding model fringe series N.
  9. 一种用于识别平面复杂结构模型塑性区的实验方法，其特征在于，该实验方法包括以下步骤：An experimental method for identifying the plastic zone of a planar complex structure model, characterized in that the experimental method includes the following steps:
    利用3D打印机打印符合实验要求的透明平面复杂结构实验模型；Use a 3D printer to print a transparent plane complex structure experimental model that meets the experimental requirements;
    将平面复杂结构实验模型放置于加载箱，向加载箱内部注入透明折射率匹配液，其中所述折射率匹配液的折射率与所述平面复杂结构实验模型的折射率一致，以用于补偿试验过程中所述平面复杂结构实验模型厚度的不均匀；Place the plane complex structure experimental model in the loading box, and inject a transparent refractive index matching liquid into the loading box, wherein the refractive index of the refractive index matching liquid is consistent with the refractive index of the plane complex structure experimental model for the compensation test The uneven thickness of the experimental model of the planar complex structure during the process;
    控制加载实验机对位于加载箱内部的平面复杂结构实验模型施加沿第一方向和第二方向的作用力，根据相移法获取白光和两种不同单色光源下所述平面复杂结构实验模型等倾线和等色线条纹图片；The control loading experiment machine applies forces in the first direction and the second direction to the experimental model of the planar complex structure located inside the loading box, and obtains the experimental model of the planar complex structure under the white light and two different monochromatic light sources according to the phase shift method. Tilt line and isochromatic line stripe pictures;
    根据所获取的等倾线和等色线条纹图片得出各光源下的条纹级数N，并根据预存的分析模块判断出所述平面复杂结构实验模型应力集中区域的塑性区；Obtain the fringe series N under each light source according to the obtained isoclinic and isochromatic fringe pictures, and determine the plastic zone in the stress concentration area of the experimental model of the planar complex structure according to the pre-stored analysis module;
    其中，所述平面复杂结构实验模型的最大厚度满足光透过要求。Wherein, the maximum thickness of the experimental model of the planar complex structure meets the light transmission requirement.
  10. 如权利要求9所述的用于识别平面复杂结构模型塑性区的实验方法，其特征在于，基于白光“四步相移法”拍摄的四幅相移图片和基于单色光“六步相移法”拍摄的六幅相移图片；The experimental method for identifying the plastic zone of a plane complex structure model according to claim 9, characterized in that four phase shift pictures taken based on the white light "four-step phase shift method" and the monochromatic light "six-step phase shift method" "Six phase shift pictures taken;
    依据公式
    Figure PCTCN2019130036-appb-100002
    进行计算，当D等于零时，该区域为弹性区，当D大于零时，该区域为塑性区；     According to the formula
    Figure PCTCN2019130036-appb-100002
    Calculate, when D is equal to zero, the area is an elastic zone, when D is greater than zero, the area is a plastic zone;
    其中，(Nλ) 2是在第一种单色光光源下，单色光波长λ与相应模型条纹级数N的乘积，(Nλ) 2是在第二种单色光光源下，单色光波长λ与相应模型条纹级数N的乘积。 Among them, (Nλ) 2 is the product of the monochromatic light wavelength λ and the corresponding model fringe series N under the first monochromatic light source, (Nλ) 2 is the second monochromatic light source, the monochromatic light The product of the wavelength λ and the corresponding model fringe series N.
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