AU2019429806B2 - Method for evaluating degree of complexity of regional geological structure - Google Patents

Method for evaluating degree of complexity of regional geological structure Download PDF

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AU2019429806B2
AU2019429806B2 AU2019429806A AU2019429806A AU2019429806B2 AU 2019429806 B2 AU2019429806 B2 AU 2019429806B2 AU 2019429806 A AU2019429806 A AU 2019429806A AU 2019429806 A AU2019429806 A AU 2019429806A AU 2019429806 B2 AU2019429806 B2 AU 2019429806B2
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Xiuming JIANG
Caifang WU
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
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    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
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Abstract

Disclosed in the present invention is a method for evaluating a degree of complexity of a regional geological structure, which comprises the following steps: step 1: establishing a three-dimensional stratum geological model of regions to be evaluated; step 2: calculating a similarity dimension di of faults in a particular region 5 an by using a box-counting dimension method, and then calculating a stereoscopic dimension Dd of the faults and an intensity I of the faults; step 3: calculating a similarity dimension Zi of folds in the region an by using a box-counting dimension method, and then calculating a stereoscopic dimension Dzs of the folds and a Gaussian curvature K of a fold surface; step 4: calculating an intrusion index Q of magmatic 10 rock in the region an; step 5: calculating a collapse column index M in the region an; step 6: performing normalization processing on the data; and step 7: rating the degree of structural complexity. The present invention can obtain the degree of structural complexity of a region by use of the foregoing steps, thus providing a theoretical basis for future exploration and development of energy and mineral resources.

Description

Disclosed in the present invention is a method for evaluating a degree of complexity of a regional geological structure, which comprises the following steps: step 1: establishing a three-dimensional stratum geological model of regions to be evaluated; step 2: calculating a similarity dimension di of faults in a particular region an by using a box-counting dimension method, and then calculating a stereoscopic dimension Dd of the faults and an intensity I of the faults; step 3: calculating a similarity dimension Zi of folds in the region an by using a box-counting dimension method, and then calculating a stereoscopic dimension Dzs of the folds and a Gaussian curvature K of a fold surface; step 4: calculating an intrusion index Q of magmatic rock in the region an; step 5: calculating a collapse column index M in the region an; step 6: performing normalization processing on the data; and step 7: rating the degree of structural complexity. The present invention can obtain the degree of structural complexity of a region by use of the foregoing steps, thus providing a theoretical basis for future exploration and development of energy and mineral resources.
METHOD FOR EVALUATING DEGREE OF COMPLEXITY OF REGIONAL GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to the field of regional geology evaluation technologies, and in particular, to a method for evaluating a degree of complexity of a regional geological structure.
BACKGROUND
During exploitation of geological and mineral resources in a region, development of its internal geological structure is a key factor influencing the exploitation, which determines the technical and economic requirements in the process of resource exploitation. An evaluation method frequently used at present mainly considers factors such as a planar fractal dimension and a fault strength separately. However, the geological structure in a region is not affected simply by the planar factor, while the tendency and inclination of faults, folds, etc. in the strata also have a significant impact on the degree of structural complexity of the region.
Therefore, it is required to propose an evaluation method based on an actual development status of a geological structure to determine the degree of structural complexity of a region, so as to provide a theoretical basis for future exploitation of geological and mineral resources.
SUMMARY
To overcome the foregoing shortcomings in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for evaluating a degree of complexity of a regional geological structure.
The present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A method for evaluating a degree of complexity of a regional geological structure includes the following steps:
step 1: establishing a three-dimensional stratum geological model of regions to be evaluated;
step 2: calculating a similarity dimension di of faults in a particular region an by using a box-counting dimension method, and then calculating a stereoscopic dimension Dd of the faults and an intensity I of the faults;
step 3: calculating a similarity dimension Zi of folds in the region an by using a box-counting dimension method, and then calculating a stereoscopic dimension Dzs of the folds and a Gaussian curvature K of a fold surface;
step 4: calculating an intrusion index Q of magmatic rock in the region an; step 5: calculating a collapse column index M in the region an; step 6: performing normalization processing on the data; and step 7: rating the degree of structural complexity.
Further, in the foregoing step 1, geological structures, including faults, folds, magmatic rock, and collapse columns, within a study area are marked, and an area in a horizontal plane is divided into square grids of axa, numbered from al to an.
Further, in the foregoing step 2, a three-dimensional geological mass is divided into cubic units of lmxlmxim, each of the cubic units is further divided to obtain secondary cubic units, and the number N(b) of secondary cubic units a fault surface passes through is counted in each cubic unit; then the secondary cubic units are minimized, and b is let to be equal to bo/2, bo/3, bo/4, and bo/8, to obtain corresponding values of N(b); the obtained values are put into a IgN(b)-gb coordinate system, and a straight line is obtained by fitting; a slope of the straight line is solved by the least square method, and an absolute value thereof is a similarity dimension di of the cubic unit; and for a particular unit region an on a surface area, a stereoscopic dimension Dd of the faults in this unit region an is calculated as follows:
Zdi H h,)
D,= H (1)
where Dd is the stereoscopic dimension of the faults in the region an; di is a similarity dimension of a cubic unit the fault surface passes through in the region in the three-dimensional geological mass to be evaluated; hi is a depth of the cubic unit, in m; H is a total thickness of strata in the regions to be evaluated, in m; and n is the number of the faults in this region.
Further, in the foregoing step 2, the intensity I of the faults is calculated as follows:
six h,)
H (2)
where I is the fault intensity; Simax is a maximum projected area of a fault surface in a particular cubic unit on a vertical surface of the unit, in m2 ; hi is a depth of the unit and takes the value of a depth of a central point of the unit, in m; H is a thickness of strata in the regions to be evaluated, in m; and i is the number of faults within the region.
Further, in the foregoing step 3, a three-dimensional geological mass is divided into cubic units oflmxlmxim, each of the cubic units is further divided to obtain secondary cubic units, and the number N(c) of secondary cubic units a fold surface passes through is counted in each cubic unit; then the secondary cubic units are minimized, and c is let to be equal to co/2, co/3, co/4, and co/8, to obtain corresponding values of N(c); the obtained values are put into a IgN(c)-lgc coordinate system, and a straight line is obtained by fitting; a slope of the straight line is solved by the least square method, and an absolute value thereof is a similarity dimension Zi of the cubic unit; folds at different depths are subjected to different vertical principal stresses, and the magnitude of the vertical principal stress is one of criteria for determining a degree of structural complexity of a region; therefore, the depth is taken into consideration as a coefficient in the plane; and for a unit region a, on a surface area, a stereoscopic dimension Dzs of folds in the unit region is calculated as follows:
H (3)
where Dzs is the stereoscopic dimension of the folds in the region an; Zi is a similarity dimension of a cubic unit the fold surface passes through in this region in the three-dimensional geological mass to be evaluated; hi is a depth of the cubic unit, inm; H is a total thickness of strata in the regions to be evaluated, inm; and n is the number of the folds in this region.
Further, in the foregoing step 3, the folds in the three-dimensional strata are characterized by a set of parallel curved surfaces, and thus a bedding plane passing through a cubic unit is used to indicate a fold degree of this unit; and a Gaussian
curvature of the fold surface is calculated, where the fold surface is set to r=(u,v)
E= t x Y F= , x P G= , x
and then
1 2 2 (EG-F ) (4)
where Ki is the Gaussian curvature of the cubic unit;
Z~k,-h,) 1, K= H (5)
where K is a total Gaussian curvature of the region a,; ki is a Gaussian curvature of all fold surfaces in this planar region an; hi is a depth of the cubic unit, in m; H is a total thickness of strata in the regions to be evaluated, in m; and n is the number of folds in this region.
Further, in the foregoing step 4, an intrusion index Q of magmatic rock is used to represent a degree of influence from the magmatic rock in the region an:
E(viXh
Q= H (6)
where Q is the magma intrusion index in the unit region an; vi is a volume of a magma intrusion into the unit, in m3 ; hi is a depth of the unit, in m; H is a total thickness of strata in the regions to be evaluated, in m; and n is the number of magma intrusions in the unit region.
Further, in the foregoing step 5:
v xhj) j- -xB M= H (7)
where M is the collapse column index of the region an; vi is a volume of a collapse column in this region, in m3; hi is a depth of the collapse column, in m; H is a thickness of the strata in the regions to be evaluated, in m; n is the number of collapse columns in this region; and B is a degree of fragmentation of the collapse column, and is quantified to be 1, 2, and 4 in the present invention, which respectively indicate that the strata are relatively complete; the strata are fragmented; and the strata are broken and an original status is basically invisible.
Further, in the foregoing step 6, normalization processing is performed for the foregoing data:
X,' = ~'(8)
where Xi' is a normalized stratum parameter, xi is a parameter of the unit region a, is an average value of the data of the regions ai to a, to be evaluated, and a is a standard deviation between the data of the regions ai to a, to be evaluated; further, the degrees of structural complexity of the regions ai to a, to be evaluated are scored as follows:
Tan=0.23D,+0.21+0.25D+0.21K+0.05Q+0.05M (9)
Further, in the foregoing step 7, the degree of structural complexity is rated as follows:
Rating of the degree of structural complexity of the region an
Degrees of structural complexity Scores of the degrees of complexity
Extremely complex structure Tan>3
Complex structure 2<Tan<3
Moderately complex structure 1<Tan<2 Simple structure Tan<l
The present invention has the following advantageous effects compared to the prior art: A three-dimensional model is constructed in a study area. A similarity dimension of each three-dimensional unit is calculated by using a box-counting dimension method and based on a concept of fractal dimension, and is used to represent a dimension of structural complexity of the study area. Moreover, considering that tendency and angles of inclination of faults and folds cannot be reflected by the dimension of planar complexity of a structure, a fault intensity and fold curvature are introduced herein to represent a degree of structural complexity of a region. The degree of structural complexity of the region can be obtained by the foregoing steps, thus providing a theoretical basis for future exploration and development of energy and mineral resources.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In order to deepen the understanding of the present invention, the present invention is further described below with reference to specific embodiments. The embodiments are merely for explaining the present invention and not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.
A method for evaluating a degree of complexity of a regional geological structure includes the following steps:
Step 1: According to analysis of existing borehole data, well logging interpretation, and seismic data regarding regional geology, a three-dimensional stratum geological model of regions to be evaluated is established by using three-dimensional geological modeling software Petrel, to mark geological structures, including faults, folds, magmatic rock, and collapse columns, within a study area, and to divide an area in a horizontal plane into square grids of axa, numbered from al to an.
Step 2: Because fracture and displacement may occur in strata after a strong tectonic movement, a degree of structural complexity of a region is evaluated from distribution and intensity of faults in this step. A three-dimensional geological mass is divided into cubic units of 1mxImxIm, each of the cubic units is further divided to obtain secondary cubic units, and the number N(b) of secondary cubic units a fault surface passes through is counted in each cubic unit. Then the secondary cubic units are minimized, and b is let to be equal to bo/2, bo/3, bo/4, and bo/8, to obtain corresponding values of N(b). The obtained values are put into a IgN(b)-gb coordinate system, and a straight line is obtained by fitting. A slope of the straight line is solved by the least square method, and an absolute value thereof is a similarity dimension di of the cubic unit. Faults at different depths are subjected to different vertical principal stresses, and the magnitude of the vertical principal stress is one of criteria for determining a degree of structural complexity of a region. Therefore, the depth is taken into consideration as a coefficient in the plane. For a particular unit region an on a surface area, a stereoscopic dimension Dd of the faults in this unit region an is calculated as follows:
Dd,= H (1)
where Dd is the stereoscopic dimension of the faults in the unit region an; di is a similarity dimension of a cubic unit the fault surface passes through in the region in the three-dimensional geological mass to be evaluated; hi is a depth of the cubic unit, in m; H is a total thickness of strata in the regions to be evaluated, in m; and n is the number of the faults in this region.
In the foregoing step 2, the intensity I of the faults is calculated as follows:
n
I1= H (2)
where I is the fault intensity; Simax is a maximum projected area of a fault surface in a particular cubic unit on a vertical surface of the unit, in m2 ; hi is a depth of the unit and takes the value of a depth of a central point of the unit, in m; H is a thickness of the strata in the regions to be evaluated, in m; and i is the number of faults within the region.
Step 3: When the tectonic stress is not strong enough to crush and break up the stratum, folds are produced, which is one of important manifestations of underground stress concentration. The three-dimensional geological mass is divided into cubic units of lmxlmxm, each of the cubic units is further divided to obtain secondary cubic units, and the number N(c) of secondary cubic units a fold surface passes through is counted in each cubic unit. Then the secondary cubic units are minimized, and c is let to be equal to co/2, co/3, co/4, and co/8, to obtain corresponding values of N(c). The obtained values are put into a IgN(c)-lgc coordinate system, and a straight line is obtained by fitting. A slope of the straight line is solved by the least square method, and an absolute value thereof is a similarity dimension Zi of the cubic unit. Folds at different depths are subjected to different vertical principal stresses, and the magnitude of the vertical principal stress is one of criteria for determining a degree of structural complexity of a region. Therefore, the depth is taken into consideration as a coefficient in the plane. For a unit region an on a surface area, a stereoscopic dimension Dzs of folds in the unit region an is calculated as follows:
OZ =,x h,
) 1H (3)
where Dzs is the stereoscopic dimension of the folds in the region; Zi is a similarity dimension of a cubic unit the fold surface passes through in this region in the three-dimensional geological mass to be evaluated; hi is a depth of the cubic unit, in m; H is a total thickness of strata in the regions to be evaluated, in m; and n is the number of the folds in this region.
In the foregoing step 3, the folds in the three-dimensional strata are characterized by a set of parallel curved surfaces, and thus a bedding plane passing through a cubic unit is used to indicate a fold degree of this unit. A Gaussian curvature of the fold
surface is calculated, where the fold surface is set to r=(u,v).
Then, E=f,, X F=f, xf, G=i fx f,
Ki=2 f.' 11 11 f, 1 EG-F2 (4)
where Ki is the Gaussian curvature of the cubic unit.
Zk, xh) K= (5) 201
where K is a total Gaussian curvature of the region an; ki is a Gaussian curvature of all fold surfaces in this planar region an; hi is a depth of the cubic unit, in m; H is a total thickness of strata in the regions to be evaluated, in m; and n is the number of folds in this region an.
Step 4: An intrusion index Q of magmatic rock is used to represent a degree of influence from the magmatic rock in the region an:
E(vh) Q= H (6)
where Q is the magma intrusion index in the unit region a, vi is a volume of a magma intrusion into the unit, in m3 ; hi is a depth of the unit, in m; H is a total thickness of strata in the regions to be evaluated, in m; and n is the number of magma intrusions in the unit region.
Step 5: A collapse column index M is used to represent a degree of structural complexity of the unit region:
vxh,)
M= H (7)
where M is the collapse column index of the region an; vi is a volume of a collapse column in this region, in m3; hi is a depth of the collapse column, in m; H is a thickness of strata in the regions to be evaluated, in m; n is the number of collapse columns in this region; and B is a degree of fragmentation of the collapse column, and is quantified to be 1, 2, and 4 in the present invention, which respectively indicate that the strata are relatively complete; the strata are fragmented; and the strata are broken and an original status is basically invisible.
Step 6: Geologic parameters of the strata vary greatly in dimension and order of magnitude, and therefore normalization processing is required for the foregoing data:
where Xi' is a normalized stratum parameter, xi is a parameter of the unit region a, is an average value of the data of the regions ai to a, to be evaluated, and a is a standard deviation between the data of the regions ai to a, to be evaluated. Further, the degrees of structural complexity of the regions ai to a, to be evaluated are scored as follows:
Tan=0.23Dd,+0.21I+0.25Ds+0.21K+0.05Q+0.05M (9)
Step 7: The degree of structural complexity is rated as follows:
Rating of the degree of structural complexity of the region an
Degrees of structural complexity Scores of the degrees of complexity
Extremely complex structure Tan>3
Complex structure 2<Tan<3
Moderately complex structure 1<Tan<2
Simple structure Tan<l
In the evaluation and analysis on the degree of structural complexity of a region, all indexes are positive and normalized. Therefore, a greater value of T indicates a more complex structure of the region.
The above merely discloses preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Those of ordinary skill in the art can easily make different extensions and variations according to the foregoing embodiments after comprehending the spirit of the present invention. All these extensions and variations fall within the scope of protection of the present invention without departing the spirit of the present invention.
kL>LJNIIVI3
1. A method for evaluating a degree of complexity of a regional geological structure, comprising the following steps:
step 1: establishing a three-dimensional stratum geological model of regions to be evaluated, wherein, geological structures, including faults, folds, magmatic rock, and collapse columns, within a study area are marked, and an area in a horizontal plane is divided into square grids of axa, numbered from al to a,;
step 2: calculating a similarity dimension di of faults in a particular region an by using a box-counting dimension method, and then calculating a stereoscopic dimension Dd of the faults and an intensity I of the faults, wherein Dds is calculated as follows:
dix D= H (1)
wherein di is a similarity dimension of a cubic unit the fault surface passes through in the region in the three-dimensional geological mass to be evaluated; hi is a depth of the cubic unit, in m; H is a total thickness of strata in the regions to be evaluated, in m; and n is the number of the faults in this region; and I is calculated as follows:
Z(si\ xh) I= H (2)
wherein Simax is a maximum projected area of a fault surface in a particular cubic unit on a vertical surface of the unit, in m 2 ; hi is a depth of the unit and takes the value of a depth of a central point of the unit, in m; H is a thickness of strata in the regions to be evaluated, in m; and n is the number of faults within the region;
step 3: calculating a similarity dimension Zi of folds in the region an by using a box-counting dimension method, and then calculating a stereoscopic dimension Dzs of the folds and a Gaussian curvature K of a fold surface, whereing Dzs is calculated as follows:
H (3)
wherein Zi is a similarity dimension of a cubic unit the fold surface passes through

Claims (6)

  1. kL>LJNIIVI3
    in this region an in the three-dimensional geological mass to be evaluated; hi is a depth of the cubic unit, inm; H is a total thickness of strata in the regions to be evaluated, in m; and n is the number of the folds in this region an; and K is calculated as follows: Y1
    H (5)
    wherein ki is a Gaussian curvature of all fold surfaces in this planar region an; hi is a depth of the cubic unit, inm; H is a total thickness of strata in the regions to be evaluated, inm; and n is the number of folds in this region;
    step 4: calculating an intrusion index Q of magmatic rock in the region a, wherein Q is calculated as follows:
    E(v,x,)
    Q= H (6)
    wherein vi is a volume of a magma intrusion into the unit, in in 3 ; hi is a depth of the unit, inm; H is a total thickness of strata in the regions to be evaluated, inm; and n is the number of magma intrusions in the unit region;
    step 5: calculating a collapse column index M in the region a,, wherein M is calculated as follows:
    xB M= H (7)
    wherein vi is a volume of a collapse column in this region, in in 3 ; hi is a depth of the collapse column, inm; H is a thickness of strata in the regions to be evaluated, in m; n is the number of collapse columns in this region; and B is a degree of fragmentation of the collapse column, and is quantified to be 1, 2, and 4, which respectively indicate that the strata are relatively complete; the strata are fragmented; and the strata are broken and an original status is basically invisible;
    step 6: performing normalization processing on the data; and
    step 7: rating the degree of structural complexity based on Dd,I, D, K, Q and M.
  2. 2. The method for evaluating a degree of complexity of a regional geological structure according to claim 1, wherein in the foregoing step 2, a three-dimensional k1-1VN13 geological mass is divided into cubic units of lmxlmxim, each of the cubic units is further divided to obtain secondary cubic units, and the number N(b) of secondary cubic units a fault surface passes through is counted in each cubic unit; then the secondary cubic units are minimized, and b is let to be equal to bo/2, bo/3, bo/4, and bo/8, to obtain corresponding values of N(b); the obtained values are put into a IgN(b)-gb coordinate system, and a straight line is obtained by fitting; a slope of the straight line is solved by the least square method, and an absolute value thereof is a similarity dimension di of the cubic unit; faults at different depths are subjected to different vertical principal stresses, and the magnitude of the vertical principal stress is one of the criteria for determining a degree of structural complexity of a region; therefore, the depth is taken into consideration as a coefficient in the plane.
  3. 3. The method for evaluating a degree of complexity of a regional geological structure according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein in the foregoing step 3, a three-dimensional geological mass is divided into cubic units of 1mxImxIm, each of the cubic units is further divided to obtain secondary cubic units, and the number N(c) of secondary cubic units a fold surface passes through is counted in each cubic unit; then the secondary cubic units are minimized, and c is let to be equal to co/2, co/3, co/4, and co/8, to obtain corresponding values of N(c); the obtained values are put into a IgN(c)-lgc coordinate system, and a straight line is obtained by fitting; a slope of the straight line is solved by the least square method, and an absolute value thereof is a similarity dimension Zi of the cubic unit; folds at different depths are subjected to different vertical principal stresses, and the magnitude of the vertical principal stress is one of the criteria for determining a degree of structural complexity of a region; therefore, the depth is taken into consideration as a coefficient in the plane.
  4. 4. The method for evaluating a degree of complexity of a regional geological structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in the foregoing step 3, the folds in the three-dimensional strata are characterized by a set of parallel curved surfaces, and thus a bedding plane passing through a cubic unit is used to indicate a fold degree of this unit; and a Gaussian curvature of the fold surface is calculated,
    wherein the fold surface is set to r=(u,v),
    E=P x i, F=P, x G=ip x< and then
    ( EG-F2
    wherein Ki is the Gaussian curvature of the cubic unit.
  5. 5. The method for evaluating a degree of complexity of a regional geological structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in the foregoing step 6, the normalization processing is performed for the foregoing data:
    X (8)
    wherein Xi' is a normalized stratum parameter, xi is a parameter of the unit region a, [is an average value of the data of the regions ai to a, to be evaluated, and a is a standard deviation between the data of the regions ai to a, to be evaluated; further, the degrees of structural complexity of the regions ai to a, to be evaluated are scored as follows:
    Tan=0.23D,+0.211+0.25D,,+0.21K+0.05Q+0.05M (9)
  6. 6. The method for evaluating a degree of complexity of a regional geological structure according to claim 5, wherein in the foregoing step 7, the degree of structural complexity is rated as follows:
    Rating of the degree of structural complexity of the region an
    Degrees of structural complexity Scores of the degrees of complexity
    Extremely complex structure Tan>3
    Complex structure 2<Tan<3
    Moderately complex structure 1<Tan<2
    Simple structure Tan<l
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