CN101853522B - Three-dimensional geology modeling system and modeling method thereof - Google Patents
Three-dimensional geology modeling system and modeling method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multidimensional space information quality detecting and analyzing model and a modeling method thereof. The method comprises the following steps of: carrying out the processing of logic inconsistency analysis, data incompletion analysis, data uncertainty analysis, error detection, error analysis, error correction, and the like in the three-dimensional geological modelingprocess by a multisource data analyzing module, an error detecting module, an error analyzing and correcting module, a quality assessing module, a quality standard module, and the like; assessing whether the precision and the reliability of the established three-dimensional geological model meet the practical and applicable requirement or not by the quality assessing module; and further perfecting the quality standard module on the basis of the processing. The method can improve the precision and the reliability of the three-dimensional geological modeling.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of three-dimensional geological modeling and correlation technique thereof, relate in particular to a kind of three-dimensional geological modeling system and modeling method thereof.
Background technology
Three-dimensional geological modeling and The Research of Relevant Technology thereof have become focus since the seventies; And many achievements in research have been obtained; Yet; Because the difficulty obtained of three-dimensional space data, the uncertainty of data, the complicacy of geologic body spatial relationship etc., influence the precision of three-dimensional geological model, its reliability is directly connected to the analysis and the effect of spatial data.Some scholars once pointed out emphatically: the conclusion of the spatial analysis that can not be the basis with accurate data is incorrect, and does not consider that the space information system of quality can produce various rubbish with quickish speed.Therefore, spatial information quality testing in the three-dimensional geological modeling and evaluation problem have become one of challenging problem in the world.
In the prior art, some scholars have successively carried out the research work of association area both at home and abroad.The method that many three-dimensional geological modelings occurred; Introduce famous " ε-error band " such as Chrisman; Begin to carry out the error analysis in image classification and the interpretation process; Shi Wenzhong has developed fiducial interval, binding site and attribute probabilistic " S-band " model of GIS middle conductor, and carries out the error model research of Geometric Features in Three Dimensional GIS; Mallet, Royer etc. adopt advanced interpolation method such as DSI, stochastic simulation, geostatistics to realize continuously, data are uncertain qualitatively calculates; Chiles etc. propose the 3D interpolation technique based on cokriging, the geological interface with the potential field method definition is carried out uncertainty estimate; The fault surface deduction method based on the tomography key element has been studied by Wuqiang County, adopts a plurality of planes to approach the space occurrence of tomography, or the like.
There is following shortcoming at least in above-mentioned prior art:
Learn in the modeling process three-dimensionally, lack the control flow of quality of data detection intuitively, make the precision of three-dimensional geological model and reliability relatively poor.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide the higher three-dimensional geological modeling system of a kind of precision and reliability.
The objective of the invention is to realize through following technical scheme:
Three-dimensional geological modeling of the present invention system comprises input equipment, output device and multidimensional space information quality testing and analytical model;
Said input equipment is used to obtain that the multi-source data of three-dimensional geological modeling is integrated, and said multidimensional space information quality testing and analytical model are used to realize three-dimensional geological modeling, and said output device is used to show the result of three-dimensional geological modeling;
Said multidimensional space information quality testing and analytical model comprise with lower module:
Multi-source data analysis module: be used for integrated logical inconsistency of three-dimensional geological modeling process multi-source data and data imperfection and the uncertainty in the three-dimensional geological modeling process are analyzed;
Error-detecting module: be used for carrying out geometrical detection, attribute detection, algorithm detection and rule detection in the three-dimensional geological modeling process;
Error analysis and correction module: be used for carrying out error analysis and error correction in the three-dimensional geological modeling process;
Quality assessment modules: be used for three-dimensional geological modeling is carried out the assessment of precision and fiduciary level;
Quality standard module: set up the universal standard of three-dimensional geological modeling and be directed against the regional specific criteria of specific modeling;
Said multi-source data analysis module comprises inconsistency module, imperfection module and uncertain module;
Said error-detecting module comprises geometrical detection module, attribute detection module, algorithm detection module and rule detection module;
Said quality standard module comprises universal standard module and specific region module;
Said input equipment comprises virtual reality special image workstation, professional anaglyph spectacles, data sensor gloves, 3D mouse, high-definition digital video camera;
Main flow 3D model file form more than 10 kinds is used, supported to said virtual reality special image workstation based on OpenGL three-dimensional picture industrial standard, the free multiple interactive mode of support, support hyperchannel and distributed virtual reality;
Said output device and a virtual reality special image of input equipment sharing workstation, this workstation support stereo projection display pattern more than at least three kinds, support distributed type assemblies to play up;
Said output device also comprises video matrix switcher, LCD, single channel/hyperchannel stereo projection system, the hard curtain of stereoprojection.
The present invention uses the method that above-mentioned three-dimensional geological modeling system carries out three-dimensional geological modeling, comprises step:
It is integrated at first to carry out multi-source data, carries out solid modelling then, carries out attribute modeling and spatial analysis afterwards, and in modeling process, carries out virtual visual expression;
In above-mentioned steps, carry out following processing through described multidimensional space information quality testing and analytical model:
Carry out the logical inconsistency analysis in the integrated step of multi-source data;
Carry out that multi-source data is integrated, the data imperfection analysis in the solid modelling, attribute modeling procedure;
Data uncertainty in each step of three-dimensional geological modeling is analyzed;
Each step to three-dimensional geological modeling is carried out error-detecting;
According to above-mentioned process result, and the bond quality standard, carry out error analysis and error correction;
Whether precision, fiduciary level through quality evaluation three-dimensional geological model that evaluation is built meet reality and application demand;
On above-mentioned processing basis, improve said quality standard, comprise the general universal standard and the specific criteria that is directed against different three-dimensional geological modeling zones.
Technical scheme by the invention described above provides can be found out; Three-dimensional geological modeling system of the present invention and modeling method thereof; Owing in the three-dimensional geological modeling process, carry out processing such as logical inconsistency analysis, the analysis of data imperfection, data uncertainty analysis, error-detecting, error analysis and error correction through modules such as multi-source data analysis module, error-detecting module, error analysis and correction module, quality assessment modules, quality standard modules; And whether meet reality and application demand through precision, the fiduciary level of quality assessment modules three-dimensional geological model that evaluation is built; And on above-mentioned processing basis, further improve the quality standard module.Make the precision and the reliability of three-dimensional geological modeling higher.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of multidimensional space information quality testing of the present invention and analytical model;
Fig. 2 a is the synoptic diagram of mid point inconsistency of the present invention;
Fig. 2 b is the synoptic diagram of how much inconsistencies among the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the synoptic diagram of logical inconsistency among the present invention;
Fig. 4 a, Fig. 4 b, Fig. 4 c are the actual geologic data synoptic diagram of a group in the specific embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 a, Fig. 5 b are that specific embodiment of the invention interrupting layer sample data and tomography thereof are deduced synoptic diagram;
Fig. 6 a, Fig. 6 b, Fig. 6 c are the method synoptic diagram that improves degree of confidence in the specific embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 7 a, Fig. 7 b are respectively the main FAULT MODEL in mining area in the specific embodiment of the invention and the FAULT MODEL in the 12-1# coal seam that superposeed.
Among Fig. 4 a, Fig. 4 b, Fig. 4 c 30,512,513,440 ... The computing machine numbering of representing tomography Deng numeral respectively.
Embodiment
Multidimensional space information quality testing of the present invention and analytical model, its preferable embodiment is as shown in Figure 1:
Multidimensional space information quality testing and analytical model comprise:
Multi-source data analysis module: be used for integrated logical inconsistency of three-dimensional geological modeling process multi-source data and data imperfection and the uncertainty in the three-dimensional geological modeling process are analyzed;
Error-detecting module: be used for carrying out geometrical detection, attribute detection, algorithm detection and rule detection in the three-dimensional geological modeling process;
Error analysis and correction module: be used for carrying out error analysis and error correction in the three-dimensional geological modeling process;
Quality assessment modules: be used for three-dimensional geological modeling is carried out the assessment of precision and fiduciary level;
Quality standard module: set up the universal standard of three-dimensional geological modeling and be directed against the regional specific criteria of specific modeling.
Said multi-source data analysis module comprises inconsistency module, imperfection module and uncertain module;
Said error-detecting module comprises geometrical detection module, attribute detection module, algorithm detection module and rule detection module;
Said quality standard module comprises universal standard module and specific region module.
The hardware environment of said multidimensional space information quality testing and analytical model comprises input equipment and output device;
Said input equipment comprises virtual reality special image workstation, professional anaglyph spectacles, data sensor gloves, 3D mouse, high-definition digital video camera;
Said virtual reality special image workstation is based on OpenGL three-dimensional picture industrial standard, supports free multiple interactive mode, supports hyperchannel and distributed virtual reality to use, support main flow 3D model file form more than 10 kinds;
Said output device and a virtual reality special image of input equipment sharing workstation, this workstation support stereo projection display pattern more than at least three kinds, support distributed type assemblies to play up;
Said output device also comprises video matrix switcher, LCD, single channel/hyperchannel stereo projection system, the hard curtain of stereoprojection.
Above-mentioned multidimensional space information quality testing and analytical model are carried out the method for three-dimensional geological modeling, comprise step:
It is integrated at first to carry out multi-source data, carries out solid modelling then, carries out attribute modeling and spatial analysis afterwards, and in modeling process, carries out virtual visual expression;
In above-mentioned steps, carry out following processing through described multidimensional space information quality testing and analytical model:
Carry out the logical inconsistency analysis in the integrated step of multi-source data;
Carry out that multi-source data is integrated, the data imperfection analysis in the solid modelling, attribute modeling procedure;
Data uncertainty in each step of three-dimensional geological modeling is analyzed;
Each step to three-dimensional geological modeling is carried out error-detecting;
According to above-mentioned process result, and the bond quality standard, carry out error analysis and error correction;
Whether precision, fiduciary level through quality evaluation three-dimensional geological model that evaluation is built meet reality and application demand;
On above-mentioned processing basis, improve said quality standard, comprise the general universal standard and the specific criteria that is directed against different three-dimensional geological modeling zones.
Said logical inconsistency comprises two kinds of situation of an inconsistency and how much inconsistencies, and logical inconsistency occurs in the following aspects in the integrated step of multi-source data:
Boring and section, figure layer data are explained inconsistent;
Section in the intersection logic inconsistent;
Logic between each figure layer is inconsistent;
Tomography on the section is inconsistent with the tomography logic in the figure layer;
Logic in tomography in the database or stratum fold attribute information and section, the figure layer is inconsistent;
The inconsistency of data precision.
The detection and the processing policy of said logical inconsistency comprise step:
A, through integrated and object-oriented is integrated towards the source, data qualification is integrated in the virtual geology scene of 3D;
B, data are detected,, then change step F over to if do not detect the logical inconsistency problem; If detect problem of inconsistency, then carry out next step operation;
C, carry out the ordering of data category according to the fiduciary level of data;
D, the respective rule of calling in the knowledge base are carried out following at least equally operation to data: safeguard, revise, delete;
E, change steps A over to, carry out local integrated or object-oriented is integrated again towards the source;
F, entering solid modelling stage.
Said data imperfection is carried out following processing according to analysis result after analyzing:
Satisfactory for integrity degree, continue next step modeling work;
Lower for integrity degree, but through replenishing some auxiliary datas, integrity degree can reach application requirements, then continues next step operation;
Through replenishing auxiliary data, integrity degree still can't meet the demands, the termination process.
Said data uncertainty comprises:
Data uncertainty during said multi-source data is integrated comprises:
To the multiple explanation of data between similar data and foreign peoples and the logical inconsistency each other that causes; Sparse or the space distribution of sample data unreasonable and the data imperfection that causes;
Data uncertainty in the said solid modelling comprises:
The uncertainty of point, line, surface, body space shape and position, and the error that takes place when transforming each other of these spatial objects; Corrode the uncertainty and the characteristic variation of stratum, fold, tomography complex geological structure form; The uncertainty static or that dynamically express of macroscopic view/microcosmic topological relation;
Data uncertainty in the said attribute modeling comprises:
The error that analysis causes based on the attribute simulation of geometric model and sample rate is through selecting rational interpolation for use; Attribute boundary's uncertainty in the multiple dimensioned grid model;
Data uncertainty in the said spatial analysis comprises the uncertainty in spatial domain, time-space domain and multidimensional territory;
The uncertainty in said spatial domain comprises: the uncertainty in excavation, cutting, search operation and length, area, the volume calculation;
The uncertainty of said time-space domain comprises: the uncertainty that moves, is out of shape of key state during dynamic similation;
The uncertainty in said multidimensional territory comprises the uncertainty of attribute under the key state;
Said virtual data uncertainty in visual comprises: the uncertainty of three-dimensional model in visual expression, the uncertainty during man-machine interactive operation.
Said error-detecting comprises:
In solid modelling and spatial analysis steps, carry out the geometrical detection of spatial point, line, face, body;
In the attribute modeling procedure, the property distribution situation is carried out attribute detect;
Except virtual The visual design step, other step is carried out algorithm detect and rule detection.
Said quality standard and assessment comprise carries out quantitative and qualitative comprehensive evaluation to following spatial information quality:
The quality index of various geologic datas during multi-source data is integrated comprises precision, confidence level, probability, ratio of defects, error rate;
With tectonic structure space geometry form is the precision evaluation index of the three-dimensional geological structural model of foundation;
With the attributive character is the uncertain error analysis of foundation;
The access of Visual Virtual environment, demonstration, quality such as mutual;
With the engineering practical application is the simulation comparison evaluation of target.
The present invention has set up spatial information quality testing model through influencing the factor of spatial data quality in each link of analyzing three-dimensional geology modeling flow process, carries out detailed description in the face of the present invention down:
Referring to Fig. 1, the right side is multidimensional space information quality testing and analytical model among the figure again; The left side is based on the main flow process of the three-dimensional geological modeling of spatial information quality testing.
Multidimensional space information quality testing and analytical model mainly contain five parts and form:
1, carry out multi-source data integrated in the logical inconsistency analysis, realize that the data imperfection is analyzed in the links such as multi-source data is integrated, solid modelling, attribute modeling, uncertainty analysis is then in various degree each link that is present in three-dimensional geological modeling.
2, error-detecting is penetrated in each link of modeling, mainly can relate to the geometrical detection of spatial point, line, face, body in solid modelling, the spatial analysis process; It mainly is to carry out error-detecting to property distribution situation in the attribute modeling process that attribute detects; For the system development based on shape library, except virtual The visual design, other link all can relate to the check and analysis of related algorithm and rule; In addition, some uncertain problems are through still continuing to carry out the test of how much, attribute, algorithm or rule after analyzing.
3, based on above-mentioned analytical test result, the bond quality standard is carried out error analysis and error correction.
4, whether index such as the precision through the main evaluation model of quality evaluation, fiduciary level meets reality and application demand.
5, on above-mentioned achievement in research basis, set up also and progressively improve quality standard, comprise the general universal standard and be directed against the regional specific criteria of different three-dimensional geological modelings.
Carry out detailed description in the face of each several part down:
One, uncertainty analysis:
Because the difficulty that three-dimensional space data obtains and the complicacy of geologic body; Three-dimensional geological modeling generally is through analysis, explanation, deduction, interior insert and geologic model is set up in extrapolation etc.; Uncertain problem is particularly outstanding, is related to the quality control and the evaluation of three-dimensional geological model.Each link of three-dimensional modeling is uncertain problem under cover all, and like different observation data form, distributions, and different Modeling Theory, model, selection of parameter etc. all possibly cause the uncertainty of net result to some extent.How in each link, to carry out uncertainty analysis and prevent that effectively probabilistic propagation from being the gordian technique that needs to be resolved hurrily.As shown in table 1, concluded main uncertain problem in the three-dimensional geological modeling process:
The uncertain problem classification that table 1 is main
Uncertainty during multi-source data is integrated mainly is reflected in: 1) inconsistency; Show the multiple explanation of data between similar data and foreign peoples and the logical inconsistency that causes; Have propagability, can select or merge normalization to handle the eliminating uncertain factor through the optimization data; 2) imperfection, thus the unreasonable of the sparse or space distribution of sample data is to cause the imperfect major reason that can't confirm actual state of data, need carry out integrity degree and measure, but and the low process of dwell section integrity degree.
Uncertainty in the solid modelling mainly is divided into: 1) space spread, relate to the uncertainty of spatial form such as point, line, surface, body and position, and the error that takes place when transforming each other of these spatial objects, as adopting discrete point reconstruct curved surface etc.The part uncertainty can be propagated.Models such as research " E-band ", " S-band ", " G-band ", " ε-band " such as utilization Fuzzy Set Theory, theory of probability are confirmed the space error or the confidence level of object; 2) feature deduction; Main uncertainty and the characteristic variation of analyzing complex geological structure forms such as corroding stratum, fold, tomography; As in having no the zone of actual sample, deducing the position of gradually going out in the stratum, can only be to approach its form distribution characteristics of simulation and precision is difficult to quantification; 3) topological relation, the uncertainty static or that dynamically express of research macroscopic view/microcosmic topological relation only is used for algorithm and does not relate to geologic body essence, does not have propagated.
The error that uncertain selective analysis in the attribute modeling causes based on the attribute simulation of geometric model and sample rate; Through selecting rational interpolation technique (like DSI, Kriging etc.) or Method of Stochastic (like Gaussian process, neural network, cloud atlas etc.) for use; Confirm the space distribution of attribute, its error directly influences the application of model effect.In addition, attribute boundary's uncertainty analysis is the key that realizes that attributive character is extracted in multiple dimensioned, the multi-resolution grid model.
Uncertainty in the spatial analysis can be summarised as three types according to dimension with going forward one by one: the uncertainty in spatial domain, time-space domain and multidimensional territory, the uncertainty during operation such as research and the closely-related excavation of three dimensions, cutting, search and length, area, volume etc. calculate respectively; Uncertainties such as the moving of key state, distortion during dynamic similation; And the uncertainty of attribute under the key state, the uncertainty analysis of especially refering in particular to resource reserve etc., but like the uncertainty of quantitatively characterizing coal seam and coal resources reserves and the uncertainty and the influence degree thereof of main control parameters.
Uncertain in the virtual visualization process mainly discussed the uncertainty of three-dimensional model visual expression from the visually-perceptible angle, analyzes the size, sharpness, brightness of object in the visual range, position encoded, geometric transformation, projection error etc.
Two, data imperfection:
The integrality of data is sparse relevant with sample data, but is not to become to increase progressively relation with the quantity of sample data, and for example, the stratum of simple a, equal thickness only needs one or several sample, and its integrality is just than higher; And for a bad ground, even numerous samples are arranged but be not distributed in some key positions, same integrality is not high yet, can't confirm the spatial depiction of actual formation.Based on traditional completeness principles such as search radius increase progressively, run counter to the actual conditions that underground data is obtained difficulty.This shows that integrity measurement is one and relates to complicated nonlinear problem such as number of samples, sample area, knowledge reasoning.
Integrity degree definition: I=f (N, A, C)
Wherein, N is the quantity of sample data; A refers to the area of study area (object); C is the complexity of object.
According to the integrity degree measurement result, mainly contain 3 kinds of processing modes: 1) satisfactory for integrity degree, continue next step modeling work; 2) lower for integrity degree, but through replenishing some auxiliary datas, 2D cross-sectional data normally, integrity degree can reach application requirements, then can continue next step operation; 3) still can't meet the demands through the 2nd kind of processes complete degree, can stop process.
Three, logical inconsistency:
1, definition:
Definition 1: some inconsistency
In 3d space, shown in Fig. 2 a, suppose to have P (x, y at 2; Z) and p (x ', y ', z ') a some position in the space is described simultaneously; A given threshold value δ is that the centre of sphere, δ are that the radius of ball obtains a spheroid E with P, so; If p drops in the spheroid E, promptly p ∈ E claims that then p and P are a consistance; if
would claim p and P for the some inconsistency.
Definition 2: how much inconsistencies
In 3d space; Shown in Fig. 2 b, suppose to have two solid S and s simultaneously through the spatial domain of some P, if P ∈ S so; And
; P ∈ s, and p and P are the some consistance, claim that then s and S are how much consistance; If P ∈ is S; For
p ∈ s; And p and P are the some inconsistency, claim that then s and S are how much inconsistencies.
Wherein S or s can be geometrical bodies such as plane, curved surface, polygon, line segment.
If when disappearance was described the data of some P among the solid s, this situation belongs to s and S is a kind of special case of how much inconsistencies.
Definition 3: logical inconsistency
The definition of satisfied some inconsistency or how much inconsistency definition, be called logical inconsistency, promptly the logical inconsistency problem comprises an inconsistency and two kinds of situation of how much inconsistencies.
2, the integrated middle problem of inconsistency of multi-source geologic data:
For different times, separate sources, the different raw data of explaining and handling of process; When these data integrations in same 3d space coordinate system the time; Have data logical inconsistency problem spatially, these problems directly influence the accuracy of modeling process and model.
The effective digital data that generally can obtain can reduce 5 types: 2D/3D sectional view, figure layer, hole, be stored in attribute data and other in the database like data such as pels, and the multiple explanation that possibly exist in these data will cause logical inconsistency.For example, basically information that comprise tomography and stratum in each type data more, and with the visual expression of modes such as point, line, surface.
As shown in Figure 3, logical inconsistency mainly occurs in the following aspects when data integration:
Boring and section, figure layer data are explained inconsistent;
Section in the intersection logic inconsistent, when on section, explaining like the stratum disappearance;
Logic between each figure layer is inconsistent, explains inconsistent like the layer data in each coal seam in the level line;
Tomography on the section is inconsistent with the tomography logic of scheming (like level line) in the layer;
Logic in tomography in the database or stratum fold attribute information and section, the figure layer is inconsistent, and is inconsistent with the tomography in the section like the explanation of tomography key element;
The inconsistency of data precision, like geologic body thickness 600m, level course spacing 50m, thickness of coal seam 1～5m, turn-off 7～50m etc.
3, logical inconsistency detects and processing policy:
For the geologic data in the study area, generally can not produce the logical inconsistency problem during one group of data of observing independent one or originating identical; When having only the data integration in various sources, tend to detect above-mentioned various logic problem of inconsistency to 3d space.
Logical inconsistency detects with the processing policy key step:
(1) through integrated integrated, data qualification is integrated in the virtual geology scene of 3D with object-oriented towards the source;
(2) data are detected,, then change step (6) over to if do not detect the logical inconsistency problem; If detect problem of inconsistency, then carry out next step operation;
(3) carrying out the ordering of data category according to the fiduciary level of data, is 0.89 such as the fiduciary level of certain regional borehole data, and the fiduciary level of cross-sectional data is 0.54, then the borehole data ordering formerly, and the cross-sectional data ordering is thereafter;
(4) operation is safeguarded, revises even deleted to the respective rule of calling in the knowledge base to data;
(5) change step (1) over to, carry out local integrated or object-oriented is integrated again towards the source;
(6) get into the solid modelling stage.
Four, error-detecting and analysis correction:
Information reliability shows that solid modelling must guarantee and the integrality and the accuracy of maintenance information that is: (1) expression should reflect that confrontation resembles truly; (2) expression should accurately be described the geology object; (3) this expression all geometrical detection (Shapiro 2002) of elephant of should supporting correspondingly to verify.Whether accurate to information that data make an explanation, reasoning, description obtained such as sampled data, remotely-sensed data, seismic sections; Whether the geometric model of setting up has on this basis reflected the original appearance of geology object and intrinsic inward nature thereof, thereby has determined the self-value of model.Data error is big, and model accuracy and poor reliability, its using value are also just very low; Vice versa.
Yet the difficulty of error-detecting and estimation of error is: the first, and the geology object can't carry out objective test, can't determine clear and definite relativity; The second, human factor causes the judgement of uncertain and subjectivity; The 3rd, computing machine also can't be checked and revises these mistakes.However, many scholars and program development personnel are still in persevering endeavors.In order to verify the interpolation of curved surface, Lebel etc. have developed between a tolerance curved surface the just algorithm of distance in the modeling process, and the abnormal occurrence of zone thickness can be found very soon.Requicha and Voelcker once proposed between the solid model of real object and computer expression, to add a tentation data model, and be earlier that real-world object is abstract in the supposition mathematical model, is converted into the computer expression form to mathematical model again.
How to avoid producing error, perhaps in case find that error can in time correct, with prevent that error from continuing to propagate, accumulative total and diffusion, for this reason in the whole process of modelling, setting up error-detecting and analysis mechanisms is very crucial and necessity.
Error-detecting will be penetrated in each link of three-dimensional geological modeling, mainly comprise:
1) Data Detection (Data Check) comprises detections such as data consistency, integrality and uncertainty.
2) geometrical detection (Geometry Check); Main locus, the form that detects solid modelling, spatial analysis process mid-point, line, face, body distributes, the topological relation equal error, as point in shell, line segment on curved surface, the closed of the stitching degree at the curvature of line segment, surface intersection place, body and the relation of encirclement, neighbouring relations etc.
3) attribute detects (Property Check), mainly is to carry out error-detecting to property distribution situation in the attribute modeling process, whether meets attribute filling condition etc. like influence degree, the grid precision of watery border, tomography.
4) algorithm detects (Algorithm Check), owing to adopted the system development based on shape library (like OpenGL), puts aside that the algorithm in the virtual The visual design detects, and other link all can relate to the check and analysis of related algorithm.Typically have: the data conversion algorithm detects (like the 2D section to the conversion of 3d space, conversion etc. from the vector to the raster data); The subdivision algorithm detects (like 2D/3D trigonometric ratio subdivision, hexahedron subdivision etc.); The entity sets computing detects (asking friendship, the detection of roadway excavation algorithm etc. like SSI); And the detection of space interpolation algorithm etc.
5) regular testing (Rule Check), accomplish based on various quantitatively, the detection of qualitative rule, quantitatively rule detection relatively is easy to realize, detects like rules such as data form, data standard, polygon inner and outer ring, closed surface normal direction, spatial object pick up; And the formulation of qualitative rule and detection more complicated are difficult for realizing, adopt usually and carry out reasoning and judging based on the method for knowledge base, detect as stratigraphic boundary, complicated fault segmentation key element, geologic body piecemeal, feature extraction etc. are regular.
Error is generally defined as the difference between observation data or simulated data and its actual value, demonstrates certain rules property or randomness.Table 2 is classified to the error that possibly occur from the angle of error cause, and points out whether can carry out error analysis and estimate.
Table 2 error-detecting and analysis
Observational error can detect error through corresponding observation and analysis technology; Because the quality of raw data directly influences the efficient of modeling and the performance of model; Its precision of different resolution is also different; Therefore need to rely on spatial data to obtain development of technology and development, observational error remains further to be reduced.
Explain that error mainly is owing to subjective, be difficult to carry out estimation of error, but can set up automatic or semi-automatic detection trigger mechanism through the virtual environment of design based on the visual interactive analysis of more rules knowledge base, the reduction people is the probability of makeing mistakes.
The error of calculation can be through select to realize the mathematical model of estimation of error and analysis as far as possible, and optimized Algorithm is avoided the appearance of labile factor.
The collimation error is difficult to carry out estimation of error equally, can be through strengthening software function, and to improve visual effect, for example real virtual emulation environment makes the geologician " enter into the underground world ", detects architectonic rationality.
Five, quality standard and assessment:
The target of spatial information quality testing is to find error and carry out error correction, and whether indexs such as evaluation model precision, fiduciary level meet reality and application demand.Because three-dimensional geological modeling is a complicated system engineering, the invisibility of the sparse and underground form of sampled data causes lacking at present practicable quality standard and appraisement system both at home and abroad, need in practical application, progressively set up with perfect.
The spatial information quality is divided into five types, carries out quantitative and qualitative comprehensive evaluation:
The quality index of various geologic datas during main reflection multi-source data is integrated is like precision, confidence level, probability, ratio of defects, error rate etc.;
With tectonic structure space geometry form is the three-dimensional geological structural model precision evaluation index of foundation;
With the attributive character is the uncertain error analysis of foundation;
The access of main reflection Visual Virtual environment, demonstration, quality such as mutual;
With the engineering practical application is the simulation comparison evaluation of target.
Six, quality testing and analysis hardware environment design:
Make up the quality testing and analysis hardware environment of a virtual reality, realize functions such as immersion demonstration, real-time, interactive.Mainly comprise: input equipment and output device.
1) input equipment
Virtual reality special image workstation: use, support main flow 3D model file form more than 10 kinds based on OpenGL three-dimensional picture industrial standard, the free multiple interactive mode of support, support hyperchannel and distributed virtual reality.
Specialty anaglyph spectacles: be used to watch the computer installation of detection, analytical effect, be based on the anaglyph spectacles of page switch mode, divide wired and wireless two kinds.
3D mouse: 3DMOUSE is the 6DOF external input device; Can control virtual scene and do free-roaming; Or the locus and the direction thereof of certain object in the control scene, general and data glove, anaglyph spectacles are used, and can increase substantially make efficiency.
High-definition digital video camera: static state or dynamic data image panorama import.
The data sensor gloves: be a kind of multimodal virtual unit, through software programming, can carry out object in the virtual scene extracting, move, action such as rotation, also can utilize its multi-mode property, as a kind of instrument of controlling scene walkthrough.
2) output device
Virtual reality special image workstation: support stereo projection display pattern more than at least three kinds, support distributed type assemblies to play up.
Video matrix switcher: the input of multichannel computer video, output, select high-performance processor for use, video employing＞250M bandwidth guarantees that the signal long-distance transmission is undistorted, clear picture is stable.
LCD: figure, image output.Resolution＞1680x1050, response speed＞2ms.
Single channel/hyperchannel stereo projection system: realize high resolving power, high definition, flicker free, large format 3 D stereo Projection Display line by line.Projector's technology: LCD technology, projector's brightness＞5000 lumens.
The hard curtain of stereoprojection: high-gain just throwing stereo metal curtain, visible angle big, can support stereoprojection, polarization characteristic＞95%.
Seven, specific embodiment analysis:
Opening the mining area, Luan with Hebei is example, carries out uncertainty analysis and error correction and evaluation in the fault tectonic modeling.
1, logical inconsistency analysis:
When data integration, detect some logical inconsistency problems.
Shown in Fig. 4 a, Fig. 4 b, Fig. 4 c, expression one group of actual geologic data wherein, Fig. 4 a shows in the section 3 does not have No. 30 tomographies (job number F3, turn-off 38) and No. 440 tomographies (F44, turn-off 20); And Fig. 4 b shows in the section 4 there are not No. 512 tomographies (DF12, turn-off 115).The line of rent contradiction in the 12-1# coal seam of representing with Fig. 4 c obviously.
According to confidence level R (Reliability) and combine the rule in the expert knowledge library to detect evaluation.Wherein, the R=0.52 of section 3; The R=0.54 of section 4; The R=0.62 of the line of rent in 12-1# coal seam replenishes rule according to data flaw rate in the knowledge base, will in section 3, replenish F3 and F44 tomography respectively, in section 4, replenishes the DF12 tomography.
2, the data imperfection is analyzed:
On the integrated basis of available data, carrying out the tomography modeling, is example with tomography F3.From above-mentioned situation, tomography F3 is by two groups of data descriptions: two line of rent that extract respectively in section 3, the section 4 and the upper lower burrs line of rent (shown in Fig. 5 a) in the 12-1# coal seam.Obviously, only can't confirm the space spread of tomography F3, promptly can't utilize the spatial shape of traditional curved surface fitting method control tomography through these data.
The dwell section process can adopt two kinds of processing schemes because integrity degree is low in order to prevent: 1) augment auxiliary data in sample data uncontrollable " blind area ", be typically the 2D cross-sectional data.Yet, according to the original geologic data in observational study district, sampled data such as boring not in " blind area " scope, the making that causes the 2D section is difficulty very; 2) deduce the space spread of tomography according to the tomography key element.The second kind of scheme that adopt this paper realizes the tomography simulation.
3, structural attitude is deduced:
Tomography mainly comprises four kinds of grown forms: 1) not pinching of tomography, run through whole study area; 2) two ends pinching forms the phacoid shape in the geologic map of plane; 3) origin or beginning pinching; 4) terminal pinching.Because turn-off can change usually, every kind of form can be divided into 3 kinds of different situations again: situation such as turn-off immobilizes, the continuous smooth variation of turn-off and turn-off sudden change.Through taking all factors into consideration these situation, the Data Structure Design of tomography key element is as shown in table 3.
Because the extended distance length of some large-scale tomographies, the bending of tomography track etc., the phenomenon that exists different parts turn-off, trend, tendency and the inclination angle of same tomography to alter a great deal.Therefore; To this type tomography, the further tomography key element of each section of refinement, with the relevant information tissue in segmentation tomography table (table 4); Write down the flex point information of the tomography of each bar segmentation variation, comprising: the turn-off at the coordinate at flex point place, each flex point place, the occurrence of segmentation tomography etc.
Table 3 tomography key element table
Table 4 segmentation tomography table
According to the tomography element information of the line of rent of Fig. 5 a and table 2, table 3, can simulate the tomography geometric model of F3, shown in Fig. 5 b.
4, FAULT MODEL error and evaluation:
Because the tomography sample data is sparse, causes the uncertain problem of tomography very outstanding, make that also the error-detecting of tomography simulation is very important but very difficult.Through theory and application research, this paper has designed the FAULT MODEL quality evaluating method and has been:
First expression sample breakpoint be to the influence of FAULT MODEL degree of confidence in the formula, and wherein, (m≤n) be the confidence level of data source under the breakpoint, and j ∈ 1..n be all breakpoints, and i ∈ 1..m drops on " ε-band " interior breakpoint for ri, rj; C is the curvature (curvature) of tomography curved surface; Recovery degree (recover) when v restores checking for motion; When p is the engineering practical application and the comparison degree (compare) of factual data.
W1, and w2, w3, w4, be each item weights, its value need combine situation such as the source, distribution of sample data specifically to set, and progressively adjustment obtains satisfied weights.Mainly be divided into two kinds of situation:
If tomography sample data rich as towards the tomography modeling of field area based on the 2D/3D section, then has:
w4＞w3＞w2＞w1
If the tomography sample data is sparse, the tomography modeling as towards the geologic prospecting district then has:
w4＞w1＞w3＞w2
Evaluation result shows that tomography F3 model meets accuracy requirement basically under the available sample data conditions, is not resolved fully but its p value reflects the uncertain problem of model, and may continues to influence modeling link thereafter.If evaluation result can not reflect the precision of FAULT MODEL, then allow to carry out the error correction of tomography or readjust wi (i=1,2,3,4), till obtaining satisfactory FAULT MODEL.
Suppose that degree of confidence causes E can not arrive desired value, shown in Fig. 6 a, Fig. 6 b, Fig. 6 c, a kind of method of improving degree of confidence is provided, step is following:
Step1: revise the bandwidth of " ε-band ",, then withdraw from this time and revise if there is not new breakpoint to drop in " ε-band ".
Step2: for any one breakpoint f that drops in " ε-band "; And
S is the node set of F3 FAULT MODEL; Shown in Fig. 6 a; Then judge the trend of fault surface, and it is projected to the 2D plane domain, that is:
(x，y，z)→?(x，y)|(y，z)|(x，z)
Wherein, (x, y, z) ∈ { S, f}
Step3: according to the topological structure of F3 FAULT MODEL, the triangle and the domain of influence thereof under the search point f are carried out local triangle's reconstruct to the domain of influence then, and dotted portion shows reconstruction result among Fig. 6 b.
Step4: with the F3 model again inverse operation to 3d space (Fig. 6 c).
Step5: recomputate parameter indexs such as degree of confidence.
Obviously, owing to widened the bandwidth of " ε-band ", degree of confidence should be able to improve, but the smoothness of tomography curved surface may be under some influence, and in some cases, even can reduce the E value.Therefore, the raising of FAULT MODEL precision need be taken all factors into consideration many-sided factor, seeks optimum simulate effect.
Shown in Fig. 7 a, Fig. 7 b, represent the main FAULT MODEL in mining area respectively and the FAULT MODEL in the 12-1# coal seam that superposeed, similar to the simulation and the quality evaluating method of this other tomography of zone.
The above; Be merely the preferable embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, any technician who is familiar with the present technique field is in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; The variation that can expect easily or replacement all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a three-dimensional geological modeling system is characterized in that, comprises input equipment, output device and multidimensional space information quality testing and analytical model;
Said input equipment is used to obtain that the multi-source data of three-dimensional geological modeling is integrated, and said multidimensional space information quality testing and analytical model are used to realize three-dimensional geological modeling, and said output device is used to show the result of three-dimensional geological modeling;
Said multidimensional space information quality testing and analytical model comprise with lower module:
Multi-source data analysis module: be used for integrated logical inconsistency of three-dimensional geological modeling process multi-source data and data imperfection and the uncertainty in the three-dimensional geological modeling process are analyzed;
Error-detecting module: be used for carrying out geometrical detection, attribute detection, algorithm detection and rule detection in the three-dimensional geological modeling process;
Error analysis and correction module: be used for carrying out error analysis and error correction in the three-dimensional geological modeling process;
Quality assessment modules: be used for three-dimensional geological modeling is carried out the assessment of precision and fiduciary level;
Quality standard module: set up the universal standard of three-dimensional geological modeling and be directed against the regional specific criteria of specific modeling;
Said multi-source data analysis module comprises inconsistency module, imperfection module and uncertain module;
Said error-detecting module comprises geometrical detection module, attribute detection module, algorithm detection module and rule detection module;
Said quality standard module comprises universal standard module and specific region module;
Said input equipment comprises virtual reality special image workstation, professional anaglyph spectacles, data sensor gloves, 3D mouse, high-definition digital video camera;
Main flow 3D model file form more than 10 kinds is used, supported to said virtual reality special image workstation based on OpenGL three-dimensional picture industrial standard, the free multiple interactive mode of support, support hyperchannel and distributed virtual reality;
Said output device and a virtual reality special image of input equipment sharing workstation, this workstation are supported the stereo projection display pattern, are supported distributed type assemblies to play up;
Said output device also comprises video matrix switcher, LCD, single channel/hyperchannel stereo projection system, the hard curtain of stereoprojection.
2. an application rights requires 1 described three-dimensional geological modeling system to carry out the method for three-dimensional geological modeling, it is characterized in that, comprises step:
It is integrated at first to carry out multi-source data, carries out solid modelling then, carries out attribute modeling and spatial analysis afterwards, and in modeling process, carries out virtual visual expression;
In above-mentioned steps, carry out following processing through described multidimensional space information quality testing and analytical model:
Carry out the logical inconsistency analysis in the integrated step of multi-source data;
Carry out that multi-source data is integrated, the data imperfection analysis in the solid modelling, attribute modeling procedure;
Data uncertainty in each step of three-dimensional geological modeling is analyzed;
Each step to three-dimensional geological modeling is carried out error-detecting;
According to above-mentioned process result, and the bond quality standard, carry out error analysis and error correction;
Whether precision, fiduciary level through quality evaluation three-dimensional geological model that evaluation is built meet reality and application demand;
On above-mentioned processing basis, improve said quality standard, comprise the general universal standard and the specific criteria that is directed against different three-dimensional geological modeling zones.
3. the method for three-dimensional geological modeling according to claim 2 is characterized in that:
Said logical inconsistency comprises two kinds of situation of an inconsistency and how much inconsistencies, and logical inconsistency occurs in the following aspects in the integrated step of multi-source data:
Boring and section, figure layer data are explained inconsistent;
Section in the intersection logic inconsistent;
Logic between each figure layer is inconsistent;
Tomography on the section is inconsistent with the tomography logic in the figure layer;
Logic in tomography in the database or stratum fold attribute information and section, the figure layer is inconsistent;
The inconsistency of data precision.
4. the method for three-dimensional geological modeling according to claim 3 is characterized in that:
The detection and the processing policy of said logical inconsistency comprise step:
A, through integrated and object-oriented is integrated towards the source, data qualification is integrated in the virtual geology scene of 3D;
B, data are detected,, then change step F over to if do not detect the logical inconsistency problem; If detect problem of inconsistency, then carry out next step operation;
C, carry out the ordering of data category according to the fiduciary level of data;
D, the respective rule of calling in the knowledge base are carried out following at least equally operation to data: safeguard, revise, delete;
E, change steps A over to, carry out local integrated or object-oriented is integrated again towards the source;
F, entering solid modelling stage.
5. the method for three-dimensional geological modeling according to claim 2 is characterized in that:
After said data imperfection and the uncertainty analysis, carry out following processing according to the analysis result of said data imperfection:
Satisfactory for integrity degree, continue next step modeling work;
Lower for integrity degree, but through replenishing some auxiliary datas, integrity degree can reach application requirements, then continues next step operation;
Through replenishing auxiliary data, integrity degree still can't meet the demands, the termination process.
6. the method for three-dimensional geological modeling according to claim 2 is characterized in that:
Said data uncertainty comprises:
Data uncertainty during said multi-source data is integrated comprises:
To the multiple explanation of data between similar data and foreign peoples and the logical inconsistency each other that causes; Sparse or the space distribution of sample data unreasonable and the data imperfection that causes;
Data uncertainty in the said solid modelling comprises:
The uncertainty of point, line, surface, body space shape and position, and the error that takes place when transforming each other of these spatial objects; Corrode the uncertainty and the characteristic variation of stratum, fold, tomography complex geological structure form; The uncertainty static or that dynamically express of macroscopic view/microcosmic topological relation;
Data uncertainty in the said attribute modeling comprises:
The error that analysis causes based on the attribute simulation of geometric model and sample rate is through selecting rational interpolation for use; Attribute boundary's uncertainty in the multiple dimensioned grid model;
Data uncertainty in the said spatial analysis comprises the uncertainty in spatial domain, time-space domain and multidimensional territory;
The uncertainty in said spatial domain comprises: the uncertainty in excavation, cutting, search operation and length, area, the volume calculation;
The uncertainty of said time-space domain comprises: the uncertainty that moves, is out of shape of key state during dynamic similation;
The uncertainty in said multidimensional territory comprises the uncertainty of attribute under the key state;
Said virtual data uncertainty in visual comprises: the uncertainty of three-dimensional model in visual expression, the uncertainty during man-machine interactive operation.
7. the method for three-dimensional geological modeling according to claim 2 is characterized in that:
Said error-detecting comprises:
In solid modelling and spatial analysis steps, carry out the geometrical detection of spatial point, line, face, body;
In the attribute modeling procedure, the property distribution situation is carried out attribute detect;
Except virtual The visual design step, other step is carried out algorithm detect and rule detection.
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