CN106291715B - A kind of low-grade fault law of development Forecasting Methodology based on fracture Self-similarity Theory - Google Patents
A kind of low-grade fault law of development Forecasting Methodology based on fracture Self-similarity Theory Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to oilfield prospecting developing, Mineral assessment prediction field, especially a kind of low-grade fault law of development Forecasting Methodology based on fracture Self-similarity Theory.Patent of the present invention is on the basis of seismic interpretation, setting fracture self-similarity law of development quantization parameter, and carry out being broken self-similarity parametric test, with reference to oil reservoir development fracture, using advanced sequence tomography as constraint, low-grade fault law of development forecast model is established, and then proposes low-grade fault second interpretation scheme, finally by stress field simulation to interpretation scheme contrast verification.Patent of the present invention solves the problem that traditional seismic interpretation is difficult to accurately identify low-grade fault, and then improves the precision of oil field second interpretation tomography.
Description
Technical field
It is especially a kind of based on fracture self similarity reason the present invention relates to oilfield prospecting developing, Mineral assessment prediction field
The low-grade fault law of development Forecasting Methodology of opinion.
Background technology
Fracture " self similarity " phenomenon is a kind of universal phenomenon of nature, self-explanatory characters' thing it is a part of integrated therewith similar
Property, rift structure is no exception.People early have been noted that the similitude of rift structure, i.e. scale difference, property phase not to the utmost
With and the similar structure of matter system of profile, under the active force by equidirectional the similar phenomenon of caused construction (
Wen You, 1984), and according to this construction principle of similitude, carried out extensive simulated experiment, establish many tectonic models (or
Pattern).But in nature, the similar constructions of some different scales (or different brackets) often form certain special corresponding pass
System.Such as in some areas, several groups of different grades of fractures are often developed, location is cut into that scale is different and shape by them
The similar geological mass of state, they deform first by low level Fracture Control under certain orientation tectonic stress field action, form certain
Kind low level fault complexe.With development of deformation, deformation progressively by equidirectional high-level Fracture Control, is formed of the same race high-level disconnected
Split combination.Or the construction composition of a certain rank fault complexe, the same of low order (being also low level) is formed in evolutionary process
Kind fault complexe.So, group of low level (or the low order) fault complexe as high-level (or high order) fault complexe of the same race
Into part.
(1) Self-Similarity Phenomena is a kind of very universal phenomenon of nature, such as the speckle of coastline plant, animal (zebra)
Deng can all show self-similarity.
(2) fault complexe self-similarity is one of base attribute of rift structure, under the effect of certain orientation tectonic stress,
It is deformed by different brackets Fracture Control, and to high-grade development or derives subordinate faults from inferior grade, can all be formed certainly
Similar fault complexe.And it is a kind of universal phenomenon that the fracture of nature different brackets, which coexists, structural deformation also necessarily has an evolution
Process, therefore, self similarity fault complexe is a kind of universal phenomenon, and self-similarity is the base attribute of rift structure.
In low-grade fault prediction, the spread of low-grade fault influences oil and gas development, remaining oil distribution, is the oily area of puzzlement
The difficult point further developed.Traditional seismic interpretation is difficult to accurately identify the fracture of the yardstick, due to the scale of low-grade fault
It is small, it is disguised strong, the features such as seismic recognition difficulty, have a strong impact on the accuracy that low-grade fault is explained.Main application at present
Some production seismics new technologies such as cross hole seismic technology, fine coherent analysis technology and Discussion of Earthquake Attribute Technology are realized to rudimentary sequence
The identification description of tomography.On the basis of identification describes, main application construction background method, fault combination analysis method, tectonic stress
The methods of Field Analyze Method, structural physical simulation method and rock stratum curvature method, is predicted to the law of development of low-grade fault, and then
Instruct implementing for local structure.On the basis of seismic interpretation, setting fracture self-similarity law of development quantifies patent of the present invention
Parameter, and carry out being broken self-similarity parametric test, with reference to oil reservoir development fracture, using advanced sequence tomography as constraint, establish low
Level sequence mature fault law forecasting model, and then low-grade fault second interpretation scheme is proposed, finally by stress field simulation pair
Interpretation scheme contrast verification.
The content of the invention
Present invention seek to address that above mentioned problem, there is provided a kind of low-grade fault based on fracture Self-similarity Theory develops rule
Forecasting Methodology is restrained, it realizes the prediction of oil reservoir low-grade fault law of development.
The technical scheme is that：A kind of low-grade fault law of development prediction side based on fracture Self-similarity Theory
Method, comprise the following steps that：
The first step obtains fault plane spread figure, seismic cross-section by 3-D seismics Fine structural interpretation
Using seismic interpretation related software, the fault plane spread figure in work area is obtained by meticulous seismic interpretation, is ground
Study carefully fault plane spread, the seismic cross-section in area.
Second step setting fracture self-similarity law of development quantization parameter
Fracture system has the self-similarity of statistical significance on geometric shape, structural evolution and origin cause of formation power；Fracture
Self-similarity with statistical significance, it can be represented with fault information dimension, capacity dimension does not have the heterogeneity of image study object,
Only consider data point whether is fallen into the grid of the different length of sides (ε), therefore introduce information dimension D concept：
In formula (1),PiIt is the probability that each information point falls into small i-th grid；ε is grid
The length of side.
In order to more specifically represent this self-similarity of fracture, two parameters are defined：
Information ties up poor △ D：
△ D=D2-D1 (2)
Similitude difference △ R2：
△R2=R2 2-R2 1 (3)
When increasing certain low-grade fault, in formula (2), formula (3), D1、D2Respectively before low-grade fault increase
Afterwards, corresponding fracture information dimension value；R2 1、R2 2Respectively before and after low-grade fault increase, the similarity degree evaluation of fracture quantifies
As a result --- obtain D values, corresponding fitting coefficient after being fitted in each unit to variable；△D、△R2To increase certain craven fault
Afterwards, in a certain unit, after the information of tomography dimension, similarity degree change with the difference before change；
When deleting certain low-grade fault, in formula (2), formula (3), D2、D1Before respectively low-grade fault is deleted
Afterwards, corresponding fracture information dimension value；R2 2、R2 1Before and after respectively low-grade fault is deleted, the similarity degree evaluation of fracture quantifies
As a result --- obtain D values, corresponding fitting coefficient after being fitted in each unit to variable；△D、△R2To delete certain craven fault
Afterwards, in a certain unit, information dimension, the preceding difference with after change of similarity degree change of tomography；
3rd step is broken self-similarity parametric test
By taking practicable fracture system as an example, n bars are broken altogether, are chosen m bars low-grade fault therein and are done statistical
Analysis, remaining n-m bar are that controlled fracturing blasting (advanced sequence tomography) designs two schemes：
Option A：Under the control of the advanced sequence tomography of n-m bars, increase the bar number of low-grade fault one by one, judge △ R2、△D
Change；
Option b：Using n bars tomography as entirety, every tomography is deleted one by one, judges the △ R of every tomography2, △ D change
Change；
Described option A refers to the bar number for increasing low-grade fault one by one, judges △ R2, △ D change；By to m bars
The information dimension Statistical Analysis of low-grade fault, whether have to information dimension D is bigger, phase from statistical significance analysis low-grade fault
Like degree R2Higher development trend；
Described option b and diagnostic method refers in fracture system one by one, deletes every tomography, differentiates one by one every one by one
△ R corresponding to bar low-grade fault2、△D；
The feasibility of low-grade fault is predicted with fracture self-similarity from option A, option b checking.
4th step obtains oil reservoir development fracture
On the basis of seismic interpretation, pass through the change of profit during the actual development of oil reservoir and dynamic data point
Analysis, obtain the fracture of oil reservoir.
5th step establishes low-grade fault law of development forecast model
On the basis of the fracture spread figure of oil reservoir is obtained, low-grade fault law of development forecast model is established.
Described low-grade fault law of development forecast model refers to that foundation using advanced sequence tomography as skeleton, utilizes determination
Low-grade fault supplements model, is perfect, establishes the tectonic model of fracture self similarity, the conjunction of other uncertain tomographies is predicted with this
Manage interpretation scheme.
The simulation of 6th step determines the second interpretation scheme of low-grade fault
Using method for distinguishing is sentenced one by one, two parameters after every tomography is deleted are analyzed --- information ties up poor △ D, similitude
Poor △ R2Change；After increasing and decreasing certain craven fault, in a certain unit, information dimension, the difference of similitude change of tomography.Screen it
Middle fault information dimension difference △ D, similitude difference △ R2The fracture of reduction is modified, debugged, and makes fault information dimension difference △ D, similar
Property difference △ R2It is overall to develop towards the direction of increase.
The contrast verification of scheme and stress field simulation result after the adjustment of 7th step tomography
Low-grade fault is the product under Regional tectonic stress field, and Regional tectonic stress field is in regional stress field
Derived from background, can be derived from and be formed by one or several advanced sequence tomography, shape can also be derived from by rock stratum flexural deformation
Into.The development of low-grade fault is controlled primarily by the distribution of ancient minimum principal stress and shear stress.Minimum principal stress Spring layer is rudimentary
Sequence tomography advantage is developed；Plane shear stress controls the planar distribution of low-grade fault；Section shear stress controls rudimentary sequence and broken
The tendency of layer：According to coulomb fracture criteria, two groups of shear failure planes have conjugacy, and its open bevel bisector direction is minimum
Principal direction of stress.In plane strain ellipse, two groups of conjugated shear joins lines represent the strike line of two groups of tomographies.Being cut by plane should
The control of power distribution, the development degree of two groups of tomographies are typically different, with left-handed property in left-hand face shear stress environment
One group of mature fault degree is high, and one group of mature fault degree with dextrorotation property is high in right-hand face shear stress environment, because
This can explain the tendency of tomography according to the property of section shear stress.
It is determined that on the basis of the paleotectonic stress field of fault development, can break from the rudimentary sequence of angle analysis of geomechanics
The law of development of layer, and with being broken fault interpretation scheme comparison, the checking that self-similarity determines.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：Patent of the present invention is on the basis of seismic interpretation, setting fracture self-similarity development
Rule quantization parameter, and carry out being broken self-similarity parametric test, with reference to oil reservoir development fracture, using advanced sequence tomography as about
Beam, establishes the forecast model of low-grade fault law of development, and then proposes low-grade fault second interpretation scheme, finally by should
Simulate to interpretation scheme contrast verification in the field of force.It is regularity of distribution prediction of the present invention for low-grade fault, remaining oil distribution, secondary
The many aspects such as development plan adjustment have higher practical value, and forecast cost is cheap, workable, a large amount of to reduce
The expenditure of manpower, financial resources, to the practical of In Oil Field Exploration And Development.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of flow chart of the low-grade fault law of development Forecasting Methodology based on fracture Self-similarity Theory.
Fig. 2 is Gaoyou Depression construction location and zoning map.
Fig. 3 is the fault-block structure location drawing of horse 35.
Fig. 4 is Gaoyou Depression fracture system figure.
Fig. 5 is the bar number and D, R for increasing low-grade fault one by one2Relation.
Fig. 6 is to differentiate every low-grade fault and R one by one2Relation.
Fig. 7 is to differentiate every low-grade fault and D relations one by one.
Fig. 8 is that the fault block oil reservoir of horse 35 develops fracture.
Fig. 9 is the fault block low-grade fault law of development forecast model of horse 35.
Figure 10 is 1. tomography changes schematic diagram.
Figure 11 is 1. tomography changes front and rear △ D, △ R2Change.
Figure 12 is 2. tomography changes schematic diagram.
Figure 13 is 2. tomography changes front and rear △ D, △ R2Change.
Figure 14 is 3. tomography changes schematic diagram.
Figure 15 is 3. tomography changes front and rear △ D, △ R2Change.
Figure 16 is 4. tomography changes schematic diagram.
Figure 17 is 4. tomography changes front and rear △ D, △ R2Change.
Horse 35 fault block low-grade fault trend estimates of the Figure 18 based on numerical simulation for stress field.
Embodiment
Illustrate the embodiment of the present invention below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
The fault block of horse 35 near fracture belt is stayed in research area for Wei Zhuan horses family's mouth area Chinese, and Gaoyou Depression southwest is located on construction
Portion, fault Hanliu and the very 2. western edge of tomography, primary recessed west of Shao, most area is in deep recessed band.Horse man mouth construction is located at
The downthrow block of fault Hanliu, is the monoclinal structure of the overall northwestwards lifting in stratum on region, and north and south is respectively by very 2. tomography and the Chinese
Tomography is stayed to clamp.Wei Zhuan constructions are located at fault Hanliu upthrow, belong to the southern edge of Northern Slope of Gaoyou Sag, tectonic activity mainly by
The Chinese stays the influence of fracture.Sedimentary rocks are developed in Wei horse area, and oil generation environment is good, and Oil-gas Accumulation Types are more, and enrichment degree is high, is to survey
One of higher oil-gas bearing area of spy degree (Fig. 2-Fig. 3).
1st step utilizes seismic interpretation related software, and the fault plane spread of Gaoyou Depression is obtained by precise seismic interpretation
Scheme (Fig. 4).
2nd step demonstrates the feasibility that low-grade fault is predicted with fracture self-similarity by option A, option b, wherein
The abundant two sections of all kinds of fractures 815 of Jinhu Depression are implemented, using wherein 300 major rupture as controlled fracturing blasting, 515 are the rudimentary of simulation
Sequence is broken, and concrete scheme is as follows：
(1) option A --- increase the bar number of low-grade fault one by one, judge △ R2, △ D change.
As shown in figure 5, the information dimension Statistical Analysis of 515 low-grade faults, is influenceed and controlled by advanced sequence tomography,
Drawn from statistical significance, the oriented information dimension D of low-grade fault is bigger, similarity R2Higher development trend, can based on this principle
To attempt analysis low-grade fault plane, the reasonability of section combination rule.
(2) option b --- in fracture system, every tomography is deleted one by one, judges that every tomography deletes front and rear △ R2、△
D change.
Obtained by Fig. 6, by differentiating one by one, in 515 low-grade faults, the △ R of 86.2% tomography2It is increase；
Only 13.8% tomography △ R2It is to reduce.Obtained by Fig. 7, by differentiating one by one, in 515 low-grade faults, 92.2%
Tomography △ D be increase；7.8% tomography △ D are to reduce.
It can be drawn in a fracture system, be influenceed by advanced sequence tomography, in different statistical yardsticks by Fig. 5-Fig. 7
(r), low-grade fault always develops (△ R in statistical significance towards the higher direction of similarity degree2, △ D increase), so as to verify
With the feasibility of fracture self-similarity prediction low-grade fault.
3rd step is provided on the basis of seismic interpretation by the change and dynamic of profit during the actual development of oil reservoir
Material analysis, obtain the fracture (Fig. 8) of the fault block oil reservoir of horse 35.
4th step is established using advanced sequence tomography as skeleton, with reference to determination on the basis of the fracture spread figure of oil reservoir is obtained
Low-grade fault supplements model, is perfect, establishes the tectonic model (Fig. 9) of the fault block of horse 35 fracture self similarity, is predicted with this other
The reasonable dismissal scheme of uncertain tomography.
5th step analyzes two parameters after every tomography is deleted using method for distinguishing is sentenced one by one --- poor △ D of information dimension,
Similitude difference △ R2Change；After increasing certain craven fault, in a certain unit, information dimension, the difference of similitude change of tomography.
Screen wherein fault information dimension difference △ D, similitude difference △ R2The fracture of reduction is modified, debugged, and makes fault information dimension difference △
D, similitude difference △ R2Develop towards the direction of increase.
(1) 1. tomography is changed
Before and after Figure 10, Figure 11 represent fracture modification, fault information dimension difference △ D, similitude difference △ R2Front and rear change, modification
Fault information dimension difference △ D, the similitude difference △ R of front and rear different scale2Totality develop towards bigger direction.
(2) 2. tomography is changed
Before and after Figure 12, Figure 13 represent 2. fracture is changed, fault information dimension difference △ D, similitude difference △ R2Front and rear change, repair
Change fault information dimension difference △ D, the similitude difference △ R of front and rear different scale2Totality develop towards bigger direction.
(3) 3. tomography is changed
Before and after Figure 14, Figure 15 represent 3. fracture is changed, fault information dimension difference △ D, similitude difference △ R2Front and rear change, repair
Change fault information dimension difference △ D, the similitude difference △ R of front and rear different scale2Totality develop towards bigger direction.
(4) 4. tomography is changed
Before and after Figure 16, Figure 17 represent 4. fracture is changed, fault information dimension difference △ D, similitude difference △ R2Front and rear change, repair
Change fault information dimension difference △ D, the similitude difference △ R of front and rear different scale2Totality develop towards bigger direction.
6th step is as shown in figure 18, it is determined that on the basis of the paleotectonic stress field of fault development, can analyze rudimentary sequence and break
Layer moves towards the regularity of distribution, and comparison diagram 18 and Figure 16 is understood, the low-grade fault law of development prediction based on fracture Self-similarity Theory
As a result it is basically identical with the law of development in stress field simulation prediction crack, so as to demonstrate the reliability of this method.
The present invention is described by way of example above, but the invention is not restricted to above-mentioned specific embodiment, it is all to be based on
Any changes or modifications that the present invention is done belong to the scope of protection of present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of low-grade fault law of development Forecasting Methodology based on fracture Self-similarity Theory, as follows the step of prediction：
1) seismic interpretation related software is utilized, the fault plane spread figure in work area is obtained by precise seismic interpretation, is studied
Fault plane spread, the seismic cross-section in area；
2) setting fracture self-similarity law of development quantization parameter；Fault information dimension D is expressed as：
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In formula (1),PiIt is the probability that each information point falls into small i-th grid；ε is the side of grid
It is long；In order to more specifically represent this self-similarity of fracture, two parameters are defined：
Information dimension is poor：
Δ D=D2-D1 (2)
Similitude is poor：
ΔR2=R2 2-R2 1 (3)
When increasing certain low-grade fault, in formula (2), formula (3), D1、D2It is right respectively before and after low-grade fault increase
The fracture information dimension value answered；R2 1、R2 2Respectively before and after low-grade fault increase, the similarity degree evaluation of fracture quantifies knot
Fruit --- obtain D values, corresponding fitting coefficient after being fitted in each unit to variable；ΔD、ΔR2To increase certain craven fault
Afterwards, in a certain unit, after the information of tomography dimension, similarity degree change with the difference before change；
When deleting certain low-grade fault, in formula (2), formula (3), D2、D1It is right before and after respectively low-grade fault is deleted
The fracture information dimension value answered；R2 2、R2 1Before and after respectively low-grade fault is deleted, the similarity degree evaluation of fracture quantifies knot
Fruit --- obtain D values, corresponding fitting coefficient after being fitted in each unit to variable；ΔD、ΔR2To delete certain craven fault
Afterwards, in a certain unit, information dimension, the preceding difference with after change of similarity degree change of tomography；
3) it is broken self-similarity parametric test --- by taking the fracture system that work area has been implemented as an example, n bars are broken altogether, are chosen wherein
M bar low-grade faults do statistical analysis, remaining n-m bar is controlled fracturing blasting；Design two schemes：Option A：It is advanced in n-m bars
Under the control of sequence tomography, increase the bar number of low-grade fault one by one, judge Δ R2, Δ D change；Option b：N bars tomography is made
For entirety, every tomography is deleted one by one, judges the Δ R of every tomography2, Δ D change；
4) on the basis of seismic interpretation, by the change and dynamic data analysis of profit during the actual development of oil reservoir,
Obtain the fracture of oil reservoir；
5) low-grade fault law of development forecast model is established, on the basis of the fracture spread figure of oil reservoir is obtained, is established rudimentary
Sequence mature fault law forecasting model；
6) simulation determines the second interpretation scheme of low-grade fault, using method for distinguishing is sentenced one by one, after analyzing every tomography deletion
Two parameters --- information ties up poor Δ D, similitude difference Δ R2Change；Judge after deleting certain craven fault, in a certain unit,
Information dimension, the difference of similitude change of tomography；Screen wherein fault information dimension difference Δ D, similitude difference Δ R2The fracture of reduction is entered
Row modification, debugging, make fault information dimension difference Δ D, similitude difference Δ R2It is overall to develop towards the direction of increase；
7) contrast verification of the scheme and stress field simulation result after tomography adjustment --- it is determined that the paleostructure of fault development should
On the basis of the field of force, from the law of development of the angle analysis low-grade fault of geomechanics, and determined with fracture self-similarity
Fault interpretation scheme comparison, checking.
2. a kind of low-grade fault law of development Forecasting Methodology based on fracture Self-similarity Theory according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that：
Described option A refers to the bar number for increasing low-grade fault one by one, judges Δ R2, Δ D change；By to the rudimentary sequence of m bars
The information dimension Statistical Analysis of tomography, whether have to information dimension D is bigger, similarity R from statistical significance analysis low-grade fault2
Higher development trend；
Described option b and diagnostic method refers in fracture system one by one, deletes every tomography one by one, differentiate one by one every it is low
Δ R corresponding to level sequence tomography2、ΔD；
The feasibility of low-grade fault is predicted with fracture self-similarity from option A, option b checking.
3. a kind of low-grade fault law of development Forecasting Methodology based on fracture Self-similarity Theory according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that：
Described low-grade fault law of development forecast model refers to establish using advanced sequence tomography as skeleton, and utilizes the low of determination
Level sequence tomography is to model supplement, perfect, the tectonic model of foundation fracture self similarity, with the other uncertain tomographies of this model prediction
Reasonable dismissal scheme.
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| CN112576246B (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2023-10-31 | 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 | Prediction method for low-order fault in offshore complex fault block oil field |
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