CN106291715A - A kind of low-grade fault law of development Forecasting Methodology based on fracture Self-similarity Theory - Google Patents

A kind of low-grade fault law of development Forecasting Methodology based on fracture Self-similarity Theory Download PDF

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CN106291715A
CN106291715A CN201610849701.1A CN201610849701A CN106291715A CN 106291715 A CN106291715 A CN 106291715A CN 201610849701 A CN201610849701 A CN 201610849701A CN 106291715 A CN106291715 A CN 106291715A
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fracture
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tomography
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CN106291715B (en
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刘敬寿
丁文龙
杨海盟
王兴华
李昂
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China University of Geosciences Beijing
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    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/40—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging
    • G01V1/44—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging using generators and receivers in the same well
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    • G01V1/50—Analysing data
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    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
    • G01V2210/60—Analysis
    • G01V2210/61—Analysis by combining or comparing a seismic data set with other data
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Abstract

The present invention relates to oilfield prospecting developing, Mineral assessment prediction field, a kind of low-grade fault law of development Forecasting Methodology based on fracture Self-similarity Theory.Patent of the present invention is on the basis of seismic interpretation, set fracture self-similarity law of development quantization parameter, and carry out the self-similarity parametric test that ruptures, in conjunction with oil reservoir development fracture, with senior sequence tomography for constraint, set up low-grade fault law of development forecast model, and then propose low-grade fault second interpretation scheme, finally by stress field simulation to interpretation scheme contrast verification.Patent tradition of the present invention solves seismic interpretation and is difficult to accurately identify a difficult problem for low-grade fault, and then improves the precision of oil field second interpretation tomography.

Description

A kind of low-grade fault law of development Forecasting Methodology based on fracture Self-similarity Theory
Technical field
The present invention relates to oilfield prospecting developing, Mineral assessment prediction field, especially a kind of based on fracture self similarity reason The low-grade fault law of development Forecasting Methodology of opinion.
Background technology
Fracture " self similarity " phenomenon is a kind of universal phenomenon of nature, integrated therewith similar of the part of self-explanatory characters' thing Property, rift structure is no exception.People early have been noted that the similarity of rift structure, i.e. scale difference, character phase not to the utmost With and the similar structure of matter system of profile, produced structure is similar under the active force by equidirectional phenomenon ( Wen You, 1984), and according to this structure principle of similitude, carried out simulation experiment widely, establish many tectonic models (or Pattern).But in nature, the similar constructions of some different scales (or different brackets) often constitutes the corresponding pass that certain is special System.As in some areas, often growing several groups of different grades of fractures, location is cut into that scale is different and shape by them The geological mass that state is similar, they are under certain orientation tectonic stress field action, and deformation, first by low level Fracture Control, forms certain Plant low level fault complexe.With development of deformation, deformation, progressively by equidirectional high-level Fracture Control, is formed of the same race high-level disconnected Split combination.Or the structure composition of a certain rank fault complexe, evolutionary process is formed the same of low order (also for low level) Plant fault complexe.So, low level (or low order) fault complexe is as the group of high-level (or high order) of the same race fault complexe Become part.
(1) Self-Similarity Phenomena is a kind of the most universal phenomenon of nature, such as coastline plant, the speckle of animal (zebra) Deng all showing self-similarity.
(2) fault complexe self-similarity is one of base attribute of rift structure, under certain orientation tectonic stress effect, Its deformation is by different brackets Fracture Control, and to high-grade development or is derived subordinate faults by inferior grade, all can be formed certainly Similar fault complexe.And the fracture of nature different brackets to coexist be a kind of universal phenomenon, structural deformation the most necessarily has an evolution Process, therefore, self similarity fault complexe is a kind of universal phenomenon, and self-similarity is the base attribute of rift structure.
In low-grade fault is predicted, the spread of low-grade fault affects oil and gas development, remaining oil distribution, is puzzlement oil district The difficult point of exploitation further.Traditional seismic interpretation is difficult to accurately identify the fracture of this yardstick, due to the scale of low-grade fault Little, disguised strong, the features such as seismic recognition is difficult, have a strong impact on the accuracy that low-grade fault is explained.Currently mainly apply Some production seismics new techniques such as cross hole seismic technology, fine coherent analysis technology and Discussion of Earthquake Attribute Technology realize rudimentary sequence The identification of tomography describes.On the basis of identifying description, main application construction background method, fault combination analysis method, tectonic stress The law of development of low-grade fault is predicted by the methods such as Field Analyze Method, structural physical simulation method and rock stratum curvature method, and then Instruct implementing of local structure.Patent of the present invention, on the basis of seismic interpretation, sets fracture self-similarity law of development and quantifies Parameter, and carry out the self-similarity parametric test that ruptures, in conjunction with oil reservoir development fracture, with senior sequence tomography for constraint, set up low Level sequence mature fault law forecasting model, and then low-grade fault second interpretation scheme is proposed, finally by stress field simulation pair Interpretation scheme contrast verification.
Summary of the invention
Present invention seek to address that the problems referred to above, it is provided that a kind of low-grade fault based on fracture Self-similarity Theory grows rule Rule Forecasting Methodology, it achieves the prediction of oil reservoir low-grade fault law of development.
The technical scheme is that a kind of low-grade fault law of development prediction side based on fracture Self-similarity Theory Method, specifically comprises the following steps that
The first step passes through 3-D seismics Fine structural interpretation, obtains fault plane spread figure, seismic cross-section
Utilize seismic interpretation related software, obtained the fault plane spread figure in work area by meticulous seismic interpretation, ground Study carefully the fault plane spread in district, seismic cross-section.
Second step sets fracture self-similarity law of development quantization parameter
Fracture system has the self-similarity of statistical significance on geometric shape, structural evolution and origin cause of formation power；Fracture Having the self-similarity of statistical significance, can represent by fault information dimension, capacity dimension does not has the heterogeneity of image study object, Whether data point is fallen into, therefore the concept of introducing information dimension D in only considering the grid of the different length of side (ε):
D ( F ) = - lim ϵ → 0 I ( ϵ ) l n ( ϵ ) - - - ( 1 )
In formula (1),PiIt it is each information point probability of falling into the little grid of i-th；ε is grid The length of side.
In order to more specifically represent this self-similarity of fracture, define two parameters:
Information dimension difference △ D:
△ D=D2-D1 (2)
Similarity difference △ R2:
△R2=R2 2-R2 1 (3)
In formula (2), formula (3), D1、D2Before and after low-grade fault increases respectively, the information dimension value of fracture；R2 1、R2 2 Before and after being respectively low-grade fault increase, the similarity numerical value of fracture；I.e. △ D, △ R2After increasing certain craven fault, a certain list In unit, the information dimension of tomography, the difference of similarity change.
3rd step fracture self-similarity parametric test
As a example by the fracture system implemented, the fracture of n bar, chooses m bar low-grade fault therein and does statistical altogether Analysis, remaining n-m bar is that controlled fracturing blasting (senior sequence tomography) designs two schemes:
Option A: under the control of n-m bar senior sequence tomography, increases the bar number of low-grade fault, it is judged that △ R one by one2、△D Change.
Option b: at n bar as entirety, deletes every tomography of increasing, it is judged that the △ R of every tomography one by one2, the change of △ D.
Described option A refers to increase one by one the bar number of low-grade fault, it is judged that △ R2, the change of △ D；By more than m The information dimension Statistical Analysis of bar low-grade fault, from statistical significance analyze low-grade fault whether have bigger to information dimension D, Similarity R2Higher development trend；Described option b and one by one diagnostic method refer in fracture system, one by one additions and deletions every Tomography, judges the △ R before and after every tomography is deleted from statistical significance2, whether △ D increase；Use disconnected from option A, option b checking Split the feasibility of self-similarity prediction low-grade fault.
4th step obtains oil reservoir development fracture
On the basis of seismic interpretation, divided by change and the dynamic data of profit during the actual development of oil reservoir Analysis, obtains the fracture of oil reservoir.
5th step sets up low-grade fault law of development forecast model
On the basis of the fracture spread figure obtaining oil reservoir, set up low-grade fault law of development forecast model.
Described low-grade fault law of development forecast model refers to set up with senior sequence tomography as skeleton, and utilization determines Low-grade fault is supplementary to model, perfect, sets up the tectonic model of fracture self similarity, predicts the conjunction of other uncertain tomography with this Reason interpretation scheme.
6th step simulation determines the second interpretation scheme of low-grade fault
Use and sentence method for distinguishing one by one, analyze two parameter informations dimension difference △ D, similaritys after every tomography is deleted Difference △ R2Change；After i.e. increasing and decreasing certain craven fault, in a certain unit, the information dimension of tomography, the difference of similarity change.Screen it Middle fault information dimension difference △ D, similarity difference △ R2The fracture reduced is modified, is debugged, and makes fault information dimension difference △ D, similar Property difference △ R2Totally develop towards the direction increased.
Scheme and the contrast verification of stress field simulation result after 7th step tomography adjustment
Low-grade fault is the product under Regional tectonic stress field, and Regional tectonic stress field is in regional stress field Derive from background, can be derived from by one or several senior sequence tomography and be formed, it is also possible to be derived from shape by rock stratum flexural deformation Become.The growth of low-grade fault is controlled primarily by ancient minimum principal stress and the distribution of shear stress.Minimum principal stress Spring layer is rudimentary Sequence tomography advantage is grown；Plane shear stress controls the planar distribution of low-grade fault；Section shear stress controls rudimentary sequence and breaks The tendency of layer: according to coulomb fracture criteria, two groups of shear failure planes have conjugacy, and its open bevel bisector direction is minimum Principal direction of stress.In plane strain ellipse, two groups of conjugated shear joins lines represent the strike line of two groups of tomographies.Being cut by plane should The control of power distribution, the development degree of two groups of tomographies is typically different, and has left-handed character in left-hand face shear stress environment One group of mature fault degree is high, and one group of mature fault degree in right-hand face shear stress environment with dextrorotation character is high, because of This can explain the tendency of tomography according to the character of section shear stress.
On the basis of determining the paleotectonic stress field of fault development, can break from the rudimentary sequence of the angle analysis of geomechanics Layer law of development, and with fracture self-similarity determine fault interpretation scheme comparison, checking.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: patent of the present invention, on the basis of seismic interpretation, sets fracture self-similarity and grows Rule quantization parameter, and carry out the self-similarity parametric test that ruptures, in conjunction with oil reservoir development fracture, it is about with senior sequence tomography Bundle, sets up the forecast model of low-grade fault law of development, and then proposes low-grade fault second interpretation scheme, finally by answering The field of force is simulated interpretation scheme contrast verification.The present invention is for the regularity of distribution prediction of low-grade fault, remaining oil distribution, secondary The many aspects such as development plan adjustment have higher practical value, and forecast cost is cheap, workable, reduces in a large number Manpower, the expenditure of financial resources, practical to In Oil Field Exploration And Development.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of a kind of low-grade fault law of development Forecasting Methodology based on fracture Self-similarity Theory.
Fig. 2 is Gaoyou Depression construction location and zoning map.
Fig. 3 is the horse 35 fault-block structure location drawing.
Fig. 4 is Gaoyou Depression fracture system figure.
Fig. 5 is the bar number increasing low-grade fault one by one and D, R2Relation.
Fig. 6 is for differentiating every low-grade fault and R one by one2Relation.
Fig. 7 is for differentiating every low-grade fault and D relation one by one.
Fig. 8 is that horse 35 fault block oil reservoir develops fracture.
Fig. 9 is horse 35 fault block low-grade fault law of development forecast model.
Figure 10 is that 1. tomography revises schematic diagram.
Figure 11 is that 1. tomography revises before and after △ D, △ R2Change.
Figure 12 is that 2. tomography revises schematic diagram.
Figure 13 is that 2. tomography revises before and after △ D, △ R2Change.
Figure 14 is that 3. tomography revises schematic diagram.
Figure 15 is that 3. tomography revises before and after △ D, △ R2Change.
Figure 16 is that 4. tomography revises schematic diagram.
Figure 17 is that 4. tomography revises before and after △ D, △ R2Change.
Figure 18 horse based on numerical simulation for stress field 35 fault block low-grade fault trend estimate.
Detailed description of the invention
The detailed description of the invention of the present invention is described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
Study area is that Wei Zhuan horse man's mouth area Chinese stays horse 35 fault block near fracture belt, textural is positioned at Gaoyou Depression southwest Portion, fault Hanliu and the most 2. western edge of tomography, primary recessed west of Shao, most area is positioned at deep recessed band.Horse man mouth structure is positioned at The downthrow block of fault Hanliu, the monoclinal structure of the overall northwestwards lifting in Shang Shi stratum, region, north and south is respectively by the most 2. tomography and the Chinese Tomography is stayed to clamp.Wei Zhuan structure is positioned at fault Hanliu upthrow, belongs to the southern edge of Northern Slope of Gaoyou Sag, and tectonic activity is mainly subject to The Chinese stays the impact of fracture.In Wei horse area, sedimentary rocks are grown, and oil generation environment is good, and Oil-gas Accumulation Types is many, and enrichment degree is high, is to survey One of oil-gas bearing area that spy degree is higher (Fig. 2-Fig. 3).
1st step utilizes seismic interpretation related software, is obtained the fault plane spread of Gaoyou Depression by meticulous seismic interpretation Figure (Fig. 4).
2nd step demonstrates the feasibility using fracture self-similarity prediction low-grade fault by option A, option b, its In implement Jinhu Depression all kinds of fracture of mound two-stage nitration 815, with wherein 300 major rupture as controlled fracturing blasting, 515 for simulation low Level sequence fracture, concrete scheme is as follows:
(1) option A increases the bar number of low-grade fault one by one, it is judged that △ R2, the change of △ D.
As it is shown in figure 5, the information dimension Statistical Analysis of more than 515 bar low-grade fault, affected by senior sequence tomography and controlled System, draws from statistical significance, and low-grade fault oriented information dimension D is bigger, similarity R2Higher development trend, former based on this Reason, can attempt analyzing low-grade fault plane, the reasonability of section combination rule.
(2) in option b fracture system, additions and deletions every tomography one by one, it is judged that every tomography delete before and after △ R2、△ The change of D.
Obtained by Fig. 6, by differentiating one by one, in 515 low-grade fault, the △ R of the tomography of 86.2%2It is to increase； Only have the tomography △ R of 13.8%2It is to reduce.Obtained by Fig. 7, by differentiating one by one, in 515 low-grade fault, 92.2% The △ D of tomography be to increase；The tomography △ D of 7.8% is to reduce.
Can be drawn in a fracture system by Fig. 5-Fig. 7, be affected by senior sequence tomography, in different statistical yardsticks R (), low-grade fault, in statistical significance, always develops (△ R towards the higher direction of similarity degree2, △ D increases), thus verify Use the feasibility of fracture self-similarity prediction low-grade fault.
3rd step, on the basis of seismic interpretation, by the change of profit during the actual development of oil reservoir and dynamically provides Material is analyzed, and obtains the fracture (Fig. 8) of horse 35 fault block oil reservoir.
4th step, on the basis of the fracture spread figure obtaining oil reservoir, is set up with senior sequence tomography as skeleton, in conjunction with determining Low-grade fault to model supplement, perfect, set up horse 35 fault block fracture self similarity tectonic model (Fig. 9), predict it with this The reasonable dismissal scheme of its uncertain tomography.
5th step uses sentences method for distinguishing one by one, analyze two parameter informations dimension difference △ D after every tomography is deleted, Similarity difference △ R2Change；After i.e. increasing certain craven fault, in a certain unit, the information dimension of tomography, the difference of similarity change. Screen wherein fault information dimension difference △ D, similarity difference △ R2The fracture reduced is modified, is debugged, and makes fault information dimension difference △ D, similarity difference △ R2Develop towards the direction increased.
(1) 1. tomography is revised
Before and after Figure 10, Figure 11 represent fracture amendment, fault information dimension difference △ D, similarity difference △ R2Before and after change, amendment The fault information dimension difference △ D of different scale, similarity difference △ R front and back2Overall develop towards bigger direction.
(2) 2. tomography is revised
Before and after Figure 12, Figure 13 represent fracture 2. amendment, fault information dimension difference △ D, similarity difference △ R2Before and after change, repair Change the fault information dimension difference △ D of before and after's different scale, similarity difference △ R2Overall develop towards bigger direction.
(3) 3. tomography is revised
Before and after Figure 14, Figure 15 represent fracture 3. amendment, fault information dimension difference △ D, similarity difference △ R2Before and after change, repair Change the fault information dimension difference △ D of before and after's different scale, similarity difference △ R2Overall develop towards bigger direction.
(4) 4. tomography is revised
Before and after Figure 16, Figure 17 represent fracture 4. amendment, fault information dimension difference △ D, similarity difference △ R2Before and after change, repair Change the fault information dimension difference △ D of before and after's different scale, similarity difference △ R2Overall develop towards bigger direction.
6th step as shown in figure 18, on the basis of determining the paleotectonic stress field of fault development, can analyze rudimentary sequence The fault strike regularity of distribution, contrast Figure 18 Yu Figure 16 understands, and low-grade fault law of development based on fracture Self-similarity Theory is pre- Survey result basically identical with the law of development in stress field simulation prediction crack, thus demonstrate the reliability of this method.
Describe the present invention the most by way of example, but the invention is not restricted to above-mentioned specific embodiment, all based on Any change or modification that the present invention is done belong to the scope of protection of present invention.

Claims (3)

1. a low-grade fault law of development Forecasting Methodology based on fracture Self-similarity Theory, described step is as follows:
1) utilize seismic interpretation related software, obtained the fault plane spread figure in work area by meticulous seismic interpretation, studied The fault plane spread in district, seismic cross-section；
2) fracture self-similarity law of development quantization parameter is set；Fault information dimension D is expressed as:
D ( F ) = - lim ϵ → 0 I ( ϵ ) l n ( ϵ ) - - - ( 1 )
In formula (1),PiIt it is each information point probability of falling into the little grid of i-th；ε is the limit of grid Long；In order to more specifically represent this self-similarity of fracture, define two parameters:
Information dimension is poor:
△ D=D2-D1 (2)
Similarity is poor:
△R2=R2 2-R2 1 (3)
In formula (2), formula (3), D1、D2Before and after low-grade fault increases respectively, corresponding fracture information dimension value；R2 1、R2 2 Being respectively before and after low-grade fault increases, the similarity degree of fracture is evaluated in each unit of quantized result after to variable matching Obtain D value, corresponding fitting coefficient；△D、△R2After increasing certain craven fault, in a certain unit, the information dimension of tomography, phase Difference like degree change；
3) fracture self-similarity parametric test is as a example by the fracture system that work area has been implemented, and the fracture of n bar, chooses wherein altogether M bar low-grade fault do statistical analysis, remaining n-m bar is controlled fracturing blasting；Design two schemes: option A: senior at n-m bar Under the control of sequence tomography, increase the bar number of low-grade fault one by one, it is judged that △ R2, the change of △ D；Option b: at n bar as whole Body, deletes every tomography of increasing, it is judged that the △ R of every tomography one by one2, the change of △ D；
4) on the basis of seismic interpretation, by the change of profit during the actual development of oil reservoir and dynamic data analysis, Obtain the fracture of oil reservoir；
5) set up low-grade fault law of development forecast model, on the basis of the fracture spread figure obtaining oil reservoir, set up rudimentary Sequence mature fault law forecasting model；
6) simulation determines the second interpretation scheme of low-grade fault, uses and sentences method for distinguishing one by one, after analyzing every tomography deletion Two parameter informations dimension difference △ D, similarity difference △ R2Change；After judging additions and deletions craven fault, in a certain unit, The information dimension of tomography, the difference of similarity change；Screen wherein fault information dimension difference △ D, similarity difference △ R2The fracture reduced is entered Row amendment, debugging, make fault information dimension difference △ D, similarity difference △ R2Totally develop towards the direction increased；
7) scheme and the contrast verification of stress field simulation result after tomography adjusts should in the paleostructure determining fault development On the basis of the field of force, from the law of development of the angle analysis low-grade fault of geomechanics, and determine with fracture self-similarity Fault interpretation scheme comparison, checking.
A kind of low-grade fault law of development Forecasting Methodology based on fracture Self-similarity Theory the most according to claim 1, It is characterized in that:
Described option A refers to increase one by one the bar number of low-grade fault, it is judged that △ R2, the change of △ D；Rudimentary by bar more than m From statistical significance, the information dimension Statistical Analysis of sequence tomography, analyzes whether low-grade fault has bigger, the similarity to information dimension D R2Higher development trend；Described option b and one by one diagnostic method refer in fracture system, one by one additions and deletions every tomography, The △ R before and after every tomography is deleted is judged from statistical significance2, whether △ D increase；Use fracture certainly from option A, option b checking The feasibility of similarity prediction low-grade fault.
A kind of low-grade fault law of development Forecasting Methodology based on fracture Self-similarity Theory the most according to claim 1, It is characterized in that:
Described low-grade fault law of development forecast model refer to set up with senior sequence tomography as skeleton, and utilize determine low Level sequence tomography is supplementary to model, perfect, sets up the tectonic model of fracture self similarity, with other uncertain tomography of this model prediction Reasonable dismissal scheme.
CN201610849701.1A 2016-09-24 2016-09-24 A kind of low-grade fault law of development Forecasting Methodology based on fracture Self-similarity Theory Expired - Fee Related CN106291715B (en)

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CN111897008A (en) * 2020-08-07 2020-11-06 西南石油大学 Fracture grading prediction method based on seismic frequency division technology
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