AU2019201299A1 - System and method for a vertically adjustable tower crane - Google Patents

System and method for a vertically adjustable tower crane Download PDF

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Publication number
AU2019201299A1
AU2019201299A1 AU2019201299A AU2019201299A AU2019201299A1 AU 2019201299 A1 AU2019201299 A1 AU 2019201299A1 AU 2019201299 A AU2019201299 A AU 2019201299A AU 2019201299 A AU2019201299 A AU 2019201299A AU 2019201299 A1 AU2019201299 A1 AU 2019201299A1
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Australia
Prior art keywords
tower
climbing
static
crane
building
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Pending
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AU2019201299A
Inventor
Jason John Douglas Birch
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J Hutchinson Pty Ltd
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J Hutchinson Pty Ltd
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Priority to AU2019201299A priority Critical patent/AU2019201299A1/en
Publication of AU2019201299A1 publication Critical patent/AU2019201299A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/18Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes
    • B66C23/26Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes for use on building sites; constructed, e.g. with separable parts, to facilitate rapid assembly or dismantling, for operation at successively higher levels, for transport by road or rail
    • B66C23/28Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes for use on building sites; constructed, e.g. with separable parts, to facilitate rapid assembly or dismantling, for operation at successively higher levels, for transport by road or rail constructed to operate at successively higher levels
    • B66C23/30Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes for use on building sites; constructed, e.g. with separable parts, to facilitate rapid assembly or dismantling, for operation at successively higher levels, for transport by road or rail constructed to operate at successively higher levels with frameworks composed of telescopic elements
    • B66C23/305Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes for use on building sites; constructed, e.g. with separable parts, to facilitate rapid assembly or dismantling, for operation at successively higher levels, for transport by road or rail constructed to operate at successively higher levels with frameworks composed of telescopic elements with locking devices
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/18Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes
    • B66C23/26Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes for use on building sites; constructed, e.g. with separable parts, to facilitate rapid assembly or dismantling, for operation at successively higher levels, for transport by road or rail
    • B66C23/28Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes for use on building sites; constructed, e.g. with separable parts, to facilitate rapid assembly or dismantling, for operation at successively higher levels, for transport by road or rail constructed to operate at successively higher levels
    • B66C23/32Self-hoisting cranes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/18Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes
    • B66C23/20Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes with supporting couples provided by walls of buildings or like structures
    • B66C23/208Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes with supporting couples provided by walls of buildings or like structures with supporting couples provided from the side, e.g. by walls of buildings

Abstract

A system for a vertically adjustable tower crane enables a crane to be efficiently raised during a working day above a maximum night or low visibility altitude and then lowered at the end of the day back below the maximum night 5 or low visibility altitude. The system comprises: a base support extending outward from an external face of a building; a static tower connected to the base support; a climbing tower connected to the static tower; and a climbing mechanism attached to the climbing tower or the static tower, whereby the climbing tower can be moved up or down relative to the static tower. 10 14

Description

TITLE SYSTEMAND METHOD FORA VERTICALLY ADJUSTABLE TOWER CRANE FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to cranes, and in particular although not exclusively to tower cranes used in the construction of high rise buildings.
BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION
There are generally two types of high-rise construction cranes available on the market for constructing tall buildings. The one most commonly used where there is a close proximity to adjacent buildings is the luffing type tower crane, where the boom of the crane is raised upwards from the horizontal to enable the hook of the crane to be closer to the crane's vertical support tower. The boom length of luffing cranes is typically between 40m and 60m, such that when an object is lifted close to the support tower the boom often extends vertically upward to significant heights.
The other type of crane commonly used in high-rise construction is a fixed boom crane, commonly known as a flat top crane due to the horizontal fixed boom. However, these types of cranes are less used on building projects at dense urban sites, as the horizontal reach of the boom can clash with adjacent buildings.
Typically, construction cranes are positioned on the outside frame of a building, and as construction of the building progresses the crane is lifted or "climbed" upwards along the building. The top of the crane (known as the machine deck) is lifted using a climbing frame that wraps around the crane tower and is attached to the underside of the machine deck's mount. The crane tower sections are then added one by one as the crane climbs up with the structure.
Another method to lift cranes as the building height increases is to position the crane tower inside the building through, for example, temporary floor penetrations or inside the lift shaft. With such an internally climbed method, rather than adding additional crane tower sections to raise the crane, a fixed number of crane tower sections are attached below the machine deck of the crane. A climbing mechanism is located at the bottom crane tower section, which climbing mechanism relies on the permanent structure of the building, such as floor slabs or lift shaft walls, to support the vertical load of the crane. The crane is then enabled to lift itself up to sit on the next level. With such cranes the floor penetrations or the lift shaft also provide lateral stability for the cranes.
However, new high rise buildings are now being built close to the maximum height limit allowed by authorities such as the Australian Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA), such that the use of prior art tower cranes during construction of the new buildings would breach the maximum allowed height. Typically, a 12m maximum operating zone is allowed for construction equipment above the maximum allowable building height. But that is generally not adequate to enable the use of traditional luffing or flat top cranes for constructing buildings at the maximum allowable heights.
There is therefore a need for an improved system and method for a vertically adjustable tower crane.
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to overcome and/or alleviate one or more of the above described disadvantages of the prior art or provide the consumer with a useful or commercial choice.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to one aspect, the invention is a system for a vertically adjustable tower crane, the system comprising:
a base support extending outward from an external face of a building;
a static tower connected to the base support;
a climbing tower connected to the static tower; and
a climbing mechanism attached to the climbing tower or the static tower, whereby the climbing tower can be moved up or down relative to the static tower.
Preferably, a flat top crane is connected to a top of the climbing tower.
Preferably, the climbing tower is positioned inside of the static tower.
Preferably, the climbing mechanism is one of the following: a three beam climbing mechanism, a ladder climbing mechanism or a collar climbing mechanism.
Preferably, the climbing mechanism comprises hydraulic rams.
Preferably, the climbing mechanism is connected to a base of the climbing tower.
Preferably, beams of the climbing mechanism are supported by cross bars of the static tower.
Preferably, the base support is a cantilevered grillage.
Preferably, the cantilevered grillage is braced to super structure, columns, floors, or other core structures of the building.
Preferably, the cantilevered grillage comprises a pair of I-beams extending outward from the face of the building.
Preferably, the cantilevered grillage is positioned at a base of the static tower.
Preferably, the system further comprises tie beams extending from the static tower back to the face of the building.
Preferably, the tie beams are connected to external edges of floors of the building.
Preferably, the climbing mechanism has a vertical climbing rate of at least 20 m per hour.
According to another aspect, the invention is a method for a vertically adjustable tower crane, the method comprising:
extending a base support outward from an external face of a building;
connecting a static tower to the base support;
connecting a climbing tower to the static tower; and
operating a climbing mechanism attached to the climbing tower or the static tower, whereby the climbing tower is moved up or down relative to the static tower.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
To assist in understanding the invention and to enable a person skilled in the art to put the invention into practical effect, preferred embodiments of the invention are described below by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a side view of a system for a vertically adjustable tower crane, according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a further schematic diagram of the side view of the system of FIG. 1, however illustrating the climbing tower lifted one stage above that of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a perspective view of the system of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a close up side perspective view of the climbing mechanism of the system of FIG. 1, illustrating an operational position;
FIG. 5 is a close up side perspective view of the climbing mechanism of the system of FIG. 1, illustrating a climbing position;
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a perspective view of the static tower of the system of FIG. 1, without showing the climbing tower;
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a close up perspective view of the cantilevered grillage of the system of FIG. 1; and
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a close up top view of the static tower of the system of FIG. 1.
Like reference symbols in the various drawings indicate like elements.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The present invention relates to a system and method for a vertically adjustable tower crane. Elements of the invention are illustrated in concise outline form in the drawings, showing only those specific details that are necessary to understanding the embodiments of the present invention, but so as not to clutter the disclosure with excessive detail that will be obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present description.
In this patent specification, adjectives such as first and second, left and right, top and bottom, up and down, upper and lower, rear, front and side, etc., are used solely to define one element or method step from another element or method step without necessarily requiring a specific relative position or sequence that is described by the adjectives. Words such as "comprises" or "includes" are not used to define an exclusive set of elements or method steps. Rather, such words merely define a minimum set of elements or method steps included in a particular embodiment of the present invention.
According to one aspect, the present invention is defined as a system for a vertically adjustable tower crane, the system comprising: a cantilevered grillage, which in use extends outward from an external face of a building; a static tower connected to the cantilevered grillage; a climbing tower connected to the static tower; and a climbing mechanism attached to the climbing tower or the static tower, whereby the climbing tower can be moved up or down relative to the static tower.
Advantages of some embodiments of the present invention include the ability to rapidly raise and lower a crane, such as a flat top crane attached to a top of the climbing tower, above and below a maximum night or low visibility working altitude. Further advantages include the ability to employ known and economical crane climbing mechanisms to raise and lower the climbing tower. Yet further advantages include the ability to efficiently support the cantilevered grillage by bracing it between a floor and a ceiling of a single story of the building.
Other advantages of the present invention include the relative safety of the environment inside the static tower. Workers assembling, operating, maintaining or disassembling the climbing tower can operate exclusively within, and be constantly and safely secured to, the static tower.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that not all of the above advantages will be achieved by all possible embodiments of the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a side view of a system 100 for a vertically adjustable tower crane, according to an embodiment of the present invention. The system 100 includes a base support in the form of a cantilevered grillage 105, which extends outward from an external face 110 of a building 115. A base of a static tower 120 is connected to the cantilevered grillage 105, such that the weight of the static tower 120 is supported by the cantilevered grillage 105. Tie bars 122 also secure the static tower 120 to the sides of the building 115.
The static tower 120 comprises thirteen (13) tower stages 124 in the form of rectangular truss sections, all bolted together in series, one on top of the other.
A climbing tower 125 is connected to the static tower 120 by being telescopically received inside the rectangular shaft defined by the static tower 120. A climbing mechanism 130 is attached to the base of the climbing tower 125, and enables the climbing tower 125 to be pushed upward or lowered downward through the shaft of the static tower 120.
A flat top crane 135 is attached to a top of the climbing tower 125. As is well known in the art, such a flat top crane 135 can rotate horizontally through 360 degrees about its point of attachment. A cable driven hook 140 can be raised and lowered from a distal end of a boom 145, where the load on the hook 140 is counterbalanced by a counter weight 150. That provides free lifting access for the crane 135 over and around the entire circumference of the building 115.
As shown, the flat top crane 135 is positioned well below both a maximum CASA approved daytime working altitude 155, and a maximum CASA approved night-time or low visibility working altitude 160. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the building 115 is only partially completed, up to level 80.
Floor levels 165, illustrated and labelled from level 66 through to the Roof Deck level of the building 115 are also illustrated. Note that the floor levels 1 through 65 are not illustrated.
FIG. 2 is a further schematic diagram of the side view of the system 100, however illustrating the climbing tower 125 lifted one stage above that of FIG. 1. As shown, in FIG. 2 the climbing mechanism 130 is supported at a stage 4 of the static tower 120, whereas in FIG. 1 the climbing mechanism 130 is supported at a stage 3 of the static tower 120. The flat top crane 135 is thus shown in FIG. 2 as having been lifted just above the maximum CASA approved night-time or low visibility working altitude 160.
The system 100 can be assembled on the side of the building 115 using the assistance, for example, of a standard luffing crane (not shown) secured, as is well known in the art, to a central lift shaft of the building 115. Then, after the system 100 including the flat top crane 135 is assembled, the flat top crane 135 can be used to disassembled the luffing crane. Such disassembly can occur before the height of the building 115 is so high that the luffing crane would extend above the maximum CASA approved night-time or low visibility working altitude 160. After the luffing crane is disassembled, the flat top crane 135 then can be used to complete construction of the final stories of the building 115.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a perspective view of the system 100. Further details of the tie bars 122 and cantilevered grillage 105, which securely lock the static tower 120 to the side of the building 115, are clearly shown.
FIG. 4 is a close up side perspective view of the climbing mechanism 130 of the system 100, illustrating an operational position that enables the crane 135 to be operated in general use lifting loads to and from the building 115. Known in the art as a "three beam climbing" technique, components of the climbing mechanism 130 include three horizontal beam sections 400a, 400b and 400c.
Each beam section 400a, 400b and 400c includes two retractable internal beam members 405 on either end of the beam sections 400a, 400b, 400c, which internal beam members 405 are shown in FIG. 4 as fully extended and resting on a horizontal truss member 410 of the static tower 120. That is an operational position, which enables the climbing tower to be rigidly supported vertically by the six internal beam members 405 of the beam sections 400a, 400b, 400c. Because the climbing tower 125 is laterally restrained inside the truss structure shaft of the static tower 120, in such an operational position the flat top crane 135 is enabled to operate normally and securely, lifting and lowering loads to and from the building 115.
As shown, the climbing mechanism 130 includes a frame structure 415 to which the beam sections 400a, 400b, 400c are attached. A top of the frame structure 415 is connected to a lower end of the climbing tower 125 by a transition frame 420.
FIG. 5 is a close up side perspective view of the climbing mechanism 130 of the system 100, illustrating a climbing position. In order to raise the climbing tower 125 and the flat top crane 135 to an elevated working position, two hydraulic rams 500, 505 are employed. Each ram 500, 505 is connected at an upper end to the frame structure 415 and at a lower end to the middle beam section 400b, and is housed inside frame structure 415 of the climbing mechanism 130. The rams 500, 505 lift the climbing tower 125 vertically along the full height of one tower stage 124 of the static tower 120.
During the lifting operation, the two internal beam members 405 of each of the outer beam sections 400a, 400c are retracted, enabling the frame of the climbing mechanism 130 to move past the horizontal truss members 410 at the top of the current tower stage 124 of the static tower 120. As shown in FIG. 5, when the hydraulic rams 500, 505 are fully extended and the outer frame of the climbing mechanism 130 is positioned entirely above the current tower stage 124 of the static tower 120, the two internal beam members 405 of each of the outer beam sections 400a, 400c are again extended.
Next, the hydraulic rams 500, 505 are retracted, which first slightly lowers the two internal beam members 405 of each of the outer beam sections 400a, 400c against the upper horizontal truss members 410 at the top of the current tower stage 124, thus stabilising and supporting the climbing tower 125 on the two internal beam members 405 of each of the outer beam sections 400a, 400c. Further retraction of the hydraulic rams 500, 505 then lifts the middle beam section 400b up until it is again at the same height of the outer beam sections 400a, 400c. The two internal beam members 405 of the middle beam section 400b are then again extended, which returns the climbing mechanism 130 to the operational position as shown in FIG. 4.
The above described climbing mechanism 130 thus enables the climbing tower 125 and the flat top crane 135 to be raised and lowered at a rate of at least 20m per hour. That enables the flat top crane 135 to be raised at the start of a working day from a position below the CASA approved night time or low visibility working altitude 160 to an operating altitude between the CASA approved night-time or low visibility working altitude 160 and the CASA approved daytime working altitude 155. Then, at the end of the working day, the flat top crane 135 can be lowered back to a position below the CASA approved night-time or low visibility working altitude 160.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that other types of climbing mechanisms also can be used in association with the present invention. For example, various types of well-known bottom climbing systems, such as collar climbing systems, and ladder climbing systems can be employed.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a perspective view of the static tower 120 the system 100, without showing the climbing tower 125. The horizontal truss members 410 on which the two internal beam members 405 of each of the outer beam sections 400a, 400b, 400c can rest are shown installed on seven of the middle tower stages 124 (namely, at the top of each of Tower 3 through Tower 9). Thus the climbing mechanism 130 can climb up and down through Tower 4 through Tower 9. Further, the flat top crane 135 is able to operate when the climbing mechanism 130 is supported on any of the horizontal truss members 410 of the six middle tower stages 124 of Tower 3 through Tower 8. That thus provides the flat top crane 135 with six discrete working altitudes for a given vertical position of the static tower 120.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a close up perspective view of the cantilevered grillage 105 the system 100. The cantilevered grillage 105 comprises a pair of I-beams 700, 705 extending outward from the face of the building 115. The I-beams 700, 705 can be rigidly braced between a ceiling structure and a floor structure of a single story of the building 115, thus providing ample strength to support the combined weight of the static tower 120, the climbing tower 125, the flat top crane 135, and a load of the crane 135, in a distributed loading across the floor structure of the building 115.
Additional support for the cantilevered grillage 105 is provided by transverse tie bars 122 that are secured to the structure of the building 115 above the I-beams 700, 705.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a close up top view of the static tower 120 of the system 100. The rectangular structure of an individual tower stage 124 is shown, supported by various tie bars 122 that are secured to the building 115.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various embodiments of the present invention can be made of various materials, or a combination of various materials, including steel, steel alloys, other metal alloys or even high strength plastics or composites.
The above description of various embodiments of the present invention is provided for purposes of description to one of ordinary skill in the related art. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to a single disclosed embodiment. Numerous alternatives and variations to the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art of the above teaching. Accordingly, while some alternative embodiments have been discussed specifically, other embodiments will be apparent or relatively easily developed by those of ordinary skill in the art. Accordingly, this patent specification is intended to embrace all alternatives, modifications and variations of the present invention that have been discussed herein, and other embodiments that fall within the spirit and scope of the above described invention.

Claims (15)

Claims
1. A system for a vertically adjustable tower crane, the system comprising:
a base support extending outward from an external face of a building;
a static tower connected to the base support;
a climbing tower connected to the static tower; and
a climbing mechanism attached to the climbing tower or the static tower, whereby the climbing tower can be moved up or down relative to the static tower.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein a flat top crane is connected to a top of the climbing tower.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein, the climbing tower is positioned inside of the static tower.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the climbing mechanism is one of the following: a three beam climbing mechanism, a ladder climbing mechanism or a collar climbing mechanism.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the climbing mechanism comprises hydraulic rams.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the climbing mechanism is connected to a base of the climbing tower.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein beams of the climbing mechanism are supported by truss members of the static tower.
8. The system of claim 1, wherein the base support comprises a cantilevered grillage.
9. The system of claim 8, wherein the cantilevered grillage is braced to super structure, columns, floors, or other core structures of the building.
10. The system of claim 8, wherein the cantilevered grillage comprises a pair of I-beams extending outward from the face of the building.
11. The system of claim 8, wherein the cantilevered grillage is positioned at a base of the static tower.
12. The system of claim 1, wherein the system further comprises tie beams extending from the static tower back to the face of the building.
13. The system of claim 11, wherein the tie beams are connected to external edges of floors of the building.
14. The system of claim 1, wherein the climbing mechanism has a vertical climbing rate of at least 20 m per hour.
15. A method for a vertically adjustable tower crane, the method comprising:
extending a base support outward from an external face of a building;
connecting a static tower to the base support;
connecting a climbing tower to the static tower; and
operating a climbing mechanism attached to the climbing tower or the static tower, whereby the climbing tower is moved up or down relative to the static tower.
AU2019201299A 2019-02-25 2019-02-25 System and method for a vertically adjustable tower crane Pending AU2019201299A1 (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112960566A (en) * 2021-03-15 2021-06-15 广州市恒盛建设工程有限公司 Construction method of built-in tower crane of super high-rise building

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112960566A (en) * 2021-03-15 2021-06-15 广州市恒盛建设工程有限公司 Construction method of built-in tower crane of super high-rise building

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