AU2019101079A4 - A method of connecting metals having dissimilar thermal expansion rates to one another and a rudder manufactured by that method - Google Patents

A method of connecting metals having dissimilar thermal expansion rates to one another and a rudder manufactured by that method Download PDF

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Publication number
AU2019101079A4
AU2019101079A4 AU2019101079A AU2019101079A AU2019101079A4 AU 2019101079 A4 AU2019101079 A4 AU 2019101079A4 AU 2019101079 A AU2019101079 A AU 2019101079A AU 2019101079 A AU2019101079 A AU 2019101079A AU 2019101079 A4 AU2019101079 A4 AU 2019101079A4
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Australia
Prior art keywords
metal
rudder
transition plate
heated
welding
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Expired
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AU2019101079A
Inventor
Malcolm SEWARD
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BAE Systems PLC
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BAE Systems PLC
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from EP13275320.3A external-priority patent/EP2886236A1/en
Priority claimed from GBGB1322251.8A external-priority patent/GB201322251D0/en
Application filed by BAE Systems PLC filed Critical BAE Systems PLC
Priority to AU2019101079A priority Critical patent/AU2019101079A4/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of AU2019101079A4 publication Critical patent/AU2019101079A4/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/23—Arc welding or cutting taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
    • B23K9/232—Arc welding or cutting taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded of different metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/001—Interlayers, transition pieces for metallurgical bonding of workpieces
    • B23K35/004—Interlayers, transition pieces for metallurgical bonding of workpieces at least one of the workpieces being of a metal of the iron group
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
    • B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/3053—Fe as the principal constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/3053—Fe as the principal constituent
    • B23K35/3066—Fe as the principal constituent with Ni as next major constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/3053—Fe as the principal constituent
    • B23K35/308—Fe as the principal constituent with Cr as next major constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/3053—Fe as the principal constituent
    • B23K35/308—Fe as the principal constituent with Cr as next major constituent
    • B23K35/3086—Fe as the principal constituent with Cr as next major constituent containing Ni or Mn
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/38—Selection of media, e.g. special atmospheres for surrounding the working area
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/0026—Arc welding or cutting specially adapted for particular articles or work
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/50—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for welded joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
    • B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
    • B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
    • B23K2103/05—Stainless steel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2251/00—Treating composite or clad material

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)
  • Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)

Abstract

-6 The invention relates to a method of connecting metals together and articles produced thereof and more specifically to connecting metals together to construct the ships rudder wherein the metals have 5 dissimilar thermal expansion rates to one another including the steps of: pre-heat treating a transition plate (13) along with a first metal (11); welding the transition plate to the first metal; stress relieving the resulting weld; and welding a second metal (12) to the at least one transition plate. [Figure 1] 11 f12 Figure 1

Description

A METHOD OF CONNECTING METALS HAVING DISSIMILAR THERMAL EXPANSION RATES TO ONE ANOTHER AND A RUDDER MANUFACTURED BY THAT METHOD
This invention relates to a method of connecting metals having dissimilar thermal expansion rates to one another and a rudder manufactured by that method.
The embodiment of the invention described below has been specifically developed for connecting metals together and articles produced thereof and more specifically to connecting them to construct a ship’s rudder.
Any discussion of the prior art throughout the specification should in no way be considered as an admission that such prior art is widely known or forms part of common general knowledge in the field.
Before two metals of specific grades are welded to one another, a preheating step is used. Pre-heating involves heating the metals to be welded to a predetermined, minimum temperature. This is done to remove any moisture and/or hydrogen from the weld area to prevent delayed hydrogen cracking and to lower the thermal gradient to reduce distortion and residual stress. Stress relieving after welding is another heat treatment which removes internal or residual stresses that may be present from the welding operation. Stress relief after welding reduces the risk of brittle fracture.
Currently, ships’ rudders are fabricated by balance welding rudder blades to a rudder stock and then stress relieving once fabrication has been completed. A rudder stock made of a Forging having a higher carbon equivalent to that used for the rudder blades. A preferred Forging rudder stock has a high carbon content which means that it requires pre-heat treatment and, after welding, for stress relieving. Sometimes, rudder blades are manufactured from a metal which is different to that used to make the rudder stock. As the metals are different, the thermal expansion rates will be different which means that it is not possible to apply stress relief to the metals whilst maintaining the resulting rudder within the required tolerance range of 6mm (+- 3mm). It can be
2019101079 19 Sep 2019
-2 very expensive to make a rudder from rudder stock and blades of the same material as a superior quality is needed for the blades compared to the stock.
It is an object of the embodiments of the present invention to overcome or ameliorate at least one of the disadvantages of the prior art, or to provide a useful alternative.
According to a first aspect of the invention there is provided a method of connecting metals having dissimilar thermal expansion rates to one another including the steps of: pre-heat treating a transition plate along with a first metal; welding the transition plate to the first metal; stress relieving the resulting weld; and welding a second metal to the transition plate.
The transition plate may be welded to the first metal by MIG or MAG welding. The second metal may be welded to the transition plate by MIG or MAG welding.
The use of transition plates means that similar or dissimilar metals can be connected to each other, with the weld undergoing pre-heat treatment and stress relief, without causing stress to the welds by different rates of thermal expansion. This maintains the resulting product within the desired tolerances as no welding needs to be carried out directly on the now stress relieved rudder stock.
In a preferred embodiment the transition plates are made of DH36 steel.
Preferably, the first metal is a forged-steel measuring 100 mm thick and which has high carbon content. The second metal may be DH36 steel or Super austenitic Avesta Sheffield 254SMO® which is a stainless steel containing 18% nickel, 20% chromium, 6.1% molybdenum, 0.2% nitrogen and 0.01% carbon. The first metal is used to make a rudder stock and the second metal is used to make a rudder blade insert. 254SMO® may be used as it has improved wear and corrosion resistance properties.
The different grades of steel of the first metal and second metal expand and contract at different rates to one another. For example, the expansion rate of Avesta Sheffield 254SMO® is double that of the high-carbon forged steel
-32019101079 19 Sep 2019 which can be used for the rudder stock. It is evident that stress relief of the conventional weld joining the blade and the stock will cause the steel components to expand at different rates. However, the present invention overcomes this problem and results in a rudder which is either not distorted or distorted within an acceptable tolerance range.
Preferably the transition plate and the second metal have comparable expansion rates.
There is no need to preheat the transition plates and rudder blades. Also, there is no need to stress relieve the weld joining the blade to the io transition plate.
The method can be applied to rudder stabilisers or steel fabrication that requires tight tolerances and metals that require stress relieving.
In a further aspect of the invention there is provided a rudder comprising a first metal welded to a transition plate, the transition plate being further welded 15 to a second metal wherein the first metal has a higher carbon content than the second metal.
According to a further aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of connecting metals having dissimilar thermal expansion rates to one another including the steps of: pre-heat treating a transition plate along with a first metal;
welding the pre-heated transition plate to the pre-heated first metal; and welding a second metal to the at least one pre-heated transition plate after stress relieving the resulting weld between the pre-heated transition plate and the pre-heated first metal; and welding a second metal to the at least one transition plate.
Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the description and the claims, the words “comprise”, “comprising”, and the like are to be construed in an inclusive sense as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense; that is to say, in the sense of “including, but not limited to”.
An embodiment of the invention will now be described by way of example only and with reference to the accompanying drawing of which:
2019101079 19 Sep 2019
-4 Figure 1 shows a view of a ship’s rudder and transition plate according to the present invention.
Turning to Figure 1 there is provided a ship’s rudder 10 comprising a rudder stock 11 made from a first metal and a rudder blade 12 made from a 5 second metal. Both the rudder stock 11 and rudder blade 12 are abutted against a transition plate 13 and welded along the length of joints 14 and 15, in accordance with the methods of the invention. For simplicity Figure 1 shows the welds at joints 14 and 15 as butt joints, however, these could be other types of joint, for example, lap joints, modified butt joints, modified lap joints or a io combination of butt and lap joints.
Variants, modifications, additions and omissions relating to the description above are possible within the ambit of the invention and will be readily apparent to the skilled addressee.

Claims (6)

1. A method of connecting metals having dissimilar thermal expansion rates to one another including the steps of: pre-heat treating a transition plate along with a first metal; welding the pre-heated transition plate to the pre-heated first metal; and welding a second metal to the at least one pre-heated transition plate after stress relieving the resulting weld between the pre-heated transition plate and the pre-heated first metal.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the first metal is a high-carbon, forged steel.
3. A method according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the second metal is DH36 steel or a stainless steel containing 18% nickel, 20% chromium, 6.1% molybdenum, 0.2% nitrogen and 0.01% carbon.
4. A method according to any preceding claim wherein the first metal is used to make a rudder stock.
5. A method according to claim 3 or claim 4 wherein the second metal is used to manufacture a rudder blade.
6. A rudder comprising a pre-heated first metal welded to a pre-heated transition plate, the pre-heated transition plate being further welded to a second metal with a lower carbon content to the pre-heated first metal and manufactured by the method of any one of the preceding claims.
AU2019101079A 2013-12-17 2019-09-19 A method of connecting metals having dissimilar thermal expansion rates to one another and a rudder manufactured by that method Expired AU2019101079A4 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2019101079A AU2019101079A4 (en) 2013-12-17 2019-09-19 A method of connecting metals having dissimilar thermal expansion rates to one another and a rudder manufactured by that method

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1322251.8 2013-12-17
EP13275320.3 2013-12-17
EP13275320.3A EP2886236A1 (en) 2013-12-17 2013-12-17 Rudder tabs
GBGB1322251.8A GB201322251D0 (en) 2013-12-17 2013-12-17 Rudder tabs
AU2014368721A AU2014368721B8 (en) 2013-12-17 2014-12-17 A method of connecting metals having dissimilar thermal expansion rates to one another and a rudder manufactured by that method
PCT/EP2014/078282 WO2015091681A1 (en) 2013-12-17 2014-12-17 Rudder tabs
AU2019101079A AU2019101079A4 (en) 2013-12-17 2019-09-19 A method of connecting metals having dissimilar thermal expansion rates to one another and a rudder manufactured by that method

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
AU2014368721A Division AU2014368721B8 (en) 2013-12-17 2014-12-17 A method of connecting metals having dissimilar thermal expansion rates to one another and a rudder manufactured by that method

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Publication Number Publication Date
AU2019101079A4 true AU2019101079A4 (en) 2019-10-31

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AU2019101079A Expired AU2019101079A4 (en) 2013-12-17 2019-09-19 A method of connecting metals having dissimilar thermal expansion rates to one another and a rudder manufactured by that method

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EP (1) EP3083122A1 (en)
AU (2) AU2014368721B8 (en)
CA (1) CA2934139C (en)
WO (1) WO2015091681A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106514096B (en) * 2016-12-09 2018-08-28 南京中船绿洲机器有限公司 A kind of auxiliary mould and method of manufacture rudder for ship

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2229405A (en) * 1939-09-14 1941-01-21 Ross Heater & Mfg Company Inc Welding method
GB706015A (en) * 1950-06-29 1954-03-24 Babcock & Wilcox Ltd Improvements in or relating to joints between austenitic steel tubes or pipes and ferritic steel tubes or other elements
US3052016A (en) * 1958-03-19 1962-09-04 Ind Fernand Courtoy Bureau Et Structure for joining by fusion-welding of ferritic steel with austenitic steel
JPS55100892A (en) * 1979-01-24 1980-08-01 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Welding method for joint of dissimilar material
US4333670A (en) * 1980-05-05 1982-06-08 General Atomic Company Stepped transition joint
JPS58148080A (en) * 1982-03-01 1983-09-03 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Joint of different materials
JP2791606B2 (en) * 1990-10-24 1998-08-27 アイシン高丘株式会社 Joining method between spheroidal graphite cast iron and stainless steel
JP2791607B2 (en) * 1990-10-24 1998-08-27 アイシン高丘株式会社 Joining method between spheroidal graphite cast iron and stainless steel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2014368721B8 (en) 2019-11-07
AU2014368721A1 (en) 2016-07-07
EP3083122A1 (en) 2016-10-26
CA2934139C (en) 2022-08-16
CA2934139A1 (en) 2015-06-25
WO2015091681A1 (en) 2015-06-25
AU2014368721B2 (en) 2019-10-24

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