CN115625446A - Welding method of chromium molybdenum steel and martensite heat-resistant steel - Google Patents
Welding method of chromium molybdenum steel and martensite heat-resistant steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN115625446A CN115625446A CN202210588324.6A CN202210588324A CN115625446A CN 115625446 A CN115625446 A CN 115625446A CN 202210588324 A CN202210588324 A CN 202210588324A CN 115625446 A CN115625446 A CN 115625446A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K31/02—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to soldering or welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
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Abstract
The invention discloses a welding method of chromium molybdenum steel and martensite heat-resistant steel, which comprises the following steps: firstly, machining parent metals of chromium molybdenum steel and martensite heat-resistant steel to be welded to form a groove; overlaying a first isolating layer at the groove of the martensite heat-resistant steel by adopting an E5515-B2-V welding material, and carrying out postweld heat treatment after overlaying of the first isolating layer is finished; removing the allowance on the surface of the machined welding layer after heat treatment; butting the first isolation layer and the chromium-molybdenum steel groove by adopting ER90S-B3 and E9018-B3 welding materials; machining and removing a root base plate; and (4) performing stress relief heat treatment on the joint, and performing radiographic inspection on the welding line after the heat treatment. The problem that the stress-relief heat treatment heat-preservation temperatures of the parent metals on the two sides are not overlapped is solved, residual stress relief and structure transformation of weld metals and heat-affected zones of the parent metals on the two sides can be realized, and indexes such as room-temperature strength, high-temperature strength, plastic toughness, durability, fatigue performance and the like of the joint of the chromium-molybdenum steel and the martensite heat-resistant steel meet the use design requirements.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of welding of nuclear power equipment, and particularly relates to a welding method of chromium-molybdenum steel and martensite heat-resistant steel.
Background
At present, for low alloy steel, chromium molybdenum steel and the like, a heat affected zone is generated when the low alloy steel, the chromium molybdenum steel and the like are subjected to welding heat circulation in a welding process, the texture of the heat affected zone can not meet the operation requirement under a high-temperature and high-pressure environment, stress relief heat treatment is required in the welding process, the conventional welding method can realize the welding of materials such as the low alloy steel, the chromium molybdenum steel and the like, or the welding of dissimilar steel with overlapped regions of stress relief heat treatment heat preservation temperatures of base metals on two sides of a welded junction, the heat preservation temperature ranges of the stress relief heat treatment of the base metals on the two sides are not overlapped, for example, the butt joint of F22 chromium molybdenum steel and F91 martensite heat-resistant steel with higher high-temperature strength and plastic toughness requirements on a welded joint, and the long-time operation requirement under the high-temperature and high-pressure environment in nuclear power equipment can not be met after the conventional welding technology is adopted.
Therefore, a new technology is needed to solve the problem that the chromium molybdenum steel and the martensite heat-resistant steel cannot meet the requirement of long-time operation in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment after being welded in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a welding method of chromium molybdenum steel and martensite heat-resistant steel, and the chromium molybdenum steel and the martensite heat-resistant steel can run for a long time in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment after being welded.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a welding method of chromium molybdenum steel and martensite heat-resistant steel comprises the following steps:
s1, machining parent materials of chromium-molybdenum steel and martensite heat-resistant steel to be welded to form a groove;
s2, overlaying a first isolation layer at the groove of the martensite heat-resistant steel by adopting an E5515-B2-V welding material, and carrying out postweld heat treatment after overlaying of the first isolation layer is finished;
s3, removing the allowance of the surface of the mechanically welded layer after heat treatment;
s4, adopting butt joint materials to butt joint between the first isolating layer and the chromium-molybdenum steel groove, wherein the butt joint materials comprise ER90S-B3 and E9018-B3;
s5, machining and removing a root base plate;
s6, performing stress relief heat treatment on the joint, and performing radiographic inspection on the welding seam after the heat treatment.
The method is characterized in that base materials at a welding joint are usually matched during welding, for F22 chromium-molybdenum steel materials, the matched welding materials are B3 welding materials such as ER90S-B3 and E9018-B3, the first isolating layer is formed by overlaying an E5515-B2-V welding material different from the B3 welding material, and the welding materials are subjected to chemical and mechanical property detection such as component analysis, chemical tests, tensile tests, impact tests and the like through a large number of material selection tests. After the other welding materials such as E9018-B3, E9018-G and the like are subjected to two different heat treatments, the performance is reduced and unstable, and the performance of E5515-B2-V can meet the technical requirements, and the stability is high, so that the welding material is selected as the surfacing layer.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme of the invention, in the step S1, the chromium molybdenum steel is F22, and the model is 2.25Cr1Mo.
As a further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention, in step S1, the martensitic heat-resistant steel is F91.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, in the step S2, before the postweld heat treatment, the temperature of the welded martensitic heat-resistant steel is reduced to 80-100 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 1-2 h;
the heat preservation temperature of the postweld heat treatment is 740-760 ℃, and the heat preservation is carried out for 0.5-1 h at the temperature.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme of the invention, in the step S2, the surfacing thickness D of the first isolating layer is more than or equal to 10mm, and the surfacing mode of the first isolating layer adopts arc welding;
the preheating temperature of the first isolating layer for surfacing is 200-300 ℃, the post-heating temperature is 300-350 ℃, the current in the process of surfacing the first isolating layer is 140A-200A, the voltage is 22V-32V, and the welding speed is more than or equal to 20.53cm/min.
The current in the process of overlaying the first isolating layer is 140A-200A, the voltage is 22V-32V, the welding speed is not less than 20.53cm/min, protective gas is not used in the process of overlaying the first isolating layer, the welding parameters of the E5515-B2-V welding material are determined through results of a welding test, a nondestructive inspection and a mechanical property test, and the final parameter range is determined by adjusting parameters matched with different current and voltages, a preheating temperature range and the like according to the requirements of the mechanical property.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme of the invention, in step S3, the nondestructive inspection is carried out after machining, and step S4 is carried out after the qualification is confirmed.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme of the invention, in the step S4, the ER90S-B3 welding material is used as a backing welding material, and the E9018-B3 welding material is used as a filling welding material.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme of the invention, the welding mode of the ER90S-B3 welding material is argon arc welding, and the welding mode of the E9018-B3 welding material is arc welding.
The welding parameters of the ER90S-B3 welding material and the E9018-B3 welding material are determined through results of a welding test, a nondestructive inspection and a mechanical property test, and a final parameter range is determined by adjusting parameters matched with different current and voltage, a preheating temperature range and the like according to requirements of mechanical properties.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme of the invention, in step S5, the nondestructive inspection is carried out after machining, and step S6 is carried out after the qualification is confirmed.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme of the invention, the temperature of the stress relief heat treatment in the step S6 is 675-705 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
E5515-B2-V welding materials are adopted as the first isolation layer to be overlaid and welded on the martensite heat-resistant steel slope, ER90S-B3 and E9018-B3 welding materials are adopted as butt joint materials of the overlaid and welded isolation layer and the chromium-molybdenum steel parent metal at the martensite heat-resistant steel parent metal slope after overlaying and welding of the first isolation layer, the problem that stress relief heat treatment and heat preservation temperatures of the parent metals on two sides are not overlapped is solved, residual stress relief and structure transformation of weld metal and parent metal heat affected zones on two sides can be achieved through the stress relief heat treatment process method, and the indexes of room-temperature strength, high-temperature strength, plastic toughness, durability, fatigue performance and the like of a joint of martensite heat-resistant steel and chromium-molybdenum steel meet the use design requirements of nuclear power equipment.
Drawings
The technology of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description below:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure;
FIG. 2 is a structural section view of a first isolating layer of martensite refractory steel groove surfacing.
Reference numerals:
1-chromium molybdenum steel;
2-martensitic heat resistant steel;
3-a first isolation layer;
4-a docking material;
5-back gouging.
Detailed Description
The conception, the specific structure and the technical effects of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the embodiments and the accompanying drawings to fully understand the objects, the schemes and the effects of the present invention. It should be noted that, in the present application, the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts.
It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, when a feature is referred to as being "fixed" or "connected" to another feature, it can be directly fixed or connected to the other feature or indirectly fixed or connected to the other feature. Further, the description of the upper, lower, left, right, etc. used in the present invention is only with respect to the positional relationship of the respective components of the present invention with respect to each other in the drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a method for welding chromium molybdenum steel and martensitic heat-resistant steel includes the steps of:
s1, machining parent metals of chromium-molybdenum steel 1 and martensite heat-resistant steel 2 to be welded to form a groove, wherein the chromium-molybdenum steel 1 is American standard F22, the F22 is a chromium-molybdenum steel 1 forging made of 2.25Cr1Mo, and the main mark is SA-336Gr.F22 Cl.1. The martensite heat-resistant steel 2 is American standard F91, and the main mark is SA-182M F91.
S2, overlaying the first isolation layer 3 at the groove of the martensite heat-resistant steel 2 by adopting an E5515-B2-V welding material, wherein the overlaying mode of the first isolation layer 3 adopts arc welding, namely overlaying welding is carried out at a flat welding position by adopting shielded arc welding, the preheating temperature of the overlaying first isolation layer 3 is 200-300 ℃, the post-heating temperature is 300-350 ℃, the current in the process of overlaying the first isolation layer 3 is 140-200A, the voltage is 22-32V, the welding speed is not less than 20.53cm/min, no protective gas is needed in the process of overlaying the first isolation layer 3, the overlaying thickness D of the first isolation layer 3 is not less than 10mm, and the chemical composition of the E5515-B2-V cladding metal used by the first isolation layer 3 needs to be controlled more rigorously, the E5515-B2-V welding material comprises 0.05-0.12% of C, can improve the strength, plasticity and toughness of a welding joint by controlling the C content within the range, can improve the corrosion resistance and strength of the welding joint by controlling the Mn content to be not more than 0.90%, the P content to be not more than 0.020%, the S content to be not more than 0.010%, the Si content to be not more than 0.60% and the Cr content to be 0.80-1.5%, and can meet specific use requirements of high temperature and the like by using the Mo content to be 0.40-0.65% and the V content to be 0.10-0.35%, and is used as a first isolating layer 3 of a welding groove of an F91 material, wherein the tensile load is not less than 98MPa at the temperature of 600 ℃, and the high strength is kept within the time range of 100 hours without fracture. After surfacing of the first isolation layer 3 is finished, postweld heat treatment is carried out, the welded F91 material and the first isolation layer 3 are subjected to postweld heat treatment together, before the postweld heat treatment, the welded martensite heat-resistant steel 2 is naturally cooled to T1, the T1 is 80-100 ℃, the temperature is kept at the T1 for 1-2 h, then the temperature is raised to T2, the T2 is 740-760 ℃, the temperature rise rate is not more than 55 ℃/h in the temperature rise process of raising the temperature from T1 to T2, namely the temperature keeping temperature T2 of the postweld heat treatment is 740-760 ℃, the temperature keeping time of the T2 is 0.5-1 h, E5515-B2-V welding material is used as the isolation layer of the first isolation layer 3 at the slope of the martensite heat-resistant steel 2, and the problem that the parent metal stress eliminating heat treatment temperature on the two sides are not overlapped is solved.
The welding parameters of the E5515-B2-V welding material are determined through results of welding tests, nondestructive testing and mechanical property tests, and final parameter ranges are determined by adjusting parameters matched with different current and voltage, preheating temperature ranges and the like according to the requirements of the mechanical property. The method is characterized in that base materials at a welding joint are usually matched during welding, for an F22 chromium-molybdenum steel 1 material, the matched welding materials are B3 welding materials such as ER90S-B3 and E9018-B3, the first isolating layer 3 is formed by overlaying an E5515-B2-V welding material different from the B3 welding material, and the welding materials are subjected to chemical and mechanical property detection such as component analysis, chemical tests, tensile tests, impact tests and the like through a large number of material selection tests. After the other welding materials such as E9018-B3, E9018-G and the like are subjected to two different heat treatments, the performance is reduced and unstable, and the performance of the E5515-B2-V welding material can meet the technical requirements and is high in stability, so that the E5515-B2-V welding material is selected as the first isolating layer 3.
And S3, removing allowance on the surface of the mechanically welded layer after heat treatment, performing nondestructive flaw detection after mechanical treatment if the allowance is left on the inner wall and the outer wall, and performing S4 after the flaw detection is qualified.
S4, after the nondestructive inspection is qualified, butting ER90S-B3 and E9018-B3 welding materials between the first isolation layer 3 and the groove of the chrome-molybdenum steel 1, wherein the ER90S-B3 welding material is used as a backing welding material, the welding mode of using the ER90S-B3 welding material as the backing welding material is manual argon arc welding, the ER90S-B3 welding material is preheated before being used as the backing welding material, the preheating temperature is 200-300 ℃, the post-heating temperature is 250-400 ℃, the current is 80A-200A, the voltage is 10V-20V, the welding speed is not less than 8.54cm/min, and the protective gas during welding the ER90S-B3 backing welding material is high-purity argon with the gas flow rate of 7L/mm-20L/mm. The E9018-B3 welding material is a filling welding material, the diameter of the E9018-B3 welding material can be preferably 1.6mm, the welding mode of the E9018-B3 welding material is shielded metal arc welding, the E9018-B3 welding material is used as a backing welding material and needs to be preheated before being welded, the preheating temperature is 200-300 ℃, the post-heating temperature is 250-400 ℃, the current is 100A-160A when the E9018-B3 welding material with the diameter of 3.2mm is used for welding, the voltage is 22V-32V, and the welding speed is more than or equal to 9.81cm/min; the welding current of the E9018-B3 welding material with the diameter of 4.0mm is 140A-200A, the voltage is 22V-32V, the welding speed is more than or equal to 12.27cm/min, and no protective gas is used when the E9018-B3 welding material is used as the backing welding material for welding. Preheating is needed before butt welding is carried out on ER90S-B3 and E9018-B3 welding materials, the preheating temperature is 200-300 ℃, after-heating is needed to prevent quenching after the butt welding is finished so as to eliminate thermal stress generated by welding, the after-heating temperature is 250-400 ℃, and the after-heating time is 2 hours.
ER90S-B3 and E9018-B3 welding materials are adopted to be butted between the first isolating layer 3 and the groove of the chrome-molybdenum steel 1, the ER90S-B3 welding materials are used as backing welding materials, the E9018-B3 welding materials are filling welding materials, welding parameters of the ER90S-B3 welding materials and the E9018-B3 welding materials are determined through results of welding tests, nondestructive testing and mechanical property tests, and according to requirements of mechanical properties, final parameter ranges are determined by adjusting parameters matched with different current and voltage, preheating temperature ranges and the like.
S5, setting the position of the specific back gouging line 5 according to the actual welding condition, machining and removing a root base plate according to the back gouging line 5, carrying out nondestructive flaw detection after machining treatment, and carrying out S6 after flaw detection is qualified.
S6, after the nondestructive inspection is qualified, performing stress relief heat treatment on the joint, wherein the heat treatment temperature T3 is 675-705 ℃, namely, raising the temperature to T3, preserving the heat for 0.5-1 h at the temperature T3, and performing radiographic inspection on the welded joint after the heat treatment. The stress-relief heat treatment process method can realize residual stress relief and structure transformation of weld metal and base metal heat affected zones on two sides, so that indexes such as room temperature strength, high temperature strength, plastic toughness, durability, fatigue performance and the like of F22 and F91 dissimilar steel joints can meet use design requirements.
Example 1
By adopting the welding method of the chromium molybdenum steel 1 and the martensite heat-resistant steel 2, the nozzle of the steam generator equipment in a certain project needs to be welded with the main steam pipeline.
When a steam generator equipment nozzle needs to be welded with a main steam pipeline, stress relief heat treatment needs to be carried out on a welded junction fusion-coated metal and a heat affected zone of parent metals on two sides according to design requirements and material characteristics so as to improve the metallographic structure and performance of a welded joint and the heat affected zone, because the parent metals on two sides of the welded junction are respectively chromium molybdenum steel 1 and martensite heat-resistant steel 2, the stress relief heat treatment heat preservation temperature after the parent metals on two sides are welded and connected does not have an overlapping area, if the heat treatment heat preservation temperature suitable for the chromium molybdenum steel 1 is adopted, the parent metal, the heat affected zone and the fusion zone on one side of the martensite heat-resistant steel 2 cannot achieve the effect of high-temperature tempering, the metallographic structure on the side cannot be improved, the mechanical properties such as plasticity and toughness of the welded joint cannot be improved, the hardness on the side cannot be effectively reduced, and the defects such as cracks can be easily generated in the operation process of the welded joint. And the adoption of the heat treatment heat preservation temperature of the parent metal on the martensite heat-resistant steel 2 side can cause the parent metal of the chromium-molybdenum steel 1 to have austenite transformation, overlarge tissue crystal grains after cooling and large carbide aggregation, thereby greatly reducing the mechanical properties and hardness of the parent metal on the side, a heat affected zone and the like, and being incapable of meeting the operation requirements of a steam generator of a certain fourth-generation nuclear power main equipment. Therefore, direct welding cannot be realized, and the material of the first isolation layer 3 generally adopted in the current process can solve the problem that the heat preservation temperatures of the parent metal stress relief heat treatment on the two sides of the weld seam are not overlapped, but can not better realize the residual stress relief and the structure transformation of the weld metal and the heat affected zone of the parent metal on the two sides, and can not improve the room temperature strength, the high temperature strength, the plastic toughness, the durability, the fatigue performance and the like of the joint of the chrome-molybdenum steel 1 and the martensite heat-resistant steel 2.
Because the base metals on two sides of the welding joint are F22 and F91, the stress relief heat treatment heat preservation temperature of the base metals on the two sides does not have an overlapping area, the design temperature of the main steam nozzle is as high as 530 ℃, the design pressure is 17MPa, the test pressure is 23.85MPa, and the welding joint has higher high-temperature strength and plastic toughness requirements.
The welding method of the chromium-molybdenum steel 1 and the martensite heat-resistant steel 2 is adopted to successfully realize that the dissimilar steel of the F22 material and the F91 material of the pressure-bearing part of 16 sets of steam generators of the nuclear power main equipment can be welded, the high-temperature and room-temperature strength, the impact power, the surface back bending, the hardness, the Charpy transition curve and the microcosmic phase of weld metal, a heat affected zone and the like all meet the use and design requirements, and after the welding method of the scheme is adopted for welding, the 530 ℃ high-temperature tensile strength of the joint and weld cladding metal is more than or equal to 346MPa, the 515 ℃ high-temperature tensile strength is more than or equal to 355MPa, the 450 ℃ high-temperature tensile strength is more than or equal to 365MPa, the 25 ℃ impact absorption energy of the F91 side heat affected zone is more than or equal to 54J, the F91/F22 heat affected zone and the cladding metal-20 ℃ impact absorption energy 68J, the RTNDT is more than or equal to-20 ℃, the average fracture stress of 3000h durability is more than or equal to 142MPa, and the 10000h average fracture stress is more than or equal to 124MPa at the test temperature of 530 ℃.
Other contents of the welding method of the chromium molybdenum steel and the martensite heat-resistant steel are referred to in the prior art and are not repeated herein.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, so that any modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, unless the technical spirit of the present invention departs from the content of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A welding method of chromium molybdenum steel and martensite heat-resistant steel is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, machining parent materials of chromium-molybdenum steel and martensite heat-resistant steel to be welded to form a groove;
s2, overlaying a first isolation layer at the groove of the martensite heat-resistant steel by adopting an E5515-B2-V welding material, and carrying out postweld heat treatment after overlaying of the first isolation layer is finished;
s3, removing the allowance of the surface of the mechanically welded layer after heat treatment;
s4, adopting butt joint materials to butt joint between the first isolating layer and the chromium-molybdenum steel groove, wherein the butt joint materials comprise ER90S-B3 and E9018-B3;
s5, machining and removing a root base plate;
s6, performing stress relief heat treatment on the joint, and performing radiographic inspection on the welding seam after the heat treatment.
2. The method of welding chromium molybdenum steel to martensitic heat resistant steel as claimed in claim 1 wherein: in the step S1, the chromium-molybdenum steel is F22, and the main mark is SA-336Gr.F22 Cl.1.
3. The method of welding chromium molybdenum steel to martensitic heat resistant steel as claimed in claim 1 wherein: in step S1, the martensite heat-resistant steel is F91, and the main mark is SA-182M F91.
4. The method of welding chromium molybdenum steel to martensitic heat resistant steel as claimed in claim 1 wherein: in the step S2, before postweld heat treatment, the temperature of the welded martensite heat-resistant steel is reduced to 80-100 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 1-2 h;
the heat preservation temperature of the postweld heat treatment is 740-760 ℃, and the heat preservation is carried out for 0.5-1 h at the temperature.
5. The method of welding chromium molybdenum steel to martensitic heat resistant steel as claimed in claim 1 wherein: in the step S2, the surfacing thickness D of the first isolating layer is more than or equal to 10mm, and the surfacing mode of the first isolating layer adopts arc welding;
the preheating temperature of the surfacing first isolating layer is 200-300 ℃, the afterheating temperature is 300-350 ℃, the current in the surfacing first isolating layer process is 140-200A, the voltage is 22-32V, and the welding speed is more than or equal to 20.53cm/min.
6. The method of welding chromium molybdenum steel and martensitic heat-resistant steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and in the step S3, performing nondestructive inspection after machining, and performing the step S4 after the qualification is confirmed.
7. The method of welding chromium molybdenum steel to martensitic heat resistant steel as claimed in claim 1 wherein: in the step S4, the ER90S-B3 welding material is used as a backing welding material, and the E9018-B3 welding material is a filling welding material.
8. The method of welding chromium molybdenum steel to martensitic heat resistant steel as claimed in claim 7 wherein: the welding mode of the ER90S-B3 welding material is argon arc welding, and the welding mode of the E9018-B3 welding material is arc welding.
9. The method of welding chromium molybdenum steel to martensitic heat resistant steel as claimed in claim 1 wherein: and in the step S5, performing nondestructive inspection after machining, and performing the step S6 after the qualification is confirmed.
10. The method of welding chromium molybdenum steel to martensitic heat resistant steel as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the stress relief heat treatment temperature in the step S6 is 675-705 ℃.
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| CN202210588324.6A CN115625446A (en) | 2022-05-27 | 2022-05-27 | Welding method of chromium molybdenum steel and martensite heat-resistant steel |
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| CN202210588324.6A CN115625446A (en) | 2022-05-27 | 2022-05-27 | Welding method of chromium molybdenum steel and martensite heat-resistant steel |
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