AU2014368721B8 - A method of connecting metals having dissimilar thermal expansion rates to one another and a rudder manufactured by that method - Google Patents

A method of connecting metals having dissimilar thermal expansion rates to one another and a rudder manufactured by that method Download PDF

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Publication number
AU2014368721B8
AU2014368721B8 AU2014368721A AU2014368721A AU2014368721B8 AU 2014368721 B8 AU2014368721 B8 AU 2014368721B8 AU 2014368721 A AU2014368721 A AU 2014368721A AU 2014368721 A AU2014368721 A AU 2014368721A AU 2014368721 B8 AU2014368721 B8 AU 2014368721B8
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Prior art keywords
rudder
transition plate
heated
metal
stock
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AU2014368721A
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AU2014368721A1 (en
AU2014368721B2 (en
Inventor
Malcolm SEWARD
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BAE Systems PLC
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BAE Systems PLC
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Publication date
Priority claimed from EP13275320.3A external-priority patent/EP2886236A1/en
Priority claimed from GBGB1322251.8A external-priority patent/GB201322251D0/en
Application filed by BAE Systems PLC filed Critical BAE Systems PLC
Publication of AU2014368721A1 publication Critical patent/AU2014368721A1/en
Priority to AU2019101079A priority Critical patent/AU2019101079A4/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of AU2014368721B2 publication Critical patent/AU2014368721B2/en
Publication of AU2014368721B8 publication Critical patent/AU2014368721B8/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/23—Arc welding or cutting taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
    • B23K9/232—Arc welding or cutting taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded of different metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/001—Interlayers, transition pieces for metallurgical bonding of workpieces
    • B23K35/004—Interlayers, transition pieces for metallurgical bonding of workpieces at least one of the workpieces being of a metal of the iron group
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
    • B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/3053—Fe as the principal constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/3053—Fe as the principal constituent
    • B23K35/3066—Fe as the principal constituent with Ni as next major constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/3053—Fe as the principal constituent
    • B23K35/308—Fe as the principal constituent with Cr as next major constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/3053—Fe as the principal constituent
    • B23K35/308—Fe as the principal constituent with Cr as next major constituent
    • B23K35/3086—Fe as the principal constituent with Cr as next major constituent containing Ni or Mn
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/38—Selection of media, e.g. special atmospheres for surrounding the working area
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/0026—Arc welding or cutting specially adapted for particular articles or work
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/50—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for welded joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
    • B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
    • B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
    • B23K2103/05—Stainless steel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2251/00—Treating composite or clad material

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)
  • Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method of connecting metals together and articles produced thereof and more specifically to connecting metals together to construct the ships rudder wherein the metals have dissimilar thermal expansion rates to one another including the steps of: pre-heat treating a transition plate along with a first metal; welding the transition plate to the first metal; stress relieving the resulting weld; and welding a second metal to the at least one transition plate.

Description

A METHOD OF CONNECTING METALS HAVING DISSIMILAR THERMAL EXPANSION RATES TO ONE ANOTHER AND A RUDDER MANUFACTURED BY THAT METHOD
This invention relates to a method of connecting metals having dissimilar thermal expansion rates to one another and a rudder manufactured by that method.
The embodiment of the invention described below has been specifically developed for connecting metals together and articles produced thereof and more specifically to connecting them to construct a ship’s rudder.
Any discussion of the prior art throughout the specification should in no way be considered as an admission that such prior art is widely known or forms part of common general knowledge in the field.
Before two metals of specific grades are welded to one another, a preheating step is used. Pre-heating involves heating the metals to be welded to a predetermined, minimum temperature. This is done to remove any moisture and/or hydrogen from the weld area to prevent delayed hydrogen cracking and to lower the thermal gradient to reduce distortion and residual stress. Stress relieving after welding is another heat treatment which removes internal or residual stresses that may be present from the welding operation. Stress relief after welding reduces the risk of brittle fracture.
Currently, ships’ rudders are fabricated by balance welding rudder blades to a rudder stock and then stress relieving once fabrication has been completed. A rudder stock made of a Forging having a higher carbon equivalent to that used for the rudder blades. A preferred Forging rudder stock has a high carbon content which means that it requires pre-heat treatment and, after welding, for stress relieving. Sometimes, rudder blades are manufactured from a metal which is different to that used to make the rudder stock. As the metals are different, the thermal expansion rates will be different which means that it is not possible to apply stress relief to the metals whilst maintaining the resulting rudder within the required tolerance range of 6mm (+- 3mm). It can be
2014368721 20 Sep 2019
-2 very expensive to make a rudder from rudder stock and blades of the same material as a superior quality is needed for the blades compared to the stock.
It is an object of the embodiments of the present invention to overcome or ameliorate at least one of the disadvantages of the prior art, or to provide a useful alternative.
According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a rudder comprising a rudder stock and a rudder blade, the rudder stock and the rudder blade comprising metals having dissimilar thermal expansion rates to one another, including the step of: connecting the rudder stock to the rudder blade using a single transition plate, wherein the connecting step further includes pre-heat treating the single transition plate along with the rudder stock; welding the pre-heated single transition plate to the pre-heated rudder stock; and welding the rudder blade to the pre-heated single transition plate after stress relieving the resulting weld between the pre-heated single transition plate and the pre-heated rudder stock.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a rudder comprising a pre-heated metal rudder stock welded to a single pre-heated transition plate, the single pre-heated transition plate being further welded to a rudder blade with a lower carbon content to the pre-heated rudder stock and manufactured by the method of the first aspect.
Preferably, the metal of the rudder stock is a high-carbon, forged steel.
Preferably, the metalof the rudder blade is DH36 steel or a stainless steel containing 18% nickel, 20% chromium, 6.1% molybdenum, 0.2% nitrogen and 0.01% carbon.
There is also described a method of connecting metals having dissimilar thermal expansion rates to one another including the steps of: pre-heat treating a transition plate along with a first metal; welding the transition plate to the first metal; stress relieving the resulting weld; and welding a second metal to the transition plate.
-32014368721 20 Sep 2019
The transition plate may be welded to the first metal by MIG or MAG welding. The second metal may be welded to the transition plate by MIG or MAG welding.
The use of transition plates means that similar or dissimilar metals can be connected to each other, with the weld undergoing pre-heat treatment and stress relief, without causing stress to the welds by different rates of thermal expansion. This maintains the resulting product within the desired tolerances as no welding needs to be carried out directly on the now stress relieved rudder stock.
io In a preferred embodiment the transition plates are made of DH36 steel.
Preferably, the first metal is a forged-steel measuring 100 mm thick and which has high carbon content. The second metal may be DH36 steel or Super austenitic Avesta Sheffield 254SMO® which is a stainless steel containing 18% nickel, 20% chromium, 6.1% molybdenum, 0.2% nitrogen and 0.01% carbon.
The first metal may be used to make a rudder stock and the second metal may be used to make a rudder blade insert. 254SMO® may be used as it has improved wear and corrosion resistance properties.
The different grades of steel of the first metal and second metal expand and contract at different rates to one another. For example, the expansion rate 20 of Avesta Sheffield 254SMO® is double that of the high-carbon forged steel which can be used for the rudder stock. It is evident that stress relief of the conventional weld joining the blade and the stock will cause the steel components to expand at different rates. However, the present invention overcomes this problem in its preferred embodiment and results in a rudder 25 which is either not distorted or distorted within an acceptable tolerance range.
Preferably the transition plate and the second metal have comparable expansion rates.
There is no need to preheat the transition plates and rudder blades. Also, there is no need to stress relieve the weld joining the blade to the 30 transition plate.
2014368721 20 Sep 2019
-4 The method can be applied to rudder stabilisers or steel fabrication that requires tight tolerances and metals that require stress relieving.
Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the description and the claims, the words “comprise”, “comprising”, and the like are to be construed in an inclusive sense as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense; that is to say, in the sense of “including, but not limited to”.
An embodiment of the invention will now be described by way of example only and with reference to the accompanying drawing of which:
Figure 1 shows a view of a ship’s rudder and transition plate according to the present invention.
Turning to Figure 1 there is provided a ship’s rudder 10 comprising a rudder stock 11 made from a first metal and a rudder blade 12 made from a second metal. Both the rudder stock 11 and rudder blade 12 are abutted against a transition plate 13 and welded along the length of joints 14 and 15, in accordance with the methods of the invention. For simplicity Figure 1 shows the welds at joints 14 and 15 as butt joints, however, these could be other types of joint, for example, lap joints, modified butt joints, modified lap joints or a combination of butt and lap joints.
Variants, modifications, additions and omissions relating to the description above are possible within the ambit of the invention and will be readily apparent to the skilled addressee.

Claims (4)

1. A method of manufacturing a rudder comprising a rudder stock and a rudder blade, the rudder stock and the rudder blade comprising metals having dissimilar thermal expansion rates to one another, including the step of: connecting the rudder stock to the rudder blade using a single transition plate, wherein the connecting step further includes pre-heat treating the single transition plate along with the rudder stock; welding the pre-heated single transition plate to the pre-heated rudder stock; and welding the rudder blade to the pre-heated single transition plate after stress relieving the resulting weld between the pre-heated single transition plate and the preheated rudder stock.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the metal of the rudder stock is a high-carbon, forged steel.
3. A method according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the metal of the rudder blade is DH36 steel or a stainless steel containing 18% nickel, 20% chromium, 6.1% molybdenum, 0.2% nitrogen and 0.01% carbon.
4. A rudder comprising a pre-heated metal rudder stock welded to a single preheated transition plate, the single pre-heated transition plate being further welded to a rudder blade with a lower carbon content to the pre-heated rudder stock and manufactured by the method of any one of the preceding claims.
AU2014368721A 2013-12-17 2014-12-17 A method of connecting metals having dissimilar thermal expansion rates to one another and a rudder manufactured by that method Active AU2014368721B8 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2019101079A AU2019101079A4 (en) 2013-12-17 2019-09-19 A method of connecting metals having dissimilar thermal expansion rates to one another and a rudder manufactured by that method

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1322251.8 2013-12-17
EP13275320.3 2013-12-17
EP13275320.3A EP2886236A1 (en) 2013-12-17 2013-12-17 Rudder tabs
GBGB1322251.8A GB201322251D0 (en) 2013-12-17 2013-12-17 Rudder tabs
PCT/EP2014/078282 WO2015091681A1 (en) 2013-12-17 2014-12-17 Rudder tabs

Related Child Applications (1)

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AU2019101079A Division AU2019101079A4 (en) 2013-12-17 2019-09-19 A method of connecting metals having dissimilar thermal expansion rates to one another and a rudder manufactured by that method

Publications (3)

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AU2014368721A1 AU2014368721A1 (en) 2016-07-07
AU2014368721B2 AU2014368721B2 (en) 2019-10-24
AU2014368721B8 true AU2014368721B8 (en) 2019-11-07

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AU2019101079A Expired AU2019101079A4 (en) 2013-12-17 2019-09-19 A method of connecting metals having dissimilar thermal expansion rates to one another and a rudder manufactured by that method

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EP (1) EP3083122A1 (en)
AU (2) AU2014368721B8 (en)
CA (1) CA2934139C (en)
WO (1) WO2015091681A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106514096B (en) * 2016-12-09 2018-08-28 南京中船绿洲机器有限公司 A kind of auxiliary mould and method of manufacture rudder for ship

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2229405A (en) * 1939-09-14 1941-01-21 Ross Heater & Mfg Company Inc Welding method
GB706015A (en) * 1950-06-29 1954-03-24 Babcock & Wilcox Ltd Improvements in or relating to joints between austenitic steel tubes or pipes and ferritic steel tubes or other elements
GB2075397A (en) * 1980-05-05 1981-11-18 Gen Atomic Co Transition piece forjoining together tubular pieces

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3052016A (en) * 1958-03-19 1962-09-04 Ind Fernand Courtoy Bureau Et Structure for joining by fusion-welding of ferritic steel with austenitic steel
JPS55100892A (en) * 1979-01-24 1980-08-01 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Welding method for joint of dissimilar material
JPS58148080A (en) * 1982-03-01 1983-09-03 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Joint of different materials
JP2791606B2 (en) * 1990-10-24 1998-08-27 アイシン高丘株式会社 Joining method between spheroidal graphite cast iron and stainless steel
JP2791607B2 (en) * 1990-10-24 1998-08-27 アイシン高丘株式会社 Joining method between spheroidal graphite cast iron and stainless steel

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2229405A (en) * 1939-09-14 1941-01-21 Ross Heater & Mfg Company Inc Welding method
GB706015A (en) * 1950-06-29 1954-03-24 Babcock & Wilcox Ltd Improvements in or relating to joints between austenitic steel tubes or pipes and ferritic steel tubes or other elements
GB2075397A (en) * 1980-05-05 1981-11-18 Gen Atomic Co Transition piece forjoining together tubular pieces

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2019101079A4 (en) 2019-10-31
AU2014368721A1 (en) 2016-07-07
EP3083122A1 (en) 2016-10-26
CA2934139C (en) 2022-08-16
CA2934139A1 (en) 2015-06-25
WO2015091681A1 (en) 2015-06-25
AU2014368721B2 (en) 2019-10-24

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Free format text: IN VOL 33 , NO 41 , PAGE(S) 5823 UNDER THE HEADING APPLICATIONS ACCEPTED - NAME INDEX UNDER THE NAME BAE SYSTEMS PLC, APPLICATION NO.2014368721, UNDER INID (54) CORRECT THE TITLE TO READ A METHOD OF CONNECTING METALS HAVING DISSIMILAR THERMAL EXPANSION RATES TO ONE ANOTHER AND A RUDDER MANUFACTURED BY THAT METHOD

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