AU2018332058B2

AU2018332058B2 - Irrigation system

Info

Publication number: AU2018332058B2
Application number: AU2018332058A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Sayyed Ahmad FANI YAZDI; Axel Schulze
Original assignee: Hugo Petersen GmbH
Current assignee: Hugo Petersen GmbH
Priority date: 2017-09-14
Filing date: 2018-09-14
Publication date: 2022-08-11
Anticipated expiration: 2038-09-14
Also published as: WO2019053197A1; KR102598750B1; PE20201273A1; BR112020004491A2; DE202017105557U1; KR20200053574A; MA50237A; EP3681613A1; CL2020000660A1; MX2020002893A; AU2018332058A1

Abstract

The aim of the invention is to develop the possibility of distributing a liquid over packed-tower packing, which distribution minimises the occurring drop formation using simple means. This aim is achieved, according to the invention, by means of an irrigation system (10) comprising at least one apparatus (1) for distributing a stream of fluid over a width B, said apparatus comprising at least one device (2) for supplying the fluid, at least one distribution arm (3) having at least one first chamber (31) and at least one second chamber (32), which is arranged downstream of the first chamber (31) in the flow direction S of the fluid, a perforated plate (4) being arranged between the first and the second chamber, and the second chamber (32) comprising an outlet wall (34), there being at least one, preferably a plurality of, outlet slots (5) in the outlet wall (34), and the apparatus (1) comprising a guide surface (6) which, during operation, is struck by fluid that is exiting the outlet slots (5) and that is poured out of the distributor arm (3).

Description

Sprinkling System

The invention relates to a device for distributing the liquid over a packing in a gas-liquid-contact apparatus as "falling film distributor" in such a way that no primary pressure exists when the liquid exits from the distributor, which, in turn, minimizes the drop formation of the liquid very strongly or eliminates it completely, respectively.

In the industrial fluid distribution on packing packs, the liquid is distributed on the packing of a packing bed by means of a device. The liquid can thereby contain dissolved and/or dispersed gas or gas compositions, respectively. The liquid can additionally or alternatively contain at least one further dissolved and/or dispersed liquid and/or at least one dissolved and/or dispersed solid material. The term "fluid" will also be used hereinafter for liquids or material systems of this type, respectively. A fluid of this type is, for example, sulfuric acid. Sulfuric acid plants are a main application area for this invention.

In front of the exit for the liquid from the device, these devices for distributing the fluid have a primary liquid pressure, which increases the speed of the acid, which causes a drop formation and stresses the filter, which is connected downstream, due to the introduced drops, which are created as a result of the tear-off of the drops. In a sulfuric acid contact plant, the entrained fine drops can overload the filter systems, which are connected downstream, and can cause significant corrosion.

It is an object of the invention to address at least one shortcoming of the prior art and/or provide a useful alternative.

In one aspect of the invention there is provided a sprinkling system, in particular for packing packs, comprising at least one distributing-device for distributing a fluid stream to a width B with at least one supplying device for supplying the fluid, at least one distributor arm comprising at least one first chamber and at least one second chamber, which is arranged downstream from the first chamber in the direction of flow S of the fluid, wherein a perforated plate is arranged between the first and the second chamber, and wherein the second chamber comprises an exit wall, wherein at least one, preferably a plurality of exit slots, are present in the exit wall, and wherein the distributing-device comprises a guide surface, onto which fluid, which exits from the exit slots during operation, impinges and is poured out of the distributor arm, wherein the distributor arm has a lid, which delimits the first chamber to the top, and a bottom, which delimits the first chamber to the bottom and which is simultaneously the lid of the second chamber, which delimits the latter to the top, wherein the first chamber and the second chamber are delimited jointly on one side by means of a side wall, which extends from the lid of the first chamber to a bottom of the second chamber, wherein viewed in the direction of flow S of the fluid flowing in through the supplying-device, the distributor arm has a region located opposite to the supplying-device, which does not comprise any holes, wherein the region is an integral part of the bottom of the first chamber.

In one or more embodiments, the invention provides a device for distributing the liquid on the packing pack, which using simple means minimizes or, to an extent as large as possible, eliminates the resulting drop formation, respectively.

Disclosed herein is a sprinkling system in particular for packing packs, comprising at least one device for distributing a fluid stream to a respective width, with at least one device for supplying the fluid, at least one distributor arm comprising a first chamber and a second chamber, which is arranged downstream from the first chamber in the direction of flow of the fluid, wherein a perforated plate 4 is arranged between the first and the second chamber, and wherein the second chamber has an exit wall, wherein at least one exit slot, preferably a plurality of exit slots, are present in the exit wall, and wherein the device comprises a guide surface, onto which fluid, which exits from the exit slots during operation, impinges and is poured out of the distributor arm.

2a

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the distributor arm comprises a lid, which delimits the first chamber to the top, and a bottom, which delimits the first chamber to the bottom and which is simultaneously the lid of the second chamber, which delimits the latter to the top. Thereby, the invention enables an essentially and, according to the function as distributor arm for a fluid, closed construction of the distributor arm. Except for the device for supplying the fluid into the first chamber and the exit slots in the one exit wall of the second chamber, the device, thus, has a distributor arm which is closed completely to the outside, in an advantageous further embodiment. For this purpose, the first chamber and the second chamber can furthermore be delimited jointly on one side by means of a side wall, which extends from the lid of the first chamber to a bottom of the second chamber.

In particular, on the side located opposite to the side

wall, the first chamber is delimited by a side wall, which

extends from the lid of the first chamber to the bottom of

the first chamber, wherein, on the side located opposite to

the side wall, the second chamber is delimited by the exit

wall, in which the exit slots are located, and wherein the

side wall of the first chamber transitions into the guide

surface, viewed from the direction of its extension,

starting at the lid downstream from the bottom. The

invention thereby provides a structurally simple

construction, which allows for producing a distributor arm

for the device, for example essentially solely of planar

plates by means of buckling or bending, respectively, and

attaching a straight welding seam. The invention creates a

further option for a simple production in that the

distributor arm is embodied in the manner of a pipe, which

has in particular a circular cross section.

To support a uniform distribution of the fluid which enters

the first chamber as liquid film on the bottom of the first

chamber, the distributor arm comprises, in an advantageous

further embodiment of the invention, a region located

opposite to the device, viewed in the direction of flow of the fluid, which enters through the device or the supply, respectively, and which does not comprise any holes and is in particular formed as stopping plate for the fluid below the supply, which flows in during operation, wherein the region is in particular an integral part of the bottom of the first chamber.

In an advantageous further embodiment of the invention, the

uniform distribution of the fluid in the chambers of the

distributor arm can be supported in that the distributor

arm comprises at least one gas outlet, wherein at least one

venting pipe is positioned in particular in the lid of the

first chamber. In the context of the invention, the

distributor arm can additionally or alternatively comprise

at least one venting device located on the inside of the

distributor arm, wherein at least one venting pipe is

positioned between the first chamber and the second chamber

in particular in the bottom of the first chamber.

A steady supply of the fluid for example into a packing

pack in the form of a liquid film and not as drops is

supported in a reliable manner in that, in an advantageous

further embodiment of the invention, the second chamber

comprises only one exit wall through which fluid can leave

the second chamber during operation of the device.

Further risks of known sprinkling systems are plugging

caused by ceramic particles, that is, splintering from

packing material. Systems of this type are dimensioned by

means of diameters of bores in the distributor arms or

diameters of distributor pipes, respectively, as a function of the acid flow rate. This does not apply for a sprinkling system according to the invention. The dimensioning of the size of the openings in the perforated plate as well as of the exit slots is thereby independent from the flow rate of the fluid and is dimensioned according to the maximum particle size in liquid stream appearing during operation.

In the context of the invention, these risks caused by

plugging can be prevented in that in an advantageous

embodiment of the device, the diameter of the openings of

the perforated plate is at least 4 mm and/or that the

dimensions of the exit slots are larger than those of the

openings in the perforated plate. This will be discussed in

more detail further below.

In an advantageous further embodiment of the invention, the

device can furthermore also be provided with at least one

outlet port. For this purpose, it is in particular provided

that an outlet port, which is in particular dimensioned to

be larger than the openings of the perforated plate, is

positioned on the bottom of the second chamber.

The invention can in particular be used for the following

preferred fields of application:

• for the distribution of the sulfuric acid in drying

tower

• for the distribution of the sulfuric acid in

absorption towers

• for the distribution of aqueous H202 solutions in

chemisorption towers

• for the distribution of the water or process water,

respectively, in the quench tower

• for the distribution of the brine/acid in

chemisorption towers

The invention is generally suitable for distributing any

liquid media, in particular to packing packs. The invention

provides the advantage that the device for distributing a

fluid stream on a packing pack forms a film of the fluid,

in particular of the liquid, and the formation of drops is

prevented essentially completely. The invention achieves

this by means of a structurally extremely simple

construction, which makes it possible to produce the

device, for example essentially solely of planar plates, by

means of buckling or bending, respectively, and attaching

of a straight welding seam. A machine production is thus

made possible, in particular by using robots, in particular

for the welding. Openings or holes, respectively, in the

plates can be punched mechanically as well as manually.

The invention furthermore provides a distributor arm and a

perforated plate for an above-described sprinkling system.

A sprinkling system of this type is particularly suitable

for the fluid distribution to a packing pack, in particular

in response to the sulfuric acid synthesis.

The invention is illustrated in more detail on the enclosed

drawings by means of exemplary embodiments. Identical and

similar components are thereby provided with the same

reference numerals, wherein the features of the different exemplary embodiments can be combined with one another, in which

Figure 1 shows a sprinkling system 10 or falling film

fluid distributor, respectively, according to the

invention,

Figure 2 shows a schematic illustration of an embodiment

of a distributor arm 3 for the sprinkling system

10 or the falling film fluid distributor,

respectively, in a partially broken perspective

illustration,

Figure 3 shows a schematic lateral illustration of a

distributor arm for the sprinkling system or the

falling film fluid distributor, respectively,

according to an embodiment of the invention in

the cross section,

Figure 4 shows a schematic illustration of a further

embodiment of a distributor arm in a partially

broken perspective illustration,

Figure 5 shows a schematic lateral illustration of a

distributor arm of the embodiment of the

invention shown in Figure 4 in the cross section,

Figure 6 shows a schematic perspective illustration of a

distributor arm in a further embodiment of the

invention,

Figure 7 shows a schematic perspective illustration of a

distributor arm in a further embodiment of the

invention,

Figure 8 shows a schematic perspective illustration of a

distributor arm in a further embodiment of the

invention comprising a lateral fluid supply,

Figure 9A shows a schematic perspective illustration of a

distributor arm in a variation of the invention,

Figure 9B shows a schematic perspective illustration of a

distributor arm in a further variation of the

invention,

Figure 10 shows a schematic illustration of variations of

the exit slot shapes,

Figure 11 shows a schematic illustration of variations of

the bores in the perforated plate,

Figure 12 shows a schematic and functional illustration of

the fluid flow in a distributor arm of a

sprinkling system according to an embodiment of

the invention in the cross section,

Figure 13A shows a schematic and functional

illustration of the fluid flow in a distributor

arm of a sprinkling system according to a further

embodiment of the invention in a partially

broken-open perspective illustration,

Figure 13B shows a schematic and functional

illustration of the fluid flow in a distributor

arm of a sprinkling system according to the

embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 13A

in the cross section.

Figure 14 shows a known device for the fluid distribution

from DE 10 2007 035639 B3,

Figure 15 shows a known device for the fluid distribution

from US 20040182013 Al,

Figure 16 shows a known device for the fluid distribution

from US 5906773 A,

Figure 17 shows a known device for the fluid distribution

from US 5439620 A,

Figures 18 and 19 show schematic illustrations of

embodiments according to the invention comprising

preferred operating parameters,

Figure 20 shows a schematic illustration of a further

embodiment of a distributor arm in a partially

broken-open perspective illustration comprising

venting to the outside,

Figure 21 shows a schematic illustration of a further

embodiment of a distributor arm in a partially

broken-open perspective illustration comprising

an internal pressure compensation.

Figure 1 shows a sprinkling system 10 or falling film fluid

distributor, respectively, according to the invention. In

the shown example, the sprinkling system 10 comprises eight

devices 1. The sprinkling system 10 furthermore comprises a

supply device 100, which, in the shown example, comprises a

pipeline 120, which is arranged transversely to the

longitudinal extension 12 of the devices 1 and which is

connected to a supply line 150. As illustrated in Figure 1,

the sprinkling system 10 can be easily placed onto the

upper edge of the wall (brick lining) 8 of the plant

component in an advantageous manner, which contains the

packing bed 7, which is to be wetted. A further fastening

is not necessary. The invention thus provides for a

significant cost reduction as compared to arrangements,

which require separate fastening or mounting means,

respectively.

In a plant, in which a sprinkling system according to the

invention is used, in the illustration in Figure 1, below

the sprinkling system 10 the packing bed 7 could be

arranged through which in particular a gaseous fluid flows

from the bottom to the top during operation (compare Figure

18). Following the sprinkling system in the direction of

flow thereof, the roof of the plant could be positioned

thereabove, in which filters, in particular cartridge

filters, are positioned for separating liquid or other

media. Even in the case of a filter malfunction, the risk

of corrosion for following plant parts is explicitely low

with the help of the invention, because no drops of the

fluid, which is supplied by means of the sprinkling system

10 via the device(s) 1, are present which drops can be

entrained by a gas.

A sieve is often attached in a plant part containing a

packing bed, for example for retaining fragments of damaged

packing. In particular in the case of ceramic packing beds,

however, particles can be present as fragments, which are

so small that they can plug the openings of conventional

moistening devices (fluid distribution devices). In the

case of known moistening devices, liquids are often applied

to the packing bed via openings of relatively thin pipes.

Openings of this type can be plugged by the fragments of

the packing.

The sprinkling system 10 according to Figure 1 according to

the invention is suitable in particular for packing packs

and comprises at least one device 1 for distributing a

fluid stream to a width B with at least one device 2 for

supplying the fluid, at least one distributor arm 3

comprising a first chamber 31 and a second chamber 32,

which is arranged downstream from the first chamber in the

direction of flow S of the fluid, wherein a perforated

plate 4 is arranged between the first and the second

chamber, and wherein the second chamber 31 has an exit wall

34, wherein at least one exit slot 5, preferably a

plurality of exit slots 5, are present in the exit wall 34,

and wherein the device 1 comprises a guide surface 6, onto

which fluid which exits from the exit slots 5 during

operation, impinges and is poured out of the distributor

arm 3. Devices 1 comprising the above-mentioned features

are illustrated in more detail in embodiments in the further figures. For the sake of clarity, only one of a plurality of exit slots is thereby denominated with reference number 5.

For example, in case of sulfuric acid synthesis, the amount

of acid corresponds to the hole area, for the invention in

particular to the entire cross sectional area of the exit

slots 5. With a predetermined amount of acid per flown

through cross sectional area of the packing pack and given

number of pipes as well as holes, the diameter of the holes

in the pipes, from which the liquid drops then fall onto

the packing pack, results from the amount of acid. A

plugging then leads to an extremely unreliable mode of

operation, because the uniform moistening cannot be ensured

any longer.

In contrast, with the help of the invention the size of

openings can be determined independently of the amount of

acid. This is caused by how the second chamber 32 of the

device 1 cooperates with the first chamber 31. Figure 2

shows a schematic illustration of an embodiment of a

distributor arm 3 for the sprinkling system 10 or the

falling film fluid distributor, respectively, in a

partially broken perspective illustration.

The distributor arm 3 has a supply device 2 for the fluid

which is to be distributed. Further, according to a first

embodiment, the distributor arm comprises a lid 36, which

delimits the first chamber 31 to the top (see Figures 2,

2A, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9B, 12, and 18 to 21, see in particular

Figure 3). The first chamber is delimited to the bottom by means of a bottom 40. The bottom 40 of the first chamber 31 is simultaneously the lid of the second chamber 32. First and second chamber are delimited jointly on one side by means of a side wall 35, which extends from the lid 36 of the first chamber 31 to the bottom 33 of the second chamber

32. On the side located opposite to the side wall 35, the

first chamber 31 is delimited by a side wall 37, which

extends from the lid 36 of the first chamber 31 to the

bottom 40 of the first chamber. On the side located

opposite to the side wall 35, the second chamber 32 is

delimited by the exit wall 34, in which the exit slots 5

are located. The side wall 37 of the first chamber 31

transitions into the guide surface 6, viewed from the

direction of its extension, starting at the lid 36

downstream from the bottom 40. A distance Daus exists

between the guide surface 6 and the exit wall 34 of the

second chamber 32.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the distributor

arm 3 is formed in the manner of a pipe, which has, for

example, a circular cross section. While the above

described embodiment can also be produced automatically in

a simple manner by bending plates, the round alternative of

the distributor arm, which will be described below, can

likewise be produced in a simple manner by inserting a

bottom 400 into a pipe and by attaching the guide surface

600. This further embodiment of the invention is shown in

Figures 4, 5, 13A and 13B.

The functions of the lid 36, of the side wall 35, of the

bottom 33, of the exit wall 34, and of the side wall 37 are taken over by regions of the pipe wall located on the top, on the side, and on the bottom. The regions 350 for the side wall located opposite to the exit slots 5, which are located in the region 340 according to the exit wall 34, are shown in the figures in an exemplary manner. In this embodiment, due to the bent, in particular round shaping, the distance Daus between the region 340 comprising the exit slots 5 and the guide surface 600 is a function of the distance x from the fastening point 610, at which the guide surface 600 starts to extend out of the pipe of the distributor arm 3 (see Figure 5).

The fluid enters into the first chamber 31 through the

device 2 for supplying said fluid (see also Figure 3). The

bottom 40 of the first chamber 31 comprises at least one

perforated plate 4. The perforated plate 4 is the region of

the bottom 40, in which holes or openings 45, respectively,

are arranged. For the sake of clarity, only one of a

plurality of openings is thereby provided with reference

number 45.

Viewed in the direction of flow S (see also Figures 9B,

13A, 19, 20, and 21) of the fluid flowing in through the

device 2, the bottom 40 does not have any holes in the

region 42 located opposite to the device 2 in the shown

exemplary embodiment. In other words, the device 1 can thus

have a stopping plate below the supply 2. A stopping plate

of this type in the form of the region 42 located opposite

to the device 2 for supplying the fluid can be an integral

part of the bottom 40 of the first chamber 31. The at least

one perforated plate 4 can also be an integral part of the bottom 40 of the first chamber 31. Due to the fact that the bottom 40 does not have any holes in the region 42, the fluid flowing in during operation of the device 1 is distributed to the outside in the first chamber 31.

The openings 45 in the perforated plate 4 serve for the

distribution of the liquid over the entire length of the

device 1. During operation of the device 1, a uniform

liquid film Fl is created in the first chamber 31 upstream

of the fluid supply into the second chamber 32 (see Figures

12, 13B, and 18). From this, the fluid falls into the

second chamber 32. It thereby enters into the second

chamber 32 in particular in a region, which is located

opposite to the region in which exit slots 5 are arranged

in the outer wall of the second chamber 32. A uniform

liquid film F2 is also created in the second chamber 32

upstream of the fluid outlet through the exit slots 5

towards the guide surface 6, 600 in the operating state of

the device 1.

By means of the exit slots 5 in one of the two lateral

outer walls of the second chamber 32, the respective wall

becomes the exit wall 34. According to the invention, the

second chamber 32 has only one exit wall 34 of this type,

through which fluid can leave the second chamber 32 during

operation of the device 1. The distributor arm 3 according

to the invention has openings to the outside only by means

of the device 2 for supplying the fluid into the first

chamber 31 and by means of the exit slots 5 in the one exit

wall 34 of the second chamber 32.

Except for the device 2 for supplying the fluid into the

first chamber 31 and the exit slots 5 in the one exit wall

34 of the second chamber 32, the distributor arm 3

according to the invention is set-up completely closed to

the outside, in particular quasi in the manner of a box or

pipe, respectively, and, viewed in its longitudinal

direction 12, is thereby divided on the inside into at

least two chambers 31, 32, which are connected to one

another via openings 45 (see also Figure 3, Figure 5). The

shape of the distributor arm 3 in the manner of a box,

which is closed on the outside, is shown, for example, in

Figures 2, 2A, 3, 6 to 8, 9B, 12, as well as 18 to 21. The

shape of the distributor arm 3 in the manner of a pipe,

which is closed on the outside, is shown, for example, in

Figures 4, 5, 13A, and 13B. Both alternatives can also be

combined with one another, which is illustrated by means of

the embodiment shown in Figure 9A.

The, thus, shape of the distributor arm 3 according to the

invention essentially closed to the outside, is also shown

in external views of Figures 6, 7, 8, and 9A. The

distributor arm 3 does not have an opening in the side wall

35 of the distributor arm 3, which, in relation to the

longitudinal direction 12 thereof, is located opposite to

the side comprising the exit wall 34.

The exit slots 5 in the embodiment shown in Figure 2 each

have In their outline essentially the shape of the letter

Y, wherein the upper region thereof is open between the two

legs as triangular area. The exit slots 5 are positioned in

the exit wall 34 of the second chamber 32 with their perpendicular end, quasi the base of the Y, towards the bottom. According to a further alternative of the invention, the exit slots 5 according to the embodiment shown in Figure 2A each have the shape of an isosceles triangle and are positioned in the exit wall 34 of the second chamber 32 with their tip towards the bottom.

Further alternatives of shapes of the exit slots 5

according to the invention are illustrated schematically in

Figure 10.

The exit slots 5 are dimensioned to be significantly larger

than the openings of the perforated plate 4.

The openings in the perforated plate 4 or the exit slots 5

according to the invention, respectively, cannot be plugged

by the fragments detaching from the packing pack, because,

on the one hand, these particles should not reach up to

these openings due to the construction in particular during

operation of the device 1. On the other hand, the openings

are dimensioned to be sufficiently large. The holes in the

perforated plate 4 are selected, for example, to have a

diameter, which is about 150% larger than the largest

particle in the closed system of the plant, into which the

device 1 is installed. In the case of typical packing beds,

the diameter of the openings 45 of the perforated plate 4

can in particular be at least 4 mm.

The dimensions of the exit slots 5 are preferably larger

than those of the openings in the perforated plate 4. The

perforated plate 4 can be replaced completely or partially,

respectively, by a wire mesh. As a wire mesh, a material is understood which is made of one or a plurality of wires and which has openings in the manner of loops in a mesh or meshwork. The permeability function of the perforated plate

4 is thus maintained, but structural design is varied, when

structural or procedural, as well as financial aspects of

the apparatus can be optimized thereby.

A further embodiment of the invention is illustrated

schematically in Figure 2A by means of an illustration,

which is partially broken open in the longitudinal

direction 12 in a plane perpendicular through the device 1.

The supply 2, the first chamber 31, the perforated plate 4,

the second chamber 32, and the exit slots 5 thereof can be

seen. In the shown example, the openings 45 of the

perforated plate 4 between first and second chamber have a

rectangular profile. In the shown embodiment, a plurality

of openings 45 is arranged next to one another aligned with

their outer sides by forming a plurality of rows, wherein

the openings, which are quasi arranged on top of one

another in adjacent rows, are also aligned with one another

with their outer sides.

This design is not mandatory. In the context of the

invention, the shape of the openings 45 as well as the

relative arrangement of the openings 45 to one another can

be varied. Shape, size, and relative arrangement of the

openings relative to one another can thus be adapted, for

example, to the flow behavior and the required operational

capacity of the fluid, which is distributed via the device

1. As further example for the formation of a perforated

plate 4, in Figures 2, 4, 9B, and 13A an arrangement is shown comprising elongate openings 45, which have a rounded, in particular circular contour, on their narrow sides. In Figure 2, additionally an arrangement of the openings 45 in the perforated plate 4 is illustrated aligned in rows next to one another and quasi offset on top of one another. Further shapes for the openings 45 are illustrated schematically in Figure 11.

An outlet port 320 is positioned on the bottom of the

second chamber, as illustrated in Figure 2A, 20, and 21.

The outlet port 320 can in particular be arranged in the

center in the bottom of the second chamber 32 of the

distributor arm 3. The outlet port is preferably arranged

in the region of the transition of the exit wall 34 into

the bottom 33 of the second chamber 32. The outlet port 320

is also dimensioned to be larger than the openings of the

perforated plate 4. It provides for an essentially complete

discharge of the device 1, which can be important, for

example, in case of a plant comprising a sprinkling system

according to the invention is taken out of service for

remodeling or maintenance work.

In the case of the known sprinkling system illustrated in

Figure 14, an even sprinkling along the distributor arm

through the one liquid chamber thereof takes place at a low

speed of the exiting liquid. The formation of small drops

is avoided thereby. In the context of the invention, the

free passage area for gas is approximately between 65 and

80% of the total area. However, the large disadvantage of

this is that there is an increased plugging risk due to the small hole diameter and gaps in particular in the case of low sprinkling rates.

A known device for the fluid distribution from

US 20040182013 Al is shown in Figure 15. A known device for

the fluid distribution from US 5906773 A is shown in Figure

16. A known device for the fluid distribution from

US 5439620 A is shown in Figure 17.

Operating parameters, which are preferred for embodiments

according to the invention, are specified in Figures 18 and

19. The speed of the fluid supply in and through the device

2 for supplying the fluid is in the range of between 0.5

m/s and 3 m/s and is preferably 2 m/s. The dimensioning of

the distributor arm is thereby preferably set in such a way

that in the case of a speed of the fluid supply in and

through of preferably 2 m/s, the speed in the flow in the

film Fl in the first chamber 31 is in the range of between

0.25 m/s and 3 m/s and is preferably 1 m/s. The speed at

which the fluid passes through the openings 45 of the

perforated plate 4 is in the range of between 0.2 m/s and 1

m/s and is preferably 0.5 m/s.

Further, the dimensioning of the distributor arm is thereby

preferably set in such a way that in the case of the above

described values, the speed in the flow in the film F2 in

the second chamber 32 in a direction essentially parallel

to the bottom 33 towards the exit wall 34 is in the range

of between 0.2 m/s and 1 m/s and is preferably 0.5 m/s. The

exit speed of the fluid out of the exit slots 5 is in the range of between 0.05 m/s and 0.4 m/s and is preferably 0.2 rn/s.

The guide surface 6 is illustrated in Figure 18 in relation

to a packing bed 7. In the context of the invention, it is

also possible to embody the guide surface 6 with an

projection 65, as shown in Figure 18. The angle a (alpha)

between an projection 65 of this type and the remaining

guide surface 6 can be selected so as to be adapted to the

special application, depending on the operating conditions.

The projection 65 can, for example, be attached to the

guide surface in such a way that it runs essentially

perpendicular, in particular parallel, to the side walls of

the chambers 31 and 32 (see for example Figure 3). The

supply of the fluid onto or into the packing pack,

respectively, can thus be set when using the device.

Further embodiments of the invention are illustrated in

Figures 20 and 21, in the case of which the distributor arm

has at least one gas outlet.

In the variant illustrated in Figure 20, for this purpose

two venting pipes 311 are positioned in the lid 36 of the

first chamber 31. In this case, except for the device 2 for

supplying the fluid into the first chamber 31 and the exit

slots 5 in the one exit wall 34 of the second chamber 32

and the venting pipes 311, the device 1 has a distributor

arm 3 which is closed completely to the outside. In the

shown example, the venting pipes 311 are positioned at the

distal ends of the distributor arm 3 with respect to the

device 2 for supplying the fluid.

These venting pipes 311, which are located on the outside

on the distributor arm 3, ensure that the fluid is

distributed into the entire distributor arm 3 and no gas

remains in the chamber 31 during operation of the device 1.

In addition, a certain primary pressure can be ensured in

the distributor arm 3 by varying the length of the pipe

311, measured starting at the lid 36 (thus "to the top" in

the figure), during operation in response to a possibly

slight outflow of the fluid from the venting pipe 311. For

this purpose, the fluid can be supplied through the device

2 in a pressurized manner.

A further variant of the invention provides for a vent

located on the inside of the distributor arm 3. One example

for this is illustrated in Figure 21. Two venting pipes 321

are thereby positioned between the first chamber 31 and the

second chamber 32 in the bottom 40 of the first chamber. In

the shown example, said venting pipes are located at the

distal ends of the distributor arm 3 with respect to the

device 2 for supplying the fluid. During operation, a

pressure compensation can be ensured in the upper chamber

and lower chamber in the gas phase by means of an internal

pressure compensation of this type by means of the pipes

321 located in the distributor arm 3 between first chamber

31 and second chamber 32, which, in turn, signifies a

slight positive pressure in the fluid phase. This slight

positive pressure causes a uniform fluid exit into the

lower chamber 32. In addition, when the liquid film Fl

overflows the pressure compensating pipe 321 in the first chamber 31, the excess fluid is captured in the lower chamber 32.

The device 1 according to the invention is also named as

fall film distributor ("FFD"). In contrast to known trough

systems, deflection plate systems, and pipe distributors,

the device according to the invention, as fall film

distributor, provides for a uniform sprinkling along the

distributor arm through the liquid chamber thereof, which

comprises the first and second chamber, with the lowest

speed of the exiting liquid - for example the acid inlet

speed in sulfuric acid synthesis - of all of today's known

systems due to the solely gravity actuated mode of

operation. The formation of small droplets is thus avoided.

In addition, there is no plugging risk, because the

smallest dimension is at least 50% larger than the

screening gap. In the context of the invention, the free

passage surface for the gas preferably lies at between

approximately 65 and 80% of the total area of the device 1.

In contrast, the sprinkling in the case of pipe

distributors does not take place uniformly, but locally

through holes along the pipes on both sides thereof. The

liquid inlet speed is approximately 1 m/sec or more through

internal pressure, and a small portion of small droplets is

formed. Due to the small hole diameter, there is a high

plugging risk.

In the case of trough systems, the sprinkling takes place

along evenly distributed pipes over the packing surface.

Due to the small liquid column in the trough, the liquid inlet speed is low and the formation of small droplets is avoided. Due to the small trough diameter, however, there is an increased plugging risk. Additionally, the free passage area for gas here is only between approximately 45 and 60% of the total area.

In the case of deflection plate systems, more than 50% of

the sprinkling takes place above the uppermost region of

the packing. The liquid inlet speed remains at

approximately 1 to 2 m/sec due to the internal pressure. A

large amount of small droplets is formed here by the

deflection, which necessitates a low gas speed. Due to the

reduced hole diameters, there is an increased plugging risk

at small sprinkling rates. The free passage area for the

gas additionally is only at approximately 55% of the total

area here.

It is obvious to the person skilled in the art that the

invention is not limited to the above-described examples,

but can in fact be varied in a large variety of ways. The

features of the individually illustrated examples can in

particular also be combined with one another or be

interchanged.

List of Reference Numerals

10 sprinkling system

100 supply device

120 pipeline

150 supply line

1 device for distributing a fluid stream

12 longitudinal extension of the device

2 device for supplying the fluid

3 distributor arm

31 first chamber

311 venting pipe of the first chamber

32 second chamber

321 venting pipe of the second chamber

33 bottom of the second chamber

34; 340 exit wall of the second chamber

35; 350 side wall of the device, which is located opposite

to the side comprising the exit wall 34; 340

36 ceiling of the first chamber

37 side wall of the first chamber

320 outlet port

4 perforated plate

40 bottom of the first chamber

42 region of the bottom 40 of the first chamber

located opposite to the system 2 in the direction

of flow S; stopping plate

45 openings, hole of the perforated plate

5 exit slot

6; 600 guide surface

610 fastening parts of the guide surface 600

65 projection

7 packing bed, packing pack

8 upper edge of the wall or brick lining,

respectively, of a plant,

B with of the fluid stream, which leaves the

respective distributor arm during operation of the

device 1

Daus distance between exist wall 34 and guide surface 6;

600

Fl liquid film in the first chamber

F2 liquid film in the second chamber

S direction of flow of the fluid

x distance from the fastening point 610 for the guide

surface 600

a angle between attachment piece 65 und guide

surface 6

Claims

1. A sprinkling system, in particular for packing packs, comprising at least one distributing-device for distributing a fluid stream to a width B with at least one supplying device for supplying the fluid, at least one distributor arm comprising at least one first chamber and at least one second chamber, which is arranged downstream from the first chamber in a direction of flow S of the fluid, wherein a perforated plate is arranged between the first and the second chamber, and wherein the second chamber comprises an exit wall, wherein at least one, preferably a plurality of exit slots, are present in the exit wall, and wherein the distributing-device comprises a guide surface, onto which fluid, which exits from the exit slots during operation, impinges and is poured out of the distributor arm, wherein the distributor arm has a lid, which delimits the first chamber to the top, and a bottom, which delimits the first chamber to the bottom and which is simultaneously the lid of the second chamber, which delimits the latter to the top, wherein the first chamber and the second chamber are delimited jointly on one side by means of a side wall, which extends from the lid of the first chamber to a bottom of the second chamber, wherein viewed in the direction of flow S of the fluid flowing in through the supplying-device, the distributor arm has a region located opposite to the supplying-device, which does not comprise any holes, wherein the region is an integral part of the bottom of the first chamber.

2. Distributing-device for a sprinkling system according to claim 1, wherein, on the side located opposite to the side wall, the first chamber is delimited by a side wall, which extends from the lid of the first chamber to the bottom of the first chamber, and wherein, on the side located opposite to the side wall, the second chamber is delimited by the exit wall, in which the exit slots are located, wherein the side wall of the first chamber downstream from the bottom transitions into the guide surface, viewed from the direction of its extension starting at the lid.

3. The distributing-device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that except for the supplying-device for supplying the fluid into the first chamber and the exit slots in the one exit wall of the second chamber, the device has a distributor arm, which is closed completely to the outside.

4. The distributing-device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the distributor arm is formed in the manner of a pipe, which has in particular a circular cross section.

5. The distributing-device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the region located opposite to the supplying-device viewed in the direction of flow S of the fluid flowing in through the supplying-device is formed as stopping plate below the supply for the fluid.

6. The distributing-device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second chamber comprises only one exit wall, through which fluid can leave the second chamber during operation of the distributing-device.

7. The distributing-device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the diameter of the openings of the perforated plate is at least 4 mm and/or that the dimensions of the exit slots are larger than those of the openings in the perforated plate.

8. The distributing-device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an outlet port, which is in particular dimensioned to be larger than the openings of the perforated plate, is positioned on the bottom of the second chamber.

9. The distributing-device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the distributor arm has at least one gas outlet, wherein at least one venting pipe is positioned in particular in the lid of the first chamber.

10. The distributing-device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the distributor arm comprises at least one venting device located on the inside of the distributor arm, wherein at least one venting pipe is positioned between the first chamber and the second chamber in particular in the bottom of the first chamber.

11. A distributor arm for a sprinkling system according to any one of the preceding claims.

12. A perforated plate for a sprinkling system according to any one of the preceding claims.

13. Use of a sprinkling system according to any one of the preceding claims for the fluid distribution to a packing pack, in particular in sulfuric acid synthesis.

10 8 120

150 1 1 1 1 1

1 1/24

1

12

Fig. 1

36 1

2

3

4 42 2/24

5 32 34

45 B

35

33 6 40 Fig. 2

31 2

4 45

36 42 3/24

40

5

35

320 32

33 34 Fig. 2A

2 36 1

31 37

45 35 4

32 4/24

5 34 5

Daus 33

6

Fig. 3

42 5/24

600

350

5 340

Fig. 4 x

5 6/24

340

Daus=f(x)

Fig. 5

1 35

36 7/24

34

6

Fig. 6

1 8/24

36

2 34 2

6

Fig. 7

1 35 9/24

36 2

34

6

Fig. 8

36 10/24

2

600

Fig. 9A

S

2

4

45

42 36 11/24

31

40

5

35 32

33

34 Fig. 9B

5 5 5 5 12/24

Fig. 10

45 45 45 45

45 45 45 45 13/24

Fig. 11

S

3 2

S 36 1

31 37

F1 45 4 35 14/24

32 34

5 F2

Daus S

33

6

Fig. 12

S 2

42 15/24

600

350

5 340

Fig. 13A

S

3 2

1 S

31

F1 45 4 350 32

340 F2 16/24

5

S

600

Fig. 13B

Prior art 17/24

Fig. 14

Prior art 18/24

Fig. 15

Prior art 19/24

Fig. 16

Prior art 20/24

Fig. 17

S 2 3 1 S 36

31 37

F1 45 4 35 21/24

0.2 to 1 m/s preferred 0.5 m/s 34 32 F2

5 exit out of slot 0.05 to 0.3 m/s Daus 0.05 to 0.4 m/s preferred 0.1 m/s preferred 0.2 m/s S

33

6 65

7 Fig. 18

S

0.5 to 3 m/s preferred 2 m/s

2

0.25 to 3 m/s preferred 1 m/s

42 31 4 22/24

45

36 40

5

35 32

33

34 Fig. 19

31 2

1 4 45 311 36

42 23/24

5 40

35

320 32

33 34

Fig. 20

321 2

1 4

45

36 42 24/24

5 40

35

320 32

321 33 34

Fig. 21