AU2014202252B2 - Coal gasification system and coal gasification combined cycle system - Google Patents

Coal gasification system and coal gasification combined cycle system Download PDF

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AU2014202252B2
AU2014202252B2 AU2014202252A AU2014202252A AU2014202252B2 AU 2014202252 B2 AU2014202252 B2 AU 2014202252B2 AU 2014202252 A AU2014202252 A AU 2014202252A AU 2014202252 A AU2014202252 A AU 2014202252A AU 2014202252 B2 AU2014202252 B2 AU 2014202252B2
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coal
water
exhaust gas
gasifier
syngas
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AU2014202252A1 (en
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Takuya Ishiga
Fumihiko Kiso
Fumihiko Nagaremori
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Mitsubishi Power Ltd
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Mitsubishi Power Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
    • Y02E20/18—Integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC], e.g. combined with carbon capture and storage [CCS]

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  • Industrial Gases (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

- 63 {Abstract} A coal gasification system comprising: a dryer for drying coal by combustion exhaust gas and permitting the combustion exhaust gas to contain moisture in the 5 coal; a gasifier for generating syngas that the coal is gasified; a dust remover for removing small particles in the syngas of the gasifier; a condensed heat exchanger for cooling the combustion exhaust gas after the coal is dried by the dryer and converting moisture 10 in the combustion exhaust gas to a liquid; a water recovery tower for leading the combustion exhaust gas via the condensed heat exchanger and the condensed water and recovering water from the combustion exhaust gas; a water feed system for leading the water 15 recovered from the combustion exhaust gas by the water recovery tower to the condensed heat exchanger, raising temperature by indirect heat exchange, and feeding it to the gasifier; and a shift reaction unit for leading the syngas with small particles removed by the dust 20 remover and steam, permitting carbon monoxide and steam in the syngas to perform a shift reaction, and converting them to carbon dioxide and hydrogen. z -ABSORPTION Lo 0 i. < coc U- L 0zo w

Description

COMPLETE SPECIFICATION STANDARD PATENT
Invention Title
Coal gasification and coal combined cycle system
The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to me/us:1
2014202252 03 Sep 2018
- la The present invention relates to a coal gasification system for gasifying coal to obtain gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen as main components and a coal gasification combined cycle system for generating power by a gas turbine using syngas produced by gasification of coal as fuel.
Coal is formed from ancient plants carbonized underground and is classified according to the carbonization degree (fixed carbon quantity) and volatile matter quantity.
At present, most of coal used for coal-fired power generation are classified as bituminous coal. The moisture contained in coal, although different from each other depending on the habitat even in the same bituminous coal, is mostly 10 wt% or lower.
The coal kind lower in carbonization degree than bituminous coal is called brown coal. The brown coal is more in the moisture content than bituminous coal and may contain about 50% of moisture depending on the coal kind.
To perform high efficiency power generation in a power generation plant using coal as fuel, it is necessary to pulverize coal by using a mill, though coal containing much moisture cannot be pulverized by the mill unless it is dried.
2014202252 03 Sep 2018
- 2 When using coal containing much moisture such as brown coal as fuel for a power generation plant after drying it, due to heat loss resulting from coal drying, the power generation efficiency of the power generation plant is reduced, so that even though brown coal is larger in the amount of reserves and lower in cost than bituminous coal, brown coal was less used as fuel for a coal power generation plant.
Therefore, for a coal-fired power generation plant using coal containing much moisture such as brown coal as fuel, various measures have been proposed to improve the power generation efficiency.
The technology described in Japanese Patent Laidopen No. 2011-214814 (Patent Literature 1) shows a method of drying coal containing much moisture by a fluidized bed dryer. The fluidized bed is fluidized by steam and to the fluidized bed, the heat for drying coal is fed via a heat exchanger tube.
In the technology described in Patent Literature 1, 20 even when feeding steam at about 200°C as a flow medium, the heat feed via the heat exchanger tube is necessary because the quantity of heat necessary to vaporize moisture in coal is large and if no heat is fed via the heat exchanger tube, the temperature of the steam fed as a flow medium is reduced and the moisture is
2014202252 03 Sep 2018
- 3 condensed .
In the Patent Literature 1, the moisture in coal can be converted to steam by the fluidized bed dryer, so that the converted steam is discharged from the fluidized bed dryer along with the steam used for fluidization and fed to a steam turbine, resulting in that part of the heat used for drying can be collected as power. Further, since the steam discharged from the fluidized bed includes small particles of coal, dust removal is necessary before feeding the steam to the steam turbine.
The technology described in Japanese Patent Laidopen No. 2010-106722 (Patent Literature 2) shows a high-efficiency power generation method using coal including much moisture as fuel by a coal gasification combined cycle system.
The coal gasification combined cycle system gasifies coal and uses syngas including the obtained carbon monoxide and hydrogen as fuel for a combined cycle system made up of a gas turbine and a steam turbine .
The coal-fired power generation widespread at present is coal boiler power generation where coal is completely burned by a boiler, the heating value is collected as steam, and then the steam turbine is
2014202252 03 Sep 2018
- 4 driven by this steam to generate power. By contrast, the coal gasification combined cycle system feeds the syngas generated from coal by the gasifier to the gas turbine as fuel, and the combustion temperature of the syngas at the gas turbine entrance is increased, thus a higher efficiency than the coal boiler power generation can be realized.
The technology described in the Patent Literature 2 collects the sensible heat of exhaust gas at the exit of the gas turbine as steam by the exhaust heat collection boiler and then uses it to dry coal including much moisture.
The temperature of the exhaust gas after the exhaust heat is collected by the exhaust heat 15 collection boiler is approximately 100°C and in the conventional thermal power generation plant, the exhaust gas has not been used effectively and if coal can be dried only by this exhaust gas, the power generation efficiency can be improved.
However, only the quantity of heat possessed by the exhaust gas after the exhaust heat collection is insufficient as the quantity of heat to dry the coal, so that the exhaust gas of the gas turbine before the exhaust heat collection is required to use and the improvement effect of the power generation efficiency
2014202252 03 Sep 2018
- 5 is limited.
The syngas obtained by gasification of coal is not only used for power generation but also used as a raw material of synthesis of methanol, synthesized oil, and dimethyl ether.
Depending on individual synthesis processes, suitable hydrogen/carbon monoxide ratio in the syngas is different, so it is a widespread practice that a water gas shift reactor for permitting the carbon monoxide and steam contained in the syngas to react each other and promoting the shift reaction for converting to carbon dioxide and hydrogen is installed so as to adjust the suitable hydrogen/carbon monoxide ratio in the syngas.
The shift reaction requires a catalyst and the water gas shift reactor mentioned above is filled with a shift reaction catalyst. Although depending on the property of the shift reaction catalyst, to progress the shift reaction, steam 1.2 to 2 times the carbon monoxide in the syngas is necessary, and steam must be produced by heating industrial water.
Further, even when burning the syngas obtained by gasifying coal as fuel and using it for power generation of the gas turbine, to reduce the carbon dioxide discharge rate and prevent the global warning,
2014202252 03 Sep 2018
- 6 before burning the syngas by the gas turbine, it is necessary to convert carbon monoxide and steam to carbon dioxide and hydrogen by the shift reaction, remove the converted carbon dioxide, then feed the syngas including the hydrogen to the gas turbine as fuel, and then burn it.
To increase the collection rate of carbon dioxide included in the syngas obtained by gasifying coal to
90% or higher, although depending on the coal kind, to feed steam used for the shift reaction, industrial water on the same level as the coal weight is necessary {Patent Literature 1} Japanese Patent Laid-open
No. 2011-214814 {Patent Literature 2} Japanese Patent Laid-open
No. 2010-106722
To adjust the hydrogen/carbon monoxide ratio of the syngas obtained by gasification of coal, a shift reaction for permitting the carbon monoxide and steam in the syngas to react and converting them to carbon dioxide and hydrogen is necessary and a problem arises that to obtain steam necessary to the shift reaction, a large quantity of industrial water is required.
The technology disclosed in the Japanese Patent
Laid-open No. 2011-214814 collects the heat used to dry coal by the steam turbine. However, this technology
2014202252 03 Sep 2018
- 7 must feed heat for vaporizing the moisture discharged from the coal to an overheat state from the outside.
The steam temperature at the exit of the fluidized bed dryer for drying coal is about 200°C at its maximum and even if the steam is fed to the steam turbine, the conversion efficiency to the electric power by the steam turbine is low, so that a problem arises that the heat loss is increased.
Further, in the technology disclosed in the
Japanese Patent Laid-open No. 2010-106722, the exhaust gas of the gas turbine after the exhaust heat collection which is not used is used to dry the coal, thus a certain degree of improvement effect of the power generation efficiency is obtained, though only by the exhaust gas after the exhaust heat collection, the quantity of heat necessary to dry coal cannot be obtained, so that the exhaust gas of the gas turbine before the heat collection must be added.
However, this technology discharges the exhaust gas after coal drying into the atmosphere, so that the heat used for drying cannot be collected and the power generation efficiency improvement effect is possibly limited. Furthermore, the moisture included in coal is discharged into the atmosphere and is not used effectively, so that the heat collection and moisture
2014202252 03 Sep 2018
- 8 recovery from the exhaust gas after coal drying are problems to be solved.
Preferred embodiments of the present invention provide a coal gasification system and a coal gasification combined cycle system capable of adjusting the carbon monoxide-hydrogen ratio in the syngas generated by the gasifier due to the shift reaction of the shift reaction unit and improving the plant efficiency .
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a coal gasification system comprising: a dryer for drying coal by combustion exhaust gas and permitting the combustion exhaust gas to contain moisture in the coal in a gas state, a gasifier for feeding the coal dried by the dryer and an oxidizing agent, permitting the coal to react with the oxidizing agent, and generating gasified syngas, a dust remover installed on a downstream side of the gasifier for removing small particles in the syngas fed from the gasifier, a condensed heat exchanger installed on the downstream side of the dryer for cooling the combustion exhaust gas after the coal is dried by the dryer and converting moisture in the combustion exhaust gas to a liquid, a water recovery tower installed on a downstream side of the condensed heat exchanger for
2014202252 03 Sep 2018
- 9 leading the combustion exhaust gas via the condensed heat exchanger and water condensed by the condensed heat exchanger and recovering the water from the combustion exhaust gas, a water feed system arranged so as to lead the water recovered from the combustion exhaust gas by the water recovery tower to the condensed heat exchanger, permit indirect heat exchange with the combustion exhaust gas to raise temperature, and feed the water raised in temperature by the condensed heat exchanger to the gasifier or a downstream side of the gasifier, and a shift reaction unit installed on a downstream side of the dust remover for leading the syngas removed the small particles by the dust remover and steam, permitting carbon monoxide and steam in the syngas to perform a shift reaction, and converting them to carbon dioxide and hydrogen.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a coal gasification combined cycle system comprising: a dryer for drying coal, a gasifier for permitting the coal dried by the dryer and an oxidizing agent to react and generating gasified syngas, a shift reaction unit installed on a downstream side of the gasifier for permitting carbon monoxide and steam in the syngas generated by the gasifier to perform a shift reaction and converting
2014202252 03 Sep 2018
- 10 them to carbon dioxide and hydrogen, a gas cleanup unit installed on a downstream side of the shift reaction unit for removing a sulfur compound and others from the syngas after the shift reaction, and a gas turbine unit for burning the syngas cleaned-up by the gas cleanup unit as fuel to generate power, wherein the dryer is structured so as to feed combustion exhaust gas discharged from a gas turbine of the gas turbine unit, dry the coal in the dryer, permit the combustion exhaust gas to contain moisture in the coal, and feed the dried coal to the gasifier which is gasified by permitting the dried coal to react with an oxidizing agent, a first dust remover is installed on a downstream side of the gasifier for removing small particles in the syngas fed from the gasifier, a second dust remover is installed on a downstream side of the dryer for removing small particles included in the combustion exhaust gas discharged from the dryer, a condensed heat exchanger is installed on a downstream side of the dust remover for drying the coal by the dryer, then cooling the combustion exhaust gas, and converting moisture in the combustion exhaust gas to a liquid, a water recovery tower is installed on a downstream side of the condensed heat exchanger for leading the combustion exhaust gas via the condensed
2014202252 03 Sep 2018
- 11 heat exchanger and the water condensed by the condensed heat exchanger and recovering the water from the combustion exhaust gas, a first water feed system is arranged so as to lead the water recovered from the combustion exhaust gas by the water recovery tower to the condensed heat exchanger, perform indirect heat exchange with the combustion exhaust gas to raise temperature, and feed the water raised in temperature by the condensed heat exchanger to a unit positioned on the downstream side of the gasifier, a second water feed system is arranged so as to branch the water recovered from the combustion exhaust gas by the water recovery tower from the first water feed system and feed it to a humidifier for humidifying air which is pressurized by a gas turbine compressor of the gas turbine unit and is fed to a gas turbine combustor, and a shift reaction unit is installed on the downstream side of the dust remover for leading the syngas removed the small particles by the dust remover, permitting carbon monoxide and steam in the syngas to perform the shift reaction, and converting them to carbon dioxide and hydrogen.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a coal gasification combined cycle system comprising: a dryer for drying
2014202252 03 Sep 2018
- 12 coal, a gasifier for permitting the coal dried by the dryer and an oxidizing agent to react and generating gasified syngas, a shift reaction unit installed on a downstream side of the gasifier for permitting carbon monoxide and steam in the syngas generated by the gasifier to perform to a shift reaction and converting them to carbon dioxide and hydrogen, a gas cleanup unit installed on a downstream side of the shift reaction unit for removing a sulfur compound and others from the syngas after the shift reaction, and a gas turbine unit for burning the syngas cleaned-up by the gas cleanup unit as fuel to generate power, wherein the dryer is structured so as to feed the combustion exhaust gas discharged from a gas turbine of the gas turbine unit, dry the coal in the dryer, permit the combustion exhaust gas to include moisture in the coal, and feed the dried coal to the gasifier which is gasified by permitting the dried coal to react with an oxidizing agent, a first dust remover is installed on a downstream side of the gasifier for removing small particles in the syngas fed from the gasifier, a second dust remover is installed on a downstream side of the dryer for removing small particles included in the combustion exhaust gas discharged from the dryer, a first condensed heat exchanger is installed on a
2014202252 03 Sep 2018
- 13 downstream side of the second dust remover for drying the coal by the dryer, then cooling the combustion exhaust gas, and converting moisture in the combustion exhaust gas to a liquid, a first water recovery tower is installed on a downstream side of the first condensed heat exchanger for leading the combustion exhaust gas via the first condensed heat exchanger and water condensed by the first condensed heat exchanger and recovering water from the combustion exhaust gas, a first water feed system is arranged so as to lead the water recovered from the combustion exhaust gas by the first water recovery tower to the first condensed heat exchanger, perform indirect heat exchange with the combustion exhaust gas to raise temperature, and feed the water raised in temperature by the first condensed heat exchanger to a cooling tower installed on the downstream side of the gasifier for cooling the syngas generated by the gasifier, a second condensed heat exchanger for branching and leading the combustion exhaust gas discharged from the gas turbine of the gas turbine unit on an upstream side of the dryer, cooling the branched and led combustion exhaust gas, and converting the moisture in the combustion exhaust gas to a liquid, a second water recovery tower is installed on a downstream side of the second condensed heat
2014202252 03 Sep 2018
- 14 exchanger for recovering water from the combustion exhaust gas via the second condensed heat exchanger, a second water feed system is arranged so as to lead the water recovered from the combustion exhaust gas by the second water recovery tower to the second condensed heat exchanger, perform indirect heat exchange with the combustion exhaust gas to raise temperature, and feed the water raised in temperature by the second condensed heat exchanger to a humidifier for humidifying air which is pressurized by the gas turbine compressor of the gas turbine unit and is fed to the gas turbine combustor, and a shift reaction unit is installed on the downstream side of the first dust remover for leading the syngas removed the small particles by the first dust remover and steam , permitting carbon monoxide and steam in the syngas to perform the shift reaction, and converting them to carbon dioxide and hydrogen .
According to preferred embodiments, a coal gasification system and a coal gasification combined cycle system including the coal gasification system capable of adjusting the carbon monoxide and hydrogen ratio in the syngas generated by the gasifier due to the shift reaction of the shift reaction unit and improving the plant efficiency can be realized.
2014202252 03 Sep 2018
- 15 Embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of non-limiting example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings briefly described as follows.
{Fig. 1} Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram showing a coal gasification system, which is a first embodiment, having a constitution of feeding moisture recovered from coal to the gasifier, which is a gasification system for gasifying coal including much moisture.
{Fig. 2} Fig. 2 is a schematic block diagram showing a coal gasification system, which is a second embodiment, having a constitution of feeding moisture recovered from coal to the cooling tower on the downstream side of the gasifier, which is a gasification system for gasifying coal including much moisture .
{Fig. 3} Fig. 3 is a schematic block diagram showing a coal gasification combined cycle system, which is a third embodiment, for generating power by the gas turbine using syngas obtained by gasifying coal including much moisture as fuel.
{Fig. 4} Fig. 4 is a schematic block diagram showing a coal gasification combined cycle system, which is a fourth embodiment, having a constitution of
2014202252 03 Sep 2018
- 16 feeding moisture recovered from coal to the cooling tower on the downstream side of the gasifier, which is a coal gasification combined cycle system for generating power by the gas turbine using the syngas obtained by gasifying coal including much moisture as fuel .
{Fig. 5} Fig. 5 is a schematic block diagram showing a coal gasification combined cycle system, which is a fifth embodiment, having a constitution that the system for recovering moisture from the exhaust gas of the gas turbine as a liquid is made up of two systems of a system for drying coal and then leading it to condensed heat exchange and a system for leading to another condensed heat exchange, which is a coal gasification combined cycle system for generating power by the gas turbine using the syngas obtained by gasifying coal including much moisture as fuel.
{Fig. 6} Fig. 6 is a schematic block diagram showing a coal gasification combined cycle system, which is a sixth embodiment, having a constitution that two or more coal dryers are installed, which is a coal gasification combined cycle system for generating power by the gas turbine using the syngas that coal including much moisture is gasified as fuel.
2014202252 03 Sep 2018
- 17 The coal gasification system and coal gasification combined cycle system which are embodiments will be explained by referring to the drawings.
{Embodiment 1}
The coal gasification system which is the first embodiment will be explained by referring to Fig. 1.
In the coal gasification system of this embodiment shown in Fig. 1, coal 1 including moisture as fuel is dried by a dryer 40 of a type of direct contact with combustion exhaust gas 14 discharged from the gas turbine (not shown).
The coal 1 dried by the dryer 40 is fed to a gasifier 50 installed on the downstream side of the dryer 40, and the coal 1 is permitted to react with an oxidizing agent 2 such as oxygen fed to the gasifier 50 from the outside, and the gasifier 50 generates syngas having main components of carbon monoxide and hydrogen .
Here, the combustion exhaust gas 14 fed to the dryer 40 dries the coal 1, then becomes exhaust gas 14a discharged from the exit of the dryer 40, and is fed to the gasifier 50, though moisture 14d recovered by the dryer 40 is also fed from the dryer 40 to the gasifier .
2014202252 03 Sep 2018
- 18 Further, the dryer 40 dries the coal 1 and in the exhaust gas 14a discharged from the exit of the dryer
40, the moisture included in the coal 1 is included as steam 14c.
Therefore, the exhaust gas 14a including the steam
14c is led to the condensed heat exchanger 70 installed on the downstream side of the dryer 40 and is cooled, and part of the steam 14c in the exhaust gas 14a is condensed and is led to a water recovery tower 65 installed on the downstream side of the condensed heat exchanger 70 and is recovered.
Furthermore, the residual steam 14c in the exhaust gas 14a which was not condensed by the condensed heat exchanger 70 is led to the water recovery tower 65 together with the exhaust gas 14a and liquid water 10 fed from the outside is sprayed into the water recovery tower 65, and a large part of residual steam 14c in the exhaust gas 14a is condensed and is recovered by the water recovery tower 65 as liquid water 14b.
The water 14b recovered from the exhaust gas 14a by the water recovery tower 65 is fed to the condensed heat exchanger 70 from the water recovery tower 65, is raised in temperature by indirect heat exchange with the exhaust gas 14a, and is fed to the gasfier 50 through a water feed system 15 via the condensed heat
2014202252 03 Sep 2018
- 19 exchanger 70, though it is heated to steam by the sensible heat of syngas 20 generated by the gasifier 50
And, the syngas 20 including the steam is fed to a dust remover 53 installed on the downstream side of the gasifier 50, becomes the syngas 20 cleaned up by removing non-reacted coal particles included in the syngas 20 by the dust remover 53, and is fed to a shift reactor 55 installed on the downstream side of the dust remover 53.
The shift reactor 55 permits carbon monoxide and steam 12 in the syngas 20 to perform the shift reaction (H2O + CO —» CO2 + H2) to convert them to carbon dioxide and hydrogen.
Here, when the steam-carbon monoxide ratio in the syngas 20 is smaller than the value necessary to obtain the target carbon monoxide conversion ratio, on the entrance side of the shift reactor 55, the steam 12 is fed into the syngas 20 so that the steam-carbon monoxide ratio in the syngas 20 reaches the target value.
In the coal gasification system for generating power using coal including much moisture as fuel, the heat loss for drying coal is large, though according to the coal gasification system of this embodiment, the heat used for coal drying can be recovered as sensible
2014202252 03 Sep 2018
- 20 heat of the syngas in the gasifier or at the exit of the cooling tower.
Further, when adjusting the hydrogen/carbon monoxide ratio in the syngas in the coal gasification system, to realize the shift reaction of the syngas, though depending on the property of the shift reaction catalyst, a large quantity of industrial water on the same level as the mass of the carbon in the coal is necessary, while according to the coal gasification system of this embodiment, the moisture possessed by the coal can be given to the syngas, so that the industrial water becomes unnecessary and the running cost can be reduced extensively.
As mentioned above, according to this embodiment, a coal gasification system capable of adjusting the carbon-monoxide and hydrogen ratio in the syngas generated by the gasifier due to the shift reaction of the shift reaction unit and improving the plant efficiency can be realized.
{Embodiment 2}
Next, the coal gasification system which is the second embodiment will be explained by referring to
Fig . 2.
The coal gasification system of this embodiment shown in Fig. 2 is the same in the basic constitution
2014202252 03 Sep 2018
- 21 as the coal gasification system of the first embodiment shown in Fig. 1, so that the explanation of the constitution common to the two is omitted and only the different constitution will be explained below.
In the coal gasification system of the first embodiment shown in Fig. 1, the liquid water recovered from the combustion exhaust gas is fed to the gasifier 50, whereas the coal gasification system of this embodiment shown in Fig. 2 is so structured that a cooling tower 52 is installed in a position on the downstream side of the gasifier 50 and on the upstream side of the dust remover 53, the syngas 20 generated in the gasifier 50 is fed to this cooling tower 52, and the syngas 20 is cooled by the cooling tower 52.
The coal gasification system of this embodiment is structured so that the water 14b recovered from the exhaust gas 14a by the water recovery tower 65 is fed to the condensed heat exchanger 70 from the water recovery tower 65, is raised in temperature by indirect heat exchange with the exhaust gas 14a, and is fed to the cooling tower 52 on the downstream side of the gasifier 50 through a water feed system 17 via the condensed heat exchanger 70, and by the cooling tower 52, the syngas 20 fed from the gasifier 50 is cooled.
2014202252 03 Sep 2018
- 22 And, the syngas 20 cooled by the cooling tower 52 is fed to the dust remover 53, and by the dust remover 53, non-reacted coal particles included in the syngas 20, which are fed from the gasifier 50 via the cooling tower 52, are removed and cleaned up, and the cleaned-up syngas 20 is fed to the shift reactor 55 installed on the downstream side of the dust remover 53
And, the system is structured so that the steam 12 is also fed to the shift reactor 55 from the outside.
The liquid water 14b fed to the cooling tower 52 from the water recovery tower 65 through the water feed system 17 via the condensed heat exchanger 70, similarly to the case of the liquid water 14b fed to the gasifier 50 from the water recovery tower 65 of the coal gasification system of the first embodiment through the water feed system 15 via the condensed heat exchanger 70, becomes steam due to the sensible heat of the syngas 20 by the cooling tower 52.
In the coal gasification system for generating power using coal including much moisture as fuel, the heat loss for drying coal is large, though according to the coal gasification system of this embodiment, the heat used for coal drying can be recovered as sensible heat of the syngas in the gasifier or at the exit of the cooling tower.
2014202252 03 Sep 2018
- 23 Further, when adjusting the hydrogen/carbon monoxide ratio in the syngas in the coal gasification system, to realize the shift reaction of the syngas, though depending on the property of the shift reaction catalyst, a large quantity of industrial water on the same level as the mass of the carbon in the coal is necessary, while according to the coal gasification system of this embodiment, the moisture possessed by the coal can be given to the syngas, so that the industrial water becomes unnecessary and the running cost can be reduced extensively.
As mentioned above, according to this embodiment, a coal gasification system capable of adjusting the carbon-monoxide and hydrogen ratio in the syngas generated by the gasifier due to the shift reaction of the shift reaction unit and improving the plant efficiency can be realized.
{Embodiment 3}
Next, the coal gasification combined cycle system which is the third embodiment will be explained by referring to Fig. 3.
In the coal gasification combined cycle system of this embodiment shown in Fig. 3, the coal 1 including moisture as fuel is fed to and dried by the dryer 40 of a type of direct contact with the combustion exhaust
2014202252 03 Sep 2018
- 24 gas 14 discharged from the gas turbine 62 composing the gas turbine unit.
The coal 1 dried by direct contact with the combustion exhaust gas 14 discharged from the gas turbine 62 by the dryer 40 is finely pulverized by a mill not drawn, then is transported by nitrogen N2 which is coal transport gas 3, and is fed to the gasifier 50.
In the gasifier 50, the fed coal 1 is permitted to react with the oxidizing agent 2 such as oxygen which is fed to the gasifier 50 from the outside and is gasified and the syngas 20 having main components of carbon-dioxide and hydrogen is generated.
Here, the gasifier 50 is operated at high temperature and the ash included in the coal 1 is discharged outside from the gasifier 50 as melting slag 5.
The combustion exhaust gas 14 used to dry the coal 1 by the dryer 40 is discharged from the exit of the dryer 40 on the downstream side of the dryer 40 as exhaust gas 14a, and the moisture 14d recovered from the exhaust gas 14 by the dryer 40 is fed to the gasifier 50 together with the nitrogen N2 of the coal transport gas 3.
In the coal gasification combined cycle system of this embodiment, on the downstream side of the dryer 40,
2014202252 03 Sep 2018
- 25 the water recovery tower 65 for recovering water from the combustion exhaust gas 14a is installed, and the steam 14c included in the combustion exhaust gas discharged from the exit of the dryer 40 is cooled by the condensed heat exchanger 70 installed on the downstream side of the dryer 40 and is led to the water recovery tower 65, and the liquid water 10 fed to the water recovery tower 65 from the outside is sprayed, and a large part of residual steam 14c in the exhaust gas 14a is condensed and is recovered by the water recovery tower 65 as liquid water 14b.
The water 10 feed rate to the water recovery tower 65 for feeding the water 10 to the water recovery tower 65 from the outside is adjusted by measuring the water surface level of the water recovery tower 65 by a level gauge 91 and on the basis of the measured value measured by the level gauge 91, by operating the switching of a flow rate adjustment valve 81 for feeding the water 10 to the water recovery tower 65.
Gas generated by the water recovery tower 65 is discharged from a chimney 66 into the atmosphere.
In the coal gasification combined cycle system of this embodiment, the water 14b included in combustion exhaust gas 20a is recovered by the water recovery tower 65 and from the water recovery tower 65 and
2014202252 03 Sep 2018
- 26 through the water feed system 15, the water 14b is fed to a heat collection portion 51 of the gasifier 50, though the water 14b fed from the water recovery tower 65 through the water feed system 15 is sprayed and fed at several stages to the heat collection portion 51 which is positioned on the downstream side of the reaction portion of the gasifier 50 and is integrated with the gasifier 50, and in the heat recovery portion 51, the syngas 20 generated in the gasifier 50 and the water 14b sprayed at several stages make direct contact with each other.
In the coal gasification system provided in the coal gasification combined cycle system of this embodiment, a coal gasification system having the same basic constitution as that of the first embodiment shown in Fig. 1 is used.
The feed rate of the water 14b fed from the water recovery tower 65 through the water feed system 15 to the heat collection portion 51 of the gasifier 50, in the water gas shift reactor 55 installed on the downstream side of the gasifier 50 and the dust remover 53, is adjusted so that the steam/carbon monoxide ratio in the syngas 20 is set within the range necessary to obtain the target carbon monoxide conversion ratio.
2014202252 03 Sep 2018
- 27 Namely, a plant information-operation target 87 such as the coal feed rate and oxygen feed rate to the gasifier 50, the performance of the shift reaction catalyst filled in the shift reactor 55, and the target carbon monoxide conversion ratio is inputted into a control unit 86 and the control unit 86 calculates respectively the flow rate and the steam/carbon monoxide ratio of the exit gas of the gasifier 50 and the steam concentration /carbon monoxide ratio necessary at the entrance of the water gas shift reactor 55, obtains the necessary feed rate of the water 14b using these calculated values, and so as to be able to feed the feed rate of the water 14b to the heat collection portion 51 of the gasifier 50, on the basis of an operation signal outputted from the control unit 86, the switching of a flow rate adjustment valve 80 installed in the water feed system 15 is controlled, and the feed rate of the water 14b fed from the water recovery tower 65 through the water feed system 15 to the heat collection portion 51 of the gasifier 50 is adjusted.
Further, if the syngas 20 generated by the gasifier 50 and the water 14b make direct contact with each other, the temperature of the syngas 20 is lowered
To prevent moisture from condensing at the dust
2014202252 03 Sep 2018
- 28 remover 53 installed on the downstream side of the gasifier 50, the temperature of the dust remover 53 on the entrance side must be kept at the regulated value or higher, so that on the entrance side of the dust remover 53 installed on the downstream side of the gasifier 50, a thermometer 90 is installed and the temperature of the syngas 20 on the entrance side of the dust remover 53 which is detected by the thermometer 90 is inputted to the control unit 86, and by the control unit 86, the switching of the flow rate adjustment valve 80 is controlled, thus so that the temperature of the syngas 20 on the entrance side of the dust remover 53 which is detected by the thermometer 90 is maintained within the range not lower than the regulated value, the feed rate of the water 14b which is recovered by the water recovery tower 65 and is fed to the heat collection portion 51 of the gasifier 50 from the water recovery tower 65 through the water feed system 15 is adjusted.
As mentioned above, to the heat collection portion 51 which is positioned on the downstream side of the reaction portion of the gasifier 50 and is integrated with the gasifier 50, the water 14b is sprayed at several stages and is fed into the syngas 20, thus the syngas 20 generated in the gasifier 50 is
2014202252 03 Sep 2018
- 29 prevented from local reduction in temperature.
Further, a local low-temperature position is prevented from an occurrence in the syngas 20, thus the sprayed water 14b is gasified immediately and non5 reacted char in the syngas 20 is prevented from condensation due to existence of liquid water.
The water 14b fed to the heat collection portion 51 on the downstream side of the gasifier 50 from the water recovery tower 65 through the water feed system 15 at several stages becomes steam due to the sensible heat of the syngas 20.
Syngas 16 including this steam is fed to a knockout drum 57 installed on the downstream side of the heat collection portion 51 from the heat collection portion 51 on the downstream side of the gasifier 50 and after removing moisture remaining in a liquid state, is fed to the dust remover 53 installed on the downstream side of the knockout drum 57.
The dust remover 53 collects and removes non20 reacted coal particles called char 6 included in the syngas 16. The char 6 collected from the dust remover 53 is transported to the gasifier 50 by the nitrogen 4, so that the dust remover 53, as mentioned above, is structured so as to return the non-reacted coal particles to the gasifier 50, so that in the coal
2014202252 03 Sep 2018
- 30 gasification combined cycle system of this embodiment, the coal use efficiency can be improved.
Here, a part of the liquid water 14b recovered by the water recovery tower 65, as mentioned above, is fed to the heat collection portion 51 on the downstream side of the gasifier 50 from the water recovery tower 65 via the condensed heat exchanger 70 through the water feed system 15, though the remainder of the liquid water 14b recovered by the water recovery tower 65 humidifies air compressed by a gas turbine compressor 61, so that through a water branch system 15b branching halfway the water feed system 15 for feeding the water 14b to the condensed heat exchanger 70 from the water recovery tower 65, a part of the water 14b is fed to a humidifying tower 64 installed on the downstream side of the gas turbine compressor 61.
And, the air compressed by the gas turbine compressor 61 which is humidified by feeding the water 14b to the humidifying tower 64, to perform indirect heat exchange with the combustion exhaust gas 14 discharged from a gas turbine 62, is led to a heat exchanger 74 positioned on the downstream side of the humidifying tower 64 and on the upstream side of a gas turbine combustor 60, raises the air humidified by
2014202252 03 Sep 2018
- 31 the heat exchanger 74 in temperature by the combustion exhaust gas 14 discharged from the gas turbine 62, then is fed to the gas turbine combustor 60, is burned by the gas turbine combustor 60 together with the hydrogen fuel which is syngas 13 after the shift reaction by the water gas shift reactor 55, generates the hightemperature combustion gas 14 and drives the gas turbine 62.
The gas turbine 62 drives the gas turbine compressor 61 and a gas turbine generator 63 and generates power by the gas turbine generator 63.
The syngas 16 after dust removed by the dust remover 53 is fed to a water washing tower 54 installed on the downstream side of the dust remover53 on the downstream side of the knockout drum 57 and by water 8 fed to the water washing tower 54 from the outside, halogen and others in the syngas 16 are washed and removed, and the cleaned-up syngas 16 is raised in temperature via the heat exchanger 71 installed on the downstream side of the water washing tower 54 and then is fed to the shift reactor 55 installed on the downstream side of the water washing tower 54.
The syngas 16 generated by the gasifier 50 is removed dust by the dust remover 53 and then passes through the water washing tower 54, thus the
2014202252 03 Sep 2018
- 32 temperature of the syngas 16 is lowered, though the syngas 16 washed by the water washing tower 54 is permitted to flow down into a heat exchanger 71 as a heat source, and indirect heat exchange is performed between the syngas 16 before flowing into the water washing tower 54 and the heat exchanger 71 to raise the temperature, thus the heat loss of the syngas 16 is reduced .
The syngas 16 washed by the water washing tower 54 is raised in temperature by the heat exchanger 71 and then is fed to the shift reactor 55 installed on the downstream side of the water washing tower 54 and by the shift reactor 55, the carbon monoxide and steam in the syngas 16 are performed a shift reaction and are converted to carbon dioxide and hydrogen.
And, when the steam/carbon monoxide ratio in the syngas 16 at the entrance of the shift reactor 55 is smaller than the value necessary to obtain the target carbon monoxide conversion ratio, the feed rate of the steam 12 fed into the syngas 16 from the outside on the entrance side of the shift reactor 55 is increased.
The syngas 13 after the shift reaction by the shift reactor 55 is fed to an absorption tower 56 composing a gas cleanup unit for removing a sulfur compound from the syngas 13 and in the absorption tower 56 installed
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- 33 on the downstream side of the shift reactor 55, the syngas 13 is made contact with an absorption liquid 11 having a main component, for example, methyl diethanol amine, and a sulfur compound such as hydrogen sulfide included in the syngas 13 and carbon dioxide are removed, thus the syngas 13 including hydrogen as fuel is generated.
The temperature of the syngas 13 at the exit of the shift reactor 55 is 200 to 300°C, while the operation temperature of the absorption tower 56 is approximately 40°C, and the syngas 13 passes through the absorption tower 56, thus the temperature of the syngas 13 is lowered .
Therefore, the syngas 13 at the exit of the shift reactor 55, by a heat exchanger 73 positioned on the downstream side of the shift reactor 55 and on the upstream side of the absorption tower 56, is subjected to indirect heat exchange with the syngas 13 at the exit of the absorption tower 56 to lower the temperature, and the heat of the syngas 13 at the exit of the shift reactor 55 is given to the syngas 13 at the exit of the absorption tower 56, thus the heat loss of the syngas 13 is prevented.
Further, the temperature of the syngas 13 at the exit of the shift reactor 55, even after passing
2014202252 03 Sep 2018
- 34 through the heat exchanger 73, is higher than the operation temperature of the absorption tower 56, so that the system is structured so as to cool the syngas 13 by the heat exchanger 73 and then permit it to pass through the absorption tower 56.
The syngas 13 including the hydrogen, in which the sulfur compound included in the syngas 13 removed by the absorbing liquid 11 in the absorption tower 56 is raised in temperature by the heat exchanger 72 positioned on the downstream side of the shift reactor 55 and on the upstream side of the absorption tower 56 from the absorption tower 56, is fed to the gas turbine combustor 60 composing the gas turbine unit as fuel, is burned by the gas turbine combustor 60, generates the high-temperature combustion exhaust
gas 14, and drives the gas turbine 62 by the combustion
exhaust gas 14 .
The gas turbine 62 drives the gas turbine
compressor 61 and the gas turbine generator 63 and generates power by the gas turbine generator 63.
In the gas turbine combustor 60, air 26 for burning the syngas 13 of fuel including the hydrogen fed to the gas turbine combustor 60 is taken in from the atmosphere by the gas turbine compressor 61 and is pressurized.
2014202252 03 Sep 2018
- 35 On the entrance side of the gas turbine compressor 61, liquid spray water 9 is sprayed into the air 26 and the heat generated when the air 26 is compressed by the gas turbine compressor 61 is used to gasify the spray water 9, and the temperature rise of the air 26 is prevented, and the heat loss in correspondence with compression is prevented.
The syngas 16 after dust removal by the dust remover 53 removes halogen by the water washing tower 54 and is fed to the shift reactor 55. When the syngas 16 after dust removal passes through the water washing tower 54, the temperature of the syngas 16 is lowered, so that indirect heat exchange is performed between the syngas 16 of the exit gas of the water washing tower 54 and the syngas 16 after removed dust by the dust remover 53 at the heat exchanger 71, thus the heat loss is reduced.
When the steam/carbon monoxide ratio in the syngas 16 at the entrance of the shift reactor 55 is smaller than the value necessary to obtain the target carbon monoxide conversion ratio, at the entrance of the shift reactor 55, the steam 12 is fed from the outside at the entrance of the shift reactor 55.
The syngas 13 after the shift reaction by the shift reactor 55 is fed to the absorption tower 56 and is
2014202252 03 Sep 2018
- 36 made contact with the absorption liquid 11 having a main component of, for example, methyl diethanol amine, thus a sulfur compound such as hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide are removed.
The temperature of the syngas 13 at the exit of the shift reactor 55 is 200 to 300°C, while the operation temperature of the absorption tower 56 is approximately 40°C, and the syngas 13 passes through the absorption tower 56, thus the temperature of the syngas 13 is lowered, so that the syngas 13 at the exit of the shift reactor 55 is subjected to indirect heat exchange with the syngas at the exit of the absorption tower 56 and the heat of the syngas at the exit of the shift reactor 55 is given to the syngas at the exit of the absorption tower 56, thus the heat loss is prevented.
Further, the temperature of the syngas at the exit of the shift reactor 55 is higher than the operation temperature of the absorption tower 56 even after passing through the heat exchanger 73, so that the syngas is cooled by the heat exchanger 73 and then passes through the absorption tower 56.
The syngas 13 in which the sulfur compound removed by the absorption tower 56 is fed to the gas turbine combustor 60 as fuel. The air 26 for burning the syngas 13 is pressurized by the gas turbine
2014202252 03 Sep 2018
- 37 compressor 61.
At the entrance of the gas turbine compressor 61, the liquid spray water 9 is sprayed and the heat generated when the air 26 is compressed by the gas turbine compressor 61 is used for gasifying the spray water 9, so that the temperature rise of the air 26 is prevented and the heat loss in correspondence with compression is prevented.
The coal gasification combined cycle system of this embodiment is structured, in the dryer 40 for drying the coal 1 by using the combustion exhaust gas 14 of the gas turbine, regarding the recovery of the moisture included in the combustion exhaust gas 14a discharged from the exit of the dryer 40, so as to firstly lead the exhaust gas 14a to a dust remover 41 installed on the downstream side of the dryer 40, remove small particles of coal scattered into the exhaust gas 14a, next lead the exhaust gas 14a to the condensed heat exchanger 70 installed on the downstream side of the dust remover 41 and cool it, thereby condense a part of the steam in the exhaust gas 14a, furthermore, lead the exhaust gas 14a to the water recovery tower 65 installed on the downstream side of the condensed heat exchanger 70, permit the liquid water 10 sprayed from the outside to the water recovery tower 65 and the
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- 38 exhaust gas 14a to make contact with each other by the water recovery tower 65, thus condense a large part of the residual steam in the exhaust gas 14a, and recover it as liquid water 14b.
Further, the water feed rate of the water 10 to the water recovery tower 65 which is fed the water 10 from the outside is controlled by measuring the water surface level of the water recovery tower 65 by a level gauge 91 and so that the measured value by the level gauge 91 enters the regulated range, operating the switching of the flow rate adjustment valve 81 for feeding the water 10 to the water recovery tower 65.
In the coal gasification combined cycle system for generating power using coal including much moisture as fuel, the heat loss for drying coal is large, though according to this embodiment, the heat used for coal drying can be collected as sensible heat of the syngas in the gasifier or at the exit of the cooling tower.
In the coal gasification combined cycle system of this embodiment, the steam in the syngas, in the shift reactor on the downstream side, reacts with carbon monoxide and is converted to hydrogen and carbon dioxide, so that even when the gas is lowered in temperature and is cleaned up on the downstream side of the shift reactor, the heat loss due to condensation of
2014202252 03 Sep 2018
- 39 the steam is small and a large part of the heat used for coal drying can be given to the power generation by the gas turbine.
And, the temperature of the combustion gas at the 5 gas turbine entrance can be set at 1300°C to 1500°C and at a higher temperature than the power generation by the steam turbine using steam at approximately 200°C, the thermal cycle can be driven, so that the efficiency is high and the heat loss can be reduced excessively.
Further, when adjusting the hydrogen/carbon monoxide ratio in the syngas in the coal gasification system or in a carbon dioxide collection type coal gasification combined cycle system, to perform the shift reaction for the syngas, though depending on the property of the shift catalyst, a large quantity of industrial water on the same level as the mass of carbon in the coal is necessary, while according to this embodiment, the moisture possessed by the coal can be given to the syngas, so that the industrial water is unnecessary and the running cost can be reduced excessively .
As mentioned above, according to this embodiment, a coal gasification combined cycle system capable of adjusting the carbon-monoxide and hydrogen ratio in the syngas generated by the gasifier due to the shift
2014202252 03 Sep 2018
- 40 reaction of the shift reaction unit and improving the plant efficiency can be realized.
{Embodiment 4}
Next, the coal gasification combined cycle system which is the fourth embodiment will be explained by referring to Fig. 4.
The coal gasification combined cycle system of this embodiment shown in Fig. 4 is the same in the basic constitution as the coal gasification combined cycle system of the third embodiment shown in Fig. 3, so that the explanation of the constitution common to the two is omitted and only the different constitution will be explained below.
In the coal gasification combined cycle system of the third embodiment shown in Fig. 3, the method of spraying and feeding the water 14d recovered from the exhaust gas 14a at the exit of the dryer 40 to a heat collection portion 51 on the downstream side of the reaction portion of the gasifier 50 at several stages is shown, though the coal gasification combined cycle system of this embodiment shown in Fig. 4 is structured so as to install a cooling tower 52 in a position on the downstream side of the gasifier 50 and on the upstream side of the dust remover 53 and spray and feed the water 14b recovered from the water recovery
2014202252 03 Sep 2018
- 41 tower 65 to the cooling tower 52 via the condensed heat exchanger 70 through the water feed system 15.
In the coal gasification system provided in the coal gasification combined cycle system of this embodiment, a coal gasification system having the same basic constitution as that of the second embodiment shown in Fig. 2 is used.
In the coal gasification combined cycle system of this embodiment, the feed rate of the water 14b fed to the cooling tower 52, similarly to the coal gasification combined cycle system of the third embodiment shown in Fig. 3, in the water gas shift reactor 55 installed on the downstream side of the gasifier 50 and the dust remover 53, so that the 15 steam/carbon monoxide ratio in the syngas 20 is set within the range necessary to obtain the target carbon monoxide conversion ratio, is adjusted.
Namely, the system is structured such that a plant information-operation target 87 such as the coal feed rate and oxygen feed rate to the gasifier 50, the performance of the shift reaction catalyst filled in the water gas shift reactor 55, and the target carbon monoxide conversion ratio is inputted into a control unit 86 and the control unit 86 calculates respectively the flow rate and steam/carbon monoxide ratio of the
2014202252 03 Sep 2018
- 42 exit gas of the gasifier 50 and the steam concentration/carbon monoxide ratio which is necessary at the entrance of the water gas shift reactor 55, obtains the necessary feed rate of the water 14b using these calculated values, and so as to be able to feed the feed rate of the water 14b to the cooling tower 52 installed on the downstream side of the gasifier 50 in this embodiment in place of the heat collection portion 51 of the gasifier 50 of the third embodiment, on the basis of an operational signal outputted from the control unit 86, controls the switching of a flow rate adjustment valve 80 installed in the water feed system 15, and adjusts the feed rate of the water 14b fed from the water recovery tower 65 through the water feed system 15 to the heat collection portion 51 of the gasifier 5 0.
In the coal gasification combined cycle system for generating power using coal including much moisture as fuel, the heat loss for drying coal is large, though according to this embodiment, the heat used for coal drying can be collected as sensible heat of the syngas in the gasifier or at the exit of the cooling tower.
In the coal gasification combined cycle system of this embodiment, the steam in the syngas, in the shift reactor on the downstream side, reacts with carbon
2014202252 03 Sep 2018
- 43 monoxide and is converted to hydrogen and carbon dioxide, so that even when the gas is lowered in temperature and is cleaned up on the downstream side of the shift reactor, the heat loss due to condensation of the steam is small and a large part of the heat used for coal drying can be given to the power generation by the gas turbine.
And, the temperature of the combustion gas at the gas turbine entrance can be set at 1300°C to 1500°C and at a higher temperature than the power generation by the steam turbine using steam at approximately 200°C, the thermal cycle can be driven, so that the efficiency is high and the heat loss can be reduced excessively. Further, when adjusting the hydrogen/carbon monoxide ratio in the syngas in the coal gasification system or in the carbon dioxide collection type coal gasification combined cycle system, to perform the shift reaction for the syngas, though depending on the property of the shift catalyst, a large quantity of industrial water on the same level as the mass of carbon in the coal is necessary, while according to this embodiment, the moisture possessed by the coal can be given to the syngas, so that the industrial water is unnecessary and the running cost can be reduced excessively.
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- 44 As mentioned above, according to this embodiment, a coal gasification combined cycle system capable of adjusting the carbon monoxide and hydrogen ratio in the syngas generated by the gasifier due to the shift reaction of the shift reaction unit and improving the plant efficiency can be realized.
{Embodiment 5}
Next, the coal gasification combined cycle system which is the fifth embodiment will be explained by referring to Fig. 5.
The coal gasification combined cycle system of this embodiment shown in Fig. 5 is the same in the basic constitution as the coal gasification combined cycle system of the fourth embodiment shown in Fig. 4, so that the explanation of the constitution common to the two is omitted and only the different constitution will be explained below.
In the coal gasification system provided in the coal gasification combined cycle system of this embodiment, similarly to the coal gasification system of the fourth embodiment, a coal gasification system having the same basic constitution as that of the second embodiment shown in Fig. 2 is used.
In the coal gasification combined cycle system of this embodiment, two water recovery systems for
2014202252 03 Sep 2018
- 45 condensing and recovering the moisture contained in the combustion exhaust gas discharged from the gas turbine 62 are arranged.
Among the two water recovery systems arranged to condense and recover the moisture contained by the combustion exhaust gas 14 of the gas turbine, one side of the water recovery system 15a is structured so as to permit the combustion exhaust gas 14 discharged from the gas turbine 62 to be used to dry the coal 1 by the coal dryer 40, then feed it to the water recovery tower 65 via a condensed heat exchanger 70a as combustion exhaust gas 14a, and feed the water 14b recovered from the combustion exhaust gas 14a by the water recovery tower 65 to the cooling tower 52 installed on the downstream side of the gasifier 50 from the water recovery tower 65 through the water feed system 15a.
Further, as shown in the coal gasification combined cycle system of the third embodiment shown in Fig. 3, as a feed destination of the water 14b recovered by the water recovery tower 65, the water can be fed to the gasifier heat collection portion 51 on the downstream side of the reaction portion of the gasifier 50.
In the coal gasification combined cycle system of this embodiment, among the two water recovery systems
2014202252 03 Sep 2018
- 46 arranged to condense and recover the moisture contained in the combustion exhaust gas 14 of the gas turbine, the other side of the water recovery system 16, as shown in the coal gasification combined cycle system of this embodiment shown in Fig. 5, is structured so as to branch the combustion exhaust gas 14 discharged from the gas turbine 62 from the upstream side of the coal dryer 40 and feed it to a water recovery tower 67 installed separately from the water recovery tower 65 via a condensed heat exchanger 70b, recover the water 16b from the combustion exhaust gas 14 by the water recovery tower 67, and feed the water 16b recovered from the water recovery tower 67 to a humidifying tower 64 for humidifying air pressurized by the gas turbine compressor 61 through the water feed system 15b.
And, the air humidified by spraying the water 16a by the humidifying tower 64 is fed to the gas turbine combustor 60 and is used to burn fuel by the gas turbine combustor 60 to generate combustion gas, and the combustion gas is fed to the gas turbine 62 to drive the gas turbine 62.
As mentioned above, when arranging the water recovery system for recovering the moisture contained in the combustion exhaust gas 14 of the gas turbine as
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- 47 two systems of the water feed system 15a and the water feed system 16b, the combustion exhaust gas 14a at the exit of the dryer 40 is not fed to the gas turbine 62, so that even when an fault occurs in the dust remove unit 41 installed on the exit side of the dryer 40 and minute particles are mixed in the combustion exhaust gas 14a at the exit of the dryer 40, the minute particles are not fed to the gas turbine 62, so that the risk of damaging the blades of the gas turbine 62 rotating at high speed can be reduced.
Further, even if the fault occurs in the dust remove unit 41 and the minute particles are mixed into the combustion exhaust gas 14a discharged from the exit of the dryer 40 and flow into the water recovery tower 65, and even if, in correspondence with the liquid water 14b recovered by the water recovery tower 65, the minute particles are fed into the cooling tower 52 installed on the downstream side of the gasifier 50, and on the downstream side of the cooling tower 52, the dust remover 53 for removing dust from the syngas 16 fed from the gasifier 50 is installed, so that the minute particles can be removed by the dust remover 53, thus the minute particles do not reach the gas turbine 62.
The coal gasification combined cycle system of this
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- 48 embodiment is structured so as to, by separating to the combustion exhaust gas 14a (it is highly possible that minute particles are included) with the coal 1 dried by the dryer 40 and the combustion exhaust gas 14 discharged from the gas turbine 62 branching on the upstream side of the dryer 40, feed them respectively to the water recovery towers 65 and 67 and recover the water 14b and 16b from the combustion exhaust gases 14a and 14, so that even when humidified air is fed to the gas turbine combustor 60 from the water recovery tower 67 via the humidifying tower 64, it can be avoided that the minute particles are mixed into the humidifying tower 64 and are fed to the gas turbine 62 as humidified air, thus the damage risk of the blades of the gas turbine 62 rotating at high speed can be reduced .
As mentioned above, according to this embodiment, a coal gasification combined cycle system capable of adjusting the carbon monoxide and hydrogen ratio in the syngas generated by the gasifier due to the shift reaction of the shift reaction unit and improving the plant efficiency can be realized.
{Embodiment 6}
Next, the coal gasification combined cycle system which is the sixth embodiment will be explained by
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- 49 referring to Fig. 6.
The coal gasification combined cycle system of this embodiment shown in Fig. 6 is the same in the basic constitution as the coal gasification combined cycle system of the fifth embodiment shown in Fig. 5, so that the explanation of the constitution common to the two is omitted and only the different constitution will be explained below.
In the coal gasification system provided in the coal gasification combined cycle system of this embodiment, similarly to the coal gasification system of the fifth embodiment, a coal gasification system having the same basic constitution as that of the second embodiment shown in Fig. 2 is used.
In the coal gasification combined cycle system of this embodiment, as a coal drying method, when a method of continuously drying coal, for example, a method of permitting the coal to make contact with the combustion exhaust gas by transferring the coal from the entrance of the dryer to the exit thereof by a belt conveyer is used, as for the dryer for drying the coal 1, by one dryer, a system can be constructed.
As a coal drying method, in a batch type, for example, in a method of fluidizing and drying coal by combustion exhaust gas with the dryer filled with a
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- 50 fixed amount of coal, for example, as shown in Fig. 6, it is desirable to install two or more dryers for drying the coal 1 such as a dryer 40a and a dryer 40b in parallel.
The reason is that if the feed of the water 14b recovered from the combustion exhaust gas 14a of the gas turbine 62 by the water recovery tower 65 to the cooling tower 52 installed on the downstream side of the gasifier 50 is stopped, for the quantity, the feed of the steam 12 fed to the shift reactor 55 from the outside on the entrance side of the shift reactor 55 becomes necessary.
When as a dryer for drying the coal 1, two dryers of the dryer 40a and the dryer 40b are installed, while the combustion exhaust gas 14 passes through one side of the dryer 40a from the gas turbine 62, the feed of the combustion exhaust gas 14 to the other side of the dryer 40b from the gas turbine 62 is stopped, and the coal 1 in the other side of the dryer 40b is discharged to the coal feed system for feeding coal to the gaisifer 5 0.
When the coal discharge is finished, the other side of the dryer 40b is filled with the non-dried coal 1.
And, at the stage when the drying of the coal 1 by one side of the dryer 40a is completed, the feed of the
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- 51 combustion exhaust gas 14 which is fed from the gas turbine 62 to the one side of the dryer 40a is stopped and is switched to the feed of the combustion exhaust gas 14 to the other side of the dryer 40b from the gas turbine 62.
And, after the feed destination of the combustion exhaust gas 14 discharged from the gas turbine 62 is switched from one side of the dryer 40a to the other side of the dryer 40b, the dried coal 1 in one side of the dryer 40a is discharged to the coal feed system for feeding coal to the gasfier 50.
In the coal gasification combined cycle system of this embodiment, coal containing much moisture classified to brown coal and peat is gasified, and syngas having main components of carbon monoxide and hydrogen is produced, and it can be applied to the coal gasification system for synthesizing chemical products such as methanol from the syngas and the coal gasification combined cycle system for generating power using the syngas as fuel by the gas turbine.
As mentioned above, according to this embodiment, a coal gasification combined cycle system capable of adjusting the carbon monoxide and hydrogen ratio in the syngas generated by the gasifier due to the shift reaction of the shift reaction unit and improving the
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- 52 plant efficiency can be realized.
Throughout this specification and the claims which follow, unless the context requires otherwise, the word comprise, and variations such as comprises and comprising, will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated integer or step or group of integers or steps but not the exclusion of any other integer or step or group of integers or steps.
The reference in this specification to any prior publication (or information derived from it), or to any matter which is known, is not, and should not be taken as an acknowledgment or admission or any form of suggestion that that prior publication (or information derived from it) or known matter forms part of the common general knowledge in the field of endeavor to which this specification relates.
While various embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it should be understood that they have been presented by way of example only, and not by way of limitation. It will be apparent to a person skilled in the relevant art that various changes in form and detail can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Thus, the present invention should not be limited by any of the above described exemplary embodiments.
2014202252 03 Sep 2018

Claims (8)

  1. THE CLAIMS DEFINING THE INVENTION ARE AS FOLLOWS:
    l.A coal gasification system comprising:
    a dryer for drying coal by combustion exhaust gas and permitting the combustion exhaust gas to contain
    5 moisture in the coal in a gas state;
    a gasifier for feeding the coal dried by the dryer and an oxidizing agent, permitting the coal to react with the oxidizing agent, and generating gasified syngas;
    10 a dust remover installed on a downstream side of the gasifier for removing small particles in the syngas fed from the gasifier;
    a condensed heat exchanger installed on the downstream side of the dryer for cooling the combustion
    15 exhaust gas after the coal is dried by the dryer and converting moisture in the combustion exhaust gas to a
    1i qu i d;
    a water recovery tower installed on a downstream side of the condensed heat exchanger for leading the
    20 combustion exhaust gas via the condensed heat exchanger and water condensed by the condensed heat exchanger and recovering the water from the combustion exhaust gas;
    a water feed system arranged so as to lead the water recovered from the combustion exhaust gas by the
    25 water recovery tower to the condensed heat exchanger;
    2014202252 03 Sep 2018
    - 54 permit indirect heat exchange with the combustion exhaust gas to raise temperature, and feed the water raised in temperature by the condensed heat exchanger to the gasifier or a downstream side of the gasifier;
    5 and a shift reaction unit installed on a downstream side of the dust remover for leading the syngas removed the small particles by the dust remover and steam, permitting carbon monoxide and steam in the syngas to
    10 perform a shift reaction, and converting them to carbon dioxide and hydrogen.
  2. 2. The coal gasification system according to Claim 1, wherein :
    a cooling tower for cooling the syngas fed from the
    15 gasifier is installed on the downstream of the gasifier and on an upstream side of the dust remover; and the water feed system is arranged so as to feed the water raised in temperature by the condensed heat exchanger to the cooling tower installed on the
    20 downstream side of the gasifier.
  3. 3. A coal gasification combined cycle system comprising :
    a dryer for drying coal, a gasifier for permitting the coal dried by the dryer and an oxidizing agent to
    25 react and generating gasified syngas; a shift reaction
    2014202252 03 Sep 2018
    - 55 unit installed on a downstream side of the gasifier for permitting carbon monoxide and steam in the syngas generated by the gasifier to perform a shift reaction and converting them to carbon dioxide and hydrogen; a
    5 gas cleanup unit installed on a downstream side of the shift reaction unit for removing a sulfur compound and others from the syngas after the shift reaction; and a gas turbine unit for burning the syngas cleaned-up by the gas cleanup unit as fuel to generate power,
    10 wherein:
    the dryer is structured so as to feed combustion exhaust gas discharged from a gas turbine of the gas turbine unit, dry the coal in the dryer, permit the combustion exhaust gas to contain moisture in the coal,
    15 and feed the dried coal to the gasifier which is gasified by permitting the dried coal to react with an oxidizing agent;
    a first dust remover is installed on a downstream side of the gasifier for removing small particles in
    20 the syngas fed from the gasifier;
    a second dust remover is installed on a downstream side of the dryer for removing small particles included in the combustion exhaust gas discharged from the dryer;
    25 a condensed heat exchanger is installed on a
    2014202252 03 Sep 2018
    - 56 downstream side of the second dust remover for drying the coal by the dryer, then cooling the combustion exhaust gas, and converting moisture in the combustion exhaust gas to a liquid;
    5 a water recovery tower is installed on a downstream side of the condensed heat exchanger for leading the combustion exhaust gas via the condensed heat exchanger and the water condensed by the condensed heat exchanger and recovering the water from the combustion exhaust
    10 gas;
    a first water feed system is arranged so as to lead the water recovered from the combustion exhaust gas by the water recovery tower to the condensed heat exchanger, perform indirect heat exchange with the
    15 combustion exhaust gas to raise temperature, and feed the water raised in temperature by the condensed heat exchanger to a unit positioned on the downstream side of the gasifier;
    a second water feed system is arranged so as to
    20 branch the water recovered from the combustion exhaust gas by the water recovery tower from the first water feed system and feed it to a humidifier for humidifying air which is pressurized by a gas turbine compressor of the gas turbine unit and is fed to a gas turbine
    25 combustor; and
    2014202252 03 Sep 2018
    - 57 a shift reaction unit is installed on the downstream side of the first dust remover for leading the syngas removed the small particles by the dust remover, permitting carbon monoxide and steam in the
    5 syngas to perform the shift reaction, and converting them to carbon dioxide and hydrogen.
  4. 4. The coal gasification combined cycle system according to Claim 3, wherein:
    the first water feed system is arranged so as to
    10 feed the water raised in temperature by the condensed heat exchanger to a heat recovery portion of the gasifier, which is the unit installed on the downstream side of the gasifier or a cooling tower for cooling the syngas generated by the gasifier.
    15 5. A coal gasification combined cycle system comprising :
    a dryer for drying coal, a gasifier for permitting the coal dried by the dryer and an oxidizing agent to react and generating gasified syngas, a shift reaction
    20 unit installed on a downstream side of the gasifier for permitting carbon monoxide and steam in the syngas generated by the gasifier to perform to a shift reaction and converting them to carbon dioxide and hydrogen, a gas cleanup unit installed on a downstream
    25 side of the shift reaction unit for removing a sulfur
    2014202252 03 Sep 2018
    - 58 compound and others from the syngas after the shift reaction, and a gas turbine unit for burning the syngas cleaned-up by the gas cleanup unit as fuel to generate power, wherein the dryer is structured so as to feed
  5. 5 the combustion exhaust gas discharged from a gas turbine of the gas turbine unit, dry the coal in the dryer, permit the combustion exhaust gas to include moisture in the coal, and feed the dried coal to the gasifier which is gasified by permitting the dried coal
    10 to react with an oxidizing agent;
    a first dust remover is installed on a downstream side of the gasifier for removing small particles in the syngas fed from the gasifier;
    a second dust remover is installed on a downstream
    15 side of the dryer for removing small particles included in the combustion exhaust gas discharged from the dryer;
    a first condensed heat exchanger is installed on a downstream side of the second dust remover for drying
    20 the coal by the dryer, then cooling the combustion exhaust gas, and converting moisture in the combustion exhaust gas to a liquid, a first water recovery tower is installed on a downstream side of the first condensed heat exchanger for leading the combustion
    25 exhaust gas via the first condensed heat exchanger and
    2014202252 03 Sep 2018
    - 59 water condensed by the first condensed heat exchanger and recovering water from the combustion exhaust gas;
    a first water feed system is arranged so as to lead the water recovered from the combustion exhaust gas by
    5 the first water recovery tower to the first condensed heat exchanger, perform indirect heat exchange with the combustion exhaust gas to raise temperature, and feed the water raised in temperature by the first condensed heat exchanger to a cooling tower installed on the
    10 downstream side of the gasifier for cooling the syngas generated by the gasifier;
    a second condensed heat exchanger for branching and leading the combustion exhaust gas discharged from the gas turbine of the gas turbine unit on an upstream side
    15 of the dryer, cooling the branched and led combustion exhaust gas, and converting the moisture in the combustion exhaust gas to a liquid;
    a second water recovery tower is installed on a downstream side of the second condensed heat exchanger
    20 for recovering water from the combustion exhaust gas via the second condensed heat exchanger;
    a second water feed system is arranged so as to lead the water recovered from the combustion exhaust gas by the second water recovery tower to the second
    25 condensed heat exchanger, perform indirect heat
    2014202252 03 Sep 2018
    - 60 exchange with the combustion exhaust gas to raise temperature, and feed the water raised in temperature by the second condensed heat exchanger to a humidifier for humidifying air which is pressurized by the gas
    5 turbine compressor of the gas turbine unit and is fed to the gas turbine combustor; and a shift reaction unit is installed on the downstream side of the first dust remover for leading the syngas removed the small particles by the first
    10 dust remover and steam , permitting carbon monoxide and steam in the syngas to perform the shift reaction, and converting them to carbon dioxide and hydrogen.
  6. 6. The coal gasification combined cycle system according to Claim 5, wherein:
    15 a plurality of the dryers are arranged in parallel so as to feed the combustion exhaust gas discharged from the gas turbine of the gas turbine unit to the plurality of dryers, dry the coal in the driers, permit the combustion exhaust gas to include moisture in the
    20 coal, and feed the dried coal to the gasifier which is gasfied by permitting the dried coal to react with the oxidizing agent; and the second dust remover for removing small particles contained in the combustion exhaust gas
    25 discharged from the dryers is installed on the
    2014202252 03 Sep 2018
    - 61 downstream side of the plurality of dryers which is arranged in parallel.
  7. 7. The coal gasification combined cycle system according to any one of Claims 3 to 6, wherein:
    5 a control unit is installed for calculating a flow rate and a gas composition of the syngas generated by the gasifier from a feed rate of the coal fed to the gasifier and a feed rate of the oxidizing agent; calculating a steam/carbon monoxide ratio on an
    10 entrance side of the water gas shift reactor which is necessary to obtain a target carbon monoxide conversion ratio on the basis of the calculated syngas flow rate and gas composition, and calculating a water feed rate necessary to obtain a calculated value of this
    15 steam/carbon monoxide ratio; and a water feed rate for feeding to a heat collection portion of the gasifier from the water recovery tower or the cooling tower on the downstream side of the gasifier is adjusted by the control unit on the basis
    20 of the calculated water feed rate.
  8. 8. The coal gasification combined cycle system according to Claim 7, wherein:
    the control unit calculates a water feed rate fed to the heat collection portion of the gasifier or the
    25 cooling tower on the downstream side of the gasifier on
    2014202252 03 Sep 2018
    - 62 the basis of a thermometer of the syngas installed on the entrance side of the first dust remover installed on the downstream side of the gasifier, so that a temperature of the syngas becomes a regulated value or
    5 lower.
    1/5
    2014202252 24 Apr 2014
    FIG. 1
    FIG. 2 s
    OXIDIZING
    AGENT
    2/5
    2014202252 24 Apr 2014 ο
    3/5
    2014202252 24 Apr 2014 ο
    co
    4/5
    2014202252 24 Apr 2014 ο
    HQ o2 w co co
    5/5
    2014202252 24 Apr 2014
    CO co
AU2014202252A 2013-04-26 2014-04-24 Coal gasification system and coal gasification combined cycle system Active AU2014202252B2 (en)

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US20120056431A1 (en) * 2009-05-22 2012-03-08 The University Of Wyoming Research Corporation D/B/A Western Research Institute Efficient Low Rank Coal Gasification, Combustion, and Processing Systems and Methods

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