AU2013100986A4 - Antimicrobial hand sanitizer designed to be carried in a pocket. - Google Patents

Abstract

The present disclosure generally relates to antimicrobial hand sanitizers, including alcohol, triclosan, chlorhexadine, phenoxyethanol, essential oils which are effective in killing microorganisms while at the same time providing a deodorizing benefit to the users skin and pockets. More particularly the deodorant sanitizers combination placed in a therefore designed container are so composed that a carrier vaporizes and hence transports the disinfectant into the direct ambiance of the described container which, carried in a pocket will generate a sterile zone, a germ-free micro ecosystem which disinfecting vapours will sanitize any hand placed in the pocket over s specific period of time. -4 Ma -44 -4/4 0 oA ---- A-----

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present disclosure generally relates to antimicrobial hand sanitizers, including but not limiting to alcohol, triclosan, chlorhexadine, octenidine dihydrochloride, phenoxyethanol, polyhexanide, essential oils, which are effective in killing microorganisms while at the same time providing a deodorizing benefit to the users skin and pockets. More particularly the deodorant sanitizers combination placed in a therefore designed container are so composed that a volatile carrier substance due to its specific vaporpressure vaporizes at room temperature or /and hence transports the disinfectant as a form of gaseous intermixture into the direct ambiance of the described container which, carried in a pocket will generate a sterile zone, a germ-free micro ecosystem which disinfecting vapours will disinfect any hand placed in the pocket over a specific period of time. The combined vaporpressure of the substances ensure a steady linear release of both, the antimicrobial agents as well as the deodorizing agents. The main ingredient of this invention is a mixture of deodorizers, antiseptics, binders, carriers, and adhesive agent formed into a repository which itself is then placed into a container. ANTISEPTICS Triclosan is an antibacterial and antifungal agent. It is a polychloro phenoxy phenol. Studies by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) found triclosan to be an effective antibacterial.Triclosan has been used since 1972, and it is present in soaps (0.10-1.00%), deodorants, toothpastes, mouth washes, and cleaning supplies, and is infused in an increasing number of consumer products, such as kitchen utensils, toys, bedding, socks, and trash bags. Triclosan has been shown to be effective in reducing and controlling bacterial contamination on the hands and on treated products. More recently, showering or bathing with 2% triclosan has become a recommended regimen in surgical units for the decolonization of patients whose skin is carrying methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) following the successful control of MRSA outbreaks in several clinical settings. Use in surgical units is effective with a minimum contact time of approximately 2 minutes. At in-use concentrations, triclosan acts as a biocide, with multiple cytoplasmic and membrane targets. At lower concentrations, however, triclosan appears bacteriostatic and is seen to target bacteria mainly by inhibiting fatty acid synthesis. Triclosan binds to bacterial enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase enzyme (ENR), which is encoded by the gene FabI. This binding increases the enzyme's affinity for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). This results in the formation of a stable ternary complex of ENR-NAD+-triclosan, which is unable to participate in fatty acid synthesis. Fatty acids are necessary for reproducing and building cell membranes. Humans do not have an ENR enzyme, and thus are not affected. Chlorhexidine is a chemical antiseptic. It is effective on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, although it is less effective with some Gram-negative bacteria. It has both bactericidal and bacteriostatic mechanisms of action, the mechanism of action being membrane disruption, not ATPase inactivation as previously thought. It is also useful against fungi and enveloped viruses. Chlorhexidine is harmful in high concentrations, but is used safely in low concentrations in many products, such as mouthwash and contact lens solutions. Chlorhexidine is used as a topical antiseptic skin scrub in hospital and household settings. It is used for general skin cleansing, as a surgical scrub, and as a pre-operative skin preparation. It is often used as a rubbing agent prior to the use of hypodermic or intravenous needles in place of iodine. Chlorhexidine is contraindicated for use near the meninges, in body cavities, and near the eyes and ears. At the 2% concentration, it can cause serious and permanent injury with prolonged contact with the eye or if instilled carefully and going through the nose through a perforated eardrum. Nevertheless, a topical solution of 0.02% chlorhexidine is recommended by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as treatment for keratitis caused by A canthamoeba. As a scrub, chlorhexidine is not recommended on persons under two months of age. Anionic ingredients in many leave-on topicals and cosmetics, including those in acne products, cleansers, and moisturizers, will inactivate it. Octenidine dihydrochloride is a cationic surfactant and bis-(dihydropyridinyl)-decane derivative, used in concentrations of 0.1-2.0%. It is similar in its action to the quaternary ammonium compounds (quats), but is of somewhat broader spectrum of activity. Polyhexanide (polyhexamethylene biguanide, PHMB) is a polymer used as a disinfectant and antiseptic. In dermatological use it is spelled polihexanide (INN) and sold under names such as Lavasept and Serasept. Some products containing PHMB are used for inter-operative irrigation, pre- and post-surgery skin and mucous membrane disinfection, post-operative dressings, surgical and non-surgical wound dressings, surgical bath/hydrotherapy, chronic wounds like diabetic foot ulcer and burn wound management, routine antisepsis during minor incisions, catheterization, scopy, first aid, surface disinfection, and linen disinfection. Phenoxyethanol is an organic chemical compound, a glycol ether often used in dermatological products such as skin creams and sunscreen. It is a colorless oily liquid. It is a bactericide (usually used in conjunction with quaternary ammonium compounds), often used in place of sodium azide in biological buffers as 2-phenoxyethanol is less toxic and non-reactive with copper and lead. It is used in many applications such as cosmetics, vaccines and pharmaceuticals as a preservative. In addition to the above mentioned antimicrobial agents, in certain embodiments the handsanitzer of the present disclosure may optionally further comprise other disinfectants or antimicrobial agents that contribute to the antimicrobial effect of the sanitizer. Suitable disinfectants include, for example, quaternium compounds, biguanidines, halogenated compounds, and combinations thereof. In preferred embodiments, the disinfectants are FDA approved or approved for use in the European Union. Examples of suitable FDA approved disinfectants are described in the Tentative Final Monograph for OTC Topical Antimicrobial Products (Federal Register, Jan. 6, 1978, 43 FR 1210: 1211-49, and in the Tentative Final Monograph for Healthcare Antiseptic Drug Products (Federal Register, Jun. 17, 1994, 59 FR 31402, 31402-52), herein incorporated by reference. It should be understood that the specific disinfectants and amounts thereof that are approved for use in the United States or European Union are subject to periodic change. As such, the specific examples and amounts set forth herein are not intended to be limiting. For example, for a product marketed in the United States, preferred disinfectants and concentrations (reported as a percentage by weight of the sanitizer) may include benzalkonium chloride, 2 benzethonium chloride, methylbenzethonium chloride, hexylresorcinol, chlorhexidine gluconate, para-chloro-meta-xylenol, chloroxylenol, cloflucarban, fluorosalan, hexachlorophene in, iodine complex (ammonium ether sulfate and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate), iodine complex (phosphate ester of alkylaryloxy polyethylene glycol), iodine tincture U.S.P., iodine topical solution U.S.P., nonylphenoxypoly (ethyleneoxy)ethanolidine, poloaxmer-iodine complex, triple dye, povidone-iodine, undecoylium chloride iodine complex, mercufenol chloride, methylbenzethonium chloride, phenol, secondary amyltricresols, sodium oxychlorosene, tribromsalan, triclocarban, triclosan, calomel/oxyquinoline benzoate/triethanolamine/phenyl derivative combination, and mercufenol chloride/secondary amyltricresols. Combinations of these disinfectants may also be used. Preferably, the disinfectant is selected from the group consisting of chlorhexidine, chloroxylenol, hexachlorophene, iodine, iodophors, quaternium ammonium compounds such as benzalkonium chloride or benzethonium chloride, triclosan, and combinations thereof. DEODORZIERS /FRAGRANCES Eucalyptus oil, historically used as a germicide. Lemon oil, similar in fragrance to the fruit. Unlike other essential oils, lemon oil is usually cold pressed. Used medicinally, as an antiseptic Lime, anti septic, Rosemary oil, distilled from the flowers of Rosmarinus officinalis. Used in aromatherapy, topically to sooth muscles, and medicinal for its antibacterial and antifungal properties Tea tree oil, distilled from Melaleuca alternifolia, used medicinally. Being a powerful antiseptic, antibacterial, and antiviral agent, tea tree's ability to fight infection is excellent. Wintergreen can be used as an analgesic, anodyne, anti rheumatic & anti arthritic, anti spasmodic, anti septic, aromatic, astringent, carminative, diuretic, emenagogue and stimulant Ylang-ylang is used for calming, antiseptic, and aphrodisiac purposes, as well as hypertension and skin diseases Geranium, a modern analysis listed the presence of over 50 organic compounds in the essential oil of P. graveolens from an Australian source. Analyses of Indian geranium oils indicated a similar phytochemical profile, and showed that the major constituents (in terms of % composition) were citronellol + nerol and geraniol. The essential oil of Melaleuca quinquenervia is used in a variety of cosmetic products especially in Australia. The oil is reported in herbalism and natural medicine to work as an antiseptic and antibacterial agent, to help with bladder infections, respiratory troubles and catarrh. The oil has a very low (level 0) hazard score on the Cosmetic Safety Basebase Rosewood oil is a valuable essential oil, especially in perfumery. It contains the substance linalool, which has a number of uses. In addition to the above mentioned antimicrobial essential oils, in certain embodiments the handsanitzer of the present disclosure may optionally further comprise other essential oils 3 that contribute to the antimicrobial effect and/or fragrance of the sanitizer. BINDER Gum arabic, also known as acacia gum, chaar gund, char goond, or meska, is a natural gum made of hardened sap taken from two species of the acacia tree; Senegalia senegal and Vachellia seyal. Gum arabic is a complex mixture of glycoproteins and polysaccharides. It was historically the source of the sugars arabinose and ribose, both of which were first discovered and isolated from it, and are named after it. Gum arabic is used primarily in the food industry as a stabilizer. It is edible and has E number E414. Gum arabic is a key ingredient in traditional lithography and is used in printing, paint production, glue, cosmetics and various industrial applications, including viscosity control in inks and in textile industries, although less expensive materials compete with it for many of these roles Gum arabic's mixture of polysaccharides and glycoproteins gives it the properties of a glue and binder which is edible by humans. Other substances have replaced it in situations where their toxicity is not an issue, as the proportions of the various chemicals in gum arabic vary widely and make it unpredictable. Still, it remains an important ingredient in soft drink syrups, "hard" gummy candies such as gumdrops, marshmallows, M&M's chocolate candies, and edible glitter, a very popular, modem cake-decorating staple. For artists, it is the traditional binder used in watercolor paint, in photography for gum printing, and it is used as a binder in pyrotechnic compositions. Pharmaceuticals and cosmetics also use the gum as a binder, emulsifying agent and a suspending or viscosity increasing agent. Gum arabic has been used in the past as a wine fining agent. Tragacanth is a natural gum obtained from the dried sap of several species of Middle Eastern legumes of the genus Astragalus, including A. adscendens, A. gummifer, A. brachycalyx, and A. tragacanthus. Gum tragacanth is a viscous, odorless, tasteless, water-soluble mixture of polysaccharides obtained from sap which is drained from the root of the plant and dried. The gum seeps from the plant in twisted ribbons or flakes which can be powdered. It absorbs water to become a gel, which can be stirred into a paste. The gum is used in vegetable-tanned leatherworking as an edge slicking and burnishing compound, and is occasionally used as a stiffener in textiles. The alkaloid it contains has historically been used as an herbal remedy for such conditions as cough and diarrhea. As a mucilage or paste, it has been used as a topical treatment for burns. It is used in pharmaceuticals and foods as an emulsifier, thickener, stabilizer, and texturant additive (code E413). Also, it is the traditional binder used in the making of artists' pastels, as it does not adhere to itself the same way other gums (such as gum arabic) do when dry. Gum Karaya is a vegetable gum produced as an exudate by trees of the genus Sterculia. Chemically, gum karaya is an acid polysaccharide composed of the sugars galactose, rhamnose and galacturonic acid. It is used as a thickener and emulsifier in foods, as a laxative, and as a denture adhesive. It is also used to adulterate Gum Tragacanth due to their similar physical characteristics. As a food additive it has E number E416. Frankincense is tapped from the scraggly but hardy trees by slashing the bark, which is called striping, and allowing the exuded resin to bleed out and harden. These hardened resins are called tears. There are several species and varieties of frankincense trees, each producing a slightly different type of resin. Differences in soil and climate create even more diversity of the resin, even within the same species. 4 Carnauba consists mostly of aliphatic esters (40 wt%), diesters of 4-hydroxycinnamic acid (21.0 wt%), co-hydroxycarboxylic acids (13.0 wt%), and fatty acid alcohols (12 wt%). The compounds are predominantly derived from acids and alcohols in the C26-C30 range. Distinctive for carnauba wax is the high content of diesters as well as methoxycinnamic acid. Carnauba wax is sold in several grades, labeled TI, T3, and T4, depending on the purity level. Purification is accomplished by filtration, centrifugation, and bleaching VOLATILE CARRIER SUBSTANCE Alcohol In chemistry, an alcohol is an organic compound in which the hydroxyl functional group (-0 H) is bound to a carbon atom. In particular, this carbon centre should be saturated, having single bonds to three other atoms. Ethanol can be used as an antiseptic to disinfect the skin before injections are given, often along with iodine. Ethanol-based soaps are becoming common in restaurants and are convenient because they do not require drying due to the volatility of the compound. Alcohol based gels have become common as hand sanitizers. Propylene glycol, also called 1,2-propanediol or propane-1,2-diol, is an organic compound (a diol or double alcohol) with formula C3H802. It is a colorless, nearly odorless, clear, viscous liquid with a faintly sweet taste, hygroscopic and miscible with water, acetone, and chloroform. Isopropyl alcohol is a common name for a chemical compound with the molecular formula C3H80 or C3H70H. It is a colorless, flammable chemical compound with a strong odor. It is the simplest example of a secondary alcohol, where the alcohol carbon is attached to two other carbons sometimes shown as (CH3)2CHOH. It is a structural isomer of propanol. 1-Propanol is a primary alcohol with the formula CH3CH2CH2OH. This colorless liquid is also known as propan-l -ol, 1-propyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, n-propanol, or simply propanol. It is an isomer of isopropanol (2-propanol, isopropyl alcohol). CONTAINER The invention comprises a container made from moldable material. Due to the nature of the contents of the container it has to withstand a variety of potentially corrosive substances. The following types of moldable material are suitable for the said container. ABS (Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene) is ideal for residential and commercial sanitary (DWV) systems. With a working pressure up to 230 psi, ABS is also suitable for industrial applications such as mine slurry lines. Temperature range is -40*C(-40*F) to 82'C (1 80'F). ABS is resistant to a wide variety of materials ranging from sewage to household chemicals. High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) is the most widely used resin for moldable material bottles. This material is economical, impact resistant, and provides a good moisture barrier. HDPE is compatible with a wide range of products including acids and caustics but is not compatible with 5 solvents. It is supplied in FDA approved food grade. HDPE is naturally translucent and flexible. The addition of color will make HDPE opaque although not glossy. HDPE lends itself readily to silk screen decoration. While HDPE provides good protection at below freezing temperatures, it cannot be used with products filled at over 160 *F (71C) or products requiring a hermetic (vacuum) seal. Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) is similar to HDPE in composition. It is less rigid and generally less chemically resistant than HDPE, but is more translucent. LDPE is used primarily for squeeze applications. LDPE is significantly more expensive than HDPE. Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET, PETE or polyester) is commonly used for carbonated beverage, water bottles and many food products. PET provides very good alcohol and essential oil barrier properties, generally good chemical resistance (although acetones and ketones will attack PET) and a high degree of impact resistance and tensile strength. The orienting process serves to improve gas and moisture barrier properties and impact strength. This material does not provide resistance to very high temperature applications-max. temp. 200 *F (93*C). Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) is naturally clear, has extremely good resistance to oils, and has very low oxygen transmission. It provides an excellent barrier to most gases and its drop impact resistance is also very good. This material is chemically resistant, but it is vulnerable to solvents. PVC is an excellent choice for salad oil, mineral oil, and vinegar. It is also commonly used for shampoos and cosmetic products. PVC exhibits poor resistance to high temperatures and will distort at 160 *F (71 C), making it incompatible with hot filled products. It has attained notoriety in recent years due to potential health risks. Polypropylene (PP) is used primarily for jars and closures and provides a rigid package with excellent moisture barrier. One major advantage of polypropylene is its stability at high temperatures, up to 220 'F (1 04*C). Polypropylene is autoclavable and offers the potential for steam sterilization. The compatibility of PP with high filling temperatures is responsible for its use with hot fill products. PP has excellent chemical resistance, but provides poor impact resistance in cold temperatures. Polystyrene (PS) offers excellent clarity and stiffness at an economical cost. It is commonly used with dry products including vitamins, petroleum jellies, and spices. Styrene does not provide good barrier properties, and exhibits poor impact resistance. Fluorine Treated (HDPE) bottles are exposed to fluorine gas in a secondary operation, are similar in appearance to HDPE and have exceptional barrier properties to hydrocarbons and aromatic solvents. Fluorine treated bottles are excellent for use with insecticides, pesticides, herbicides, photographic chemicals, agricultural chemicals, household and industrial cleaners, electronic chemicals, medical cleaners and solvents, citrus products, d-limone, flavors, fragrances, essential oils, surfactants, polishes, additives, graffiti cleaning products, pre-emergents, stone and tile care products, waxes, paint thinner, gasoline, biodiesel, xylene, acetone, kerosene and more. The container itself is formed round and flat without any edges as to prevent any excessive fabric wear. It is equipped with air ducts or vapour conduits which allow vaporisation of the carrier substance bound in the repository contained in the container as to slowly disintegrate through vaporisation thereby releasing the deodorising and antiseptic compounds into the vicinity of the device, preferably into a pocket as to disinfect and deodorise the contents and any hand which may reach into it. The following drawing demonstrates the action of the antimicrobial substances in combination with 6 the fragrance and carrier-substance as well as how the vapours carrying the active substances are able to permeate the wall of the container and create a sterile zone. Due to the combined vapour pressure of the combined substances a phase transition takes place and a steady stream of the deodorising and antiseptic compounds is released via the vapour conduits effectively creating a sterile zone in the direct vicinity of the the device. I.e. Phenoxyethanol in combination with Ethanol has, according to Rault's law a vaporpressure equal to the mole-fraction-weighted sum of the components vaporpressure. Same is true for the other antimicrobial compounds. A steady stream of deodorizing antimicrobial vapour is accomplished over the lifetime of the repository as it continuously degrades through the vaporisation of the volatile compounds. The repository consists of five ingredients: 1. Fragrance/Deodorizer 2. Antiseptic / Germicide 3. Binder 4. Volatile Carrier-substance 5. Bearer material As the repository degrades it will loose weight and therefore substance. It is constructed in a way that it may not turn loose and begin to tail and disintegrate into maculation. Therefore the components such as but not limited to, alcohol, triclosan, chlorhexadine, phenoxyethanol, essential oils, gum arabic are mixed with a suitable bearer material which may not be degraded through the aforementioned compounds. BEARER MATERIAL Acetyl Cellulose acetates of cellulose, acetic acid esters of cellulose. Acetyl cellulose is usually obtained by the action on cellulose (cotton wool or, more rarely, refined wood-pulp cellulose) of acetic anhydride in the presence of various catalysts and solvents (or diluents):

[C

6

H

7 02(OH) 3 ]n + 3n(CH 3

CO)

2 0 - [C 6

H

7 0 2

(OCOOH

3

)

3 ]n + 3nCH 3 COOH The final product of the reaction is cellulose triacetate, which in engineering is usually called primary acetate, or triacetylcellulose; it contains 62.5 percent bound acetic acid. So-called secondary acetate (up to 55 percent bound acetic acid) is obtained by fractional hydrolysis of triacetate. Acetyl cellulose is a white, amorphous mass; its density is approximately 1,300 kg/m 3 .Acetyl cellulose is weakly water-absorbing (especially the triacetate) and photostable; it possesses good physicomechanical properties and is practically noncombustible. The thermostability of acetyl cellulose is insufficiently high: at temperatures as low as 190-210*C the color of the material changes, and at 230*C it begins to decompose. Alkalis and mineral acids gradually saponify acetyl cellulose. The primary acetate is soluble in acetic acid, methylene chloride, chloroform, dichlorethane, aniline, and pyridine; the secondary acetate dissolves also in acetone, mixtures of acetone and alcohol, ethyl acetate, dioxane, and other organic solvents. Acetyl cellulose is used in the manufacture of fibers, coatings (especially electro-insulating and motion-picture film), and 7 moldable materials. Cellulose in the form of cotton, is an organic compound with the formula (C6HI 005)n, a polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of several hundred to over ten thousand P(1-+4) linked D-glucose units.Cellulose is an important structural component of the primary cell wall of green plants, many forms of algae and the oomycetes. Some species of bacteria secrete it to form biofilms. Cellulose is the most abundant organic polymer on Earth. The cellulose content of cotton fiber is 90%, that of wood is 40-50% and that of dried hemp is approximately 45%. CONCLUSIONS, RAMIFICATIONS, AND SCOPE Accordingly it can be seen than this invention distinct advantages over existing hand sanitation systems. Its new approach, easiness to apply and convenience solves the problem of hand disinfection where a thorough hand wash is unavailable. Although the description above contains many specifications, theses should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention but as merely providing illustrations of some of the presently preferred embodiments of this invention. Various other embodiments and ramifications are possible within it's scope. For example, shapes, sizes and capacities of the container may vary depended upon the product application, i.e. trouser pockets are considerably smaller than other pockets such as jacket pockets or even handbags. Hence the scope of the invention should be determined by the appended claims and their legal equivalents, rather than the example given. 8

Claims (6)

1. A disinfectant hand sanitizer and deodorizer comprising various disinfectants and fragrances/deodorizers, in an alcoholic medium as volatile carrier-substance placed with binder material on a bearer-material, characterized by giving of vapour capable of antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

2. A hand sanitizing apparatus comprising a container made of moldable material, containing a composition of claim 1, equipped with conduits suitable to release vapours of the aforementioned substances.

3. A hand sanitizing apparatus as claimed in 2, capable of creating stable uniform sterile zone formed by antimicrobial substances through vaporisation, further characterized by: excellence in maintaining improved activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, can be used for a prolonged period and has advantages of easiness in handling, simple structure and a relatively low production cost.

4. A hand sanitizing apparatus of any one of preceding claims 1-3 further characterized by the capability of creating a uniform deodorizing zone formed by deodorants through vaporisation effectively deodorizing any hands placed within its vicinity.

5. A hand sanitizing apparatus of any one of preceding claims 1-4 further characterized by the capability of creating a uniform redolent zone formed by fragrances through vaporisation, effectively scenting any hands placed within its vicinity.

6. A hand sanitizing apparatus of any one of preceding claims 1-5 further characterized by the capability of creating a uniform sterile zone formed by antiseptics through vaporisation, effectively sanitizing any hands placed within its vicinity. 9