AU2003270338B2 - Metering valve for a metered dose inhaler providing consistent delivery - Google Patents
Metering valve for a metered dose inhaler providing consistent delivery Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU2003270338B2 AU2003270338B2 AU2003270338A AU2003270338A AU2003270338B2 AU 2003270338 B2 AU2003270338 B2 AU 2003270338B2 AU 2003270338 A AU2003270338 A AU 2003270338A AU 2003270338 A AU2003270338 A AU 2003270338A AU 2003270338 B2 AU2003270338 B2 AU 2003270338B2
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- metering
- valve
- stem
- aerosol
- valve stem
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 229940071648 metered dose inhaler Drugs 0.000 title claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 114
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 claims description 71
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 65
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- -1 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920002725 thermoplastic elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004734 Polyphenylene sulfide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920006260 polyaryletherketone Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000106 Liquid crystal polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920005549 butyl rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920005556 chlorobutyl Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920005557 bromobutyl Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011116 polymethylpentene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000306 polymethylpentene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical class [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000131 polyvinylidene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 98
- 208000028659 discharge Diseases 0.000 description 36
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 29
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 21
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 description 6
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000002009 alkene group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229920002614 Polyether block amide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002397 thermoplastic olefin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VHOQXEIFYTTXJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutylene-isoprene copolymer Chemical compound CC(C)=C.CC(=C)C=C VHOQXEIFYTTXJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013037 co-molding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000026030 halogenation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005658 halogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- YFMFNYKEUDLDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)C(F)(F)F YFMFNYKEUDLDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FCC(F)(F)F LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IPJGAEWUPXWFPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[3-(2,5-dioxopyrrol-1-yl)phenyl]pyrrole-2,5-dione Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)N1C1=CC=CC(N2C(C=CC2=O)=O)=C1 IPJGAEWUPXWFPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001634 Copolyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 240000004713 Pisum sativum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010582 Pisum sativum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000436 anus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000881 depressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000840 ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012632 extractable Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005555 halobutyl Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006343 melt-processible rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002557 mineral fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000214 mouth Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001331 nose Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006461 physiological response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006149 polyester-amide block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003225 polyurethane elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003031 santoprene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001935 styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006344 thermoplastic copolyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003673 urethanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000001215 vagina Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D83/00—Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents
- B65D83/14—Containers for dispensing liquid or semi-liquid contents by internal gaseous pressure, i.e. aerosol containers comprising propellant
- B65D83/44—Valves specially adapted for the discharge of contents; Regulating devices
- B65D83/52—Metering valves; Metering devices
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M15/00—Inhalators
- A61M15/009—Inhalators using medicine packages with incorporated spraying means, e.g. aerosol cans
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
- Nozzles (AREA)
- Medical Preparation Storing Or Oral Administration Devices (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US40863702P | 2002-09-06 | 2002-09-06 | |
| US60/408,637 | 2002-09-06 | ||
| GB0315791.4 | 2003-07-07 | ||
| GBGB0315791.4A GB0315791D0 (en) | 2003-07-07 | 2003-07-07 | Two component molded valve stems |
| PCT/US2003/027829 WO2004022143A2 (en) | 2002-09-06 | 2003-09-04 | Metering valve for a metered dose inhaler providing consistent delivery |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU2003270338A1 AU2003270338A1 (en) | 2004-03-29 |
| AU2003270338B2 true AU2003270338B2 (en) | 2008-09-25 |
Family
ID=31980038
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2003270338A Ceased AU2003270338B2 (en) | 2002-09-06 | 2003-09-04 | Metering valve for a metered dose inhaler providing consistent delivery |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1554002B1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP4598527B2 (enExample) |
| AU (1) | AU2003270338B2 (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA2497646A1 (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO2004022143A2 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB0302812D0 (en) | 2003-02-07 | 2003-03-12 | Wickham Mark D | Metering valves for dispensers |
| DE102004034626A1 (de) * | 2004-06-17 | 2006-01-12 | Seaquist Perfect Dispensing Gmbh | Dosierventil und Vorrichtung zur Abgabe einer vorzugsweise kosmetischen Flüssigkeit |
| GB2417024B (en) | 2004-08-11 | 2007-01-03 | Bespak Plc | Improvements in metering valves for dispensers |
| DE102006012302A1 (de) | 2006-03-15 | 2007-09-27 | Seaquist Perfect Dispensing Gmbh | Abgabevorrichtung |
| EP1998832B1 (en) | 2006-03-24 | 2014-10-22 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method for assessing the suitability of metered dose inhaler actuators |
| US8763865B2 (en) | 2007-01-31 | 2014-07-01 | I.P.S. Research And Development B.V. | Metering device for dispensing a dose of pressurized fluid |
| DE102007049614B4 (de) | 2007-03-15 | 2015-03-05 | Aptar Dortmund Gmbh | Abgabevorrichtung |
| EP2144653B1 (en) | 2007-05-10 | 2018-11-28 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Manufacture of metered dose valve components |
| FR2937019B1 (fr) * | 2008-10-15 | 2012-06-08 | Rexam Pharma La Verpilliere | Dispositif de distribution de liquide muni d'un organe d'etancheite ayant une partie elastomere |
| AU2011242686A1 (en) * | 2010-04-20 | 2012-11-15 | Capnia, Inc. | Compressed gas cylinder with an integral valve |
| DE102011080970B4 (de) * | 2011-08-15 | 2020-01-09 | Elringklinger Ag | Dichtung zum Abdichten eines Dichtspalts und Verfahren zum Herstellen einer solchen Dichtung |
| FR2996827B1 (fr) | 2012-10-12 | 2014-10-31 | Rexam Healthcare La Verpillier | Valve doseuse de distribution d'un aerosol |
| FR2993250B1 (fr) * | 2012-10-12 | 2014-08-01 | Rexam Healthcare La Verpillier | Valve doseuse de distribution d'un aerosol |
| GB2526821B (en) | 2014-06-03 | 2016-04-27 | The Salford Valve Company | Valve assembly |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1225163A (fr) * | 1959-03-07 | 1960-06-29 | Valois Sa | Valve doseuse pour vaporisateurs à gaz sous pression |
| FR1461685A (fr) * | 1965-10-29 | 1966-02-25 | Idees | Perfectionnement aux valves doseuses fonctionnant sous l'action d'un gaz comprimé |
| GB1035304A (en) * | 1964-03-25 | 1966-07-06 | Casco Products Corp | Improvements in or relating to pressurised containers and valves therefor |
| US3727806A (en) * | 1971-05-19 | 1973-04-17 | Neotechnic Eng Ltd | Valve assemblies for aerosol containers |
| GB1524293A (en) * | 1975-02-12 | 1978-09-13 | Valois Sa | Dispenser metering valves |
| US4362257A (en) * | 1980-05-05 | 1982-12-07 | Ethyl Products Company | Pressure fillable dispensing device |
| US4819834A (en) * | 1986-09-09 | 1989-04-11 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Apparatus and methods for delivering a predetermined amount of a pressurized fluid |
| US6112950A (en) * | 1995-10-31 | 2000-09-05 | Glaxo Group Limited | Low-friction valve stem |
-
2003
- 2003-09-04 AU AU2003270338A patent/AU2003270338B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2003-09-04 JP JP2004534632A patent/JP4598527B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-09-04 CA CA002497646A patent/CA2497646A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-09-04 WO PCT/US2003/027829 patent/WO2004022143A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2003-09-04 EP EP03752024A patent/EP1554002B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1225163A (fr) * | 1959-03-07 | 1960-06-29 | Valois Sa | Valve doseuse pour vaporisateurs à gaz sous pression |
| GB1035304A (en) * | 1964-03-25 | 1966-07-06 | Casco Products Corp | Improvements in or relating to pressurised containers and valves therefor |
| FR1461685A (fr) * | 1965-10-29 | 1966-02-25 | Idees | Perfectionnement aux valves doseuses fonctionnant sous l'action d'un gaz comprimé |
| US3727806A (en) * | 1971-05-19 | 1973-04-17 | Neotechnic Eng Ltd | Valve assemblies for aerosol containers |
| GB1524293A (en) * | 1975-02-12 | 1978-09-13 | Valois Sa | Dispenser metering valves |
| US4362257A (en) * | 1980-05-05 | 1982-12-07 | Ethyl Products Company | Pressure fillable dispensing device |
| US4819834A (en) * | 1986-09-09 | 1989-04-11 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Apparatus and methods for delivering a predetermined amount of a pressurized fluid |
| US6112950A (en) * | 1995-10-31 | 2000-09-05 | Glaxo Group Limited | Low-friction valve stem |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2497646A1 (en) | 2004-03-18 |
| EP1554002B1 (en) | 2012-03-21 |
| WO2004022143A3 (en) | 2004-08-19 |
| AU2003270338A1 (en) | 2004-03-29 |
| WO2004022143A2 (en) | 2004-03-18 |
| JP2006500980A (ja) | 2006-01-12 |
| EP1554002A2 (en) | 2005-07-20 |
| JP4598527B2 (ja) | 2010-12-15 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US7234460B2 (en) | Metering valve for a metered dose inhaler providing consistent delivery | |
| AU2003270338B2 (en) | Metering valve for a metered dose inhaler providing consistent delivery | |
| US7748378B2 (en) | Metering valve for a metered dose inhaler providing consistent delivery | |
| US7383970B2 (en) | Valve with a two-component seal | |
| CN100540148C (zh) | 封闭构件 | |
| EP2678057B1 (en) | Flushing medical devices | |
| IL151930A (en) | Pre-filled syringe | |
| HU224459B1 (hu) | Gyógyszeradagoló eszköz | |
| CN102671269B (zh) | 流体传送装置 | |
| AU728691B2 (en) | Duckbill valve | |
| US20030121935A1 (en) | Gasket for use in a metering valve that limits seal intrusion | |
| US20100275912A1 (en) | aerosol device | |
| CN1344217A (zh) | 阀门 | |
| US20080121666A1 (en) | Multi-Component Valve Stems | |
| EP1807323A1 (en) | Valve stem for a metered dose dispensing valve |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FGA | Letters patent sealed or granted (standard patent) | ||
| MK14 | Patent ceased section 143(a) (annual fees not paid) or expired |