AU2002214401B2 - Anode assembly for an electrochemical cell - Google Patents
Anode assembly for an electrochemical cell Download PDFInfo
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- AU2002214401B2 AU2002214401B2 AU2002214401A AU2002214401A AU2002214401B2 AU 2002214401 B2 AU2002214401 B2 AU 2002214401B2 AU 2002214401 A AU2002214401 A AU 2002214401A AU 2002214401 A AU2002214401 A AU 2002214401A AU 2002214401 B2 AU2002214401 B2 AU 2002214401B2
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- anode
- oxide
- cermet
- layer
- auxiliary layer
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- 239000011195 cermet Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010436 fluorite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 oxygen ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010345 tape casting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ag+].[Ag+] NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001923 silver oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 5
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQENXCOZCUHKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [La+3].[La+3].[O-][Mn]([O-])=O.[O-][Mn]([O-])=O.[O-][Mn]([O-])=O Chemical compound [La+3].[La+3].[O-][Mn]([O-])=O.[O-][Mn]([O-])=O.[O-][Mn]([O-])=O BQENXCOZCUHKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9041—Metals or alloys
- H01M4/905—Metals or alloys specially used in fuel cell operating at high temperature, e.g. SOFC
- H01M4/9066—Metals or alloys specially used in fuel cell operating at high temperature, e.g. SOFC of metal-ceramic composites or mixtures, e.g. cermets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M2004/8678—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/8684—Negative electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M8/1231—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Primary Cells (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Anode assembly consisting of an anode cermet (2) and an auxiliary layer (3) positioned between the anode cermet and the electrolyte (1). According to the invention this anode cermet comprises a mixture of metals and metal oxides and oxygen ion-conducting oxide. In order to improve the adhesion of this layer to the electrolyte under mechanical stress, which arises in particular in the case of a change in temperature and gas disruptions as a consequence of system malfunctions, it is proposed to produce the auxiliary layer from a material that essentially comprises oxygen ion-conducting oxide. In order to improve the contact with the current collector it is proposed to apply a contact layer (4) essentially consisting of metal (oxide) particles between the anode cermet (2) and the current collector (5).
Description
WO 02/35634 PCT/NL01/00773 1 ANODE ASSEMBLY FOR AN ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL The present invention relates to an anode assembly for an electrochemical cell, comprising an anode cermet and an auxiliary layer applied thereon on the electrolyte side, said anode comprising a semi-noble metal oxide and an oxide that conducts oxygen ions.
Such an assembly with an auxiliary layer is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application 9/190824. With this known assembly the auxiliary layer adjacent to the electrolyte contains nickel oxide. In European Patent Application 0 672 306 the anode cermet consists of YSZ (yttrium-stabilised zirconia) and a metal (oxide). In order to improve the yield of the cell it is proposed to apply an auxiliary layer between the anode cermet and the electrolyte.
By this means the oxygen ion conduction and electron conduction are optimised.
This is achieved mainly as a result of the characteristic that the auxiliary layer consists of metal particles for electron conduction and electrocatalytic activity and oxides for promoting oxygen ion conduction and mechanical stability.
Nowadays doped ceria is used instead of yttrium-stabilised zirconia as the base material for the cermet, in which, of course, metal (oxide) is present. When operating fuel cells in practice it has been found that conditions can arise which cannot be regarded as normal but which it is virtually impossible to avoid in practice. For instance, it is possible that under extreme operating conditions the anode is exposed to oxidising gases. The metal particles in the anode, which in general are applied in the oxide form in the anode but which reduce to metal particles on sintering or starting up, will reoxidise as a result. This results in a change in volume of the layer concerned, caused by the change in volume from metal particles to metal oxide particles.
Operating conditions of this type arise when a fuel cell is in standby mode. Under these conditions the reducing gas is not present and, as a result of oxidation of the metal particles, which in general comprise a semi-noble metal such as nickel, copper or silver and more particularly nickel, the volume increases as a result of the formation of, for example, nickel oxide. Theoretically such a standby mode will not arise, but it nevertheless occurs with some regularity in practice in the event of malfunction.
Appreciable stresses arise as a result of the increase in volume. Consequently it can arise that the anode cermet makes inadequate contact with the electrolyte, as a result of which a dramatic reduction in the yield of the fuel cell occurs.
The aim of the present invention is to improve the mechanical adhesion of the anode WO 02/35634 PCT/NL01/00773 2 layer/electrolyte layer under such conditions, that is to say even in the situation in which oxidation, that is to say an increase in the volume of the anode cermet, takes place it must always be ensured that there is still adequate contact between the anode and the electrolyte during the subsequent operation, where the oxides are reduced again.
This aim is achieved with an anode assembly as described above in that said auxiliary layer contains approximately 100 oxygen ion-conducting oxides.
It has been found that a strong mechanical joint between the electrolyte layer and the anode layer is obtained by the use of an auxiliary layer that essentially consists completely of oxygen ion-conducting oxide. By not applying any nickel oxide or other metal oxide in the auxiliary layer, it can be guaranteed that an essentially defect-free auxiliary layer is produced. As a result the strength of the auxiliary layer can be optimised and there is no longer a risk of the anode assembly detaching from the electrolyte during heating or sintering.
A defect-free auxiliary layer can be obtained by adding sinter-active substances to the auxiliary layer in a concentration of up to 5 (mol/mol). Moreover, the auxiliary layer is sinter-active towards the adjacent layers as a result. After sintering the auxiliary layer, the sinter-active substance present therein will be taken up in the crystal lattice of the oxygenion conducting oxide, as a result of which the mechanical properties of the auxiliary layer do not change substantially and the auxiliary layer still consists essentially completely of oxygen ion-conducting oxide.
Examples of sinter-active substances are Co, Ni and Mn. Usually these substances will oxidise easily, but because they are incorporated into the oxygen ion-conducting oxide of the auxiliary layer such oxidation no longer takes place.
The actual anode can be made up in the conventional manner, as is known from the prior art, provided the condition that the oxide particles in the cermet are sinter-active is met, as a result of which a good adhesion with the oxide particles in the auxiliary layer is obtained.
Ceria doped with gadolinium has been mentioned above as an example of the oxygen ion-conducting oxide. More particularly, the oxygen ion-conducting oxides according to the invention are fluorite oxides, such as CeO 2 ZrO 2 ThO 2 Bi 2 3 HfO, on their own or doped with alkali metal oxides (for example MgO, CaO, SrO, BaO) or rare earth oxides (for example Gd203, Sm,0 3
Y
2 0 3 In this context fluorite oxides which display a high degree of electrical conduction and mechanical, chemical and thermal stability are WO 02/35634 PCT/NLO1/00773 3 preferred.
The auxiliary layer described above preferably has a thickness of between 0.1 and imr. Ion conduction is guaranteed by the presence of the doped cerium oxide. This oxide must also be chemically compatible with the oxide present in the anode cermet. Therefore the same cerium oxide is preferably used both for the anode cermet and for the auxiliary layer.
As a result of the presence of an auxiliary layer having a high cerium oxide concentration, the effect of depletion of the cerium oxide from the anode to the electrolyte by diffusion processes at elevated temperature, such as arises during sintering and/or operation of the cell, will be avoided. Consequently, the yield of the anode can be ensured for a prolonged period.
The actual anode can be made up in a conventional manner. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the thickness of the anode is between 5 and 100 gm. In contrast to previous proposals, it is desirable that, in view of the mechanical stress to which such an anode cermet is subjected on start-up, cooling and reduction/oxidation, the mechanical strength is appreciable. That is to say it is desirable that the cerium oxide particles form a structure which does not essentially deform on the one hand under high fuel utilisation and on the other hand when a fuel gas is not present. Moreover, it is important that the metal (nickel) particles do not sinter together during operation because this causes the strength of the anode microstructure and the electrocatalytic activity of the metal particles to decrease. The aim is for a fine microstructure with a particle size of less than 1 jim. As a result of the use of this relatively small particle size, the metal particles are not able or are barely able to post-sinter during operation after the actual sintering process.
Apart from the particle size, the porosity must also be maintained. This is preferably in the range between 10 and 50 (VN).
In order to improve the contact between the anode and the current collector and, moreover, to counteract the effect of nickel evaporating out of the actual anode, it is proposed according to the invention to apply a contact layer that is essentially metallic, that is to say essentially consists of nickel when nickel is used in the anode. Such a layer is also found to have ductile characteristics, as a result of which the effect of the increase in volume caused by oxidation can be absorbed. Such a metallic anode contact layer preferably has a thickness of between 3 and 10 jim. Differences in thermal expansion between the anode and the current collector are absorbed with such a layer.
WO 02/35634 PCT/NLO1/00773 4 Although it is simple to allow such a contact layer to extend over the entire anode/current collector interface, in principle the presence of this layer is necessary only at those locations where current is taken off.
The application of the anode and, respectively, the anode auxiliary layer can take place using any method known in the state of the art, such as tape casting. According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the screen printing technique is used for this purpose. After all, by this means it is possible to obtain the small layer thickness described above. With this procedure the starting material used is preferably a sintered electrolyte based on stabilised zirconia (YSZ). This preferably has a thickness of between 50 and 200 ptm. With this procedure, in contrast to the prior of the art, an anode intermediate layer is first applied. In the state as applied, this contains at least 95 cerium oxide doped with gadolinium. After drying at a relatively low temperature (such as 75 this assembly is heated in a furnace at a temperature of at most 950 As a result, the organic material (binder) in the layer applied by screen printing is driven off. The anode intermediate layer is not compacted by this relatively low temperature.
After cooling, the anode cermet is applied to the free side of the anode auxiliary layer. The anode cermet consists of a mixture of, for example, 65 metal oxide and (m/nm) doped cerium oxide. This application can also take place by means of screen printing. Before sintering the various components, a contact layer consisting of a pure metal oxide in which the metal concerned is the same as the metal .that is present in the anode cermet is first applied to the free side of the cennet.
A second sintering treatment then follows, in which the microstructure is compacted and rigidity is obtained. Finally, the cathode is then applied on the other side of the electrolyte and the whole is sintered again. The metal oxide described above on the anode side can be reduced to a metal during this final sintering step and will be reduced to a metal when starting up, as a result of the presence of reducing gases.
The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to an illustrative embodiment shown in the drawing.
In the drawing: Fig. 1 shows, diagrammatically in cross-section, part of an electrochemical cell according to the invention; and Fig. 2 shows a graph which shows the long-term performance of a cell according to the invention.
WO 02/35634 PCT/NL01/00773 An electrolyte consisting of a sintered electrolyte, for example based on stabilised zirconia, is indicated by 1. An anode 6 is applied to this in the manner described above.
This anode consists of an anode adhesion layer 3 which forms the join between the electrolyte 1 and the anode cermet 2. This anode adhesion layer promotes the adhesion of the anode cermet to the electrolyte. The anode adhesion layer essentially consists of doped cerium oxide. As a result of the essential absence of metals, should oxidation of metal particles take place, as a result of which an increase in volume in the anode cermet occurs, such a change in volume will not take place in the anode adhesion layer. However, as a result of the presence of the same cerium oxide there is good adhesion between layer 2 and layer 3, which is well able to resist an increase in volume as a result of oxidation of metal particles. On the other hand, the anode adhesion layer adheres particularly well to electrolyte 1.
An anode contact layer 4 which preferably consists of pure metal particles is applied to the anode cermet 2. The current collector is indicated by 5. It must be understood that the anode adhesion layer does not have to extend over the entire surface of the anode cermet 2 but can be applied locally only, in the locations where current take-off by current collector 5 takes place.
The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to an example.
Example The starting material used is a sintered electrolyte comprising yttrium-stabilised zirconia with a thickness of 140 gm.
An intermediate layer with a thickness of 10 [tm is applied to this with the aid of a screen printing technique. This intermediate layer is based on cerium oxide doped with gadolinium. In addition, a sinter-active component such as 2 (mol/mol) cobalt is added to this layer. This assembly is heated at a temperature of 75 °C for two hours in a conventional drying oven. Sintering is then carried out for one hour at 600 °C to drive off the binder.
After cooling, an anode cermet consisting of a mixture of 65 nickel oxide and 35 cerium oxide doped with gadolinium is screen printed. This layer has a thickness of approximately 50 jtm. Immediately thereafter a layer with a thickness of um consisting of pure nickel oxide is screen printed thereon. The various layers are then WO 02/35634 PCT/NL01/00773 6 sintered at a temperature of 1400 OC for one hour.
After cooling, a cathode layer consisting of lanthanum manganite doped with strontium and yttrium-stabilised zirconia is applied to the other side of the electrolyte. The whole is then sintered at 1200 OC.
Experiments have shown that a cell that has been produced in the abovementioned manner gives a stable performance for 800 hours, including three oxidation/reduction cycles on the anode side. See Fig. 2 (endurance test graph). In this figure hydrogen (1.9 g/h) was used as fuel and air (155 g/h) as oxidising agent in an endurance test. The effective surface area was 100 cm 2 in a ceramic housing with Pt current collector for the cathode and an Ni current collector for the anode.
Claims (8)
1. Method for producing an anode electrolyte assembly for an electrochemical cell, comprising an anode cermet an electrolyte and an auxiliary layer applied between said cermet and said electrolyte side, said anode comprising a semi-noble metal oxide, such as a nickel, copper and silver oxide, and an oxide that conducts oxygen ions, wherein said auxiliary layer contains oxygen ion-conducting oxides, said assembly being electrolyte supported and said auxiliary layer consisting essentially completely of oxygen ion-conducting oxides, wherein said auxiliary layer is provided by screen printing or tape casting and has a thickness of between 0.1 and 10 pm.
2. Method according to claim 1, wherein said anode cermet contains Ni.
3. Method according to one of the preceding claims, containing a contact layer containing metal particles applied on the other side of the anode.
4. Method according to claim 3, wherein the metal particles in the anode cermet match the metal particles in the contact layer.
Method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein said contact layer has a thickness of between 3 and 10 pm.
6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said oxygen ion-conducting oxide comprises an oxide of fluorite type structure.
7. Method according to claim 6, wherein said fluorite oxide has been doped with oxides of alkali metals or oxides of rare earths.
8. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said anode cermet comprises an oxygen ion-conducting oxide and wherein said auxiliary layer is chemically compatible with said oxygen ion-conducting oxide. Dated this 2 4 t h day of May 2006 STICHTING ENERGIEONDERZOEK CENTRUM NEDERLAND By their Patent Attorneys, COLLISON CO.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL1016458A NL1016458C2 (en) | 2000-10-23 | 2000-10-23 | Anode assembly. |
| NL1016458 | 2000-10-23 | ||
| PCT/NL2001/000773 WO2002035634A1 (en) | 2000-10-23 | 2001-10-23 | Anode assembly for an electrochemical cell |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU2002214401A1 AU2002214401A1 (en) | 2002-07-11 |
| AU2002214401B2 true AU2002214401B2 (en) | 2006-06-08 |
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Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU1440102A Pending AU1440102A (en) | 2000-10-23 | 2001-10-23 | Anode assembly for an electrochemical cell |
| AU2002214401A Expired AU2002214401B2 (en) | 2000-10-23 | 2001-10-23 | Anode assembly for an electrochemical cell |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU1440102A Pending AU1440102A (en) | 2000-10-23 | 2001-10-23 | Anode assembly for an electrochemical cell |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1336215B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2004512653A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100825288B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1262036C (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE311669T1 (en) |
| AU (2) | AU1440102A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2426750C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE60115490T2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK1336215T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2254515T3 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL1016458C2 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO20031800L (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2002035634A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5234698B2 (en) * | 2004-03-29 | 2013-07-10 | ヘクシス アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | Anode materials for high temperature fuel cells |
| DE102008009985B4 (en) | 2008-02-19 | 2015-04-09 | Sunfire Gmbh | An electrolyte for an electrolyte-supported high-temperature fuel cell, method for its production, its use for an electrolyte-supported fuel cell and use of the fuel cell for a fuel cell stack |
| RU2010147046A (en) | 2008-04-18 | 2012-05-27 | Члены Правления Университета Калифорнии (Us) | COMBINED SEAL FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE ELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICE |
| WO2012024330A2 (en) * | 2010-08-17 | 2012-02-23 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Method for solid oxide fuel cell fabrication |
| DK2748884T3 (en) * | 2011-08-25 | 2020-02-17 | Univ Florida | FAST OXIDE FUEL CELL WITH COMPOSITE ANODE WITH IMPROVED MECHANICAL INTEGRITY AND INCREASED EFFICIENCY |
| US20140315084A1 (en) * | 2013-04-18 | 2014-10-23 | Nokia Corporation | Method and apparatus for energy storage |
| JP2016031933A (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2016-03-07 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | Proton-conducting laminate structure |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5753385A (en) * | 1995-12-12 | 1998-05-19 | Regents Of The University Of California | Hybrid deposition of thin film solid oxide fuel cells and electrolyzers |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0395860A (en) * | 1989-09-08 | 1991-04-22 | Fujikura Ltd | Method for forming fuel electrode of solid electrolyte fuel cell |
| JP2894737B2 (en) * | 1989-09-08 | 1999-05-24 | 株式会社フジクラ | Solid oxide fuel cell |
| JPH03194860A (en) * | 1989-12-25 | 1991-08-26 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Solid electrolyte fuel cell |
| JPH0567473A (en) * | 1991-09-09 | 1993-03-19 | Mitsui Eng & Shipbuild Co Ltd | Solid electrolyte fuel cell |
| JPH05121084A (en) * | 1991-10-28 | 1993-05-18 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Fuel cell with solid electrolyte |
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- 2000-10-23 NL NL1016458A patent/NL1016458C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2001
- 2001-10-23 EP EP01982941A patent/EP1336215B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-10-23 AT AT01982941T patent/ATE311669T1/en active
- 2001-10-23 DK DK01982941T patent/DK1336215T3/en active
- 2001-10-23 CA CA002426750A patent/CA2426750C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-10-23 DE DE60115490T patent/DE60115490T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-10-23 JP JP2002538508A patent/JP2004512653A/en active Pending
- 2001-10-23 ES ES01982941T patent/ES2254515T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-10-23 KR KR1020037005570A patent/KR100825288B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-10-23 CN CNB018178588A patent/CN1262036C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-10-23 AU AU1440102A patent/AU1440102A/en active Pending
- 2001-10-23 WO PCT/NL2001/000773 patent/WO2002035634A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2001-10-23 AU AU2002214401A patent/AU2002214401B2/en not_active Expired
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2003
- 2003-04-23 NO NO20031800A patent/NO20031800L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5753385A (en) * | 1995-12-12 | 1998-05-19 | Regents Of The University Of California | Hybrid deposition of thin film solid oxide fuel cells and electrolyzers |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE311669T1 (en) | 2005-12-15 |
| AU1440102A (en) | 2002-05-06 |
| DE60115490D1 (en) | 2006-01-05 |
| NO20031800D0 (en) | 2003-04-23 |
| EP1336215B1 (en) | 2005-11-30 |
| NL1016458C2 (en) | 2002-05-01 |
| CN1471741A (en) | 2004-01-28 |
| NO20031800L (en) | 2003-06-13 |
| CA2426750A1 (en) | 2002-05-02 |
| DE60115490T2 (en) | 2006-07-20 |
| CA2426750C (en) | 2010-01-05 |
| EP1336215A1 (en) | 2003-08-20 |
| JP2004512653A (en) | 2004-04-22 |
| HK1062745A1 (en) | 2004-11-19 |
| WO2002035634A1 (en) | 2002-05-02 |
| KR100825288B1 (en) | 2008-04-28 |
| DK1336215T3 (en) | 2006-03-27 |
| ES2254515T3 (en) | 2006-06-16 |
| KR20030059209A (en) | 2003-07-07 |
| CN1262036C (en) | 2006-06-28 |
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Owner name: H.C. STARCK GMBH Free format text: FORMER OWNER WAS: STICHTING ENERGIEONDERZOEK CENTRUM NEDERLAND |
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| PC | Assignment registered |
Owner name: SUNFIRE GMBH Free format text: FORMER OWNER WAS: H.C. STARCK GMBH |
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| MK14 | Patent ceased section 143(a) (annual fees not paid) or expired |