AU2001235281A1 - Encoding method and system resistant to power analysis - Google Patents
Encoding method and system resistant to power analysisInfo
- Publication number
- AU2001235281A1 AU2001235281A1 AU2001235281A AU3528101A AU2001235281A1 AU 2001235281 A1 AU2001235281 A1 AU 2001235281A1 AU 2001235281 A AU2001235281 A AU 2001235281A AU 3528101 A AU3528101 A AU 3528101A AU 2001235281 A1 AU2001235281 A1 AU 2001235281A1
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- encoding method
- power analysis
- system resistant
- resistant
- analysis
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/06—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for block-wise or stream coding, e.g. DES systems or RC4; Hash functions; Pseudorandom sequence generators
- H04L9/0618—Block ciphers, i.e. encrypting groups of characters of a plain text message using fixed encryption transformation
- H04L9/0625—Block ciphers, i.e. encrypting groups of characters of a plain text message using fixed encryption transformation with splitting of the data block into left and right halves, e.g. Feistel based algorithms, DES, FEAL, IDEA or KASUMI
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
- G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
- G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
- G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
- G06K19/073—Special arrangements for circuits, e.g. for protecting identification code in memory
- G06K19/07309—Means for preventing undesired reading or writing from or onto record carriers
- G06K19/07363—Means for preventing undesired reading or writing from or onto record carriers by preventing analysis of the circuit, e.g. dynamic or static power analysis or current analysis
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
- G06Q20/30—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks
- G06Q20/34—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using cards, e.g. integrated circuit [IC] cards or magnetic cards
- G06Q20/341—Active cards, i.e. cards including their own processing means, e.g. including an IC or chip
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
- G07F7/00—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus
- G07F7/08—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means
- G07F7/0806—Details of the card
- G07F7/0813—Specific details related to card security
- G07F7/082—Features insuring the integrity of the data on or in the card
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
- G07F7/00—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus
- G07F7/08—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means
- G07F7/10—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means together with a coded signal, e.g. in the form of personal identification information, like personal identification number [PIN] or biometric data
- G07F7/1008—Active credit-cards provided with means to personalise their use, e.g. with PIN-introduction/comparison system
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/002—Countermeasures against attacks on cryptographic mechanisms
- H04L9/003—Countermeasures against attacks on cryptographic mechanisms for power analysis, e.g. differential power analysis [DPA] or simple power analysis [SPA]
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to methods or arrangements for processing data by operating upon the order or content of the data handled
- G06F2207/72—Indexing scheme relating to groups G06F7/72 - G06F7/729
- G06F2207/7219—Countermeasures against side channel or fault attacks
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Strategic Management (AREA)
- General Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Accounting & Taxation (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Storage Device Security (AREA)
- Complex Calculations (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA2298990 | 2000-02-18 | ||
CA002298990A CA2298990A1 (fr) | 2000-02-18 | 2000-02-18 | Methode et systeme de resistance a l'analyse de puissance |
PCT/CA2001/000201 WO2001061916A2 (fr) | 2000-02-18 | 2001-02-19 | Procede et systeme de codage resistant a l'analyse de puissance |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
AU2001235281A1 true AU2001235281A1 (en) | 2001-08-27 |
Family
ID=4165351
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
AU2001235280A Abandoned AU2001235280A1 (en) | 2000-02-18 | 2001-02-19 | Method and system for resistance to statistical power analysis |
AU2001235281A Abandoned AU2001235281A1 (en) | 2000-02-18 | 2001-02-19 | Encoding method and system resistant to power analysis |
AU2001235279A Abandoned AU2001235279A1 (en) | 2000-02-18 | 2001-02-19 | Method and apparatus for balanced electronic operations |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
AU2001235280A Abandoned AU2001235280A1 (en) | 2000-02-18 | 2001-02-19 | Method and system for resistance to statistical power analysis |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
AU2001235279A Abandoned AU2001235279A1 (en) | 2000-02-18 | 2001-02-19 | Method and apparatus for balanced electronic operations |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US20040078588A1 (fr) |
EP (3) | EP1256201A2 (fr) |
AU (3) | AU2001235280A1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2298990A1 (fr) |
WO (3) | WO2001061916A2 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (74)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7587044B2 (en) | 1998-01-02 | 2009-09-08 | Cryptography Research, Inc. | Differential power analysis method and apparatus |
US7620832B2 (en) * | 2000-09-20 | 2009-11-17 | Mips Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for masking a microprocessor execution signature |
US6625737B1 (en) * | 2000-09-20 | 2003-09-23 | Mips Technologies Inc. | System for prediction and control of power consumption in digital system |
JP2002247025A (ja) * | 2001-02-22 | 2002-08-30 | Hitachi Ltd | 情報処理装置 |
JP4596686B2 (ja) * | 2001-06-13 | 2010-12-08 | 富士通株式会社 | Dpaに対して安全な暗号化 |
DE10129241B4 (de) * | 2001-06-18 | 2008-04-30 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Multifunktionaler Rechner |
DE10202700A1 (de) * | 2002-01-24 | 2003-08-07 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Erzeugen eines Befehlscodes |
DE10227618B4 (de) * | 2002-06-20 | 2007-02-01 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Logikschaltung |
JP2004126841A (ja) * | 2002-10-01 | 2004-04-22 | Renesas Technology Corp | プログラム実装方法 |
US20060076418A1 (en) * | 2002-11-21 | 2006-04-13 | Koninlijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Electronic memory component or memory module, and method of operating same |
GB2406943B (en) * | 2002-12-12 | 2005-10-05 | Advanced Risc Mach Ltd | Processing activity masking in a data processing system |
KR100528464B1 (ko) * | 2003-02-06 | 2005-11-15 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 스마트카드의 보안장치 |
WO2004114584A1 (fr) * | 2003-05-22 | 2004-12-29 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Systeme de protection du droit d'auteur, dispositif de calcul de residu de puissance, et procede associe |
JP2005056413A (ja) * | 2003-08-01 | 2005-03-03 | Stmicroelectronics Sa | 複数の同じ計算の保護 |
KR100564599B1 (ko) * | 2003-12-24 | 2006-03-29 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 역원 계산 회로, 역원계산 방법 및 상기 역원계산 방법을실행시키기 위한 프로그램을 기록한 컴퓨터로 읽을 수있는 기록매체 |
DE102004018874B4 (de) * | 2004-04-19 | 2009-08-06 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Bestimmen eines Ergebnisses |
DE102004032894A1 (de) * | 2004-07-07 | 2006-02-09 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Ausspähungsgeschütztes Berechnen eines maskierten Ergebniswertes |
DE102004032893B4 (de) * | 2004-07-07 | 2015-02-05 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Ausspähungsgeschütztes Berechnen eines maskierten Ergebniswertes |
US7920050B2 (en) * | 2004-07-29 | 2011-04-05 | Emc Corporation | Proxy device for enhanced privacy in an RFID system |
FR2874440B1 (fr) | 2004-08-17 | 2008-04-25 | Oberthur Card Syst Sa | Procede et dispositif de traitement de donnees |
FR2875318A1 (fr) * | 2004-09-15 | 2006-03-17 | St Microelectronics Sa | Protection d'un algorithme des |
FR2875657B1 (fr) * | 2004-09-22 | 2006-12-15 | Trusted Logic Sa | Procede de securisation de traitements cryptographiques par le biais de leurres. |
EP1820295B1 (fr) * | 2004-09-24 | 2008-07-09 | Synaptic Laboratories Limited | Boites de substitution |
EP1646174A1 (fr) * | 2004-10-07 | 2006-04-12 | Axalto SA | Méthode et appareil pour générer un jeux d'instructions cryptographique automatiquement et génération d'un code |
KR100855958B1 (ko) * | 2004-11-24 | 2008-09-02 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 해밍거리를 이용한 부가 채널 공격에 안전한 암호화시스템 및 방법 |
KR100725169B1 (ko) * | 2005-01-27 | 2007-06-04 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 전력 분석 공격에 안전한 논리 연산 장치 및 방법 |
JP4783104B2 (ja) * | 2005-09-29 | 2011-09-28 | 株式会社東芝 | 暗号化/復号装置 |
DE602006020010D1 (de) * | 2005-12-19 | 2011-03-24 | St Microelectronics Sa | Schutz der Ausführung eines DES-Algorithmus |
US20070226144A1 (en) * | 2006-03-24 | 2007-09-27 | Tp Lab | Method and apparatus to record usage of a portable media |
US20070288740A1 (en) * | 2006-06-09 | 2007-12-13 | Dale Jason N | System and method for secure boot across a plurality of processors |
US20070288738A1 (en) * | 2006-06-09 | 2007-12-13 | Dale Jason N | System and method for selecting a random processor to boot on a multiprocessor system |
US20070288739A1 (en) * | 2006-06-09 | 2007-12-13 | Dale Jason N | System and method for masking a boot sequence by running different code on each processor |
US20070288761A1 (en) * | 2006-06-09 | 2007-12-13 | Dale Jason N | System and method for booting a multiprocessor device based on selection of encryption keys to be provided to processors |
US7774616B2 (en) * | 2006-06-09 | 2010-08-10 | International Business Machines Corporation | Masking a boot sequence by providing a dummy processor |
US7594104B2 (en) * | 2006-06-09 | 2009-09-22 | International Business Machines Corporation | System and method for masking a hardware boot sequence |
DE602006008599D1 (de) * | 2006-06-29 | 2009-10-01 | Incard Sa | Verfahren zum Schutz von IC-Karten vor Leistungsanalyse-Attacken |
US8997255B2 (en) | 2006-07-31 | 2015-03-31 | Inside Secure | Verifying data integrity in a data storage device |
US8365310B2 (en) * | 2006-08-04 | 2013-01-29 | Yeda Research & Development Co. Ltd. | Method and apparatus for protecting RFID tags from power analysis |
US8352752B2 (en) | 2006-09-01 | 2013-01-08 | Inside Secure | Detecting radiation-based attacks |
JP5203594B2 (ja) * | 2006-11-07 | 2013-06-05 | 株式会社東芝 | 暗号処理回路及び暗号処理方法 |
US8752032B2 (en) * | 2007-02-23 | 2014-06-10 | Irdeto Canada Corporation | System and method of interlocking to protect software-mediated program and device behaviours |
FR2923305B1 (fr) * | 2007-11-02 | 2011-04-29 | Inside Contactless | Procede et dispositifs de protection d'un microcircuit contre des attaques visant a decouvrir une donnee secrete |
US20100287083A1 (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2010-11-11 | Mastercard International, Inc. | Detecting modifications to financial terminals |
FR2928060B1 (fr) * | 2008-02-25 | 2010-07-30 | Groupe Des Ecoles De Telecommunications Get Ecole Nat Superieure Des Telecommunications Enst | Procede de test de circuits de cryptographie, circuit de cryptographie securise apte a etre teste, et procede de cablage d'un tel circuit. |
JP4687775B2 (ja) * | 2008-11-20 | 2011-05-25 | ソニー株式会社 | 暗号処理装置 |
FR2941342B1 (fr) | 2009-01-20 | 2011-05-20 | Groupe Des Ecoles De Telecommunications Get Ecole Nat Superieure Des Telecommunications Enst | Circuit de cryptographie protege contre les attaques en observation, notamment d'ordre eleve. |
KR101026439B1 (ko) * | 2009-07-20 | 2011-04-07 | 한국전자통신연구원 | Seed 암호화에서 차분 전력 분석 공격을 방어하기 위한 마스킹 방법 |
FR2949925A1 (fr) * | 2009-09-09 | 2011-03-11 | Proton World Int Nv | Protection d'une generation de nombres premiers contre des attaques par canaux caches |
CN102725737B (zh) * | 2009-12-04 | 2016-04-20 | 密码研究公司 | 可验证防泄漏的加密和解密 |
US8583944B1 (en) | 2010-08-04 | 2013-11-12 | Xilinx, Inc. | Method and integrated circuit for secure encryption and decryption |
US8624624B1 (en) | 2011-08-26 | 2014-01-07 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Power isolation during sensitive operations |
US8525545B1 (en) | 2011-08-26 | 2013-09-03 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Power isolation during sensitive operations |
US8958550B2 (en) * | 2011-09-13 | 2015-02-17 | Combined Conditional Access Development & Support. LLC (CCAD) | Encryption operation with real data rounds, dummy data rounds, and delay periods |
JP5327493B1 (ja) * | 2011-11-28 | 2013-10-30 | 日本電気株式会社 | 暗号化処理回路及び復号処理回路、その方法並びにそのプログラム |
CN102710413A (zh) * | 2012-04-25 | 2012-10-03 | 杭州晟元芯片技术有限公司 | 一种抗dpa/spa攻击的系统和方法 |
CN103384197B (zh) * | 2012-05-03 | 2016-08-31 | 国家电网公司 | 一种防御对分组算法能量攻击的电路、芯片和方法 |
BR112015010016A2 (pt) * | 2012-11-07 | 2017-07-11 | Koninklijke Philips Nv | compilador, computador, método de compilação e programa de computador |
US9886597B2 (en) * | 2013-02-27 | 2018-02-06 | Morpho | Method for encoding data on a chip card by means of constant-weight codes |
US9755822B2 (en) * | 2013-06-19 | 2017-09-05 | Cryptography Research, Inc. | Countermeasure to power analysis attacks through time-varying impedance of power delivery networks |
DE102014001647A1 (de) * | 2014-02-06 | 2015-08-06 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Operation basierend auf zwei Operanden |
CN103929301A (zh) * | 2014-05-07 | 2014-07-16 | 中国科学院微电子研究所 | 真随机数生成方法、装置及电力设备 |
TWI712915B (zh) * | 2014-06-12 | 2020-12-11 | 美商密碼研究公司 | 執行一密碼編譯操作之方法,以及電腦可讀非暫時性儲存媒體 |
US10700849B2 (en) * | 2015-07-30 | 2020-06-30 | Nxp B.V. | Balanced encoding of intermediate values within a white-box implementation |
EP3220306B1 (fr) * | 2016-02-22 | 2018-11-07 | Eshard | Procédé de test de la résistance d'un circuit à une analyse de canal latéral |
EP3258639A1 (fr) * | 2016-06-14 | 2017-12-20 | Gemalto Sa | Appareil de cryptographie protégé contre les attaques par canaux auxiliaires utilisant une boîte de substitution à poids de hamming constant |
US10255462B2 (en) | 2016-06-17 | 2019-04-09 | Arm Limited | Apparatus and method for obfuscating power consumption of a processor |
US10771235B2 (en) * | 2016-09-01 | 2020-09-08 | Cryptography Research Inc. | Protecting block cipher computation operations from external monitoring attacks |
US10223528B2 (en) * | 2016-09-27 | 2019-03-05 | Intel Corporation | Technologies for deterministic code flow integrity protection |
US10256973B2 (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2019-04-09 | Intel Corporation | Linear masking circuits for side-channel immunization of advanced encryption standard hardware |
CN108063662A (zh) * | 2016-11-09 | 2018-05-22 | 国民技术股份有限公司 | 一种抗模板攻击的系统及方法 |
KR20200041771A (ko) * | 2018-10-12 | 2020-04-22 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 전력 특성을 고려한 메모리 시스템의 설계 방법, 상기 메모리 시스템의 제조 방법, 및 상기 메모리 시스템을 설계하기 위한 컴퓨팅 시스템 |
US11303462B2 (en) | 2018-11-19 | 2022-04-12 | Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of Northern Arizona University | Unequally powered cryptography using physical unclonable functions |
CN110610106B (zh) * | 2019-08-05 | 2022-11-22 | 宁波大学 | 一种基于dcvs逻辑的三输入混淆运算电路 |
CN113438067B (zh) * | 2021-05-30 | 2022-08-26 | 衡阳师范学院 | 一种压缩密钥猜测空间的侧信道攻击方法 |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2776445A1 (fr) * | 1998-03-17 | 1999-09-24 | Schlumberger Ind Sa | Procede de securisation de donnees mettant en oeuvre un algorithme cryptographique |
WO1999067766A2 (fr) * | 1998-06-03 | 1999-12-29 | Cryptography Research, Inc. | Procede de calcul cryptographique equilibre et dispositif de minimisation de fuites dans les cartes a puce et autres cryptosystemes |
EP1090480B1 (fr) * | 1998-06-03 | 2019-01-09 | Cryptography Research, Inc. | Perfectionnement de normes cryptographiques et autres procedes cryptographiques a reduction des fuites pour cartes a puces et autres systemes cryptographiques |
JP3600454B2 (ja) * | 1998-08-20 | 2004-12-15 | 株式会社東芝 | 暗号化・復号装置、暗号化・復号方法、およびそのプログラム記憶媒体 |
NL1011544C1 (nl) * | 1998-12-30 | 2000-07-03 | Koninkl Kpn Nv | Werkwijze en inrichting voor het cryptografisch bewerken van data. |
EP1142191B1 (fr) * | 1998-12-30 | 2006-08-09 | Nokia Corporation | Procede et dispositif de traitement cryptographique de donnees |
-
2000
- 2000-02-18 CA CA002298990A patent/CA2298990A1/fr not_active Abandoned
-
2001
- 2001-02-19 AU AU2001235280A patent/AU2001235280A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-02-19 US US10/203,156 patent/US20040078588A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-02-19 WO PCT/CA2001/000201 patent/WO2001061916A2/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-02-19 WO PCT/CA2001/000199 patent/WO2001061914A2/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-02-19 EP EP01907277A patent/EP1256201A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-02-19 US US10/181,942 patent/US20040025032A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-02-19 EP EP01907279A patent/EP1256203A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-02-19 EP EP01907278A patent/EP1256202A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-02-19 AU AU2001235281A patent/AU2001235281A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-02-19 AU AU2001235279A patent/AU2001235279A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-02-19 US US10/181,452 patent/US20040030905A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-02-19 WO PCT/CA2001/000200 patent/WO2001061915A2/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20040078588A1 (en) | 2004-04-22 |
AU2001235280A1 (en) | 2001-08-27 |
CA2298990A1 (fr) | 2001-08-18 |
WO2001061914A2 (fr) | 2001-08-23 |
US20040030905A1 (en) | 2004-02-12 |
US20040025032A1 (en) | 2004-02-05 |
WO2001061916A3 (fr) | 2002-03-28 |
EP1256203A2 (fr) | 2002-11-13 |
EP1256201A2 (fr) | 2002-11-13 |
EP1256202A2 (fr) | 2002-11-13 |
AU2001235279A1 (en) | 2001-08-27 |
WO2001061914A3 (fr) | 2002-08-01 |
WO2001061916A2 (fr) | 2001-08-23 |
WO2001061915A2 (fr) | 2001-08-23 |
WO2001061915A3 (fr) | 2001-12-27 |
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