ATE551742T1 - Wasserverwaltung in brennstoffzellen - Google Patents
Wasserverwaltung in brennstoffzellenInfo
- Publication number
- ATE551742T1 ATE551742T1 AT04806257T AT04806257T ATE551742T1 AT E551742 T1 ATE551742 T1 AT E551742T1 AT 04806257 T AT04806257 T AT 04806257T AT 04806257 T AT04806257 T AT 04806257T AT E551742 T1 ATE551742 T1 AT E551742T1
- Authority
- AT
- Austria
- Prior art keywords
- fuel cells
- water management
- management
- water
- fuel
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
- H01M8/0435—Temperature; Ambient temperature of cathode exhausts
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/0263—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant having meandering or serpentine paths
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0267—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04126—Humidifying
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04544—Voltage
- H01M8/04559—Voltage of fuel cell stacks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04574—Current
- H01M8/04589—Current of fuel cell stacks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04828—Humidity; Water content
- H01M8/04835—Humidity; Water content of fuel cell reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/2483—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by internal manifolds
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04126—Humidifying
- H01M8/04134—Humidifying by coolants
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB0330272A GB2409763B (en) | 2003-12-31 | 2003-12-31 | Water management in fuel cells |
PCT/GB2004/005463 WO2005064727A2 (en) | 2003-12-31 | 2004-12-31 | Water management in fuel cells |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
ATE551742T1 true ATE551742T1 (de) | 2012-04-15 |
Family
ID=31503355
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
AT04806257T ATE551742T1 (de) | 2003-12-31 | 2004-12-31 | Wasserverwaltung in brennstoffzellen |
Country Status (16)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US8277998B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1719199B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP5193467B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR101166251B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN100502118C (de) |
AR (1) | AR047358A1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE551742T1 (de) |
BR (1) | BRPI0418263B1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2551674C (de) |
ES (1) | ES2394955T3 (de) |
GB (1) | GB2409763B (de) |
MX (1) | MXPA06007516A (de) |
NO (1) | NO336638B1 (de) |
RU (1) | RU2356133C2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2005064727A2 (de) |
ZA (1) | ZA200605295B (de) |
Families Citing this family (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2382455B (en) * | 2001-11-07 | 2004-10-13 | Intelligent Energy Ltd | Fuel cell fluid flow field plates |
GB2412784B (en) * | 2002-01-18 | 2006-08-23 | Intelligent Energy Ltd | Fuel cell oxygen removal and pre-conditioning system |
GB2390738B (en) * | 2002-07-09 | 2005-05-11 | Intelligent Energy Ltd | Fuel cell direct water injection |
GB2401986B (en) * | 2003-05-17 | 2005-11-09 | Intelligent Energy Ltd | Improvements in fuel utilisation in electrochemical fuel cells |
GB2409763B (en) | 2003-12-31 | 2007-01-17 | Intelligent Energy Ltd | Water management in fuel cells |
GB2413002B (en) * | 2004-04-08 | 2006-12-06 | Intelligent Energy Ltd | Fuel cell gas distribution |
GB2422716B (en) * | 2005-01-26 | 2007-08-22 | Intelligent Energy Ltd | Multi-layer fuel cell diffuser |
GB2434845B (en) * | 2006-02-01 | 2010-10-13 | Intelligent Energy Ltd | Variable compressibility gaskets |
US7943259B1 (en) | 2006-12-18 | 2011-05-17 | University Of South Florida | Method of controlled delivery for use of electrochemical power source |
GB2453126B (en) | 2007-09-26 | 2013-02-06 | Intelligent Energy Ltd | Fuel cell system |
GB2453127A (en) * | 2007-09-26 | 2009-04-01 | Intelligent Energy Ltd | Fuel Cell System |
GB2464946B (en) * | 2008-10-30 | 2012-05-16 | Intelligent Energy Ltd | Fuel cell cooling |
FR2940196B1 (fr) | 2008-12-22 | 2010-12-10 | Renault Sas | Dispositif et procede de refroidissement d'un organe thermique de vehicule automobile |
KR101800056B1 (ko) * | 2010-10-06 | 2017-11-21 | 아우디 아게 | 위크에 의하여 증진된 물 통로가 구비된 증발 냉각식 연료 전지 |
DE112011104990T5 (de) * | 2011-03-01 | 2013-11-28 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Brennstoffzellensystem |
GB2533265B (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2021-09-15 | Intelligent Energy Ltd | Fuel cell system |
JP6696696B2 (ja) * | 2017-03-21 | 2020-05-20 | 株式会社東芝 | 電気化学反応装置 |
CN109256573B (zh) * | 2018-10-24 | 2023-05-26 | 天津中德应用技术大学 | 用于质子交换膜氢燃料电池堆的空气流量调节方法及装置 |
EP3918655A2 (de) * | 2019-01-29 | 2021-12-08 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Brennstoffzellensystem mit wasserinjektor und betriebsverfahren dafür |
CA3194900A1 (en) * | 2020-10-05 | 2022-04-14 | Brian D. Morrison | Health assessment and monitoring system and method for clean fuel electric vehicles |
CN114335623A (zh) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-04-12 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | 燃料电池堆阴阳极液态水耐受性测试方法及装置 |
Family Cites Families (29)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2533215C3 (de) | 1975-07-25 | 1980-08-14 | Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt | Verfahren zur Konstanthaltung der Betriebstemperatur und Elektrolytkonzentration einer für Rohgas/Luft-Betrieb ausgebildeten Brennstoffzellenbatterie mit festgelegtem sauren Elektrolyten |
DE3738370C1 (de) | 1987-11-12 | 1989-04-13 | Dornier System Gmbh | Elektrochemische Zelle mit immobilem Elektrolyten |
US5935726A (en) | 1997-12-01 | 1999-08-10 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Method and apparatus for distributing water to an ion-exchange membrane in a fuel cell |
US6174616B1 (en) * | 1998-10-07 | 2001-01-16 | Plug Power Inc. | Fuel cell assembly unit for promoting fluid service and design flexibility |
JP4200576B2 (ja) * | 1999-02-23 | 2008-12-24 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
IT1312198B1 (it) * | 1999-04-21 | 2002-04-09 | De Nora Spa | Cella a combustibile raffreddata mediante iniezione diretta di acqualiquida |
US6316135B1 (en) * | 1999-07-22 | 2001-11-13 | International Fuel Cells Llc | Direct antifreeze cooled fuel cell |
US6376111B1 (en) | 2000-01-25 | 2002-04-23 | General Motors Corporation | System and method for controlling the humidity level of a fuel cell |
JP2001351655A (ja) * | 2000-06-05 | 2001-12-21 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池用ガス供給装置 |
DE10036916B4 (de) | 2000-07-28 | 2006-12-21 | Truma Gerätetechnik GmbH & Co. KG | Brennstoffzellenstapel und Verfahren zur Befeuchtung eines Reaktionsmittels bei einem Brennstoffzellenstapel |
US6485857B2 (en) * | 2000-12-29 | 2002-11-26 | Utc Fuel Cells, Llc | Fuel cell hybrid flow field humidification zone |
US7132179B2 (en) * | 2001-03-28 | 2006-11-07 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Methods and apparatus for improving the cold starting capability of a fuel cell |
JP4950386B2 (ja) * | 2001-04-06 | 2012-06-13 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 燃料電池暖機装置 |
JP4708623B2 (ja) | 2001-08-22 | 2011-06-22 | 株式会社西部技研 | 燃料電池 |
JP2003068337A (ja) * | 2001-08-24 | 2003-03-07 | Toyota Motor Corp | 燃料電池システム |
GB2382455B (en) | 2001-11-07 | 2004-10-13 | Intelligent Energy Ltd | Fuel cell fluid flow field plates |
US6794077B2 (en) * | 2001-12-28 | 2004-09-21 | Utc Fuel Cells, Llc | Passive water management fuel cell |
GB2412784B (en) | 2002-01-18 | 2006-08-23 | Intelligent Energy Ltd | Fuel cell oxygen removal and pre-conditioning system |
GB2387959C (en) | 2002-03-28 | 2005-02-09 | Intelligent Energy Ltd | Fuel cell compression assembly |
JP4281382B2 (ja) | 2002-04-19 | 2009-06-17 | ソニー株式会社 | 生成水処理システム及び発電装置 |
ITMI20021338A1 (it) * | 2002-06-17 | 2003-12-17 | Nuvera Fuel Cells Europ Srl | Generatore elettrochimico a membrana con iniezione diretta di acqua liquida nei agenti gassosi |
JP3760895B2 (ja) | 2002-07-03 | 2006-03-29 | 日本電気株式会社 | 液体燃料供給型燃料電池、燃料電池用電極、およびそれらの製造方法 |
GB2390738B (en) | 2002-07-09 | 2005-05-11 | Intelligent Energy Ltd | Fuel cell direct water injection |
GB2396688B (en) | 2002-11-22 | 2006-06-28 | Intelligent Energy Ltd | Thermal energy management in electrochemical fuel cells |
GB2401986B (en) | 2003-05-17 | 2005-11-09 | Intelligent Energy Ltd | Improvements in fuel utilisation in electrochemical fuel cells |
GB2409763B (en) | 2003-12-31 | 2007-01-17 | Intelligent Energy Ltd | Water management in fuel cells |
GB2413002B (en) | 2004-04-08 | 2006-12-06 | Intelligent Energy Ltd | Fuel cell gas distribution |
GB2422717B (en) | 2005-02-01 | 2007-11-14 | Intelligent Energy Ltd | Detachable fuel cell power unit for vehicle applications |
GB2434845B (en) | 2006-02-01 | 2010-10-13 | Intelligent Energy Ltd | Variable compressibility gaskets |
-
2003
- 2003-12-31 GB GB0330272A patent/GB2409763B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-12-29 AR ARP040104954A patent/AR047358A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-12-31 EP EP04806257A patent/EP1719199B1/de active Active
- 2004-12-31 WO PCT/GB2004/005463 patent/WO2005064727A2/en active Application Filing
- 2004-12-31 US US10/584,780 patent/US8277998B2/en active Active
- 2004-12-31 MX MXPA06007516A patent/MXPA06007516A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2004-12-31 AT AT04806257T patent/ATE551742T1/de active
- 2004-12-31 CA CA2551674A patent/CA2551674C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-12-31 KR KR1020067015526A patent/KR101166251B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2004-12-31 RU RU2006127407/09A patent/RU2356133C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-12-31 BR BRPI0418263A patent/BRPI0418263B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-12-31 CN CNB2004800422258A patent/CN100502118C/zh active Active
- 2004-12-31 ES ES04806257T patent/ES2394955T3/es active Active
- 2004-12-31 JP JP2006546338A patent/JP5193467B2/ja active Active
-
2006
- 2006-06-23 NO NO20062957A patent/NO336638B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-06-27 ZA ZA2006/05295A patent/ZA200605295B/en unknown
-
2012
- 2012-08-28 US US13/596,456 patent/US8609288B2/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1922749A (zh) | 2007-02-28 |
JP2007517365A (ja) | 2007-06-28 |
ES2394955T3 (es) | 2013-02-07 |
GB0330272D0 (en) | 2004-02-04 |
RU2006127407A (ru) | 2008-02-10 |
EP1719199A2 (de) | 2006-11-08 |
GB2409763A (en) | 2005-07-06 |
ZA200605295B (en) | 2012-12-27 |
US20080248336A1 (en) | 2008-10-09 |
CA2551674A1 (en) | 2005-07-14 |
WO2005064727A3 (en) | 2006-05-18 |
US20120321972A1 (en) | 2012-12-20 |
WO2005064727A2 (en) | 2005-07-14 |
RU2356133C2 (ru) | 2009-05-20 |
BRPI0418263A (pt) | 2007-08-21 |
US8277998B2 (en) | 2012-10-02 |
NO336638B1 (no) | 2015-10-12 |
EP1719199B1 (de) | 2012-03-28 |
MXPA06007516A (es) | 2006-08-31 |
JP5193467B2 (ja) | 2013-05-08 |
AR047358A1 (es) | 2006-01-18 |
KR101166251B1 (ko) | 2012-07-17 |
CN100502118C (zh) | 2009-06-17 |
GB2409763B (en) | 2007-01-17 |
CA2551674C (en) | 2012-05-22 |
BRPI0418263B1 (pt) | 2015-09-22 |
NO20062957L (no) | 2006-07-31 |
KR20060128989A (ko) | 2006-12-14 |
US8609288B2 (en) | 2013-12-17 |
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