ATE512752T1 - Verfahren zum herstellen eines lufthartbaren edelstahlrohres - Google Patents
Verfahren zum herstellen eines lufthartbaren edelstahlrohresInfo
- Publication number
- ATE512752T1 ATE512752T1 AT02807571T AT02807571T ATE512752T1 AT E512752 T1 ATE512752 T1 AT E512752T1 AT 02807571 T AT02807571 T AT 02807571T AT 02807571 T AT02807571 T AT 02807571T AT E512752 T1 ATE512752 T1 AT E512752T1
- Authority
- AT
- Austria
- Prior art keywords
- producing
- stainless steel
- steel tube
- air
- welded
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
- C23C26/02—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00 applying molten material to the substrate
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K31/02—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to soldering or welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/02—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts
- B23K9/025—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts for rectilinear seams
- B23K9/0253—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts for rectilinear seams for the longitudinal seam of tubes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/167—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a non-consumable electrode
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/50—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for welded joints
- C21D9/505—Cooling thereof
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
- F16L9/02—Rigid pipes of metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/006—Vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
- B23K2101/06—Tubes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
- B23K2101/10—Pipe-lines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/34—Coated articles, e.g. plated or painted; Surface treated articles
- B23K2101/35—Surface treated articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/16—Composite materials, e.g. fibre reinforced
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/002—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/10—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies
- C21D8/105—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies of ferrous alloys
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US30197001P | 2001-06-29 | 2001-06-29 | |
PCT/US2002/020888 WO2004002673A1 (en) | 2001-06-29 | 2002-07-01 | Seam-welded air hardenable steel tubing |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
ATE512752T1 true ATE512752T1 (de) | 2011-07-15 |
Family
ID=34589897
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
AT02807571T ATE512752T1 (de) | 2001-06-29 | 2002-07-01 | Verfahren zum herstellen eines lufthartbaren edelstahlrohres |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20050257861A1 (ko) |
EP (1) | EP1551591B1 (ko) |
JP (1) | JP2005531414A (ko) |
KR (1) | KR100821117B1 (ko) |
AT (1) | ATE512752T1 (ko) |
HK (1) | HK1080786A1 (ko) |
WO (1) | WO2004002673A1 (ko) |
Families Citing this family (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7232053B2 (en) * | 2004-12-30 | 2007-06-19 | Kva, Inc. | Seam-welded air hardenable steel constructions |
US20070012748A1 (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2007-01-18 | Mccrink Edward J | Method for manufacturing multi-component structural members |
US7926180B2 (en) | 2001-06-29 | 2011-04-19 | Mccrink Edward J | Method for manufacturing gas and liquid storage tanks |
US7618503B2 (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2009-11-17 | Mccrink Edward J | Method for improving the performance of seam-welded joints using post-weld heat treatment |
AT412550B (de) * | 2003-06-24 | 2005-04-25 | Voestalpine Stahl Gmbh | Träger für eine fahrzeugkarosserie |
US7588837B2 (en) | 2005-04-29 | 2009-09-15 | The Timken Company | Welding together low and high carbon steels |
SE530614C2 (sv) * | 2005-11-03 | 2008-07-15 | Hydroforming Design Light Ab | Ramkonstruktion för ett objekt som är försett med åtminstone ett hjul och ett förfarande för att tillverka en sådan ramkonstruktion |
CA2711795A1 (en) * | 2007-01-10 | 2008-07-17 | Kva, Inc. | Method for controlling weld metal microstructure using localized controlled cooling of seam-welded joints |
CN101622365B (zh) * | 2007-01-17 | 2012-11-14 | Kva公司 | 使用焊后热处理改善缝焊接头性能的方法 |
US7974079B2 (en) * | 2008-06-17 | 2011-07-05 | International Business Machines Corporation | Integrated mounting system for communication and surveillance infrastructures |
US8752295B2 (en) * | 2010-12-29 | 2014-06-17 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Method of varying material properties |
CN103831591B (zh) * | 2014-03-07 | 2017-01-04 | 董武祥 | 镁合金薄壁无缝管车架的焊接方法 |
US20190211630A1 (en) * | 2017-08-11 | 2019-07-11 | Weatherford Technology Holdings, Llc | Corrosion resistant sucker rod |
DE102017216109A1 (de) | 2017-09-12 | 2019-03-14 | Federal-Mogul Wiesbaden Gmbh | Gleitlack, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung, Gleitelement mit einem solchen und dessen Verwendung |
DE102017216110A1 (de) | 2017-09-12 | 2019-03-14 | Federal-Mogul Wiesbaden Gmbh | Gleitlack, Gleitelement mit einem solchen und dessen Verwendung |
KR102473004B1 (ko) * | 2018-11-19 | 2022-11-30 | 아르셀러미탈 | 높은 강도 강들을 결합하기 위한 듀얼 패스, 듀얼 어닐링 용접 방법 |
JP2023503583A (ja) * | 2019-11-27 | 2023-01-31 | カスケード コーポレイション | フォークとフォーク上のハンガーとの間の接続 |
Family Cites Families (27)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2262693A (en) * | 1939-08-07 | 1941-11-11 | Rustless Iron & Steel Corp | Electric welding |
CA948281A (en) | 1971-09-07 | 1974-05-28 | David Sciaky | Method and apparatus for the production of welded tubing |
IT1044678B (it) | 1974-10-30 | 1980-04-21 | Krupper G | Miscela liquida e procedimento per rivestire corpi di materiale sintetico con uno strato di materiale sintetico simile a pelle |
JPS53131245A (en) * | 1977-04-22 | 1978-11-15 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | Welding method for martensitic stainless steel |
JPS5647214A (en) * | 1979-09-28 | 1981-04-28 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | Manufacture of welded pipe of special steel |
JPS59202117A (ja) * | 1983-05-02 | 1984-11-15 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | 二重管の製造方法 |
JPS6164823A (ja) * | 1984-09-06 | 1986-04-03 | Toshiba Corp | マルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼のア−ク溶接の後熱処理方法とその処理装置 |
US4885215A (en) * | 1986-10-01 | 1989-12-05 | Kawasaki Steel Corp. | Zn-coated stainless steel welded pipe |
JP2867295B2 (ja) * | 1990-08-03 | 1999-03-08 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | マルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼ラインパイプの製造方法 |
US5256219A (en) * | 1990-10-24 | 1993-10-26 | Mannesmann Aktiengesellschaft | Steel reinforcement tube |
JPH075972B2 (ja) * | 1990-11-27 | 1995-01-25 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | 低炭素マルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼ラインパイプの製造方法 |
JPH0713261B2 (ja) * | 1990-11-27 | 1995-02-15 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | 低炭素マルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼油井管の製造方法 |
KR930011627B1 (ko) * | 1991-08-24 | 1993-12-16 | 주식회사 부산파이프 | 내 수소유기 균열 특성을 갖는 원유 또는 천연가스 수송용강관 및 그 제조방법 |
DE4219336C2 (de) * | 1992-06-10 | 1995-10-12 | Mannesmann Ag | Verwendung eines Stahls zur Herstellung von Konstruktionsrohren |
JPH0681078A (ja) * | 1992-07-09 | 1994-03-22 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | 低降伏比高強度鋼材およびその製造方法 |
WO1994005824A1 (en) * | 1992-09-04 | 1994-03-17 | Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Structural member and process for producing the same |
US5871140A (en) | 1993-08-16 | 1999-02-16 | Mccrink; Edward J. | Hollow shaft and method of making same |
US5485948A (en) | 1993-07-26 | 1996-01-23 | Mccrink; Edward J. | Shaft and method of making same |
WO1996002678A1 (fr) | 1994-07-18 | 1996-02-01 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Procede pour produire un acier et des tubes en acier presentant une excellente resistance a la corrosion et une excellente soudabilite |
JP3033483B2 (ja) * | 1995-12-07 | 2000-04-17 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | 耐炭酸ガス腐食性に優れたマルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼溶接管の製造方法 |
JPH09327721A (ja) | 1996-06-11 | 1997-12-22 | Nkk Corp | 溶接性に優れたマルテンサイト系ステンレス溶接鋼管の製造方法 |
TW426753B (en) * | 1997-06-30 | 2001-03-21 | Sumitomo Metal Ind | Method of oxidizing inner surface of ferritic stainless steel pipe |
JP4138929B2 (ja) * | 1998-03-06 | 2008-08-27 | 日新製鋼株式会社 | 高周波造管方法 |
WO1999047287A2 (en) * | 1998-03-18 | 1999-09-23 | Huynh, Oanh | Tube-forming machine and method |
JP3620319B2 (ja) * | 1998-12-18 | 2005-02-16 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 耐食性と溶接性に優れたマルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼 |
JP2001062522A (ja) * | 1999-08-26 | 2001-03-13 | Nippon Steel Corp | 二重管ハイドロフォーム加工方法 |
JP2002301577A (ja) * | 2001-04-05 | 2002-10-15 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | マルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼の接合方法 |
-
2002
- 2002-07-01 JP JP2004517485A patent/JP2005531414A/ja active Pending
- 2002-07-01 EP EP02807571A patent/EP1551591B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-07-01 WO PCT/US2002/020888 patent/WO2004002673A1/en active Application Filing
- 2002-07-01 AT AT02807571T patent/ATE512752T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-07-01 KR KR1020047021510A patent/KR100821117B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2005
- 2005-01-07 US US11/031,328 patent/US20050257861A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2006
- 2006-01-12 HK HK06100480.1A patent/HK1080786A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1551591B1 (en) | 2011-06-15 |
US20050257861A1 (en) | 2005-11-24 |
WO2004002673A1 (en) | 2004-01-08 |
KR20050038595A (ko) | 2005-04-27 |
EP1551591A4 (en) | 2008-03-12 |
JP2005531414A (ja) | 2005-10-20 |
EP1551591A1 (en) | 2005-07-13 |
HK1080786A1 (en) | 2006-05-04 |
KR100821117B1 (ko) | 2008-04-11 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
HK1080786A1 (en) | Method of producing an air hardenable stainless steel tube | |
DE60231279D1 (de) | Verfahren zum Herstellen von nahtlosen Rohren aus hochfester, hochzäher, martensitischer Rostfreistahl | |
DE602006016118D1 (de) | Rohrbieger und verfahren | |
HK1078637A1 (en) | Metal bellows tube, method of producing the same, and flexible tube for high-pressure fluid | |
DE60318478D1 (de) | Verfahren zum herstellen eines abriebfesten stahlblechs und so hergestelltes stahlblech | |
DE60322092D1 (de) | Verfahren zum herstellen eines abriebfesten stahlblechs und so hergestelltes stahlblech | |
DE60319567D1 (de) | Verfahren zum herstellen eines abriebfesten stahlblechs und so hergestelltes stahlblech | |
DE50304579D1 (de) | Bipolarplatte und verfahren zu deren herstellung | |
ATE487551T1 (de) | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen eines dosenkörpers, sowie dosenkörper | |
DE502006002303D1 (de) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von innenvergüteten Glasrohren | |
DK1647339T3 (da) | Metalrör og fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af dette | |
DE60300027D1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Gegenstandes durch Diffusionsschweissung und superplastische Formung | |
DE60124672D1 (de) | Vernetzbare polyethylene zusammensetzung, verfahren zur herstellung eines rohres und rohr | |
DE60140241D1 (de) | Elektronenemittierende Vorrichtung, Elektronenquelle und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bilderzeugungsgeräts | |
DE60125070D1 (de) | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Herstellen von metallischen Faltenbälgen | |
ATE408099T1 (de) | Rohrverteiler und verfahren zur herstellung eines rohrverteilers | |
EP1451522A4 (en) | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR UNIVERSAL CUTTING OF CONDUITS BY MEANS OF A JIG | |
DE60143560D1 (de) | Transfer-folie und Verfahren und Vorrichtung, flache Kathodenstrahlröhre und Herstellung derselben | |
DE60220791D1 (de) | Geschütztes kunststoffrohr und verfahren zu seiner herstellung | |
DE602004019735D1 (de) | Apparat und Verfahren für die Elektronenstrahllithografie | |
SE0101775D0 (sv) | Apparatus and method for reshaping tubes | |
DE502004006517D1 (de) | Reduzierstück und verfahren zum herstellen eines reduzierstückes | |
ATE330781T1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung eines rohres aus verbundwerkstoffen und hergestelltes rohr | |
ATE333328T1 (de) | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung eines rohres aus metallischem werkstoff | |
ATE514123T1 (de) | Verfahren und gerät zur oberflächenreinigung von einer optischen vorrichtung |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
RER | Ceased as to paragraph 5 lit. 3 law introducing patent treaties |