ATE41619T1 - Apparat fuer das induktionsschweissen. - Google Patents

Apparat fuer das induktionsschweissen.

Info

Publication number
ATE41619T1
ATE41619T1 AT85850013T AT85850013T ATE41619T1 AT E41619 T1 ATE41619 T1 AT E41619T1 AT 85850013 T AT85850013 T AT 85850013T AT 85850013 T AT85850013 T AT 85850013T AT E41619 T1 ATE41619 T1 AT E41619T1
Authority
AT
Austria
Prior art keywords
induction welding
magnetic field
electrically
welding
electrically conducting
Prior art date
Application number
AT85850013T
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Zoltan Pollack
Bengt Svaerd
Original Assignee
Akerlund & Rausing Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Akerlund & Rausing Ab filed Critical Akerlund & Rausing Ab
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of ATE41619T1 publication Critical patent/ATE41619T1/de

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7232General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
    • B29C66/72321General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of metals or their alloys
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K13/00Welding by high-frequency current heating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B29C65/3604Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3608Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint comprising single particles, e.g. fillers or discontinuous fibre-reinforcements
    • B29C65/3612Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint comprising single particles, e.g. fillers or discontinuous fibre-reinforcements comprising fillers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B29C65/3604Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3656Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being a layer of a multilayer part to be joined, e.g. for joining plastic-metal laminates
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B29C65/3672Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3676Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being metallic
    • B29C65/368Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being metallic with a polymer coating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/24Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight
    • B29C66/242Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours
    • B29C66/2422Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours being circular, oval or elliptical
    • B29C66/24221Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours being circular, oval or elliptical being circular
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • B29C66/542Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles joining hollow covers or hollow bottoms to open ends of container bodies
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • B29C66/545Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles one hollow-preform being placed inside the other
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B29C65/3672Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3684Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being non-metallic
    • B29C65/3696Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being non-metallic with a coating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0003Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
    • B29K2995/0008Magnetic or paramagnetic

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Shielding Devices Or Components To Electric Or Magnetic Fields (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Arc Welding Control (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
  • General Induction Heating (AREA)
AT85850013T 1984-01-24 1985-01-11 Apparat fuer das induktionsschweissen. ATE41619T1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE8400345A SE441074B (sv) 1984-01-24 1984-01-24 Anordning for induktionssvetsning
EP19850850013 EP0150165B1 (de) 1984-01-24 1985-01-11 Apparat für das Induktionsschweissen

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
ATE41619T1 true ATE41619T1 (de) 1989-04-15

Family

ID=20354427

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
AT85850013T ATE41619T1 (de) 1984-01-24 1985-01-11 Apparat fuer das induktionsschweissen.

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4571472A (de)
EP (1) EP0150165B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS60158991A (de)
AT (1) ATE41619T1 (de)
DE (1) DE3568954D1 (de)
SE (1) SE441074B (de)

Families Citing this family (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USRE33467E (en) 1985-01-30 1990-12-04 International Paper Company Induction sealing of paperboard
US4707213A (en) * 1985-11-12 1987-11-17 Continental Can Company, Inc. Induction heating unit for heat bonding a lid having a metallic layer to a container
US4825625A (en) * 1986-12-17 1989-05-02 International Paper Company Sealing method and apparatus for high capacity aseptic form, fill, and seal machines
US4749833A (en) * 1987-08-07 1988-06-07 Tocco, Inc. Induction heating for adhesive bonding
US4841706A (en) * 1987-11-18 1989-06-27 Carlisle Corporation Non-penetrating fastener for affixing elastomeric sheeting to a roof
US5013878A (en) * 1988-12-20 1991-05-07 International Paper Company Induction heat sealing lap-seamed containers to non-metallic closures
US5053593A (en) * 1989-01-23 1991-10-01 Nikko Corporation Ltd. Low-frequency electromagnetic induction heater
US4994637A (en) * 1989-10-30 1991-02-19 Fmc Corporation Induction coil with lapped joint
US5200587A (en) * 1990-10-22 1993-04-06 Fmc Corporation Induction heating coil with conical base
US5087804A (en) * 1990-12-28 1992-02-11 Metcal, Inc. Self-regulating heater with integral induction coil and method of manufacture thereof
US5503192A (en) * 1993-06-08 1996-04-02 Nibco Inc. Inductive welding of thermoplastic pipe
GB2328893B (en) * 1997-09-09 2002-05-01 Chiaphua Ind Ltd Welding
US7378624B2 (en) * 2005-02-11 2008-05-27 Denso International America, Inc. Method of welding a component inside a hollow vessel
US7886802B2 (en) * 2006-04-14 2011-02-15 Maxtor Corporation Thermode sealing with magnetic field compensation
EP2900745B1 (de) * 2012-09-28 2018-03-14 Dow Global Technologies LLC Zusammensetzung, verbindungsteil, verfahren zur verbesserten verbindung zwischen zwei oder mehreren mitteln zum befördern von flüssigkeiten und system zum befördern von flüssigkeiten
USD719596S1 (en) 2012-12-20 2014-12-16 Sfs Intec Holding Ag Induction apparatus

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1859680A (en) * 1928-09-19 1932-05-24 Ajax Metal Company Induction electric furnace
US2090692A (en) * 1934-12-28 1937-08-24 Carborundum Co Control of furnace temperature
US2493950A (en) * 1944-12-01 1950-01-10 Gen Motors Corp High-frequency inductive welding apparatus
GB1037333A (en) * 1964-02-28 1966-07-27 Tube Prod Ltd Improvements relating to tube welding
DE1219142B (de) * 1965-02-16 1966-06-16 Reinhardt Maschb G M B H Kuehlvorrichtung fuer Ferrit-Kerne zum Induktions-Hochfrequenzschweissen
US3462336A (en) * 1965-10-21 1969-08-19 Heller William C Jun Induction heating process
CA916244A (en) * 1969-02-27 1972-12-05 Elphiac Induction heating inductor
US3651299A (en) * 1970-06-22 1972-03-21 Continental Can Co Method for sealing containers using heat activated magnetic sealing compound
US3808074A (en) * 1970-11-06 1974-04-30 United Glass Ltd Induction heat sealing of a container
BE788833A (fr) * 1971-09-17 1973-01-02 Soc De Traitements Electrolytiques Et Electrothermiques Perfectionnements aux presses a braser des pieces comportant des parties incurvees
US3727022A (en) * 1972-07-17 1973-04-10 Procter & Gamble Electromagnetic heating and sealing
SE421164B (sv) * 1979-03-08 1981-11-30 Rigello Pak Ab Induktor for induktionssvetsning samt sett att tillverka densamma

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0150165A2 (de) 1985-07-31
SE8400345D0 (sv) 1984-01-24
EP0150165A3 (en) 1987-12-16
SE441074B (sv) 1985-09-09
DE3568954D1 (en) 1989-04-27
US4571472A (en) 1986-02-18
JPH0469033B2 (de) 1992-11-05
SE8400345L (sv) 1985-07-25
EP0150165B1 (de) 1989-03-22
JPS60158991A (ja) 1985-08-20

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
ATE41619T1 (de) Apparat fuer das induktionsschweissen.
DE68928292D1 (de) Elektrische Oberflächenspulenanordnungen
ES515005A0 (es) "una disposicion de circuito de distribucion de energia electrica".
NO902997D0 (no) Fjernbar baereplate for elektrisk anordning for en energifordelingsanordning.
MX158146A (es) Mejoras en sistema generador de energia electrica
ES546235A0 (es) Un aparato de servodireccion electrica
ATE99807T1 (de) Ueberwachung einer batterie.
DE3886158D1 (de) Elektrisch leitfähige Eisenoxid-Partikel.
ES2017914B3 (es) Aparato suplementario para una cocina electrica
MX152761A (es) Mejoras en almohadilla calefactora electrica con vibrador portatil
ES549947A0 (es) Perfeccionamientos en los sistemas de control de los apara- tos de soldadura por resistencia electrica
MX153676A (es) Mejoras en conjunto de conexion electrica
MX150409A (es) Mejoras en un sistema de suministro de energia electrica
SG43845A1 (en) Apparatus for production electrosuspensions
DE3672025D1 (de) Energieanalysator fuer geladene teilchen.
SE8903423L (sv) Elektrisk anordning
DE3050470A1 (de) Device for controlling the voltage and reactance in an electric circuit
ES269432Y (es) Dispositivo de soporte y alimentacion electrica.
KR890023301U (ko) 전기 고주파 마그네틱 플럭스에 의한 난방장치
ATE31994T1 (de) Segmentierte spulen fuer torusfoermige magnetfeldspulen und anwendungsmethode.
MX155022A (es) Mejoras en sistema de control de corriente electrica
ATE62762T1 (de) Regel- und schaltvorrichtung fuer elektrische heizung.
DE3678829D1 (de) Regel- und schaltvorrichtung fuer elektrische heizung.
IT8418311A0 (it) Generatore di campi elettrici e magnetici pulsanti per terapia magnetica ed elettrica simultanee
IT8419812V0 (it) Generatore di campi elettrici e magnetici pulsanti per terapia magnetica ed elettrica simultanee

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
UEP Publication of translation of european patent specification
REN Ceased due to non-payment of the annual fee