ATE228361T1 - Reduzierung der kardiotoxizität von antitumormitteln mit manganverbindungen - Google Patents
Reduzierung der kardiotoxizität von antitumormitteln mit manganverbindungenInfo
- Publication number
- ATE228361T1 ATE228361T1 AT97928368T AT97928368T ATE228361T1 AT E228361 T1 ATE228361 T1 AT E228361T1 AT 97928368 T AT97928368 T AT 97928368T AT 97928368 T AT97928368 T AT 97928368T AT E228361 T1 ATE228361 T1 AT E228361T1
- Authority
- AT
- Austria
- Prior art keywords
- reducing
- compounds
- cardiotoxicity
- manganeous
- antitumor drugs
- Prior art date
Links
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title abstract 3
- 206010048610 Cardiotoxicity Diseases 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000002246 antineoplastic agent Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- 231100000259 cardiotoxicity Toxicity 0.000 title abstract 2
- 229940041181 antineoplastic drug Drugs 0.000 title 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 229930012538 Paclitaxel Natural products 0.000 abstract 1
- 229940045799 anthracyclines and related substance Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229960001592 paclitaxel Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- RCINICONZNJXQF-MZXODVADSA-N taxol Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@]2(C[C@@H](C(C)=C(C2(C)C)[C@H](C([C@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@H]3OC[C@]3([C@H]21)OC(C)=O)=O)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(=O)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RCINICONZNJXQF-MZXODVADSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229940124597 therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
- A61K33/24—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
- A61K33/32—Manganese; Compounds thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
- A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
- A61K31/195—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group
- A61K31/197—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group the amino and the carboxyl groups being attached to the same acyclic carbon chain, e.g. gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA], beta-alanine, epsilon-aminocaproic acid or pantothenic acid
- A61K31/198—Alpha-amino acids, e.g. alanine or edetic acid [EDTA]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/28—Compounds containing heavy metals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/4415—Pyridoxine, i.e. Vitamin B6
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/444—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a six-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring heteroatom, e.g. amrinone
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/66—Phosphorus compounds
- A61K31/675—Phosphorus compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. pyridoxal phosphate
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P39/00—General protective or antinoxious agents
- A61P39/04—Chelating agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Semiconductor Lasers (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GBGB9613182.6A GB9613182D0 (en) | 1996-06-24 | 1996-06-24 | Method |
| PCT/GB1997/001721 WO1997049390A1 (en) | 1996-06-24 | 1997-06-24 | Reduction of cardiotoxicity of an antitumor agent using manganese compound |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ATE228361T1 true ATE228361T1 (de) | 2002-12-15 |
Family
ID=10795775
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT97928369T ATE225178T1 (de) | 1996-06-24 | 1997-06-24 | Chelate und metalchelate zur behandlung von durch freie radikale verursachte zustände |
| AT97928368T ATE228361T1 (de) | 1996-06-24 | 1997-06-24 | Reduzierung der kardiotoxizität von antitumormitteln mit manganverbindungen |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT97928369T ATE225178T1 (de) | 1996-06-24 | 1997-06-24 | Chelate und metalchelate zur behandlung von durch freie radikale verursachte zustände |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US6147094A (de) |
| EP (2) | EP0936915B1 (de) |
| JP (2) | JP4359651B2 (de) |
| CN (2) | CN1228694A (de) |
| AT (2) | ATE225178T1 (de) |
| AU (2) | AU720570B2 (de) |
| BR (1) | BR9709942A (de) |
| CA (2) | CA2259150A1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE69717447T2 (de) |
| GB (1) | GB9613182D0 (de) |
| IL (1) | IL127733A0 (de) |
| NO (2) | NO985917L (de) |
| NZ (2) | NZ333357A (de) |
| WO (2) | WO1997049390A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (29)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001527072A (ja) * | 1997-12-23 | 2001-12-25 | ニユコメド・イメージング・アクシエセルカペト | 一酸化窒素を放出するキレート化剤およびその治療上の使用 |
| GB9727224D0 (en) * | 1997-12-23 | 1998-02-25 | Nycomed Imaging As | Method |
| KR101312880B1 (ko) | 1999-10-01 | 2013-09-30 | 디엠아이 바이오사이언시스, 인크 | 금속 결합 화합물 및 그의 용도 |
| FR2823977B1 (fr) * | 2001-04-26 | 2006-12-01 | Univ Rene Descartes | Utilisation du mangafodipir dans le traitement des effets d'un stress oxydatif |
| GB0117645D0 (en) * | 2001-07-19 | 2001-09-12 | Isis Innovation | Therapeutic stratergies for prevention and treatment of alzheimers disease |
| US20040038904A1 (en) * | 2002-05-21 | 2004-02-26 | Angela Ogden | Method of treating multiple sclerosis |
| FR2863892B1 (fr) * | 2003-12-18 | 2007-05-11 | Univ Paris Descartes | Utilisation de mimetiques de la superoxyde dismutase et de la glutathion reductase comme anti-cancereux |
| ES2388064T3 (es) | 2004-04-22 | 2012-10-08 | Celator Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Formulaciones liposomales de agentes de antraciclina y análogos de citidina |
| RU2433818C2 (ru) | 2005-08-31 | 2011-11-20 | АБРАКСИС БАЙОСАЙЕНС, ЭлЭлСи | Композиции, включающие слаборастворимые в воде фармацевтические вещества и противомикробные вещества |
| CA2708113C (en) | 2007-12-14 | 2017-08-22 | Pledpharma Ab | Compounds for use in the treatment of cancer |
| BR112012000262A2 (pt) * | 2009-07-06 | 2016-02-16 | Pledpharma Ab | composição farmacêutica, e, método de tratamento de uma condição. |
| PT2707030T (pt) | 2011-05-09 | 2020-05-22 | Mayo Found Medical Education & Res | Tratamentos de cancro |
| RU2765805C2 (ru) | 2012-01-05 | 2022-02-03 | Эгетис Терапьютикс Аб | Калмангафодипир, новое химическое соединение и другие смешанные комплексные соединения с металлами, способы получения, композиции и способы лечения |
| AU2013327638B2 (en) | 2012-10-01 | 2018-06-14 | Mayo Foundation For Medical Education And Research | Cancer treatments |
| US20150313921A1 (en) | 2012-11-02 | 2015-11-05 | Pledpharma Ab | Cancer Treatment Methods |
| AU2015277494A1 (en) | 2014-06-16 | 2017-01-12 | Mayo Foundation For Medical Education And Research | Treating myelomas |
| US9446148B2 (en) | 2014-10-06 | 2016-09-20 | Mayo Foundation For Medical Education And Research | Carrier-antibody compositions and methods of making and using the same |
| TW201707725A (zh) | 2015-08-18 | 2017-03-01 | 美國馬友醫藥教育研究基金會 | 載體－抗體組合物及其製造及使用方法 |
| TW201713360A (en) | 2015-10-06 | 2017-04-16 | Mayo Foundation | Methods of treating cancer using compositions of antibodies and carrier proteins |
| WO2017120501A1 (en) | 2016-01-07 | 2017-07-13 | Mayo Foundation For Medical Education And Research | Methods of treating cancer with interferon |
| CA3014531A1 (en) | 2016-02-12 | 2017-08-17 | Mayo Foundation For Medical Education And Research | Hematologic cancer treatments |
| EP3432928A4 (de) | 2016-03-21 | 2019-11-20 | Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research | Verfahren zur verbesserung des therapeutischen index für ein chemotherapeutikum |
| AU2017238119A1 (en) | 2016-03-21 | 2018-10-11 | Mayo Foundation For Medical Education And Research | Methods for reducing toxicity of a chemotherapeutic drug |
| US10618969B2 (en) | 2016-04-06 | 2020-04-14 | Mayo Foundation For Medical Education And Research | Carrier-binding agent compositions and methods of making and using the same |
| CA3035377A1 (en) | 2016-09-01 | 2018-03-08 | Mayo Foundation For Medical Education And Research | Nanoparticle compositions for targeting t-cell cancers |
| EP3506942B1 (de) | 2016-09-01 | 2022-11-16 | Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research | Carrier-pd-l1-bindende wirkstoffzusammensetzungen zur behandlung von krebs |
| US11427637B2 (en) | 2016-09-06 | 2022-08-30 | Mayo Foundation For Medical Education And Research | Methods of treating PD-L1 expressing cancer |
| US11590098B2 (en) | 2016-09-06 | 2023-02-28 | Mayo Foundation For Medical Education And Research | Methods of treating triple-negative breast cancer using compositions of antibodies and carrier proteins |
| JP7025412B2 (ja) | 2016-09-06 | 2022-02-24 | マヨ ファウンデーション フォー メディカル エデュケーション アンド リサーチ | パクリタキセル－アルブミン－結合剤組成物並びに該組成物の使用及び製造方法 |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES444380A1 (es) * | 1976-01-16 | 1977-06-16 | Gosalvez Mario | Un procedimiento para preparar derivados metalicos antraci- clinicos. |
| US5223243A (en) * | 1987-05-08 | 1993-06-29 | Salutar, Inc. | Dipyridoxyl phosphate chelating compound intermediates useful as NMRI contrast agents |
| US4842845A (en) * | 1987-05-08 | 1989-06-27 | Salutar, Inc. | Radioactive metal chelates for dipyridoxyl phosphate |
| US4935518A (en) * | 1987-05-08 | 1990-06-19 | Salutar, Inc. | Manganese(II), chelate contrast agents derived from N,N'-bis-(pyridoxal ethylene diamine-N,N')-diacetic acid and derivatives thereof |
| US6204259B1 (en) * | 1993-01-14 | 2001-03-20 | Monsanto Company | Manganese complexes of nitrogen-containing macrocyclic ligands effective as catalysts for dismutating superoxide |
-
1996
- 1996-06-24 GB GBGB9613182.6A patent/GB9613182D0/en active Pending
-
1997
- 1997-06-24 AT AT97928369T patent/ATE225178T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-06-24 JP JP50255798A patent/JP4359651B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-06-24 WO PCT/GB1997/001721 patent/WO1997049390A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1997-06-24 CN CN97197429A patent/CN1228694A/zh active Pending
- 1997-06-24 CA CA002259150A patent/CA2259150A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-06-24 AU AU32688/97A patent/AU720570B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-06-24 AU AU32689/97A patent/AU720621B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-06-24 DE DE69717447T patent/DE69717447T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-06-24 NZ NZ333357A patent/NZ333357A/xx unknown
- 1997-06-24 BR BR9709942A patent/BR9709942A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-06-24 IL IL12773397A patent/IL127733A0/xx unknown
- 1997-06-24 JP JP50255898A patent/JP4162263B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-06-24 CA CA002258299A patent/CA2258299A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-06-24 CN CN97197438A patent/CN1228703A/zh active Pending
- 1997-06-24 EP EP97928369A patent/EP0936915B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-06-24 EP EP97928368A patent/EP0910360B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-06-24 WO PCT/GB1997/001722 patent/WO1997049409A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1997-06-24 NZ NZ333315A patent/NZ333315A/xx unknown
- 1997-06-24 DE DE69716104T patent/DE69716104T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-06-24 AT AT97928368T patent/ATE228361T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1998
- 1998-12-17 US US09/213,246 patent/US6147094A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-12-17 US US09/213,290 patent/US6258828B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-12-17 NO NO985917A patent/NO985917L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-12-17 NO NO985916A patent/NO985916L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1997049390A1 (en) | 1997-12-31 |
| CN1228703A (zh) | 1999-09-15 |
| NO985916L (no) | 1999-01-25 |
| CN1228694A (zh) | 1999-09-15 |
| AU720621B2 (en) | 2000-06-08 |
| NO985917D0 (no) | 1998-12-17 |
| NZ333315A (en) | 2000-07-28 |
| GB9613182D0 (en) | 1996-08-28 |
| CA2258299A1 (en) | 1997-12-31 |
| ATE225178T1 (de) | 2002-10-15 |
| AU3268897A (en) | 1998-01-14 |
| NZ333357A (en) | 2000-08-25 |
| DE69717447T2 (de) | 2003-09-11 |
| JP4359651B2 (ja) | 2009-11-04 |
| DE69716104D1 (de) | 2002-11-07 |
| EP0936915A1 (de) | 1999-08-25 |
| US6258828B1 (en) | 2001-07-10 |
| BR9709942A (pt) | 1999-08-10 |
| AU720570B2 (en) | 2000-06-08 |
| EP0910360A1 (de) | 1999-04-28 |
| NO985916D0 (no) | 1998-12-17 |
| JP4162263B2 (ja) | 2008-10-08 |
| JP2000513351A (ja) | 2000-10-10 |
| CA2259150A1 (en) | 1997-12-31 |
| IL127733A0 (en) | 1999-10-28 |
| EP0936915B1 (de) | 2002-10-02 |
| DE69717447D1 (de) | 2003-01-09 |
| JP2000514044A (ja) | 2000-10-24 |
| EP0910360B1 (de) | 2002-11-27 |
| US6147094A (en) | 2000-11-14 |
| AU3268997A (en) | 1998-01-14 |
| DE69716104T2 (de) | 2003-05-28 |
| WO1997049409A1 (en) | 1997-12-31 |
| NO985917L (no) | 1999-01-25 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| ATE228361T1 (de) | Reduzierung der kardiotoxizität von antitumormitteln mit manganverbindungen | |
| HK1022301A1 (en) | Conjugates of cisdocosahexaenoic acid and paclitaxel | |
| DE69703294T2 (de) | Zusammensetzungen die konjugate von cis-docosahexaenoic-säure und taxotere enthalten | |
| PT960107E (pt) | Compostos de paclitaxel 6-tio-substituidos | |
| DZ2614A1 (fr) | Compositions pharmaceutiques topiques contenant des dérivés de résorcinol. | |
| EP0911039A3 (de) | Wirkstoff-Harzkomplexe stabilisiert mit Chelatbildner | |
| MY135985A (en) | Antitumor synergistic composition. | |
| ES2181744T3 (es) | Hidratos de paclitaxel cristalinos. | |
| BR9912327A (pt) | Inibidores da uroquinase | |
| PT1109571E (pt) | Metodos de tratamento da hipertensao e composicoes para utilizacao nesses metodos | |
| MX9601994A (es) | Profarmacos de derivados de paclitaxel. | |
| MXPA02005045A (es) | Preparaciones farmaceuticas que contiene agentes citostaticos y aceptores de electrones para el tratamiento de cancer. | |
| HK1032534A1 (en) | L-threonate ferrous, as well as pharmaceutical composition and use for improving and treating human anemia thereof | |
| DK1135169T3 (da) | Anvendelse af et farmaceutisk præparat indeholdende et anticancermiddel og mindst et peptid. | |
| DE69818492D1 (en) | 7-methylthiooxomethyl- und 7-methylthiodioxomethyl-paclitaxele | |
| EA200100353A1 (ru) | Применение производного антрациклина для лечения опухоли печени | |
| DK0777498T3 (da) | Konjugater fremstillet af metalkomplekser og oligonucleotider | |
| WO2002038566A3 (en) | Carbene porphyrins and carbene porphyrinoids for use in medical diagnosis and treatment | |
| WO2001000189A3 (de) | Kombination von mtp-inhibitoren und stoffwechselbeeinflussenden wirkstoffen und ihre verwendung in arzneimitteln | |
| ES2195922T3 (es) | Composicion sinergica que comprende derivados de daunorrubicina y compuestos antimetabolitos. | |
| FI965166A (fi) | Uusia kasvaimen- ja leukemianvastaisia aineita, niiden valmistus ja niitä sisältäviä farmaseuttisia koostumuksia |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| RER | Ceased as to paragraph 5 lit. 3 law introducing patent treaties |