AT61366B - Process for the preparation of nitrates of alkalis and alkaline earths. - Google Patents
Process for the preparation of nitrates of alkalis and alkaline earths.Info
- Publication number
- AT61366B AT61366B AT61366DA AT61366B AT 61366 B AT61366 B AT 61366B AT 61366D A AT61366D A AT 61366DA AT 61366 B AT61366 B AT 61366B
- Authority
- AT
- Austria
- Prior art keywords
- nitric acid
- nitrates
- alkalis
- preparation
- alkaline earths
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 title description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 3
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004157 Nitrosyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- VPCDQGACGWYTMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrosyl chloride Chemical compound ClN=O VPCDQGACGWYTMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 235000019392 nitrosyl chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- BMQVDVJKPMGHDO-UHFFFAOYSA-K magnesium;potassium;chloride;sulfate;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Mg+2].[Cl-].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BMQVDVJKPMGHDO-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Inorganic materials [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Description
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Verfahren zur Darstellung von Nitraten der Alkalien und alkalischen Erden.
Die Einwirkung von Salpetersäure auf Chloride der Alkalien und alkalischen Erden, insbesondere Kochsalz, ist bisher ohne praktische Bedeutung gewesen, weil auf diesem Wege voraussichtlich ein Gemisch von Verbindungen entsteht, die in der Natur in wesentlich reinerem Zustand vorhanden sind, und weil zur Erzeugung der Salpetersäure von dem natürlichen Salpeter aus-
EMI1.1
neuerdings Salpetersäure synthetisch aus der atmosphärischen Luft erzeugt wird und das Bedürfnis vorhanden ist, die auf diesem Wege gewonnene Salpetersäure in brauchbare und billige Düngemittel umzusetzen.
Man hat bisher die synthetisch gewonnene Salpetersäure auf Ätzkalk und kohlensauren Kalk einwirken lassen und auf diese Weise den Kalksalpeter hergestellt. Natronsalpeter, der gegenüber Kalksalpeter den Vorteil hat, dass er nicht hygroskopisch ist und mehr wirksamen Stickstoff enthält, wodurch er sich grösserer Beliebtheit bei der Landwirtschaft erfreut, wird auf die gleiche Weise nicht erzeugt, weil die betreffenden Ausgangsmaterialien, Soda bzw. Ätznatron, ungleich höher im Preise stehen.
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Zwar ist der Gedanke, das bei den Oxydationsverfahrcn des Luftstickstoffes entstechende Stickstoffoxvd direkt auf Lösungen von Chloriden einwirken zu lassen, in der französischen
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gesehen davon ist das dort beschriebene Verfahren nicht ohneweiters durchführbar, weil Stick- stoffoxyd gar nicht auf Chloride einwirkt und erst Salpetersäure gebildet werden muss; fernet ist es erforderlich, dass die zur Einwirkung gelangende Salpetersäure eine gewisse Stärke hat und dass das Reaktionsgemisch erwärmt wird.
Es soll nicht bezweifelt werden, dass tatsächlich nach dem Verfahren der angezogenen französischen Patentschrift Nitrate entstehen, es ist aber nicht möglich, anf diese Weise jede beliebige Menge Salpetersäure in Nitrate überzufübrea, da die Weiterbehandlung der Reduktionsprodukte nicht erwähnt ist.
Allerdings ist durch die österreichische Patentschrift Nr. 49481 ein Verfahren zum Cber- führen von Salpetersäure in Nitrate bekannt geworden, das in Verkennung des Verlaufes der in
Betracht kommenden Reaktionen sich der Arbeitskweise bei vermindertem Druck bedient, jedoch über den Verlauf der Reaktion bei gewöhnlichem Druck keinen Aufschluss gibt. Aus dieser Ver- öffentlichung ist schon ersichtlich, dass beim Arbeiten unter gewöhnlichem Druck ein Cbprschuss
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Salpetersäure (und zwar höchstens 37'5%1) gearbeitet werden, um trotzdem eine Umwandlung der Chloride bis zu 99% zu erreichen.
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Salpeters übergetrieben. Das bei dieser Destillation erhaltene Gemisch von Salzsäure und Salpetersäure dient zur Zersetzung neuer Mengen von Kochsalz, ebenso die regenerierte Säure, wenn solche nicht in das Zersetzungsgefäss zurückgeleitet, sondern für sich abgeschieden wurde.
Das Verfahren lässt sich auch auf Herstellung von Mischdünger anwenden, beispielsweise eines kali- und stickstoffhaltigen Düngemittels aus Kainit.
\ PATENT-ANSPRÜCHE:
1. Verfahren zur Darstellung von Nitraten der Alkalien und alkalischen Erden durch Einwirkung von Salpetersäure auf die betreffenden Chloride, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei einer Stärke von etwa 40 bis 50% der Salpetersäure mit einem Überschuss an dieser von nicht mehr als 37'5%, als nach der Gleichung
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erforderlich ist, gearbeitet wird.
<Desc / Clms Page number 1>
Process for the preparation of nitrates of alkalis and alkaline earths.
The action of nitric acid on chlorides of alkalis and alkaline earths, in particular table salt, has so far been of no practical importance, because in this way a mixture of compounds is likely to arise that are present in nature in a much purer state, and because they are used to produce nitric acid from the natural saltpeter
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recently nitric acid has been produced synthetically from the atmospheric air and there is a need to convert the nitric acid obtained in this way into usable and cheap fertilizers.
So far, the synthetically obtained nitric acid has been allowed to act on quicklime and carbonate of lime and in this way the calcium nitrate has been produced. Sodium nitrate, which has the advantage over calcium nitrate that it is not hygroscopic and contains more effective nitrogen, which makes it more popular in agriculture, is not produced in the same way because the raw materials concerned, soda or caustic soda, are much higher are in the prices.
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It is true that the idea of allowing the nitrogen oxide produced in the oxidation process of atmospheric nitrogen to act directly on solutions of chlorides is in the French
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Seen from this point of view, the process described there cannot be carried out without further ado, because nitrogen oxide has no effect on chlorides and nitric acid must first be formed; Furthermore, it is necessary that the nitric acid which is exposed to it has a certain strength and that the reaction mixture is heated.
It should not be doubted that nitrates are actually formed according to the process of the French patent cited, but it is not possible to convert any amount of nitric acid into nitrates in this way, since the further treatment of the reduction products is not mentioned.
However, through the Austrian patent specification No. 49481, a process for converting nitric acid into nitrates has become known, which in misunderstanding the course of the in
The reactions in question employ the procedure at reduced pressure, but do not provide any information about the course of the reaction at ordinary pressure. From this publication it can already be seen that when working under normal pressure, a test shot
EMI1.4
Nitric acid (and a maximum of 37.5% 1) must be worked in order to still achieve a conversion of the chlorides of up to 99%.
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Saltpeters overdone. The mixture of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid obtained in this distillation is used to decompose new amounts of common salt, as does the regenerated acid, if such was not returned to the decomposition vessel but separated out.
The process can also be applied to the production of mixed fertilizers, for example a fertilizer containing potash and nitrogen made from kainite.
\ PATENT CLAIMS:
1. A method for the preparation of nitrates of alkalis and alkaline earths by the action of nitric acid on the chlorides in question, characterized in that with a strength of about 40 to 50% of the nitric acid with an excess of this of no more than 37'5%, than according to the equation
EMI3.2
is required, work is being carried out.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT61366T | 1912-01-02 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
AT61366B true AT61366B (en) | 1913-09-25 |
Family
ID=3583245
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
AT61366D AT61366B (en) | 1912-01-02 | 1912-01-02 | Process for the preparation of nitrates of alkalis and alkaline earths. |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AT (1) | AT61366B (en) |
-
1912
- 1912-01-02 AT AT61366D patent/AT61366B/en active
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