AT518730B1 - Device for separating particles of different conductivity - Google Patents

Abstract

Apparatus for separating particles of different conductivity of a mixture of particles present in a fluid, comprising a substantially upright cylinder (1) within which is provided a means (5) for generating a rotating, outwardly acting magnetic field, for along the outside of Cylinders (1) downwardly flowing, in the magnetic field separated particles of suspended in the fluid particle mixture mutually staggered shots (9a, 9b) are provided, outside of the inner cylinder wall (1a) along these extending channels (2) are provided, which ever have at their upper end an inflow opening (3) for suspended in the fluid particle mixture and downstream, in the sphere of influence of the rotating magnetic field each channel (2) in two drainage channels (9a, 9b) is split, which offset from each other in the circumferential direction of entry areas (10a, 10b ) for separated different particles and discharge ports (11a, 11b) for these particles.

Description

description

DEVICE FOR DISCONNECTING PARTICLES OF DIFFERENT CONDUCTIVITY

The invention relates to a device for separating particles of different conductivity of a present in a fluid particle mixture, with a substantially upright cylinder, within which a means for generating a rotating, outwardly acting magnetic field is provided, wherein for along the outside the cylinder downwardly flowing, separated in the magnetic field particles of suspended in the fluid particle mixture mutually offset recordings are provided.

The use of eddy current already makes valuable services in many areas of raw material extraction and raw material recovery for the deposition of non-ferrous metals. In particular, rotary magnet arrangements are used which induce eddy currents in particles to be separated, provided they consist of a suitable conductive material, which according to Lenz's rule result in an opposing magnetic field, the generated repulsive force acting on these particles as a result of the influences the eddy currents and the magnetic field of the rotating magnet arrangement, depending on the design of the device, have a radial and a tangential force component. Such force components force the conductive particles away from other, non or less conductive particles.

One of the most common methods is the conveyor belt method in which the sorted material is transported on a conveyor belt to a usually located below the end region of the conveyor belt, rotating magnet assembly, wherein in the suitable conductive particles depending on the size and conductivity differently strong eddy currents are induced , which cause a repulsive force on these particles by their opposing magnetic field. Due to the generated repulsive force, these particles undergo additional repulsion which affects the parabolic trajectory of the non-ferrous metals thrown from the end of the conveyor belt such that the non-ferrous metals are thrown over an adjustable sorter edge, leaving unaffected non-metals below that sorter edge and separated from the non-ferrous metals.

A disadvantage of this method is the short residence time of the sorted material in the range of effect of the magnet arrangement and the resulting poor sorting of the particles. Especially smaller particles in the millimeter range develop weak eddy currents and can not be deflected strongly enough due to the short influence time of the magnet arrangement.

Another device is described in DE 3200143 A1. This is an upright hollow cylinder, at the upper end of an upstanding cone is arranged, wherein the cone is a cylindrical feed positioned, which extends to the transition region between the cone and hollow cylinder and has a certain distance from the latter, so that a A mixture of partially conducting, non-ferromagnetic particles poured from above into the feed is passed through the cone and the feed along the outer wall of the hollow cylinder. Within this hollow cylinder several equipped with electromagnets, rotating pole wheels are arranged one above the other, wherein the variable magnetic field of the pole wheels deflects the conductive, non-ferromagnetic particles of the falling particle stream to the effect that their radial distance from the cylinder wall during the separation process is greater and at the lower end of the hollow cylinder in a cylindrical, circular container to be collected, which is arranged separately from the container for the remaining, unaffected non-metals of the particle flow.

Since the falling particle stream is not performed during the separation process of the described device, an optimal separation of the sorted material can not be guaranteed, and further the entire device can only be operated in an exclusively vertical position. Likewise, the distance between the sorting material and the Hohlzy cylinder during the separation process for conductive, non-ferromagnetic particles larger, the influence of the magnetic field on the particles to be separated with the distance is weaker, which may require a larger or longer design, if small particles to be separated in the millimeter range. Finally, the electromagnets used cause a much weaker magnetic field than is possible with modern permanent magnets, whereby a sufficient force effect is given only for larger particles as desired in the present invention. Another device of the prior art is shown in WO 2010/031613. Disclosed herein is a separator for separating a mixture of magnetisable and non-magnetizable particles contained in a suspension guided in a separation channel, wherein a laminated ferromagnetic yoke, in particular iron, arranged on one side of the separation channel is provided with at least one magnetic field generating means for generating a magnetic deflection field a separator disposed at the exit of the separation channel for separating the magnetic particles. In this case, the magnetic field generating means is a coil arrangement which is arranged in grooves of the yoke along the separation channel, so that essentially a deflecting magnetic field, in particular a traveling wave, deflecting with the entire length of the separation channel substantially free from field effects arises. A similar device is shown in AT 511 981 A1, in which a magnet arrangement is arranged outside a cylinder and in this case also the distance between the sorting material and the magnet arrangement during the separation process becomes larger.

It is therefore an object of the invention, while avoiding the above-mentioned disadvantages and other limitations of the prior art to provide a device which ensures that the sorted material can be performed over the entire separation process in almost constant and the shortest possible distance to magnets ,

This object is achieved in that outside the inner cylinder wall are provided along this extending channels, each having at its upper end an inflow opening for suspended in the fluid particle mixture and downstream, in the sphere of influence of the rotating magnetic field, each channel in two outflow channels is split, which have mutually circumferentially offset entry areas for separated different particles and outflow openings for these particles.

It is advantageous if the means for generating a rotating, outwardly acting magnetic field is a rotating magnet arrangement, wherein it is expedient if the magnet arrangement has at least one magnetic ring arranged in juxtaposition of permanent magnets and two or more superimposed magnetic rings are provided ,

In an expedient embodiment of the invention, the at least one magnetic ring on permanent magnets in a Haibach configuration with outwardly directed field lines.

It can also be provided that the means for generating a rotating, outwardly acting magnetic field is a coil arrangement for generating a rotating field.

It is advantageous if the channels between the inner cylinder wall and a boundary wall surrounding this concentrically bounding with separating webs are formed and run the split flow channels between the inner cylinder wall and the surrounding boundary wall parallel.

For example, depending on a boundary web pass over a transition section in an offset in the circumferential direction of the cylinder and in the direction of rotation of the magnetic field, which forms the first outflow together with one of the transition region downwardly extending divider and the cylinder walls.

Preferably, the interior of the cylinder can be sealed abge against the external environment.

Due to the design of the channels, the sorting material can be performed over the entire separation process close to the magnet, resulting in a smaller construction of the device, with constant effectiveness compared to other devices of the prior art.

In the following the invention is explained in detail with reference to the drawing. 1 shows an embodiment of the invention, FIG. 2 shows a plan view of the Halbbach configuration of the permanent magnets with the north-south pole curve drawn in, and [0019] FIG. 3 shows a side view of a plurality of magnetic rings.

FIG. 1 shows a cylinder 1 in which channels 2 are arranged outside an inner cylinder wall 1a, wherein in FIG. 1 only one channel 2 is shown completely to simplify the illustration and others are indicated only by their respective inflow opening 3 are. The number of channels 2 may vary depending on the need and size of the design. The channels 2 are limited in the circumferential direction by limiting webs 4, which are arranged between the inner cylinder wall 1 a and an outer cylinder wall 1 b, and in the radial direction by the inner and outer cylinder wall 1 a, 1 b. The channels 2 are substantially parallel to the generatrix of the cylinder or to its axis a.

In an example realized embodiment, the inner cylinder wall 1a have a diameter of 10 cm to 15 cm, wherein the inner cylinder wall 1a and the outer cylinder wall 1b should have a distance of 0.5 cm to 1 cm.

In general, a common feed, not shown above the inflow openings 3 of the channels 2 will be provided to distribute a particle mixture of non-ferrous metals and non-metals, which is preferably suspended in a fluid, centrally in the individual channels 2. A suitable fluid will in many cases be water, with oils or air or other gases also being used.

Within the cylinder 1, a magnet assembly 5 is provided which is annular, which can rotate about the axis a and consists of juxtaposed permanent magnet 6, which are arranged in the embodiment shown in a Haibach configuration, wherein the magnetization direction used Permanent magnets 6 is tilted against each other by 90 ° in the direction of the axis of rotation a, as shown in Fig. 2, thereby the field lines on the inner cylinder wall 1a side facing closer together, and accordingly an increase in the magnetic flux density is effected. Within the circular magnet arrangement 5, the field lines are less narrow, so that the magnetic field is weakened or completely disappears. The permanent magnets 6 are mounted on a support disk 7, for example made of aluminum, and arranged as close as possible to the inner cylinder wall 1a, as shown in Fig. 2, namely without coming into contact with the inner cylinder wall 1a during rotation.

Depending on requirements, a plurality of magnetic rings 5-1, 5-2, 5-3 can be arranged one above the other, as shown in Fig. 3 for three magnetic rings, which by means of a mounted on a motor M shaft 8, which congruent to the axis a of the magnetic rings 5-1, 5-2, 5-3 and disposed within the cylinder in the position of the cylinder axis are made to rotate. In one embodiment, the rotational speed of the magnetic rings 51, 5-2, 5-3 may be, for example, 8000 revolutions per minute, the rotational speed being able to be adapted to the requirements and size of the design or properties of the mixture to be separated and of the fluid.

The outward-acting, rotating magnetic field can alternatively be realized by a fixed coil assembly for generating a rotating field, wherein also ferromagnetic cores with pole pieces and an electronically controlled supply of Spulenanord voltage can be provided.

In the sphere of influence of the rotating magnetic field, each channel 2 splits into a first and second downstream drainage channel 9a, 9b, these outlet channels 9a, 9b being offset from each other in the circumferential direction inlet regions 10a, 10b for the different separated particles and outflow openings 11a, 11b for these particles.

In the embodiment shown, depending on a boundary web 4 via a transition section 4ü in a staggered in the circumferential direction of the cylinder section 4v, which together with one of the transition region 11 downwardly extending divider 12 and the cylinder walls 1a, 1b the first outflow channel 9a wherein this is arranged in the direction of rotation of the magnet assembly 5 and in the direction of rotation of the magnetic field (13), and the initial channel 2 maintains its original course and the second outflow channel 9b is substantially an extension of the initial channel 2.

The transition region 11 is arranged at the height of the magnet assembly 5 and extends at least over the height of this, so that downstream of the channel 2 guided, suspended in the fluid non-ferrous metals from the beginning of the transition region 11 to the upper edge of the separating web 12, due to the Repulsive force generated by the rotating magnetic field induced eddy currents are deflected to this in the direction of rotation of the magnet assembly 5 and in the direction of the inlet opening 10a of the first outflow channel 9a, with non-metals of the suspended particle mixture from the magnetic field unaffected the channel 2 and the second outflow channel 9b further downstream consequences.

It is advantageous if the transition region 4ü in its design (height and position relative to the magnetic rings), and the channel widths 9a, 9b and their ratio, and the exact position of the separating web 12 can be adapted to the nature of the separating material ,

As already mentioned, the fluid used in which the particle mixture is suspended can be air or water, as well as any other gaseous or diamagnetic carrier medium. In contrast to the devices described in DE 3200143 A1 and AT 511 981 A1, the invention can be operated not only vertically, but at any tilt angle relative to the horizontal. If a liquid fluid is used, horizontal operation is possible in addition to the vertical and inclined orientation, with an added benefit of the generally higher viscosity of liquids over air, as the non-ferrous metals suspended therein may be in the magnetic field more effectively, and This favors a more compact design. Likewise, particles suspended in a liquid fluid can be separated in the sub-millimeter range because their induced eddy currents are less pronounced, and consequently the developed repulsive force on these particles is lower, and a longer residence time of these particles in the area of action of the magnet assembly 5 favors optimal separation.

At the end of the first outflow channel 9a is the discharge opening 11a for the separated non-ferrous metals, wherein the non-metals influenced by the magnetic field are deposited through the discharge opening 11b at the end of the second outflow channel 9b. The discharge openings 11a, 11b open into a respective, not shown catch basin, from which the non-ferrous metals or non-metals can be removed.

Furthermore, the device as a whole in a liquid fluid, preferably immersed in water, both vertically, be operated at arbitrary angles of tilt, as well as horizontal, wherein at least in horizontal operation, a fluid flow along the channels 2 must be present. Likewise, it is expedient if the magnet assembly 5 is separated fluid-tight from the environment within the cylinder 1. The interior of the cylinder 1 can be filled with air or a gas, wherein, if high speeds of the magnet assembly 5 are desired, also a reduced air pressure, typically in the order of some

Millibar, comes into question to reduce the friction losses. For a corresponding drive, as well as its cooling is to provide in this application. Application for this would be, for example, the separation of minute gold particles from river sand, in which case the device is immersed in water and is filled from above in vertical operation or in the direction of the flow stream in horizontal operation with river sand. As described above, the gold particles can be separated into the first outflow channel 9a and collected by the associated outflow opening 11a, with the remaining river sand falling back to the bottom via the outflow opening 11b of the second outflow channel 9b.

REFERENCE LIST 1 .................... cylinder 1a .................. inner cylinder wall 1 b .... .............. outer cylinder wall 2 ................... channel 3 ............ ....... Inflow opening 4 .................... Limiter 4ü .................. Transition section 4v .................. Offset section 5 .................... Magnet arrangement 5-1,5- 2, 5-3 ... magnet rings 6 .................... permanent magnet 7 .................. ..Bearer plate 8 .................... shaft 9a .................. first drainage channel 9b ... ............... Second outflow channel 10a ................ Entry area of the first outflow channel 10b ........... ..... Entrance area of the second drainage channel 11 .................. Transitional area of the drainage channels 11a ................. Drainage hole of the first outflow channel 11b ................. outflow opening of the second outflow channel 12 .................. divider 13 .... .............. Direction of the magnetic field M ................... Motor a ........ ............Axis

Claims (10)

claims Claims 1. A device for separating particles of different conductivity of a particle mixture present in a fluid, with a substantially upright cylinder (1) within which a means (5) for generating a rotating, outwardly acting magnetic field is provided, for along the Outer side of the cylinder (1) downwardly flowing, in the magnetic field separated particles of suspended in the fluid particle mixture mutually offset receptacles (9a, 9b) are provided, characterized in that outside the inner cylinder wall (1a) extending along these channels (2) are provided, which each have at their upper end an inflow opening (3) for suspended in the fluid particle mixture and downstream, in the sphere of influence of the rotating magnetic field each channel (2) in two drainage channels (9a, 9b) is split, which offset each other in the circumferential direction Entry areas (10a, 10b) for separated from each other have different particles and discharge openings (11a, 11b) for these particles. 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the means (5) for generating a rotating, outwardly acting magnetic field is a rotating magnet arrangement (5). 3. A device according to claim 2, characterized in that the magnet arrangement (5) has at least one in the circumferential direction of the cylinder (1) juxtaposed permanent magnet (6) existing magnetic ring (5-1,5-2, 5-3). 4. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that two or more superposed magnetic rings (5-1,5-2, 5-3) are provided. 5. Apparatus according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the at least one magnetic ring (5-1, 5-2, 5-3) has permanent magnets (6) in a Haibach configuration with outwardly directed field lines. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the means (5) for generating a rotating, outwardly acting magnetic field is a coil arrangement for generating a rotating field. 7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the channels (2) between the inner cylinder wall (1 a) and a concentrically surrounding these outer cylinder wall (1 b) with intermediate boundary webs (4) are formed. 8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that the split flow channels (9a, 9b) between the cylinder wall (1a) and the surrounding boundary wall (1b) are parallel. 9. Apparatus according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that each a boundary web (4) via a transition section (4ü) in a circumferential direction of the cylinder and in the direction of rotation of the magnetic field (13) offset portion (4v) passes, which together with a from the transition region downwardly extending divider (12) and the cylinder walls (1a, 1b) forms the first outflow channel (9a). 10. The device according to claim 1 to 9, characterized in that the interior of the cylinder (1) is sealed against the external environment. For this 2 sheets of drawings