AT518475A2 - Ventilation system for a building, air distributor and modular system for a ventilation system and method for adjusting - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a ventilation system for a building with a number of living spaces (17, 17 '...) and / or utility spaces (18, 18' ...) comprising at least one fan (10), an air distributor (1) with at least one inlet (1). 5), which is connected to the blower (10), and with a plurality of outputs (7, 7 '...) for supplying the living spaces (17) and / or utility rooms (18) with supply air (3), and a plurality of Supply lines (13, 13 '...) which connect the outlets (7) of the air distributor (1) to the living spaces (17) and / or utility spaces (18), the outlets (7) of the air distributor (1) being connected by passive variable means provided for throttling the volume flow or are prepared for insertion of passive variable means for throttling the flow rate.

Description

The invention relates to a ventilation system for a building with a number of living spaces and / or utility rooms according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for adjusting such a ventilation system. The invention further relates to an air distributor for such a ventilation system, as defined in the preamble of claim 11, as well as a modular system with such an air distributor.

In particular, in residential buildings, but also in office buildings and the like, it is now common practice by means of supply and exhaust air to make a controlled exchange of air in the living rooms or utility rooms, with residential homes, the possibility of heat recovery air exchange is in the foreground.

The supply air is usually fed into the building with a central unit. This contains a blower and an air distributor. This is equipped with at least one inlet which is connected to the blower, so that the supply air from the blower passes through the inlet in the air distributor. Downstream, the air distributor on a plurality of outputs, via which the living spaces and / or utility rooms of the building are supplied with supply air. Supply lines connect the outputs of the air distributor with the living areas or utility rooms.

The living spaces or utility rooms of a building that are ventilated are usually of different sizes. In addition, the air distributor connected to the blower generally can not be placed centrally in such a way that it is equidistant from all the living spaces or utility rooms to be ventilated. Rather, it is the rule that the supply lines in the individual living rooms or

Utility rooms have very different lengths and sometimes also different cross-sections. The supply lines often have to be laid with different changes of direction in the building, which has an additional influence on the flow resistance.

The different conditions in the supply lines, but especially the different room sizes make it necessary to adjust the volume flow of supply air at each output of the air manifold individually, so that the result in all rooms of the desired air exchange takes place, without exchanging too little air or drafts , which would negatively affect the well-being of the room users.

It is therefore customary, after installing a supply air system regulate the air manifold consuming, which requires an experienced ventilation technician who adjusts the air exchange in the individual rooms by throttling the volume flow through the individual outputs of the air distributor on site as needed. For supply and exhaust air systems, the balance between supply air and exhaust air must also be correct.

Such on-site adjustment is time consuming and costly. In addition, the quality of the result depends largely on the experience and the care of the adjusting ventilation engineer. Finally, all the outputs of the air distributor must be provided with a control unit for the volume flow, so that the ventilation technician can make adjustments in the installed state and during operation, preferably remotely controlled. An appropriately equipped air distributor is known from EP 2 479 508 A.

In order to replace the adjustment of the air distributor by a ventilation technician, some air distributors with electronic control units are used, which set the required volume flow on the basis of sensor values in the individual rooms. However, such a self-adjusting air distributor is again very complex and maintenance-intensive, not least because of the required sensor technology. Finally, he also needs a corresponding energy supply, which causes additional costs in the installation situation.

Based on this prior art, the present invention seeks to provide a ventilation system, a method, an air manifold and a modular system of the type mentioned, with which can be dispensed with a complex adjustment of the air distributor on site.

This object is achieved by a ventilation system with the features of claim 1, by a method having the features of claim 10, by an air distributor with the features of claim 11 and by a modular system having the features of claim 15.

Preferred embodiments of the ventilation system according to the invention can be found in claims 2 to 9; Advantageous developments of the air distributor according to the invention are set forth in claims 12 to 14.

According to the invention, an air distributor of the present type, which has at least one inlet and a plurality of outlets for supplying a plurality of living spaces and / or utility rooms with supply air, is accordingly equipped with outlets for which passive variable means are provided for throttling the volume flows of the supply air. These passive variable means according to the invention consist of individually attachable, non-adjustable means for throttling the volume flow and / or means that are not adjustable in the installed state of the air manifold. An inventive ventilation system is characterized by the fact that it contains such an air distributor.

Variable means for throttling the volumetric flow of the supply air conducted into the living spaces and / or utility rooms make it possible to manufacture an air distributor for a wide variety of applications, in particular for different buildings and to normalize its outputs, since the variable outputs for throttling the volumetric flow then enable the individual outlets the conditions on site can be adjusted. These variable means for throttling the volumetric flow are inventively made passive, i. it is purely mechanical means, such as diaphragms, rings, ring channels and the like, so that neither a power supply is necessary nor maintenance arises. Finally, passive variable means are also significantly less expensive than active means that require electronically controlled servo motors.

According to the present invention, the passive variable means for individually throttling the volumetric flows of the supply air in the outputs of individually attachable, non-adjustable means for throttling the flow rate and / or means for throttling the volumetric flow, which are not adjustable in the installed state of the air distributor. The means for throttling the volumetric flow can be, in particular, throttle rings, throttle diaphragms, perforated disks, angle bends, conical connecting pipes or nozzles with other cross-section reducing formations, adjustable slides and / or adjustable annular diaphragms. What they all have in common is that they can no longer be changed in the finished ventilation system without removing the air distributor.

The inventive method for adjusting the ventilation system with the air distributor according to the invention uses an air distributor, which in the initial state, the volume flow of the supply air substantially equally distributed from the inlet to the various outputs passes, i. whose outputs have the same air outputs. Optionally, the air distributor is prepared by means of air guide elements, such as air baffles accordingly, so that it distributes the volume flow of the supply air equal to the outputs, in such a way that the individual outputs have substantially the same air performance. Even before installation of the air distributor in the ventilation system, preferably still in the factory, the individual outputs of the air distributor individual volume flows or air outputs are assigned. This is preferably done with the aid of the software according to the invention for simulating the flow conditions or, if necessary, using empirical values. According to the individually associated with the individual outputs volume flows or air flows the passive variable means for throttling the flow rate are attached to the outputs and optionally adjusted. If it is not adjustable means, appropriate throttles are selected individually to set the desired flow rates at the respective output of the air manifold. The air distributor prepared in this way is finally installed in the ventilation system, where further adjustment is then unnecessary, ie. the complex on-site adjustment work can be omitted.

A modular system according to the present invention comprises an air distributor according to the invention and a plurality of different, non-adjustable means for throttling the volume flow, which can be attached to the exits and / or entrances of the air distributor, in particular the throttle rings, throttle diaphragms, perforated disks, angle bends and / or already mentioned above conical or with other querschnittsverringernden formations provided connecting piece.

In addition to the air distributor according to the invention, the ventilation system according to the invention preferably also includes software for simulating the flow conditions in the air distributor, taking into account the air flow conducted through the inlet of the air distributor and the length and geometry of the supply lines and the influence of different passive variable means for throttling the air distribution Volume flow is simulated. This software makes it easy to pre-configure in advance the air distributor for such a ventilation system, even if it is not a standardized application, in which the flow conditions are already known, but an individually tailored building or building with a new cut.

The air distributor according to the invention, in addition to the inlet and the plurality of outputs for supplying a plurality of living spaces and / or utility rooms with supply air, also have an outlet and a plurality of entrances for extracting exhaust air from the living spaces and / or utility rooms to to ensure a controlled exchange of air with the possibility of heat recovery. For this purpose, the air distributor is expediently divided into two separate sections, one for the supply air and one for the exhaust air. According to the invention passive variable means for throttling the volume flows are then also provided for the entrances for removing exhaust air, which in turn consist of individually attachable, non-adjustable means for throttling the flow rate and / or means that are not adjustable in the installed state of the air manifold.

The ventilation system according to the invention may include such a two-part, provided for supply air and exhaust air distributor; Alternatively, it is also possible to provide an air collector for the exhaust air in the ventilation system in addition to the air distributor for the supply air. Also, the air collector for the exhaust air includes at least one outlet and a plurality of entrances for removing exhaust air from the living spaces and / or utility rooms, for which a plurality of derivatives for connecting the living spaces and / or utility rooms provided with the inputs of the air manifold or air collector is. According to the invention, the inputs of a separate air collector also have passive variable means for throttling the volume flow of the exhaust air.

The software preferably present in the ventilation system according to the invention for simulating the flow conditions is expediently also intended to simulate the flow conditions in the air collector or a two-part air distributor, with additional consideration of the length and geometry of the discharges, guided by the outlet from the air manifold or air collector Air flow and different passive variable means for throttling the flow through the individual discharges.

As a result, in a simulation already in advance, before installation of the ventilation system, a balance between the supply air and the exhaust air of each living space or utility space found and the air manifold and possibly also the air collector are preconfigured accordingly, so that eliminates further adjustments on site.

The software for simulating the flow conditions expediently takes into account the respective volumes of the living spaces and / or utility rooms, which are to be supplied with supply air and possibly to be vented by means of exhaust air. The software for simulating the flow conditions also particularly preferably takes into account the respective use of the living spaces and / or utility rooms, since not only the volumes but also the usage result in different requirements for the required air exchange. For example, a bathroom room to ventilate to prevent moisture damage to ventilate more than, for example, a storage room that is hardly frequented by people, even if the two rooms have comparable volumes.

Within the scope of the present invention, it is further preferred if the software for simulating the flow conditions in the air distributor and / or air collector also takes into account maximum flow velocities through the inlets or outlets for the supply air or exhaust air, with respect to a predetermined limit value of flow noise , which is related to the flow velocity of the air flow. With such a simulation, the flow noise to be limited can be adjusted and optimized with the volume flows desired per supply line and per discharge. As a result of this optimization, the software issues a recommendation for attaching or adjusting the means for restricting the volume flows in the air distributor and optionally in the air collector.

According to a preferred development, the software for simulating the flow conditions can calculate the desired volume flow per supply line and / or discharge by taking into account the volumes of the living spaces and / or utility rooms and preferably also the use of the individual living spaces or utility rooms.

An embodiment of an inventively designed ventilation system is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and explained. Show it

1 is a perspective view of an air distributor, which is combined with an air collector,

2 is a plan view of a building with a schematic diagram of an inventively designed ventilation system,

3 shows a part of the ventilation system from FIG. 2 in a perspective,

4 shows a simulation diagram calculated by a software according to the invention, FIG. 5 shows the air distributor from FIG. 1 with calculated volume flows,

6 shows the air distributor of FIG. 1 with volume flows set on the basis of a modular system according to the invention, FIG.

7 the air collector of FIG. 1 with calculated volume flows,

Fig. 8, the air collector of Figure 1 with flow rates, which are set with a modular system according to the invention.

FIG. 1 shows an air distributor 1, which is combined with an air collector 2 and is provided for supplying a building with supply air 3 or exhaust air 4. The air distributor 1 has an inlet 5 for connecting a blower. In a corresponding manner, the air collector 2 has an outlet 6, from which the exhaust air flows and is directed to the outside.

On the output side, the air distributor 1 a total of six outputs 7, 7 ', ..., via which the supply air 3 is distributed to the individual rooms of the building.

In a corresponding manner, the air collector 2 on the input side has six inputs 8, 8 ', ..., which are connected to the spaces to be ventilated and through which the exhaust air 4 is removed from the rooms.

2 shows a plan view of the ground floor of a residential building, which is equipped with an inventively designed, schematically drawn ventilation system. This ventilation system comprises the air distributor 1 from FIG. 1, the air collector 2 of FIG. 1 arranged underneath, a heat exchanger 9 and a fan 10, both of which are only indicated, and by means of a supply air hose 11 and an exhaust hose 12 with the air distributor 1 or the air collector 2 are connected. Several supply lines 13, 13 'provide the individual rooms with supply air by directing the supply air from the exits of the air distributor 1 in the rooms. A plurality of discharges 14, 14 'connects the spaces with the inputs of the air collector 2. Supply air, which passes through an air intake 15 via the fan 10 and the heat exchanger 9 through the supply air 11 into the air distributor 1, is thus through the leads 13 in distributed the rooms of the building. At the same time exhaust air is discharged from the rooms via the discharge lines 14, collected in the air collector 2 and discharged through the exhaust hose 12 via the heat exchanger 9 through an air outlet 16 into the environment.

In the heat exchanger 9, the exhaust air 4 heat to the supply air 3 from.

The rooms shown in FIG. 2 are living spaces 17, 17 'and utility rooms 18, 18', one of the utility rooms 18 'being a kitchen 19. In this naturally increased air exchange is desired, whereas the other useful space 18 is a storage room that is hardly entered by persons. Nevertheless, these two utility rooms 18, 18 'have not too different volumes, but the nature of the use of the two rooms requires very different target air exchange rates, which is reflected in different flow rates at the corresponding outlets of the air manifold 1. The living spaces 17, 17 'must be supplied with different volume flows of supply air and exhaust air, since their volumes are very different. With similar use, therefore, the larger room must be supplied with higher volume flows of the supply and exhaust air.

Figure 3 shows to further illustrate the installation situation of the ventilation system in Figure 2 parts thereof isolated in a perspective. The air distributor 1 and the air collector 2 of Figure 1 are connected to leads 13 and leads 14, which lead into the individual rooms of the building. Here, each output 7 of the air distributor 1, each with a supply line 13, 13 ', ..., connected, while each input 8 of the air collector 2, each with a derivative 14, 14' ... is connected. From this representation, it is clear that for a desired air exchange in one of the living spaces 17, 17 'or one of the utility rooms 18, 18' not only its volume and, if necessary, its use must be taken into account, if the volumetric flows through the outlets 7 of the air distributor 1 determines, but also the length of the individual leads 13 and leads 14 and their respective geometries, ie in particular the cross sections, but preferably also their laying path, because curves and bends increase the flow resistance of the leads or leads 13, 14th

FIG. 4 shows a diagram that was created by a software according to the invention for simulating the flow conditions in the air distributor 1 in the installation situation, as illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3. As boundary conditions, the desired air exchange rates were specified in the living spaces 17, 17 'and the utility rooms 18, 18' and taking into account the lengths and geometries of the supply lines 13, 13 '... the desired volume flows at the individual outputs 7, 7'. . of the air distributor 1 is calculated.

As can be seen from the diagram, in the simulation a main focus was placed on the flow velocity in the air distributor 1 and in the supply lines 13, 13 ', because this has a direct influence on any flow noises that are to remain below a certain limit, so that they can be used for the Residents are inaudible. An optimization process with these boundary conditions and taking into account the guided through the inlet 5 in the air distributor 1 air flow, the volume flow is also preselected within certain limits, resulted in an optimized volume flow distribution, as shown in Figure 5 for the air manifold 1. In the present example, a volumetric flow rate of supply air 3 of 160 m3 / h was calculated, and on this basis, different setpoint volume flows at the individual outlets 7, 7 '... between 23.2 m3 / h and 29.0 m3 / h.

Since the air distributor 1 is an air distributor designed according to the invention, the outlets 7, 1 '... Are designed such that means for throttling the volume flow can be used. It is in the present example to diameter-reducing means (not shown), in this case diameter-reducing rings. These are available in a modular system according to the invention in prefabricated sizes, so that the outputs 1,1 '..., which are normalized to a maximum volume flow of 30.0 m3 / h (for a given volume flow of the supply air 3), are throttled in stages can.

Based on the calculated by computer simulation target volume flows, as shown in Figure 5, then the diameter-reducing rings from the modular system in the outputs 7, 7 'of the air manifold 1 are used, in a best approximation, so that the situation results, as shown in Figure 6: A part of the outputs 7, 7 'now has a flow rate of 25.0 m3 / h, while another part of the outputs 7 "lets through a volume flow of 30.0 m3 / h. The pre-configured air distributor 1 can then be installed in the ventilation system or in the building, as shown in Figure 2. An on-site adjustment and matching of the individual outputs 7, 7 'of the air distributor 1 can then be omitted.

In a corresponding manner, the software according to the invention calculates a distribution of desired volume flows for the exhaust air 4 in the air collector 2 or at its inputs 8, 8 '. The result is shown in FIG. The total volume flow of the exhaust air 4, which leaves the air collector 2 through the outlet 6, in turn, is 160 m3 / h. The volume flows that are collected by the individual inputs 8, 8 '... in the air collector 2, however, are individually calculated differently; They are between 21.0 m3 / h and 38.7 m3 / h.

Also, the air collector 2 is part of a modular system with (not shown) diameter-reducing rings for the inputs 8, 8 '..., so that the volume flows through the individual inputs 8, 8' ... of the air collector 2, as shown in Figure 8 , again in the result partially to 30.0 m3 / h and partially adjusted to 35.0 m3 / h. Again, it is a pre-configuration, so that the preconfigured air collector 2 can be installed in the ventilation system and with this in the building, as shown in Figure 2.

Thus, with the present invention, an air distributor and optionally an air collector can be delivered finished preconfigured to a construction site, where it is installed in a ventilation system of a building. A subsequent adjustment of the individual outputs or inputs is unnecessary; An optimized balance between supply air and exhaust air per living space and working space, the required air exchange rate and air exchange rate per living room and working space, as well as the respective flow velocities to avoid flow noise are already preset.

At the same time, this presetting is mechanically kept very simple due to the modular system according to the invention; the individual throttling takes place only via passive means, so that every electronics and energy supply is eliminated, the costs are minimized and practically no maintenance is to be realized.

In a rather rough approximation of optimized results, the means of reducing the volumetric flow can be used or preset by means of empirical rules. However, it is preferred to use a software according to the invention for simulating the flow conditions in the air distributor and / or in the air collector in order to calculate better approximations of an optimal distribution of the volume flows.

Claims (15)

claims Ventilation system for a building with a number of living spaces (17, 17 '...) and / or utility rooms (18, comprising at least one fan (10), an air distributor (1) with at least one inlet (5), with the blower (10) is connected, and with a plurality of outputs (7, 7 '...) for supplying the living spaces (17) and / or utility rooms (18) with supply air (3), and a plurality of supply lines (13 , 13 '...), which connect the outputs (7) of the air distributor (1) with the living spaces (17) and / or utility spaces (18), wherein for the outputs (7) of the air distributor (1) passive variable means for individual throttles of the volume flows of the supply air (3) are provided, characterized in that the passive variable means for individually throttling the flow rate of individually attachable, non-adjustable means for throttling the flow rate and / or means for throttling the flow volume consist, in the installed state of the air distributor does not increase are ellable. 2. Ventilation system according to claim 1, further comprising a software for simulating the flow conditions in the air distributor (1) and / or at the outputs (7), taking into account the through the inlet (5) of the air distributor (1) in this guided volume flow of the supply air (3), the length and / or geometry of the supply lines (13) and of different passive variable means for throttling the volume flows in the outlets (7). 3. Ventilation system according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the air distributor (1) or a separate air collector (2) with at least one outlet (6) and a plurality of inputs (8, 8 '...) for removing exhaust air ( 4) from the living spaces (17) and / or utility rooms (18) is provided, wherein a plurality of discharges (14, 14 '...) for connecting the living spaces (17) and / or utility rooms (18) with the inputs (8 ) of the air distributor (1) or air collector (2) is provided, and wherein for the inputs (8) of the air distributor (1) or air collector (2) passive variable means for individually throttling the volume flows of the exhaust air (4) are provided, the individually attachable, non-adjustable means for throttling the flow rate and / or means for throttling the flow rate exist, which are not adjustable in the installed state of the air distributor (1). 4. Ventilation system according to claims 2 and 3, wherein the software for simulating the flow conditions in the air distributor (1) also the length and / or geometry of the discharges (14), different passive variable means for throttling the flow in the inputs (8) and taken into account by the outlet (6) from the air distributor (1) or air collector (2) directed volume flow of the exhaust air (4). 5. Ventilation system according to one of claims 2 or 4, wherein the software for simulating the flow conditions also takes into account the respective living space and / or Nutzraumvolumina. 6. Ventilation system according to claim 5, wherein the software for simulating the flow conditions also takes into account the respective planned and / or actual use of the living spaces (17) and / or utility rooms (18). Ventilation system according to claim 2 or claim 2 and any one of claims 5 or 6, wherein the software for simulating the flow conditions in the air distributor (1) calculates the flow rate calculated for a predetermined limit value of flow noise through the individual outlets (7, 7 '. ..) as well as the per line (13) desired volumetric flow considered as boundary conditions and from this a recommendation for attaching or adjusting means for throttling the flow in the air manifold (1) calculated and outputs. The ventilation system according to claim 4, or claim 4 and any one of claims 5 or 6, wherein the software for simulating the flow conditions in the air distributor (1) and / or air collector (2) calculates the flow velocity calculated by the individual for a predetermined flow noise limit Outputs (7, 7 '...) and by the individual inputs (8, 8' ...), as well as the per each supply line (13) and each derivative (14) desired flow rate considered as boundary conditions and from this a recommendation for attachment or adjusting means for throttling the volume flow in the air distributor (1) and / or air collector (2) calculated and outputs. 9. Ventilation system according to one of claims 7 or 8, wherein the software for each supply line (13) and / or discharge (14) desired flow the living space and / or Nutzraumvolumina and use of the individual living spaces (17) and / or utility rooms (18). 10. A method for adjusting a ventilation system according to at least one of claims 1 to 9, wherein an air distributor (1) is used, the volume flow of the supply air (3) substantially equally distributed from the inlet (5) to the outputs (7, 7 '. ..), or the air distributor (1) is prepared accordingly by means of air guide elements, wherein the individual outputs (7, 7 '...) of the air distributor (1) assigned individual volume flows or air flows and accordingly individually different passive variable means for throttling the volume flow at the outputs (7) are mounted, and finally the thus prepared air distributor (1) is installed in the ventilation system. 11. Air distributor for a ventilation system in a building with a number of living spaces (17, 17 ') and / or utility rooms (18, 18'), with at least one inlet (5) and a plurality of exits (7, 7 '). .) for supplying a plurality of living spaces (17) and / or utility rooms (18) with supply air (3), wherein for the outputs (7) passive variable means for individually throttling the volume flows of the supply air (3) are provided, characterized in that the passive variable means for individually throttling the volume flow consist of individually attachable, non-adjustable means for throttling the volume flow and / or means for throttling the volume flow, which are not adjustable in the installed state of the air distributor (1). 12. Air distributor according to claim 11, which also comprises at least one outlet (6) and a plurality of inputs (8, 8 '...) for removing exhaust air (4) from the living spaces (17) and / or utility rooms (18) , wherein for the inputs (8, 8 '...) passive variable means for individual throttling of the volume flows of the exhaust air (4) are provided, which are individually attachable, non-adjustable means for throttling the flow rate and / or means for throttling the Volume flow exist that are not adjustable in the installed state of the air manifold. 13. Air distributor according to one of claims 11 or 12, wherein the means for throttling the flow rate throttle rings, orifices, perforated discs, elbows, conical or provided with other querschnittsverringernden formations connecting pieces, adjustable slide and / or adjustable ring diaphragms. 14. Air distributor according to one of claims 11 to 13, which also between the inlet (5) and the outputs (7, 7 '...) and / or between the outlet (6) and the inputs (8, 8' .. .) is provided with air guide elements, in particular air guide plates, to the volume flow of the supply air (3) and / or the exhaust air (4) substantially equally distributed from the inlet (5) to the outputs (7, 7 '...) and / or Outlet (6) to the inputs (8, 8 '...) to pass. 15. modular system with an air distributor according to one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of different, at the outputs (7) and / or inputs (8) attachable, non-adjustable means for throttling the flow rate.