AT517220B1 - SOLAR THERMAL DEVICE FOR PREPARING DRINKING WATER FROM WASTEWATER - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a portable, solar thermal device (10) for the treatment of drinking water from wastewater, comprising a the effluent in a waste water area (2) receiving the evaporation tank (1), a thus connected in fluid communication capacitor (11) and a collecting trough (26) Absorption and discharge of the condensate recovered by the condenser (11). According to the invention, the at least one condenser (11) is designed as a foldable film tube and arranged inside the evaporation container (1), the wall of which is acted upon by a cooling medium on the inside (22).

Description

Description: The invention relates to a portable, solar thermal device for the treatment of drinking water from wastewater, comprising a wastewater receiving the evaporation tank, a capacitor in fluid communication therewith and a collecting channel for receiving and discharging the condensate obtained from the condenser.

For supply or provision in disaster areas, such as earthquake areas, as well as in areas with critical drinking water supply, but also in expeditions to areas with inadequate infrastructure, devices and tools are needed to clean polluted water, for example, to produce drinking water from drinking water or to extract fresh water from salt water. In the following, sewage means polluted water, rainwater and also salt water.

A solar thermal device described above is known from AT 515 092 B1 and consists essentially of only three parts, namely two PET bottles, which can be assembled by means of an adapter by means of their screw connections to a water treatment device. The lower bottle serves as an evaporation container in which the dirty water is heated by sunlight, evaporates and then rises through a central opening of the adapter upwards. The upper bottle serves as a condenser. On the inner surface of the upper bottle thus condenses the evaporated water and forms drops, which then run down into the bottleneck to be caught in the adapter.

The adapter is substantially tubular and has at opposite ends in each case threaded receptacles for the two bottles. As a flow path for the rising water vapor is the opening cross-section of the adapter available. Furthermore, a collecting channel for collecting and discharging the condensate is formed in the adapter.

From AT 509 172 A1 a portable, solar thermal device for water treatment is further known, which consists essentially of the following parts: a wastewater vessel receiving the dirty water with a cylindrical

Connection area (for example the lower area of a PET bottle) · a condensing vessel forming the condensation area with a cylindri connection area (for example, the upper portion of a PET bottle), and [0008] · an adapter with a first and a second receiving flange for fastening the cylindrical connection areas of the waste water vessel on the one hand and the condensation vessel on the other hand, wherein the adapter serves as a separator for the recovered condensate and has a collecting channel equipped with a drain line.

The waste water vessel and the condensation vessel of the device can be prepared from the two parts of a cut in the lower third of the water bottle (for example, commercially available 3-liter, 5-liter or 8-liter PET bottles), which after cutting apart need only be attached to the two receiving flanges of the adapter, for which an adhesive strip can be used. The original shape of a bottle is recognizable after joining the two parts, with only the lower third of the inserted adapter or separator with the internal collecting channel is located. The disadvantage is only a certain amount of work for the user in the production and sealing of the water treatment plant and when collecting the treated water.

The object of the invention is to improve a portable, solar thermal device for the production of fresh water or water treatment in such a way that it is easy to prepare and in case of need quickly ready for use. Furthermore, the device should be stored and kept as space-saving as possible and achieve an improved yield of fresh water.

This object is achieved in that the at least one capacitor is designed as a foldable film tube, which is arranged in the interior of the evaporation container and whose wall is acted upon on the inside with a cooling medium. This creates an extremely compact, lightweight treatment device for drinking water.

For example, the film tube consist of juxtaposed hollow bodies of a foldable sheet material, wherein the tubular condenser, starting from a collapsed storage form in an elongated operating form is deployable. Advantageously, the folds of the film tube increase the surface of the condenser, which is flowed through by a cooling medium, whereby the efficiency is increased.

According to the invention, the evaporation container, which is preferably made cylindrical or prismatic, an inflatable skeleton of tubular elements, which span a transparent film. At the same time, with the inflation process, the tubular condenser arranged in the interior of the evaporation container is unfolded into its operating form, starting from its folded-up bearing form, similar to a bellows.

The solar thermal device according to the invention for the production of fresh water can be stored to save space and is immediately ready for use after inflation of the basic structure and the deployment of the capacitor.

For fresh water production from salt water or contaminated water this is filled in the waste water area of the evaporation tank made of dark or black plastic film and exposed the device of solar radiation. The water evaporates and condenses on the condenser flowing through the cooling medium, after which the resulting condensate is collected and discharged.

The individual hollow body of the capacitor preferably consist of the lateral surfaces of straight truncated pyramids or truncated cones, which have a base edge and a collar-shaped crossing opening to the adjacent hollow body, wherein the truncated pyramids or truncated cones are connected to each other at the base edges and collars. The basic structure may be triangular, square or hexagonal, with hollow bodies in the form of a double truncated cone are possible.

Advantages in the production arise when the hollow body of the capacitor have a square cross-sectional area and form a flat, octahedral body, with two opposite, blunt corners are cut to form the transfer openings for the cooling medium.

There are two main embodiments for the solar thermal device according to the invention for the treatment of drinking water, in a first variant, the at least one tubular condenser fastening means for horizontal arrangement in the evaporation tank above the sewer area, and a second embodiment in which the tubular condenser in a vertical orientation is arranged in the evaporation tank.

The preferred embodiments of the inventive device for the treatment of drinking water from wastewater are explained in more detail in the following drawings. 1 shows a first embodiment variant of the invention with a horizontal, tubular condenser in a three-dimensional view, FIG. 2 shows a detail view of the condenser from FIG. 1 in an enlarged view, [0022] FIG FIG. 4 shows a detailed illustration of the capacitor according to FIG. 2 in a longitudinal section, [0024] FIG. 5 shows the capacitor according to FIG. 2 with additional components, [0025] FIG planar film element for producing a hollow body of the tubular condenser, Fig. 7 individual elements of a hollow body for the production of the tubular

Capacitor in three-dimensional representation, Fig. 8 shows a second embodiment of the invention with a vertical, tubular capacitor in a three-dimensional view, Fig. 9 is a sectional view of the embodiment variant with a vertical condensate capacitor according to FIG. 8, [0029 ] Fig. 10 shows a transition element of the vertical capacitor between the individual

Hollow bodies, as well as a variant for the production of a tubular capaci tor of FIG. 8.

The illustrated in Figures 1 to 7 embodiment of a portable, solar thermal device 10 for the treatment of drinking water from wastewater, consists essentially of a transparent evaporation tank 1 with a waste water area 2 for receiving the wastewater and horizontally arranged in the evaporation tank 1, tubular Capacitor 11, whose wall on the outside 21 is in contact with the steam rising from the heated waste water and is acted on on the inside 22 (see FIG. 4) with a cooling medium. The condensate dripping from the condenser 11 is collected by a collecting channel 26 and can be discharged through an opening in one of the end walls 3, 4 of the evaporation container 1.

The evaporation tank 1 is preferably cylindrical or prismatic and has an inflatable skeleton 5 of tubular elements (see longitudinal struts 6 and support rings 7), which span a transparent, permeable to sunlight film 8. The skeleton 5 can be inflated, for example, with a bicycle pump, whereby the tubular capacitor 11 is deployed. In the horizontal embodiment variant, the wastewater region 2 is integrally formed or integrated on the evaporation vessel 1 and has a dark-colored base film 9, so that the wastewater heats up more quickly in the wastewater region 2 delimited by the two lateral longitudinal struts 6 '.

The tubular condenser 11 is designed as a foldable film tube and consists, for example, of lined-up hollow bodies 12 of a foldable film material which, starting from a compact, folded-up bearing form (see FIG. 1 and 2 shown elongated operating form can be unfolded.

In the folded storage form, the length of the film tube - compared to the operating form - be reduced by 70% to 95%.

To increase the effective surface of the cooling device and to facilitate Faltbarkeit the hollow body 12 of the capacitor 11, for example, from the lateral surfaces 13 straight truncated pyramids or truncated cones, each having a base edge 14 and a transition opening 16 to the adjacent hollow body 12 forming collar 15, wherein the pyramid or truncated cones are connected to each other at their base edges 14 and collars 15.

In an easily manufactured embodiment (see Fig. 1 to 7), the hollow body 12 of the capacitor 11 has a square cross-sectional area and form a flat, octahedral body, with two opposite, blunt corners cut off to form the transfer openings 16 for the cooling medium are (see Fig. 4).

For horizontal arrangement of the tubular capacitors 11 in the evaporation tank 1 fastening means 17, 18 are provided, wherein at the inlet end and at the outlet end of each tubular capacitor 11 each have a connecting flange 23 is formed, which closes sealingly with one of the end walls 3, 4 of the evaporation tank 1 (see Fig. 1).

As fastening means for the tubular condenser 11 may be provided on the hollow bodies 12 fixed hooks 17, which engage in a support cable 18, preferably made of plastic. The support cable 18 may be attached to the two connecting flanges 23, for example.

According to the invention in the interior of the hollow body 12 in the region of the base edge 14 each one on the longitudinal axis 11 'of the capacitor 11 normal separation surface 19 is arranged, which has edge-side passage openings 20 for the air used as a cooling medium, preferably ambient or outside air (see Fig. 4, arrows 35). By this measure, the air flow is deflected several times, extends the flow path and increases the efficiency. Shown is also the dripping on the outside 21 of the capacitor 11 condensate 36th

The arranged in the interior of the hollow body 12 separating surfaces 19 have a greater wall thickness or are more rigid than the flexible lateral surface 13 and therefore exert a support function for the hollow body 12 in its elongated operating form.

At or in at least one connection flange 23 of the condenser 11, a ventilation device 24 is arranged, with which a cooling air flow through the condenser 11 in the pressure direction or suction direction can be produced. Preferably, the ventilation device 24 can be driven with the electrical energy from a solar panel 25.

According to the embodiment variant shown in FIG. 5, the collection trough 26 arranged below the tubular condenser 11 consists of a foil material and has inflatable, tubular chambers 27 arranged on the edge, on which holding elements 28 engage, which engage on the hollow bodies 12 of the tubular condenser 11 are attached.

Fig. 6 shows a planar film element for producing a hollow body 12 of the tubular capacitor 11, which is punched or cut from a plastic film and after the welding or gluing along the edges 40, the lateral surface 13 of a quadrangular, square truncated pyramid results. The four trapezoidal surfaces each have an acute angle of about 50 °. The individual hollow bodies 12 according to FIG. 7 consist of a first truncated pyramid A and a second truncated pyramid B, the base edges 14 of which are welded or bonded to one another with the interposition of a separating surface 19 together with edge-passing openings 20 for the cooling air. Finally, the individual hollow body 12 on the collar 15, which forms the transfer opening 16, welded or glued together.

It is also possible to place two flat foil elements according to FIG. 6 one above the other and first to be welded or glued to the collar line 15. Thereafter, the two film elements are pulled up in opposite directions and welded at the edges 40. The resulting elements are then connected to each other with the interposition of each separation surface 19 zuzu a tubular capacitor 11.

The illustrated in Figures 8 to 10 embodiment of the portable solar thermal device 10 for the treatment of drinking water has a vertically arranged, tubular condenser 11, which is arranged in an upright, cylindrical evaporation tank 1. The wall of the condenser 11 is in contact with the rising water vapor on the outside 21 (see FIG. 9) and is acted upon on the inside 22 with a cooling medium (cooling water 37 in the form of drops). The tubular capacitors 11 consist for example - as described above - of lined-up hollow bodies 12 of a foldable film material, which are starting from a compact, collapsed storage form (see Fig. 3) in the illustrated in Fig. 8, elongated operating form unfolded as soon as the inflatable Backbone 5, consisting of longitudinal struts 6 and support rings 7, is inflated and the transparent film 8 span. Of the

Wastewater area 2 'is integrally formed on the front side of the evaporation container 1 or integrated in the vertical variant and has a dark-colored base film 9, whose diameter is larger than that of the cylindrical evaporation container. 1

At the inlet end of the tubular condenser 11, preferably at a connecting flange 23 with which the condenser is attached to the upper end wall 3 of the evaporation tank 1, a cooling water tank 29 is formed, which bottom-side openings 30 for dispensing cooling water 37 in the form of drops in the interior the tubular capacitor 11 has. The drop-shaped discharged cooling water drips onto the inside 22 of the hollow body 12 of film material and flows along the inner surface.

At the outlet end of the tubular condenser 11, preferably at its end-side connection flange 23, a cooling water outlet 31 is formed, so that the cooling water - after it has unfolded its cooling effect - enters the waste water area 2 ', is heated by the solar radiation S and evaporates.

To limit the longitudinal extent of the hanging of the upper end wall 3 capacitor 11, between the inlet side and the outlet side flange 23 support cables 18, preferably made of plastic, stretched. In the vertical variant with drip cooling no separating surfaces 19 are provided.

For receiving the condensate accumulating on the outside 21 of the condenser 11, a collecting trough 34 is provided, which is formed by a peripheral wall 38 of the lower connecting flange 23. The collected drinking water can be removed at a port 39 by means of a hose (not shown).

Fig. 10 shows a transition element 41 of the vertical capacitor 11 made of film material, which can be welded or glued between (only schematically indicated) adjacent hollow bodies 12, to round off the transition to the crossing opening 16 forming collar 15. By this measure, the wetting of the inside of the capacitor 11 is improved and dripping of the cooling water on the collar 15 is avoided.

For the vertically arranged variant of the portable, solar thermal device 10, the collapsible, tubular condenser 11 according to FIG. 11 can be formed from a plurality of foil strips 42 (four in the illustrated variant), which are connected to, for example, an angle of approximately 100 ° serrated lateral edges 43 are welded or glued together. Subsequently, connecting flanges 23 are fastened at the ends 44.

Claims (16)

claims 1. Portable, solar thermal device (10) for the treatment of drinking water from wastewater, with a wastewater in a wastewater area (2) receiving the evaporation tank (1), a thus connected in fluid communication capacitor (11) and a collecting trough (26) for receiving and Discharge of the condensate (11) obtained condensate, characterized in that the at least one capacitor (11) is designed as a foldable film tube which is arranged in the interior of the evaporation container (1) and whose wall on the inside (22) acted upon by a cooling medium is. 2. Solar thermal device (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the film tube of juxtaposed hollow bodies (12) consists of a foldable film material, wherein the tubular condenser (11) is deployable starting from a collapsed bearing shape in an elongated operating form. 3. Solar thermal device (10) according to claim 2, characterized in that the hollow body (12) of the capacitor (11) consist of the lateral surfaces (13) straight truncated pyramids or truncated cones, each having a base edge (14) and a transfer opening (16 ) to the adjacent hollow body (12) forming collar (15), wherein the truncated pyramids or truncated cones are connected to each other at their base edges (14) and collars (15). 4. Solar thermal device (10) according to claim 3, characterized in that the hollow body (12) of the capacitor (11) have a square cross-sectional area and form a flat, octahedral body, with two opposite, blunt corners for forming the transfer openings (16). are cut off. 5. Solar thermal device (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the at least one tubular condenser (11) fastening means (17, 18) for horizontal arrangement in the evaporation tank (1) above the sewer area (2). 6. Solar thermal device (10) according to claim 5, characterized in that in the interior of the hollow body (12) in the region of the base edge (14) in each case one on the longitudinal axis (11) of the capacitor (11) normally located separating surface (19) is arranged , which has peripheral passage openings (20) for the air used as the cooling medium, preferably outside air. 7. Solar thermal device (10) according to any one of claims 5 to 6, characterized in that at the inlet end and at the outlet end of each tubular condenser (11) each have a connecting flange (23) is formed with one of the end walls (3, 4) of Evaporator tank (1) sealing. 8. Solar thermal device (10) according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that as fastening means for the tubular capacitor (11) on the hollow bodies (12) fixed hooks (17) are provided, which in a supporting cable (18), preferably made of plastic, intervene. 9. Solar thermal device (10) according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that on or in at least one flange (23) of the condenser (11) a ventilation device (24) is arranged, with which a cooling air flow through the condenser (11 ) can be produced. 10. Solar thermal device (10) according to any one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that in the operating position below the tubular condenser (11) an inflatable collecting channel (26) for receiving and discharging the on the outside (21) of the capacitor (11). attached condensate is attached. 11. Solar thermal device (10) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the at least one tubular condenser (11) fastening means (18, 23) for vertical arrangement in the evaporation tank (1) above the sewer area (2 '). 12. Solar thermal device (10) according to claim 11, characterized in that at the inlet end of the tubular condenser (11), preferably at a connecting flange (23), a cooling water tank (29) is formed, which bottom side openings (30) for discharging cooling water in the form of a drop in the interior of the tubular condenser (11), such that the dropwise discharged cooling water drips onto the inner side (22) of the hollow body (12) of film material and flows off along the inner surface. 13. Solar thermal device (10) according to claim 12, characterized in that between the inlet-side flange (23) and an outlet-side flange (23) supporting cables (18), preferably made of plastic, are stretched, the longitudinal extent of the tubular capacitor (11) limit. 14. Solar thermal device (10) according to any one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that at the outlet end of the tubular condenser (11) a collecting trough (34) for receiving the on the outside (21) of the capacitor (11) accumulating condensate is attached , 15. Solar thermal device (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the evaporation container (1) is preferably cylindrical or prismatic and an inflatable skeleton (5) of tubular elements (6, 7) having a transparent Clamp film (8). 16. Solar thermal device (10) according to claim 15, characterized in that the waste water area (2) on the longitudinal side or front side of the evaporation container (1) is integrally formed or integrated and has a dark colored base film (9). For this 5 sheets of drawings