AT509719A4 - USE OF AT LEAST ONE, IN ONE OR UNDER A BUILDING, INTERMEDIATE POSITION - Google Patents

Description

Patent Attorneys HefelStHofmann

Patent Attorneys *

European Patent Attorneys European Trademark Attorneys

Dl Herbert Hefel (until 2006)

Dr. Ralf Hoimann Thomas computer 6806 Feldkirch. Austria Egelseestr 65a, PO Box 6'i 23168 34 / ir 100408 1

The invention relates to measures for reducing, in particular to avoid, caused by earthquake damage to buildings.

Damage or destruction of buildings caused by earthquakes represent a problem reaching far back into human history, which is still not sufficiently solved today. Although it is known, especially in earthquake-prone areas to increase the resilience of buildings in their construction their steel reinforcement perform more massive than usual. This solution is on the one hand very expensive. On the other hand, this type of reinforcement of the building also limits.

The object of the invention is to propose a new approach to reduce, in particular to avoid, damage caused by earthquake damage to buildings.

For this purpose, the invention provides for the use of at least one intermediate layer arranged in or beneath a building with or consisting of at least one elastomer for reducing, in particular preventing, earthquake damage to the building.

Furthermore, the invention provides a building, which is characterized in that is arranged to reduce, in particular to avoid damage caused by earthquake damage to the building at least one intermediate layer with or from at least one E-lastomer in or below the building.

Bank details Österreichische Postsparkasse Konto Ν '. 92 111.622, bank code 60000 Swift code. OPSKATWW IBAN: AT55 6000 0000 9211 1622

Soarkasse der Stadt Feldkirch Account no. 0400-006300, bank code 20604 Swift code: SPFKAT2B IBAN: AT70 2060 4004 0000 6300 T +43 (0) 5522 73 137 F +43 (0) 5522 73 359 M office@vpat.at I www .vpat.at VAT ATU 64196033

By earthquake one understands large-scale vibrations of the underground, which spread out from an earthquake stove, which lies mostly in the Erdinneren. Depending on the magnitude of the earthquake, the spread may be local or regional. In strong, especially tectonic, earthquakes, the vibrations of a single earthquake can also be registered worldwide. Especially with medium and stronger earthquakes, the vibrations spread over greater distances of usually several 100 kilometers and provide with appropriate strength and proximity to the earthquake stove for corresponding damage or destruction of buildings. Earthquakes can have different causes. They may be tectonic quakes caused by breaks or shifts in the Earth's crust and / or upper mantle. Here the earthquake stove is usually a few kilometers to ten-meter under the earth's surface. Earthquakes can also be caused by volcanic activity or outbreaks. Earthquakes can e.g. but also as so-called collapse quakes caused by the collapse of underground cavities, by landslides or the like. In areas where mining has been or is being operated, such collapsing earthquakes may also be due to man-made alterations, especially excavations of the subsoil. Another example of earthquake-induced earthquakes is that caused by the injection of liquids or gases into the ground. All these types of earthquakes have in common, however, that neither the timing nor the strength of the earthquake is predictable with certainty. In earthquakes, generally relatively low frequency oscillations occur with frequencies between 0.1 and 10 hertz. The occurring amplitudes or displacements can range from the millimeter range up to the range greater than 10 cm and a multiple thereof. It is characteristic of earthquakes that they usually have a dominant horizontal vibration component, which ultimately also leads to damage or destruction of buildings. In contrast, the vertical part of the vibrations in earthquakes is usually negligible, especially in terms of its effects on buildings.

The fundamental distinction to be made between earthquakes is the entry of vibrations into the ground caused by traffic or industry and the propagation of these vibrations. A major difference is the frequencies transmitted by the underground. These are usually in the range between 40 and 100 hertz for vibrations caused by traffic or industry. The registerable amplitudes of the displacements of the subsurface are also significantly lower than in earthquakes. The same applies to the range. The effects on the structures are also significant.

3 * · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ··· · Differences to vibrations caused by earthquakes. Thus, vibrations caused by traffic or industry usually have both a substantial horizontal and a substantial vertical share. In order to avoid or reduce the damaging effect of traffic or industry induced shocks, it is often possible to take relatively inexpensive measures directly at the source, while this is not possible with earthquakes. Here, each building must be protected on its own, since the earthquake stove, ie the source of the vibrations caused by an earthquake, is neither accessible nor definitively foreseeable in terms of its position or position.

The invention is based on the recognition that an intermediate layer with or made of at least one elastomer in or under the building leads to a significant reduction, even weaker vibrations even to avoid damage caused by earthquake damage to buildings. Investigations have shown that although the deflections in the building are not significantly changed by the intermediate layer. However, the shear or compressive stresses occurring in the building are significantly lower with inventive liner than without, which leads to the desired reduction or avoidance of damage caused by earthquake damage to the building. This is astonishing for the skilled person, taking into account the above frequencies occurring in earthquakes, since it is generally assumed that effective vibration damping begins to occur only from the root of the natural frequency of the body to be damped. It should be noted that the total natural frequency of a system consisting of building and intermediate layer is on the order of 10 to 15 heart, which should not be expected at the very low-frequency oscillations of earthquakes no attenuation.

For the sake of completeness, it is pointed out that an elastomer is understood as meaning a material, in particular a polymer, which exhibits rubber-elastic behavior. The elastomers include all natural or synthetic rubber products, e.g. also numerous polymers with rubber-like properties. With respect to their physical properties, elastomers occupy an intermediate position between solids and liquids. As particularly suitable for the intermediate layer according to the invention, elastomers have proven, which have or consist of a polyurethane. Basically, it may be foamed or unfoamed elastomers, which of course also applies to the special case of polyurethane. · · · * * * * · · «« • · * * "* * *" • * * * * * »* * · · · · I *" * * * | · T · I · · · ··· «·· f · * * * ··» * «4

In principle, the intermediate layer can be arranged at various points in and / or under the building. Particular embodiments of the invention provide that in each case at least one intermediate layer is arranged in several floors, preferably in each floor of the building. Particularly preferred embodiments of the invention provide that the intermediate layer, preferably over the entire surface, between a base plate of the building and, preferably directly, walls of the building arranged thereon and / or, preferably over the entire surface, between a floor ceiling of the building and, preferably immediately, on it and / or arranged underneath walls of the building. In this case, a full-surface arrangement of the intermediate layer between the respective panel or ceiling and the walls of the building arranged thereon or below has proven to be particularly favorable. Under full surface is to be understood in particular that all walls are only with the interposition of the intermediate layer with the base plate or the respective floor ceiling in contact.

Particularly preferred embodiments of the invention provide that the intermediate layer is arranged at the level of the surrounding terrain upper edge. As a result, it acts exactly at the transition between the part of the building located below the ground level, which is enclosed by the ground, and the protruding from the ground part of the building, which in contrast oscillates more or less freely.

Other embodiments of the invention provide that the intermediate layer is arranged one or two floors of the building below the roof of the building. Here, the floors arranged above the intermediate layer of the building act as a kind of absorber or counter-oscillator, which also protect the lower floors of the building by means of negative interference. It may be the only intermediate layer in the building. But it can also be a further, ie additional intermediate layer with or from at least one elastomer.

The intermediate layer and / or the further intermediate layer preferably have a thickness of between 10 mm and 100 mm, especially in the installed position in the building in the vertical direction. Thicknesses of the intermediate layer or the further intermediate layer of 25 to 50 mm are particularly favorable.

With regard to the elastic properties, it should be pointed out that particularly preferred embodiments provide that the elastomer of the intermediate layer and / or the further intermediate layer has a static shear modulus in a range of 0.02 N / mm.sup.-1 to 1.00 N / mm.sup.-7, preferably 0.05 N / mm 'to 0.80 N / mm', and / or a dynamic shear modulus in the range of 0.10 N / mm; up to 2.00 N / mm ', preferably from 0.15 N / mm <7> to 1.50 N / mm <7>, and / or a static elastic modulus in a range from 0.05 N / mm <7> to 15.00 N / mm <7>, preferably from 0.15 N / mm.sup.7 to 10.00 N / mm.sup.7, and / or a dynamic elastic modulus in a range from 0.10 N / mm.sup.7 to 20.00 N / mm.sup.7, preferably from 0.4 N / mm.sup.-7 to 15 , 00 N / mm7. The static shear modulus as well as the dynamic shear modulus have to be determined in accordance with DIN-ISO 1827. The static as well as the dynamic modulus of elasticity are to be determined on the basis of DIN 53513.

In FIGS. 1 to 4, various embodiments of the invention are shown by way of example in a highly schematic manner. Fig. 5 shows an example and schematically a preferred way of arranging the intermediate layer on the base plate or on a floor ceiling of the building.

Fig. 1 shows schematically a multi-storey building 1 with four superimposed floors 8, arranged above the top floor 8 roof 9, and arranged below the bottom or floor level arranged basement 11, which is hidden in the ground. The walls or walls 4 of a respective floor 8 connect each lying below this floor 8 floor slab 5 lying on this floor 8 floor ceiling 5. The walls 4 of the basement 11 connect the base plate 3 with the floor slab 5. Under wall 4 or Wall 4 is generally to be understood as a building wall. This can be bricked, cast from concrete or made of other materials and / or by other methods. The concept of building 1 basically includes buildings of all kinds, not just the residential buildings shown here schematically.

In the illustrated embodiment according to FIG. 1, the intermediate layer 2 made of elastomer in the amount of terrain surrounding the building 1 is arranged 7, which represents the 0-transition between the subsurface and lying above the ground area, so usually reflecting the position of the earth's surface. The thickness 6 of the intermediate layer 2 is, in particular seen in the installed position shown in the vertical direction 10, as already mentioned, preferably between 10 mm and 100 mm, especially »« T »· · Φ · Φ * · • • •« · · t t t t t # # # # # »» »» »» »» »» »» »» 25 mm and 50 mm. In the illustrated embodiment according to FIG. 1, the intermediate layer 2 provided for reducing, in particular avoiding, earthquake damage to the building 1 is arranged on the basement ceiling 5 forming the basement ceiling and under the walls 4 of the building 1 arranged on this floor ceiling 5. It is formed voilflächig between the walls 4 and the floor ceiling 5, so that all the walls 4 of this floor 8 stand up exclusively with the interposition of the intermediate layer 2 on said floor ceiling 5. Notwithstanding the embodiment shown, it is of course also possible to arrange the intermediate layer 2 between the walls 4 of the basement 11 and the floor slab resting thereon 5. Even then, the intermediate layer 2 is at the height of the building 1 surrounding terrain upper edge. 7

Fig. 2 shows the embodiment of Fig. 1, but in addition a further intermediate layer 2 'with or from at least one elastomer one floor 8 of the building below the roof 9 of the building 1 is arranged. Here acts the top floor 8 together with the roof 9, as already mentioned, as absorber or counter-oscillator to protect by means of negative interference, the underlying floors 8. Notwithstanding the embodiment shown like. 2, it is even conceivable to dispense with the intermediate layer 2 arranged directly above the basement ceiling 5 covering the basement 11. Of course, further additional intermediate layers 2 'may be arranged on or below further floor slabs 5. It is even conceivable that intermediate layers 2 and 2 'run with or from elastomer at a different height through the walls 4 of a respective projectile 8.

FIG. 3 shows a building 1, in which the top edge 7 of the terrain is scrapped so far that it runs in the amount of the base plate 3. The arranged in the first floor 8 door can be reached via the stairs 12, in this embodiment, the intermediate layer 2 is arranged directly between the base plate 3 of the building 1 and the walls 4 of the basement 11 arranged directly thereon.

Fig. 4 shows schematically a bungalow running without basement with only one floor 8. Again, the liner 2 with or at least one elastomer to reduce or avoid damage caused by earthquake damage to this building 1 between the base plate 3 and the on it arranged directly walls 4 of the building 1. «· · · · 4 · · * f I 4 • ·· I 14t« * «« II * t · · I · · 4 · * · * 44 · · «« * «« · 7

By way of example, FIG. 5 shows a plan view of a floor slab 5 or the base plate 3. It can be seen how the intermediate layer 2 is formed in a strip shape. This is sufficient so that it is arranged over its entire surface between the base plate 2 and the floor slab 5 and the walls 4 of the building 1 standing thereon or below it. This full-surface arrangement of the intermediate layer 2 ensures that the walls 4 are in contact exclusively with the interposition of the intermediate layer 2 with the respective floor slab 5 or base plate 3 so that there are no elastomer-free bridges over which the vibrations caused by the earthquake are transmitted without damping Depending on the load, the intermediate layer 2 can have regions of different stiffness or elastic moduli. So it is z. B. conceivable to use under non-load-bearing walls or walls 2 softer elastomers than in the areas in which supporting walls 4 with the base plate 3 and the floor 5 are in communication. As a result, caused by the different load different degrees of press-in can be avoided. 8 8 • ft

Legend to the reference numbers:

building

liner

baseplate

Wall

floor ceiling

thickness

ground level

floor

Roof vertical direction

basement, cellar

stairway

Claims (10)

• &lt; · "·" Patent attorneys HefelScHofmann * · · · · * * · · · "• * * * ·« · "· · · ** l» atentan * * i6te European Patent Attorneys European Trademark Attorneys DI Herbert yeast! (until 2006) Ralf Hofmann Thomas Fechner 680ό Feldkirch, Austria Egelseestr 65a, PO Box 61 23168/34 / ir 100408 1. The use of at least one, in or under a building (1) arranged intermediate layer (2) with or from at least one elastomer to reduce in particular for preventing earthquake damage to the building (1). 2. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that the intermediate layer (2), preferably over the entire surface, between a base plate (3) of the building (1) and, preferably immediately, thereon arranged walls (4) of the building (1) and / or , preferably over the entire surface, between a floor slab (5) of the building (1) and, preferably, directly on it and / or arranged underneath walls (4) of the building (1) is arranged. 3. Use according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the intermediate layer (2) at the level of one, the building (1) surrounding the upper ground edge (7) is arranged. 4. Use according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the intermediate layer (2) or a further intermediate layer (2 ') with or at least one elastomer one or two floors (8) of the building (1) below a roof ( 9) of the building (1) is arranged. 5. Use according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the intermediate layer (2) and / or the further intermediate layer (2 ') has a thickness (6) of 10mm bank accounts Österreichische Postsparkasse Account No. 92.111.622, BLZ 60000 Swift -Ccde: OPSKATWW IBAN: AT5S 6000 0000 9211 1622 Savings Bank of the City of Feldkirch Account No. 0400-006300, bank code 20604 Swift Code: SPFKAT2B IBAN: AT70 2060 4004 0000 6300 T i-43 (0) 5522 73 137 F 143 (0 ) 5522 73 359 M office@vpat.at I www.vpat.at VAT ATU 64196033 up to 100mm, preferably a thickness (6) of 25mm to 50mm. 6. Use according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the elastomer of the intermediate layer (2) and / or the further intermediate layer (2 ') has a static shear modulus in a range of 0.02 N / mm? to 1.00 N / mm ', preferably from 0.05 N / mmy to 0.80 N / mrrf, and / or a dynamic shear modulus in a range of 0.10 N / mm7 to 2.00 N / mmJ, preferably of 0.15 N / mm; to 1.50 N / mm.sup.7, and / or a static elastic modulus in a range of 0.05 N / mm.sup.-1 to 15.00 N / mm.sup.2, preferably from 0.15 N / mm.sup.-1 to 10.00 N / mm.sup.2 ', and / or has a dynamic elastic modulus in a range from 0.10 N / mm' to 20.00 N / mm ', preferably from 0.40 N / mm' to 15.00 N / mm7. 7. Use according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the elastomer comprises or is a polyurethane. 8. building (1), characterized in that arranged to reduce, in particular to avoid damage caused by earthquake damage to the building (1) at least one intermediate layer (2) with or made of at least one elastomer in or under the building (1) has. 9. building (1) according to claim 8, characterized in that the intermediate layer (2), preferably over the entire surface between a base plate (3) of the building (1) and, preferably immediately, walls (4) of the building (1) and / or, preferably over the whole area, between a floor slab (5) of the building (1) and, preferably directly, walls (4) of the building (1) arranged thereon and / or below. 10. building (1) according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the intermediate layer (2) in the amount of the building (1) surrounding the top surface (7) is arranged, and / or that the intermediate layer (2) or another intermediate layer (2 ') is arranged with or made of at least one elastomer one or two floors (8) of the building (1) below the roof (9) of the building (1).