AT507822B1 - DISTRIBUTION BOX FOR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRICAL ENERGY IN MODEL CONSTRUCTION - Google Patents

Description

Austrian Patent Office AT507 822B1 2011-12-15

The invention relates to a distribution box for distributing electrical energy in the model, with contact-based multipolar connections for contact via plug-in connections, if necessary, connectable electrical consumers, in particular for points, signals and / or lighting.

A generic Verteilerbox has been described by the applicant in the utility model DE 20 2007 004 547 U1 and AT 009 724 U1. These distribution boxes cause the distribution of supplied electrical energy to the output terminals of the distribution box. By simply connecting electrical consumers to these output terminals, they are permanently and relatively reliably supplied with electrical energy. Although this reduces the time required and the likelihood of errors in the electrical installation of model-making systems, increased functionality or the most effective possible operation of a model construction plant can not be achieved with it.

In DE 199 38 909 A1 a model railway system is described with a digital control system. This control system comprises at least one control panel for the locomotive controller, at least one model locomotive with a built-in digital receiver module or decoder, at least one digital switch receiver for switches or train signals, a power supply, electrical supply lines and an electrically conductive track system. By means of the digital switching receiver, selective switching of switches connected therewith or train signals starting from the control panel for the locomotive control or starting from additional control panels is made possible. For a mutual, functional assignment, corresponding addresses or address groups are to be set manually on the corresponding control panel as well as on the switching receiver to be controlled by means of DIP switches. In such a switching receiver, a microcontroller for evaluating the control signals is installed. The outputs of this microcontroller and consequently the consumers connected thereto can be selectively switched with appropriate control of the microcontroller, starting from the address-specific associated control panel. The microcontroller is permanently installed in these switch receivers. If required, these digital switching receivers can also be used for permanent power distribution to specific consumers by not using the implemented switching function and constantly energizing the outputs of the switching receiver. Due to the limited number of available addresses in this control system or due to the number of control panels necessarily increasing with increasing address requirements and associated additional costs, particular attention must be paid to the required or maximum number of switchable outputs. In particular, switchable outputs should not be blocked or virtually misused for a relatively banal, permanent energy distribution. It is therefore appropriate to use for permanent or continuous power distribution to another or structurally simpler and thus more cost-effective distribution system or permanently supplied consumers about time-consuming and certain skill requiring solder or clamp connections to connect to the power supply and the comparatively costly switching receiver with to reduce a switching possibility. However, this leads again to the installation of at least two structurally different systems for power distribution and thus, among other disadvantages to the flexibility and manageability of the electrical low-voltage Verteilersytems.

DE 198 34 884 C2 and DE 198 38 885 C2 describe addressable decoders for controlling model-making articles or model railway vehicles. Such decoders are usually integrated in model locomotives or in the track structure in order to be able to remotely control sequences of movements or additional functions, such as by means of a central control unit or by means of a corresponding control panel. a Zugspitzensignales, a pantograph or a switch position to allow. Such decoder or receiver modules for digital control data within a digital model railroad control are designed as manufacturer-specific or vendor-specific types of electronic circuits. In 1/22 Austrian Patent Office AT507 822B1 2011-12-15

Compared to the control centers or programming and control panels which are also absolutely necessary for a digital model railway control, the costs of such decoders or receiver modules are relatively low. Depending on the performance or functional scope of this decoder or depending on the number of decoders integrated in the control system but also these decoders can cause a considerable cost, which is unsatisfactory especially if only insufficient utilization of their theoretical performance or scope of functions.

US 2007/0164169 A1 discloses several devices for the operation and control of model railroad systems. Among these devices is a so-called " Track Interface Unit " (TIU) and a so-called " Accessory Interface Unit " (AIU). Via the TIU and an external power supply unit connected to it, the model railroad tracks are supplied with energy and the digital control signals are also forwarded to the tracks and the model trains on them. The TIU is a complex electronic device equipped with microprocessor, receiving and transmitting modules for contactless and contact communication signals and digital memory. It can thus receive control commands directly from a (wireless) remote control and send data back to them. Likewise, the TIU and model train trains can communicate bidirectionally. In addition to the connection with the model railway tracks and the external power supply, the TIU is also connected to the AIU. The AIU takes over the control of all accessories of the model railway system (eg switches, signals, street lighting). For this purpose, the AIU interprets the digital control signals received from the (radio) remote control via the TIU and switches the output relays on or off accordingly. The consumers connected to the relays will then be energized accordingly or not. Which relays are activated by which control signals must be specified or programmed in advance. In a device according to the US 2007/0164169 A1, it is not intended to control with only one device, both the model railway track with the model train trains located thereon, as well as the accessories, which is part of the model railway system, and to provide energy. A combination of TIU, which is responsible for model railway tracks and the model railroad tracks on it, and of AIU, which is responsible for accessories, is therefore not provided, whereby a relatively complex and expensive basic system must be taken into account. Furthermore, it is not possible with the specified AIU to send control signals from the TIU on the relay on to the consumer, in case these consumers themselves could handle such control signals. Likewise, the basic functionality of the AIU, i. which relays are switched as and to which control signals they react like, are always first programmed during initial commissioning. This is a relatively complex process. A " analog basic functionality " enabled by default in which supplied power and control signals are distributed to all outputs is not provided. This applies to both the AIU and the TIU. This prior art system is therefore only partially satisfactory.

The present invention is based on the object within a model or. Modellbahnanlage required to design electrical components such that a basic or basic version of a model or model railway system can be constructed as inexpensively and failsafe and an existing base or basic version of the user as inexpensively upgraded or functionally extended without special electrical knowledge can.

This object of the invention is achieved by a distributor box according to the features of claim 1.

A particular advantage of the distribution box according to the invention is that it is quasi called "smart" when needed. Distribution box for selectively switchable distribution of electrical energy to selected consumers within a model railway or model plant can be used. In particular, when connecting a digital decoder to the interface provided for this purpose or when connecting the preferably external interface of the distribution box with a so-called digital receiver module, as is commonly used in digital model locomotives for digital model railway systems, with regard to their Austrian Patent Office AT507 822B1 2011-12-15

Distribution function for electrical energy significantly improved distribution box are created. This means that by simply plugging in a relatively inexpensive, standard decoder module, the functionality of the distributor box - and thus the degree of automation or the joy of playing on a model plant equipped with it - can be significantly increased without the need for high investments, according to standard decoders, such as In model locomotives numerous are used, are now relatively inexpensive available. Depending on the model railway system, various types of digital receiver modules or decoders are available which can be connected to the distributor box in a simple manner by forming a corresponding interface, without the need for soldering work. Depending on the decoder used or depending on the model train provider or control producer, a compatible contact-type interface is implemented on the distributor box according to the invention. By simply plugging such a decoder into the electrical distribution box, then, in a simple manner, via standard programming or addressing operations and via the standard programming or operating units of a digital model railway installation - or by means of a standard personal computer (laptop, desktop PC ) and corresponding control hardware or control software - the respective outputs of the electrical distribution box selectively switched, in particular, if necessary, activated and deactivated, so that each consumer connected to it supplied with electrical energy, or can be separated again from the electrical power supply as needed. This can be realized in a simple and cost-effective manner model railway systems with increased functionality. Technical or electrotechnical knowledge play a minor role, since only a corresponding digital decoder is to be coupled to the formed on the distributor box, contact-type interface. Such contact-type interfaces, which can currently be designed as 8-pin or 21-pin, are often designed as a widening option for a decoder for digital model trajectory control in rolling stock, in particular in model railway locomotives. The retrofittability of the distribution box according to the invention with a suitable digital decoder also allows, starting from a particularly low-cost basic or basic version of a distribution box at any time a simple retrofit or upgrade to a quasi-intelligent distribution box can be made, if desired by the modeler is.

By the measures according to claim 2, an operator of a model plant starting from a standard, digital control center, which may be formed by a programming unit or a control panel or by a control PC, the respective electrical consumers, which at corresponding switching Outputs are connected from a provided with a decoder distribution box, selectively or programmatically switched on and off. Alternatively or in combination, it is also possible to provide by means of such a decoder with respect to the respective electrical load effective dimming or variation functions, for example via pulse width modulated output signals. The decoder which can be easily attached to the distributor box if required thus represents a digital switch which can be switched over or operated remotely, in particular starting from a control unit. Depending on the required switching power of the decoder can switch the electrical load directly or switch via an auxiliary or circuit breaker to the power supply, as explained below.

Of particular advantage are also the further development measures according to claim 3, since characterized without a connected decoder, i. in the absence of a decoder, the electrical energy to be distributed is permanently provided at the outputs of the distribution box. The electrical connections between the distribution box and the electrical consumers allows a simple and rapid connection of the various consumers to the low-voltage distribution system. In particular, an electrical connection between electrical consumers and the distributor box can be produced by the formation of contact-type connectors by laypersons or persons without electrical knowledge or without soldering tool by the respective connector are infected to the distribution box. In this case, the electrical distribution box thus fulfills its basic function in the Austrian Patent Office AT507 822 B1 2011-12-15

With regard to a permanent or non-switchable distribution of electrical energy for various consumers via standard plug interfaces, so that a particularly rapid, fail-safe and reliable electrical installation can be made within a model plant.

According to the embodiment according to claim 4, the contact-type interface to be connected to an interface connector to activate the distribution function of the distribution box with respect to supplied electrical energy. In particular, in the absence of a digital decoder, the multi-pole interface of the distributor box is to be provided with an interface connector, which establishes the required electrical connections between the input to the distribution box for the supply of electrical energy and the various outputs for distributing electrical energy. An advantage of this embodiment is also that by staking or removing the interface connector all outputs can be switched off or energized so that installation or conversion work on the low-voltage distribution system or on the model making without risk of formation of short circuits are made can. In addition, such an interface connector has the advantage that an electrically simple, internal shading of the distribution box is sufficient, whereby the cost of creating the Verteilerbox can be kept low.

In the embodiment according to claim 5 it is advantageous that a decoder attached to the distributor box can be programmed in a conventional manner or individually addressed. It is only the distribution box to connect to the low-voltage distribution system of a digitally controlled model building. Via the standard programming or operating devices, the corresponding programming or addressing method is then to be carried out in a conventional manner. By using without existing electrical components, the total cost of building a functionally diverse model plant can be kept low.

In the embodiment according to claim 6 or 7 it is advantageous that not only a distribution of electrical energy takes place by means of the electrical distribution box, but at the same time a distribution or forwarding of electrical control signals takes place, as they are particularly required for digitally controlled model railway systems , In particular, this ensures unimpeded forwarding of the electrical or digital control signals within the low-volt distribution system. Regardless of whether it is a DC distribution network or a three-wire AC system, each with modulated control signals.

The measures according to claim 8, a simple multiplication of the switchable outputs can be achieved. In particular, by a multiple arrangement of distribution boxes with corresponding digital decoders and a complex model building with on demand switched on and off energy can be supplied, the various consumers selectively starting from a standard switching or command center, such as a control PC or the like and can be disabled.

By the measures in claim 9, an individual construction of a model plant is facilitated. In particular, by reprogramming decoders which are connected to the various distribution boxes, the system behavior can be adapted in a simple manner to the individual requirements or needs. In addition, these measures result in a highly flexible low-voltage distribution system with regard to the functionality or the available switching variants. In any case, a free, individual addressability of the decoder offers considerable advantages over rigidly addressed or permanently preprogrammed decoders.

Also advantageous are the measures according to claim 10, since it is thereby made possible for a user in a simple and unmistakable manner to check the operating or switching states of the respective outputs. This is particularly advantageous when troubleshooting or can be achieved by a support in terms of manual operation or complex operating sequences. However, an embodiment according to claim 11 is also advantageous because it visualizes the respective states at the switching outputs of the decoder or the operating states of the decoder, so that possible programming or switching or operating errors can be quickly detected by the user and corrected if necessary.

Another advantage is an embodiment according to claim 12 and / or 13, as this the distribution box can be easily adapted to the respective consumers in terms of their power supply function. For example, by implementing a module with a constant current source function, it is possible to provide LED illuminations with adequate or optimally conditioned electrical energy. Furthermore, constant voltage sources, for example for microcontroller applications or for other controllers, DC / DC converters, for example for adaptation to the respectively required lower or higher voltage levels, AC / DC converters, for example for the rectification of voltage, or DC / AC converters, for example, to provide AC voltage at the respective output, are implemented in a simple manner in the distribution box. The improved adaptability of the distributor box to the respective requirements thereby increases the acceptance of use of the distributor box according to the invention.

In the embodiment according to claim 14 is advantageous that the respective output switching modules can be replaced in a simple manner by other or by the same type output gangsschaltmodule without this soldering are required.

By the measures according to claim 15 various energy transformations or energy conditioning, such as pulse width modulations, frequency transformations and the like, in a simple manner via a locally remote or central control and operating device, for example by means of a control panel or a control PC, initiated or activated and deactivated. A possibly lifelike or as realistic as possible replication of scenarios occurring in practice, such as a variable window lighting of a building complex, can be further improved.

By the measures according to claim 16, the outputs of the distribution box can be easily adapted to the respective requirements. By way of example, the respectively required switching powers of the outputs can thereby be adapted to the respective electrical powers of the consumers. The dimensioning or type selection is primarily dependent on each to be switched, electrical consumers.

By the measures according to claim 17, the construction of a wireless transmission system for the exchange or the transmission of digital data is made possible. In particular, the respective control commands or data or status messages no longer need to be transmitted or distributed via wired or wireless networks. The supply voltages for the various consumers can be provided comparatively easily available, after they no longer have to be linked to the digital data or control signals.

Finally, an embodiment according to claim 18 is advantageous since thereby the number of switchable outputs per distributor box can be adapted to the respective needs or requirements in a simple manner. In addition, this distribution boxes can be created, which on the one hand comprise outputs with fixed or permanent energization and on the other hand have outputs which are configured as required switchable via a control unit and an attached decoder at the interface. On the other hand distribution boxes can be created, which have a relatively high number of remotely switchable outputs, so that a modular expandability of the control system is created, which corresponds to the individual requirements as cost-effective and needs.

For a better understanding of the invention, this will be explained in more detail with reference to the following figures. [0033] [0033] [0033] [0033] [0033] [0033]

In each case, in a highly simplified, schematic representation:

Figure 1 is a designed for a model railroad low-voltage distribution system with distribution boxes according to the invention, wherein a first distribution box for electrical energy is performed without a decoder and another distribution box for electrical energy is provided with a digital decoder.

2 shows a low-voltage distribution system with a plurality of distribution boxes, which are interconnected in a ring-line structure, wherein a plurality of feed-in points for electrical energy are formed in this ring-line structure;

3 shows a circuit diagram of a distributor box with a digital decoder connected to this distributor box and with integrated switching units;

4 shows a schematic representation of a distributor box with an interface for data or signal transmission by radio;

5a shows a switching unit for a distributor box comprising at least one field-effect transistor;

FIG. 5b shows a switching unit for a distributor box comprising at least one bipolar transistor; FIG.

5c shows a switching unit for a distributor box comprising at least one electromechanical relay;

5d a switching unit for a distributor box comprising at least one optical coupler;

6 distribution boxes according to the invention, each with two contact, multipolar, digital interfaces for connection to digital decoders;

7 shows a distribution box with an additional circuit for manually switching the outputs of the distribution box.

By way of introduction, it should be noted that in the differently described embodiments, the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals or the same component names, wherein the disclosures contained in the entire description can be mutatis mutandis transferred to like parts with the same reference numerals or identical component names. Also, the location information chosen in the description, such as top, bottom, side, etc. related to the immediately described and illustrated figure and these position information in a change in position mutatis mutandis to transfer to the new location.

Fig. 1 shows an excerpt from an exemplary low-voltage distribution system 1 for distributing electrical energy within a model or model railway installation. In such a low-voltage distribution system 1, at least one exemplified distributor box 2 according to the invention is arranged. In the illustrated embodiment, two electrical distribution boxes 2 are implemented, which are connected to each other via two- or multi-pole connecting lines 3 and contact-based multi-pin connectors 4. Electrical energy and / or electrical control signals, in particular digital control data, between the distributor boxes 2 and / or between a distributor box 2 and a control center or a programming or operating unit 11 or an integrated or separately formed unit are provided via these connecting lines 3 and plug connections 4 electrical energy source, such as a transformer 6 or a power supply transmitted.

The respective distributor boxes 2 can be connected to at least one electrical load 5 if required. These electrical consumers 5 within a model plant can be formed, for example, by lighting fixtures, points or signals. The respective electrical consumers 5 are connected via electrical connection lines 3 and preferably via contact, two- or multi-pole connectors 4 to a mostly locally associated, electrical distribution box 2. These connectors 4 may be formed by any plug and socket systems which are suitable for electrical characteristics and sizes for model making with respect to their electrical characteristics.

The electrical energy or supply voltage to be distributed is provided by an electrical energy source, beispielsgemäß via a transformer 6 and supplied via connecting lines 3 and a contact-type multi-pin connector system of the distribution box 2. If no digital decoder 7 is formed on the distributor box 2 or the distributor box is not provided with a decoder 7, i. a digital interface 8 of the distributor box 2 is not connected to a digital decoder 7, the electrical energy supplied to the distributor box is preferably forwarded to each output 9 of the distributor box. That the electrical distribution box 2 distributes the supplied electrical energy by forwarding the electrical energy to the outputs 9 and to optionally connected consumers 5. In this case, the distribution box 2 may be referred to as an electrical node, after supplied electrical energy is continuously transmitted or distributed to the respective outputs 9.

However, if the distributor box 2 is connected to a digital decoder 7, in particular at the multi-pole contact interface 8, a digital decoder 7 is connected, the electrical energy via integrated in the decoder 7 output switching stages or switching elements 10 and / or via integrated in the distribution box 2 switching elements 16 - Fig. 3 - according to a program or operating unit 11 programmed sequence or according to individual control wishes or control commands an operator the respective electrical consumers 5 made available. In particular, by means of electrical or digital activation or programming of the decoder 7, at least one consumer 5 connected as required can be selectively switched from a group of several consumers 5, in particular selectively and, if necessary, activated and deactivated.

In particular, a standard programming or operating unit 11, as is known from the model making field, via at least one connecting line 3 and preferably via at least one contact-type, multi-pin connector 4 with the distributor box 2 connectable. At least the digital signals or control commands are fed from the programming or operating unit 11 into the low-voltage distribution system 1 via the corresponding connecting line 3. Optionally, via the same connection line 3, the supply of electrical energy, in particular the supply or drive energy can take place, wherein the digital signals or control commands of this electrical supply or drive energy are preferably superimposed or modulated. On the basis of these modulated control signals or data, the decoder 7 can be selectively addressed or selected and receive and decode the switching commands required for the selective switching of outputs 9. The activation or selection of the respective outputs 9 or consumer 5 thus takes place on the basis of at least one distributor box 2 in the low-voltage distribution system 1 implement decoder 7. The decoder 7 is via the contact-type digital interface 8 a distribution box 2 with the low Voltage distribution system 1 connected and demodulates the received electrical control signals, so that he receives from it the data required for its intended function.

Via the low-voltage distribution system 1, it is also possible to parameterize a decoder 7 connected to a distributor box 2, in particular to program a decoder 7 connected to the interface 8. For example, in the case of an existing electrical connection of a decoder 7 with a distributor box 2 connected to the low-voltage distribution system 1, an unambiguous address assignment to the decoder 8 can be made by assigning it a free address within the available address range by means of the programming or operating unit 11 , Alternatively or in combination, it is also possible to carry out a sequence programming at the respective decoder 7, wherein switching or control sequences are specified in a so-called programming or teach mode and stored in the decoder 7 for a subsequent execution, in order to have a variety To simulate processes without doing manual operations on the programming or operating unit 11. The execution of a quasi-intelligent distribution box 2 with selectively controllable outputs 9 and consumers 5 is shown in FIG. 1 with a " B " characterized. The configuration of a structurally identical distributor box 2 with a digital interface 8, but without a digital receiver module or decoder and consequently fixed or non-switchable distribution of the electrical energy to the outputs 9, is indicated in FIG. 1 by " A " characterized. The programming or operating unit 11 can be formed by a standard digital travel controller used in the model railway industry, which often combines many functions, in particular supply, operating, monitoring and programming functions.

If no decoder 7 is connected to the distributor box 2, the electrical energy is distributed via an internal shading of the distributor box 2, as shown by way of example in FIG. 3, to the outputs 9 of the distributor box 2, without a selective switching function to be able to exercise the outputs 9. If electrical loads 5 are connected to the outputs 9 of the distributor box 2, they will fulfill their intended purpose, such as emitting light when the electrical energy is supplied by the transformer 6, changing a switch position or driving or switching a moving unit. This " base version " the distributor box 2 is indicated in Fig. 1 by the " A " marked distribution box 2 shown. Such a distributor box 2 can also be operated without a digital control device or without a digital programming or operating unit 11. In particular, the basic version A of the distributor box 2 also works in simple analog systems, this distributor box 2 offering the user the advantage of being able to couple various consumers 5 to the low-voltage distribution system 1 via corresponding multi-pole plug connectors 4 in order to rapidly and reliably supply the electrical energy distributed to each connected consumer 5. It is also a combinatorial use of distribution boxes 2 with decoder 7 (distribution box "B") and without decoder 7 (distribution box "A") in a common low-voltage distribution system 1 possible. In particular, a distribution box 2 with no decoder connected (" A ") is a simple power distributor that allows convenient and reliable power distribution to the various loads 5. Through the respectively implemented, contact interface 8 to the distribution boxes 2, the user can decide at any time whether he operates the distributor box 2 only as a low-voltage distribution box without switching function, or the Verteilerbox 2 simply upgrades if necessary by a decoder 7, via the outputs 9 selective switching operations to perform.

Through the use of standardized digital interfaces 8, it is possible to use different types of decoders from different manufacturers. It is also possible to form on a distributor box 2 a plurality of standardized interfaces 8, which are compatible with the respective types of decoder 7. The need-coupling decoder 7 are typically unmistakably addressed, the assigned address can be determined by the user. Thus, a replacement of a defective decoder 7 by a new decoder 7 is easy to perform by simply these via the digital interface 7 off or infected. The decoder 7 must be programmed before its intended use by a programming or operating unit 11. In this case, the respective decoder 7 is assigned a unique address in the low-voltage distribution system 1 address to the respective decoder 7 in the installed state within a group of several decoders 7 to control or to be able to select selectively. The decoder 7 is then via its respective address, for example, at the programming or. Operating unit 11 is adjustable, selected and then the respective outputs 9 of the corresponding distributor box 2 can be selectively activated and deactivated.

For many users, the "plug and play" desire is strong. This is taken into account by the respective consumers can be 5 simply plugged via connectors 4 to the distribution box 2, making them immediately available or functional, without soldering or screwing are required. This advantage is achieved even if the distribution box 2 (" A ") has only a permanent power distribution function. For any switching functions or for light simulations in model buildings, it is represented by a distribution box 2 in the version "B", i. equipped with a digital decoder 7, no longer necessary to disconnect the power supply or to provide an additional switching element in the supply line 8/22 Austrian Patent Office AT507 822 B1 2011-12-15. The effort in the wiring and in terms of the required components is thus kept as low as possible despite significantly increased functionality or performance of a model construction or model railway system equipped with a switchable distributor box 2 (Version "B"). In particular, the time and material required for the conversion or functional expansion of an existing model railway installation by means of the energy distribution boxes 2 according to the invention is kept as low as possible.

It is essential that a relatively easy to install power distribution system is provided with contact-type multipolar connectors 4 for the need-based connection of electrical loads 5 and this basic or basic version by simply plugging a decoder 7 at the appropriate, connection or function compatible Interface 8 a targeted, selective switchability of Consumption 5 is possible. In particular, it is possible for a modeler to choose a possibly existing simple power distribution box 2 (" A ") as needed " smarter " and retrofit them to a remotely switchable distributor box 2 (" B ") from a simple power distribution function. Depending on the usage requirement or the user's request, a " Downgrading " a switchable distribution box 2 (" B ") to a simple power distribution box 2 (" A ") by simply unplugging and / or removing or deactivating a decoder 7 connected to the interface 8. The material and time required is as small as possible. In addition, the respective functional states of the distributor boxes 2 are to be detected quickly and unambiguously for the user.

In the embodiment of the low-voltage distribution system 1 according to Fig. 1, a serial arrangement or juxtaposition of the distribution boxes 2 is provided. The distributor boxes 2 are arranged one after the other, with the preceding distributor box 2 looping through the electrical energy and providing it by means of a multi-pole contact-type plug connection 4 and at least one connecting line 3 for a subsequent distributor box 2. This variant is the simplest method for the distribution of electrical energy.

As shown schematically in Fig. 2, it is also possible to connect the distribution boxes 2 by means of the multi-pole contact-type connectors 4 and the connecting lines 3 to a ring network. This variant offers improved security of supply since the distributor boxes 2 are supplied with energy starting from at least two points. This multiple supply of electrical energy allows a design with lower power transformers 6. In addition, the electrical voltage in the low-voltage distribution system 1 is more stable, since a shorter voltage drop is caused by shorter connecting lines 3 until the next entry point.

3 shows a schematic, exemplary circuit diagram with an extract via the internal connection lines 12 of a distribution box 2. In this case, the distributor box 2 is supplied with electrical energy via a multi-pole, contact-type plug interface 13. The electrical energy is looped through the distributor box 2 via the internal connection lines 12 and is available again, inter alia, at the multipolar contact-type plug interface 14 for forwarding to a further or subsequent distribution box 2. By contacting 15 on the internal connection lines 12 is a tap and a provision of electrical energy for the outputs 9 of the distribution box 2. The respective outputs 9 is at least in each case a controllable switching element 16 upstream or upstream. The controllable switching element 16 is connected on the one hand to the internal connection lines 12 for the power supply and on the other via at least one control line 17 with at least one contact point of the multi-pole, contact-type, digital interface 8 and subsequently to the decoder 7, in particular with a Switching output or switching element 10 of a coupled to the digital interface 8 decoder 7 connectable. If the decoder 7 now outputs a switching signal or a switching command to the switching element 16 via the control line 17, the switching element 16 is actuated or switched by this switching signal, in particular set into the electrically conducting or blocking state. In the case of active activation, the switching elements 16 are preferably put into the blocking state via the corresponding switching output of the decoder 7, in which they represent an interruption of the current path to the respective output 9. For example, switching contacts 18 of an electromechanical switching element 16 are actuated in order to interrupt the circuit. The need 5 connected to the respective output 9 of the distribution box 2 via the internal connecting lines 12 and via the multi-pole, contact-type plug connector 4 is thereby disconnected from the power supply. If the connected consumer 5 is defined, for example, as a lighting application, it would go out and then emit no more light. Switching contacts 18 of the switching elements 16 are formed in FIG. 3 as simple normally closed contacts, for example by relay contacts 19. The switching elements 18 can also be formed by semiconductor switches 20, as shown in Figs. 5a, 5b and 5d. The switching elements 16 are preferably formed by self-conducting switching elements, whereby they are present without external control in the electrically conductive state. As a result, the distributor box 2 also fulfills a practical distributor function for the electrical energy supplied via the plug interface 13 or 14, even without a decoder 7 coupled or even in the case of an inactive decoder 7, in a simple manner. Alternatively, a self-locking design of the switching elements 16, in particular a design with normally open contacts or positive control logic is conceivable.

When using different consumers 5 or due to interconnections of electrical loads 5 in groups, it is often necessary to provide 9 different or adapted electrical output power at the outputs. This power range can range from a few milliamps for an LED application up to a few amps for electric drives. In order to optimally switch such different powers, differently dimensioned switching elements 16 are expedient. Due to the formation of interchangeable or modular pluggable switching elements 16 via contact multipolar interfaces 21, the switching line of the switching elements 16 can be adapted to the required power or a simple replacement or replacement of switching elements 16 are made.

Through various types of consumers 5, such as neon lamps or LEDs, it is often necessary to adapt the energy provided by the distributor box 2 to the respective consumer 5. For this purpose, at least one electronic circuit 22 for energy adaptation is implemented in the distributor box 2. In order not to have to connect this electronic circuit 22 to the output 9 to the distribution box 2, within a housing of the distribution box 2, a further contact-connected, multi-pole interface 23 may be formed for electronic circuits 22, as shown in Fig. 3. Various electronic circuits 22, in particular constant current sources, constant voltage sources, DC / DC converters, AC / DC converters, rectifier circuits, short-circuit protection circuits, etc., can be connected to this contact-type, multi-pole interface 23. As a result, an optimal or adapted supply of the consumer 5 is ensured. Should no electronic circuit 22 be required for energy conditioning or energy adaptation, the multi-pole contact interface 23 can be easily switched with a bridging element 24 to the output 9 of the distribution box 2.

By structurally or geometrically different embodiments of the two internal interfaces 21 and 23 in the distribution box 2, a confusion of these interfaces 21, 23 and an inappropriate coupling to switching elements 16 and electronic circuits 22 can be avoided.

As was illustrated in FIG. 4, a transmission of the digital signals for the decoder 7 or from the decoder 7 to a central control unit or to a programming or operating unit 11 - FIG. 1 - is also via a wireless Data transmission system 25 possible. The necessary digital information is transmitted by means of electromagnetic waves or via radio to the decoder 7 or emitted by the decoder 7. The decoder 7 is for this purpose assigned a transmitting and / or receiving device 25 'for transmitting and / or receiving and for encoding or decoding corresponding signals. Suitable radio transmission systems for this wireless data transmission system 25 may be provided by Bluetooth, wireless LAN or other free radio systems, for example by common control radio systems within the ISM band range, in particular be formed with frequencies of about 433 MHz or 868 MHz.

5a to 5d show various embodiments of switching elements 16. The switching function of the switching element 16 can be implemented by a variety of components. In FIG. 5 a, a field-effect transistor 26, in particular a MOS-FET, is used for this purpose. This is characterized in particular by fast switching times and low-power control, whereby the signal strength of the switching signal of the decoder 7 can be low. Furthermore, due to the fast switching times, small losses occur at the field effect transistor 26, which is formed, for example, by a normally blocking, but preferably by a normally conductive field effect transistor 26. According to FIG. 5 b, the switching element 16 is formed by a transistor 27. A transistor 27 is common and cheap in many different power classes available. According to Fig. 5c, the switching element 16 is defined by a relay 28. Such a relay 28 is characterized by its simple and robust design and high switching performance. According to FIG. 5d, the switching element 16 is formed by an optoelectronic switch 29, in particular by at least one optocoupler. This results in the advantage that the drive circuit of the decoder 7, in particular the output switching stage of the decoder 7, is electrically isolated from the power supply circuit.

In Fig. 6 distribution boxes 2 with two multi-pole, contact-type interfaces 8 are shown. This makes it possible to increase the number of switchable outputs 9 of the distribution box 2, in particular to double. Due to the frequently very limited number of switching outputs on the decoder 7, it is often not possible to connect all the existing loads 5 to the outputs 9 provided by a distributor box 2. As a remedy, a further distributor box 2 can be connected to the low-voltage power distribution system 1 via a multi-pole, contact-type plug connector 4 and via connecting lines 3. Alternatively, by using a plurality of decoders 7 in or on a distributor box 2, it is possible to provide a distributor box 2 with an increased number of switchable outlets 9. Despite a multiple training of contact-type digital interfaces 8 for connecting decoders 7 to the distributor box 2, it is also possible to connect only one decoder 7, resulting in a subset of selectively switchable outputs 9. In the contact-based, digital interfaces 8, which are not equipped with a decoder 7, the respective outputs 9 serve as non-switchable connections for the distribution of electrical energy to various consumers. 5

By an embodiment of the distributor box 2 with display elements 30 for the respective switching state of the switchable outputs 9 as needed, it is particularly easy for the user of such distribution boxes 2 to check the respective existing switching state of preferably within a housing of the distribution box 2 switching element 16 , This embodiment is particularly helpful in troubleshooting. Alternatively or in combination, status information or operating states of the decoder 7 can be visualized via such display elements 30.

By a structurally different design of the multi-pole contact-type connector 4 to a distribution box 2, it is possible in a simple manner to exclude faulty electrical couplings. This effect can be supported by color and / or number coding of the multi-pole contact-type connector 4. As a result, the connections for the power supply or for the consumers 5, but also the connections for different types of consumers 5, can be easily and effectively distinguished from one another. The likelihood of faulty connection processes and resulting damage to consumers 5, switching elements 16 or electronic circuits 22 is thereby minimized.

In Fig. 7, a distribution box 2 for a low-voltage distribution system 1, in particular for 11/22 Austrian Patent Office AT507 822B1 2011-12-15 illustrates the use in conjunction with a model railroad, said distributor box 2 optionally in an analog supply network and can be used in a digitally controlled model railway network. This distributor box 2 is equipped with a manually operable additional circuit 31. This makes it possible to activate and deactivate the consumers 5 connected to the respective outputs 9 by manual operation directly on the distributor box 2, ie. optionally with energy to supply and separate from the power supply. In particular, by manual actuation of mechanical buttons or switches 32 on a distribution box 2, which is equipped with this additional circuit 31, at least one output 9 can be selectively and individually switched directly at the distribution box 2, i. be activated and deactivated as needed. In addition, the multi-pole contact-type digital interface 8 can be provided with a decoder 7-FIG. 1-in order to be able to carry out such switching processes starting from digital control devices, in particular via decentralized programming or operating units 11-FIG.

Alternatively or in combination with an additional circuit 31 for the manual activation and deactivation of outputs 9 directly to the distribution box 2, it is also possible to accomplish the forwarding of the supplied electrical energy to the outputs 9 via an interface connector 33, which at Absence of a digital decoder 7 which connects outputs 9 to the supply line or to the internal connection lines 12 - Fig. 3 - for electrical energy. This compared to the digital interface 8 on and off removable interface connector 33 thus provides an electrical bridging element between the electrical supply line to the distributor box 2 and their outputs 9. In addition, such an interface connector 33 quasi act as a main switch for the outputs 9 of the distributor box 2.

The interface 8 is preferably formed externally, i. arranged outside a housing of the distributor box 2 and thus accessible or accessible without opening the distributor box 2.

The preferred field of application of the distributor box 2 according to the invention is the model railway system. The distributor box 2 according to the invention thereby opens up the possibility of a simple, cost-effective and functionally reliable distribution of electrical energy, in particular low-voltage, to a multiplicity of locally distributed consumers 5. By simply plugging in a commercially available or standard receiver module for digital control data, i. a decoder 7 for model railroad digital control or for digital

Model train locomotives, a simple power distribution box can become a "smart " or controllable distributor box 2 to be upgraded. Then, at least some outputs 9 of the distributor box 2 are selectively switchable or the consumers 5 connected thereto can be remotely controlled or, if necessary, activated and deactivated.

A distributor box 2, in which such a decoder 7 is missing or not activated, acts only as a simple, permanent power distributor - the outputs 9 have no switching function here. This functional or operating mode can be used for permanently activated consumers 5 or for model construction in the entry area. If, however, a programmed decoder 7 is connected by the user via the multi-pin digital interface 8, then at least one output 9 of the distributor box 2 can be selectively activated or remotely switched. Elaborate simulations can now be performed by incorporating distribution boxes 2 with digital, standard decoders 7 and a standard programming or operating unit 11 - Fig. 1 - within a digital model trajectory control. Nevertheless, an easily manageable and structured energy distribution and taxation system is maintained.

The embodiments show possible embodiments of the Verteilerbox 2, which should be noted at this point that the invention is not limited to the specifically illustrated embodiments thereof, but also various combinations of the individual embodiments are mutually possible and this variation possibility due to the teaching technical action by objective invention in the skill 12/22 Austrian Patent Office AT507 822 B1 2011-12-15 of the professional working in this technical field.

For the sake of order, it should finally be pointed out that, for better understanding of the structure of the distributor box 2, these or their components have been partially enlarged and / or reduced in size.

The problem underlying the independent inventive solutions can be taken from the description.

REFERENCE IDENTIFICATION 1 Low-voltage distribution system 2 Distribution box 3 Connection cable 4 Connector 5 Electrical consumers 6 Transformer 7 Decoder 8 Digital interface 9 Output 10 Switching element 11 Programming or operating unit 12 Internal connection line 13 Connector interface 14 Connector interface 15 Contacting 16 Switching element 17 Control line 18 Switching contact 19 Relay contact 20 Semiconductor switch 21 interface 22 electr. Circuit 23 interface 24 bridging element 25 data transmission system 25 'transmitting and / or receiving device 26 field effect transistor 27 transistor 28 relay 29 optoelectronic switch 30 display element 31 additional circuit 32 button or switch 33 interface connector 13/22

Claims (18)

Austrian Patent Office AT507 822 B1 2011-12-15 1. Distribution box (2) for distributing electrical energy in the model, with contact-based connections for contact via plug-in connections (4) as required connectable electrical loads (5), in particular for switches, signals and / or lighting, characterized in that the distributor box (2) has at least one multi-pole contact interface (8) for the on-demand connection of at least one digital decoder (7) and by activation or programming of the decoder (7) at least one as required connected consumer (5) from a group of more consumers (5) is selectively switchable. 2. Distribution box according to claim 1, characterized in that it by means of a multi-pole interface (8) connected decoder (7) and a directly or indirectly connected programming or operating unit (11) for selectively connecting electrical energy to the respective output Connections on the distributor box (2) is formed so that selectively or separately controllable, remotely switchable outputs (9) for electrical loads (5) are formed. 3. Distributor box according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is formed in the absence of a decoder (7) for continuously distributing provided or supplied energy to the output terminals (9) and the electrical energy without a remote switching functionality on demand distributed consumers (5) distributed. 4. Verteilerbox according to claim 3, characterized in that with the multi-pin interface (8), if necessary connectable interface connector (33) for distributing or forwarding of the distributor box (2) supplied electrical energy to the output terminals (9) is formed. 5. Distribution box according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a contact-connected multipole interface (8) connected decoder (7) by a programming or operating unit (11) which in a at least one distribution box (2) comprehensive low-voltage Distribution system (1) is functionally integrated, individually programmable. 6. Distribution box according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one connection for supplying electrical energy and digital data from a programming or operating unit (11) and a transformer (6) or other power supply power supply is formed , 7. Distribution box according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one connection for supplying electrical energy and digital data, starting from a model railway track system, which serves for the transmission of electrical energy and digital data within a model railway system, is formed. 8. Distribution box according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of distribution boxes (2) connected to a common low-voltage distribution system (1) and digital decoder (7) on or in the distribution boxes (2) are uniquely addressed and selectable and independent are formed from each other for selectively switching the respective associated outputs (9) and outgoing terminals. 9. Distribution box according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a with the distribution box (2) connected decoder (7) by means of a programming or operating unit (11) unmistakably addressable and against electrically parallel connected decoders (7) is selectively controllable. 10. Distribution box according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the terminals or the inputs and / or outputs (9) in each case at least one optical display element (30), in particular at least one LED, is assigned, via which the operating mode and / or the switching state of the respective terminal can be displayed. 14/22 Austrian Patent Office AT507 822 B1 2011-12-15 11. Distribution box according to claim 10, characterized in that operating or switching states of the decoder (7) to the display elements (30) are signaled. 12. Distribution box according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the multi-pole contact-type terminals or outputs (9) are formed on electronic circuits (22). 13. Distributor box according to claim 12, characterized in that the electronic circuits (22) comprise constant current sources, constant voltage sources, DC / DC converters, AC / DC converters or DC / AC converters. 14. Distribution box according to claim 12, characterized in that the electronic circuits (22) constructed in a modular manner and via a contact interface (23) within a housing of the distributor box (2) are interchangeable, if necessary. 15. Distribution box according to claim 12, characterized in that the electronic circuits (22) via the digital decoder (7) are controllable. 16. Verteilerbox according to claim 12, characterized in that the electronic circuits (22) comprise at least one electrical switching element (16), in particular semiconductor switches such as field effect transistors, power transistors or semiconductor relays, or at least one electromechanical switching element (16), in particular relays or contactors. 17. Distribution box according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a transmitting and / or receiving device (25 ') is designed for the wireless transmission of digital data. 18. Distribution box according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two contact-connected multipolar interfaces (8, 8 ') are provided for on-demand connection of at least two digital decoders (7, T). For this 7 sheets drawings 15/22