AT507822A1 - DISTRIBUTION BOX FOR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRICAL ENERGY IN MODEL CONSTRUCTION - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a distribution box for distributing electrical energy in the model, with contact-based multipolar connections for contact via plug-in connections, if necessary, connectable electrical consumers, in particular for points, signals and / or lighting.

A generic distributor box has been described by the applicant in the utility model DE 20 2007 004 547 U1 and AT 009 724 U1. These distribution boxes cause the distribution of supplied electrical energy to the output terminals of the distribution box. By simply connecting electrical consumers to these output terminals, they are permanently and relatively reliably supplied with electrical energy. Although this reduces the time required and the likelihood of errors in the electrical installation of model-making systems, increased functionality or the most effective possible operation of a model construction plant can not be achieved with it.

DE 199 38 909 A1 describes a model railway installation with a digital control system. This control system comprises at least one control panel for the locomotive controller, at least one model locomotive with a built-in digital receiver module or decoder, at least one digital switch receiver for switches or train signals, a power supply, electrical supply lines and an electrically conductive track system. By means of the digital switching receiver, selective switching of switches connected therewith or train signals starting from the control panel for the locomotive control or starting from additional control panels is made possible. For a mutual, functional assignment, corresponding addresses or address groups are to be set manually on the corresponding control panel as well as on the switching receiver to be controlled by means of DIP switches. In such a switching receiver, a microcontroller for evaluating the control signals is installed. The outputs of this microcontroller and consequently the consumers connected to it can, with appropriate control of the microcontroller, be read from the address specific to the address. • N2008 / 30700 • t ···················································································· ············································································································································ The microcontroller is permanently installed in these switch receivers. If required, these digital switching receivers can also be used for permanent power distribution to specific consumers by not using the implemented switching function and constantly energizing the outputs of the switching receiver. Due to the limited number of available addresses in this control system or due to the number of control panels necessarily increasing with increasing address requirements and associated additional costs, particular attention must be paid to the required or maximum number of switchable outputs. In particular, switchable outputs should not be blocked or virtually misused for a relatively banal, permanent energy distribution. It is therefore appropriate to use for permanent or continuous power distribution to another or structurally simpler and thus more cost-effective distribution system or permanently supplied consumers about time-consuming and certain skill requiring solder or clamp connections to connect to the power supply and the comparatively costly switching receiver with to reduce a switching possibility. However, this leads again to the installation of at least two structurally different systems for power distribution and thus, among other disadvantages to the flexibility and manageability of the electrical low-voltage Verteilersytems.

DE 198 34 884 C2 and DE 198 38 885 C2 describe addressable decoders for controlling model-building articles or model railway vehicles. Such decoders are usually integrated in model locomotives or in the track structure in order to be able to remotely control sequences of movements or additional functions, such as by means of a central control unit or by means of a corresponding control panel. a Zugspitzensignales, a pantograph or a switch position to allow. Such decoder or receiver modules for digital control data within a digital model railroad control are designed as manufacturer or vendor-specific types of electronic circuits. Compared to the control centers or programming and control panels, which are also absolutely necessary for a digital model railway control, the costs of such decoders or receiver modules are relatively low.

Depending on the scope of performance of these decoders or depending on the number of decoders integrated in the control system, however, these decoders can also cause a not inconsiderable cost expenditure, which is particularly the case when N2008 / 30700 •

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Exploitation of their theoretical performance or scope of functions is not satisfactory.

The present invention is based on the object, which within a Modellbau or. Modellbahnanlage required to design electrical components such that a basic or basic version of a model or model railway system can be constructed as inexpensively and failsafe and an existing base or basic version of the user as inexpensively upgraded or functionally extended without special electrical knowledge can.

This object of the invention is achieved by a distributor box according to the features of claim 1.

A particular advantage of the distributor box according to the invention is that it can be used as needed as an "intelligent" distribution box for the selectively switchable distribution of electrical energy to selected consumers within a model railway or model plant. In particular, when connecting a digital decoder to the interface provided for this purpose or when connecting the preferably external interface of the distribution box with a so-called digital receiver module, as is commonly used in digital model locomotives for digital model railway systems, a significantly improved in terms of their distribution function for electrical energy Distribution box are created. This means that by simply plugging in a relatively inexpensive, standard decoder module, the functionality of the distributor box - and thus the degree of automation or the joy of playing on a model plant equipped with it - can be significantly increased without the need for high investments, according to standard decoders, such as In model locomotives numerous are used, are now relatively inexpensive available. Depending on the model railway system, various types of digital receiver modules or decoders are available which can be connected to the distributor box in a simple manner by forming a corresponding interface, without the need for soldering work. Depending on the decoder used or depending on the model train provider or control producer, a compatible contact-type interface is implemented on the distributor box according to the invention. By simply plugging such a decoder into the electrical distribution box, it is then possible in a simple manner via standard programming or addressing operations and via the standard programming or operating units of a digital model railway installation - or by means of a N2008 / 30700 • ·· ·· · · ············································································································································································································································ Outputs of the electrical distribution box selectively switched, in particular, if necessary, be activated and deactivated, so that the consumer connected to each supplied with electrical energy, or can be separated again from the electrical power supply as needed. This can be realized in a simple and cost-effective manner model railway systems with increased functionality. Technical or electrotechnical knowledge play a minor role, since only a corresponding digital decoder is to be coupled to the formed on the distributor box, contact-type interface. Such contact-type interfaces, which can currently be designed as 8-pin or 21-pin, are often designed as a widening option for a decoder for digital model trajectory control in rolling stock, in particular in model railway locomotives. The retrofittability of the distribution box according to the invention with a suitable digital decoder also allows, starting from a particularly low-cost basic or basic version of a distribution box at any time a simple retrofit or upgrade to a quasi-intelligent distribution box can be made, if desired by the modeler is.

By the measures according to claim 2, an operator of a model building starting from a standard, digital control center, which may be formed by a programming unit or a control panel or by a control PC, the respective electrical consumers, which at corresponding switching outputs of a connected with a decoder distributor box, selectively and programmatically turn on and off. Alternatively or in combination, it is also possible to provide by means of such a decoder with respect to the respective electrical load effective dimming or variation functions, for example via pulse width modulated output signals. The decoder which can be easily attached to the distributor box if required thus represents a digital switch which can be switched or actuated remotely, in particular starting from a control unit. Depending on the required switching power, the decoder can switch the electrical loads directly or switch to the power supply via an auxiliary or power switch, as explained below.

Of particular advantage are the further development measures according to claim 3, since characterized without a connected decoder, i. in the absence of decoder, the electrical energy to be distributed at the outputs of the distribution box permanently N2008 / 30700 • ♦ ····························································································. ·························································. The electrical connections between the distribution box and the electrical consumers allows a simple and rapid connection of the various consumers to the low-voltage distribution system. In particular, an electrical connection between electrical consumers and the distributor box can be produced by the formation of contact-type connectors by laypersons or persons without electrical knowledge or without soldering tool by the respective connector are infected to the distribution box. In this case, the electrical distribution box thus fulfills its basic function with regard to a permanent or non-switchable distribution of electrical energy for various consumers via standard plug interfaces, so that a particularly rapid, fail-safe and reliable electrical installation can be made within a model plant.

According to the embodiment according to claim 4, the contact-type interface with an interface connector to connect to activate the distribution function of the distribution box with respect to supplied electrical energy. In particular, in the absence of a digital decoder, the multi-pole interface of the distributor box is to be provided with an interface connector, which establishes the required electrical connections between the input to the distribution box for the supply of electrical energy and the various outputs for distributing electrical energy. An advantage of this embodiment is also that by staking or removing the interface connector all outputs can be switched flow or energy-free, so installation or conversion work on the low-voltage distribution system or on the model making without risk of formation of short circuits are made can. In addition, such an interface connector has the advantage that an electrically simple, internal wiring of the distribution box is sufficient, whereby the cost of creating the distribution box can be kept low.

In the embodiment according to claim 5, it is advantageous that a decoder attached to the distributor box can be programmed in a conventional manner or individually addressed. It is only the distribution box to connect to the low-voltage distribution system of a digitally controlled model building. Via the standard programming or operating devices, the corresponding programming or addressing method is then to be carried out in a conventional manner. By using without existing electrical components, the total cost of building a functionally diverse model plant can be kept low. N 2008/30700 ·· ···· -6-

In the embodiment according to claim 6 or 7 it is advantageous that by means of the electrical distribution box not only a distribution of electrical energy takes place, but at the same time a distribution or forwarding of electrical control signals takes place, as they are required in particular for digitally controlled model railway systems. In particular, this ensures unimpeded forwarding of the electrical or digital control signals within the low-voltage distribution system. Regardless of whether it is a DC distribution network or a three-wire AC system, each with modulated control signals.

The measures according to claim 8, a simple multiplication of the switchable outputs can be achieved. In particular, by a multiple arrangement of distribution boxes with corresponding digital decoders and a complex model building with on demand switched on and off energy can be supplied, the various consumers selectively starting from a standard switching or command center, such as a control PC or the like and can be disabled.

By the measures in claim 9, an individual construction of a model plant is facilitated. In particular, by reprogramming decoders which are connected to the various distribution boxes, the system behavior can be adapted in a simple manner to the individual requirements or needs. In addition, these measures result in a highly flexible low-voltage distribution system with regard to the functionality or the available switching variants. In any case, a free, individual addressability of the decoder offers considerable advantages over rigidly addressed or permanently preprogrammed decoders.

Also advantageous are the measures according to claim 10, since it is thereby made possible for a user in a simple and unmistakable manner to check the operating or switching states of the respective outputs. This is particularly advantageous when troubleshooting or can be achieved by a support in terms of manual operation or complex operating sequences.

However, an embodiment according to claim 11 is also advantageous since the respective states at the switching outputs of the decoder or the operating states of the decoder are visualized so that any programming or switching or operating errors can be quickly detected by the user and corrected if necessary. N2008 / 30700 ♦ · · · · · · ··········································

Another advantage is also an embodiment according to claim 12 and / or 13, as this the distribution box can be easily adapted to the respective consumers in terms of their power supply function. For example, by implementing a module with a constant current source function, it is possible to supply LED illuminations with a-adequate or optimally conditioned electrical energy. Furthermore, constant voltage sources, for example for microcontroller applications or for other controllers, DC / DC converters, for example for adaptation to the respectively required lower or higher voltage levels, AC / DC converters, for example for the rectification of voltage, or DC / AC converters, for example, to provide AC voltage at the respective output, are implemented in a simple manner in the distribution box. The improved adaptability of the distributor box to the respective requirements thereby increases the acceptance of use of the distributor box according to the invention.

In the embodiment according to claim 14, it is advantageous that the respective output switching modules can be replaced in a simple manner by other or by the same type output switching modules, without this soldering is required.

The measures according to claim 15, various energy transformations or energy conditioning, such as pulse width modulations, frequency transformations and the like, in a simple manner via a locally remote or central control and operating device, for example by means of a control panel or a control PC initiated or be activated and deactivated. A possibly lifelike or as realistic as possible replication of scenarios occurring in practice, such as a variable window lighting of a building complex, can be further improved.

By the measures according to claim 16, the outputs of the distribution box can be easily adapted to the respective requirements. By way of example, the respectively required switching powers of the outputs can thereby be adapted to the respective electrical powers of the consumers. The dimensioning or type selection is primarily dependent on each to be switched, electrical consumers.

The measures according to claim 17, the construction of a wireless transmission system for the exchange or the transmission of digital data is possible. In particular, the respective control commands or data or status messages N2008 / 30700 must no longer be transmitted or distributed via wired or wireless networks. The supply voltages for the various consumers can be provided comparatively easily available, after they no longer have to be linked to the digital data or control signals.

Finally, an embodiment according to claim 18 is advantageous, since thereby the number of switchable outputs per distribution box can be adapted to the respective needs or requirements in a simple manner. In addition, this distribution boxes can be created, which on the one hand comprise outputs with fixed or permanent energization and on the other hand have outputs which are configured as required schait-bar via a control unit and an attached decoder at the interface. On the other hand distribution boxes can be created, which have a relatively high number of switchable outputs, so that a modular expandability of the control system is created, which corresponds to the individual requirements as cost-effective and needs.

For a better understanding of the invention, this will be explained in more detail with reference to the following figures.

In each case, in a highly simplified, schematic representation:

Figure 1 is a designed for a model railroad low-voltage distribution system with distribution boxes according to the invention, wherein a first distribution box for electrical energy is executed without decoder Is and another distribution box for electrical energy is provided with a digital decoder.

2 shows a low-voltage distribution system with a plurality of distribution boxes, which are interconnected in a ring-line structure, wherein a plurality of feed-in points for electrical energy are formed in this ring-line structure;

3 shows a circuit diagram of a distributor box with a digital decoder connected to this distributor box and with integrated switching units;

4 shows a schematic representation of a distributor box with an interface for data or signal transmission by radio;

5a shows a switching unit for a distributor box comprising at least one field effect transistor; N2008 / 30700 • · • • • • • • • • ♦ · ·· • · * Μ ···· -9-

FIG. 5b shows a switching unit for a distributor box comprising at least one bipolar transistor; FIG.

5c shows a switching unit for a distributor box comprising at least one electromechanical relay;

5d a switching unit for a distributor box comprising at least one optical coupler;

6 distribution boxes according to the invention, each with two contact, multipolar, digital interfaces for connection to digital decoders;

7 shows a distribution box with an additional circuit for manually switching the outputs of the distribution box.

By way of introduction, it should be noted that in the differently described embodiments, the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals or the same component names, wherein the disclosures contained in the entire description can be mutatis mutandis to the same parts with the same reference numerals or component names. Also, the location information chosen in the description, such as top, bottom, side, etc. related to the immediately described and illustrated figure and these position information in a change in position mutatis mutandis to transfer to the new location. Furthermore, individual features or combinations of features from the different exemplary embodiments shown and described can also represent independent, inventive or inventive solutions.

1 shows an excerpt from an exemplary low-voltage distribution system 1 for distributing electrical energy within a model or model railway installation. In such a low-voltage distribution system 1, at least one exemplified distributor box 2 according to the invention is arranged. In the illustrated embodiment, two electrical distribution boxes 2 are implemented, which are connected to each other via two- or multi-pole connecting lines 3 and contact-based multi-pin connectors 4. Electrical energy and / or electrical control signals, in particular digital control data, between the distributor boxes 2 and / or between a distributor box 2 and a control unit or a programming or operating unit 11 or a N2008 / 30700 t therein are transmitted via these connecting lines 3 and plug connections 4 : • ft • ft ···· -10-integrated or separately formed electrical energy source, such as a transformer 6 or a power supply transmitted.

If necessary, the respective distribution boxes 2 can be connected to at least one electrical load 5. These electrical consumers 5 within a model plant can be formed, for example, by lighting fixtures, points or signals. The respective electrical consumers 5 are connected via electrical connection lines 3 and preferably via contact, two- or multi-pole connectors 4 to a mostly locally associated, electrical distribution box 2. These connectors 4 can be formed by any plug and socket systems, which are suitable in terms of their electrical characteristics and sizes for modeling.

The electrical energy or supply voltage to be distributed is made available by an electrical energy source, for example via a transformer 6, and is supplied to the distributor box 2 via connecting lines 3 and a contact-type multipolar plug system. If no digital decoder 7 is formed on the distributor box 2 or the distributor box is not provided with a decoder 7, i. a digital interface 8 of the distributor box 2 is not connected to a digital decoder 7, the electrical energy supplied to the distributor box is preferably forwarded to each output 9 of the distributor box. That the electrical distribution box 2 distributes the supplied electrical energy by forwarding the electrical energy to the outputs 9 and to optionally connected consumers 5. In this case, the distribution box 2 may be referred to as an electrical node, after supplied electrical energy is continuously transmitted or distributed to the respective outputs 9.

However, if the distributor box 2 is connected to a digital decoder 7, in particular at the multi-pole contact interface 8, a digital decoder 7 is connected, the electrical energy via integrated in the decoder 7 output switching stages or switching elements 10 and / or via integrated in the distribution box 2 switching elements 16 - Fig. 3 - according to a program or operating unit 11 programmed sequence or according to individual control desires or control commands of an operator the respective electrical consumers 5 made available. In particular, by means of electrical or digital control or programming of the decoder 7, at least one N2008 / 30700, connected as required, is provided. · ···············································

Consumer 5 from a group of several consumers 5 selectively switchable, in particular selectively and if necessary, activated and deactivated.

In particular, a standard programming or operating unit 11, as is known from the model building sector, can be connected to the distributor box 2 via at least one connecting line 3 and preferably via at least one contact-type, multipolar plug connector 4. At least the digital signals or control commands are fed from the programming or operating unit 11 into the low-voltage distribution system 1 via the corresponding connecting line 3. Optionally, via the same connection line 3, the supply of electrical energy, in particular the supply or drive energy can take place, wherein the digital signals or control commands of this electrical supply or drive energy are preferably superimposed or aufmodüliert. On the basis of these modulated control signals or data, the decoder 7 can be selectively addressed or selected and receive the switching commands required for the selective switching of outputs 9 and decode or implement. The activation or selection of the respective outputs 9 and / or consumers 5 thus takes place on the basis of at least one decoder 7 via at least one distribution box 2 in the low-voltage distribution system 1. The decoder 7 is connected to the low-voltage via the contact-type digital interface 8 of a distribution box 2 Distribution system 1 is connected and demodulates the received electrical control signals, so that he receives from it the data required for its intended function. Via the low-voltage distribution system 1, it is also possible to parameterize a decoder 7 connected to a distributor box 2, in particular to program a decoder 7 connected to the interface 8. For example, in the case of existing electrical connection of a decoder 7 with a distributor box 2 connected to the low-voltage distribution system 1, an unambiguous address assignment to the decoder 8 can be made by assigning it a free address within the available address range by means of the programming or operating unit 11. Alternatively or in combination, it is also possible to carry out a sequence programming at the respective decoder 7, wherein switching or control sequences are specified in a so-called programming or teach mode and stored in the decoder 7 for a subsequent execution, in order to have a variety To simulate processes without doing manual operations on the programming or operating unit 11. N2008 / 30700 • t ·· ·· ···· ··

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The execution of a quasi-intelligent distribution box 2 with selectively controllable outputs 9 and consumers 5 is marked in Fig. 1 with a "B". The configuration of an identical distribution box 2 with a digital interface 8, but without a digital receiving module or decoder and consequently fixed or non-switchable distribution of elektischen energy to the outputs 9, is marked in Fig. 1 with "A".

The programming or operating unit 11 can be formed by a standard digital travel controller used in the model railway industry, which often combines many functions, in particular supply, operating, monitoring and programming functions.

If no decoder 7 is connected to the distributor box 2, the electrical energy is distributed via an internal wiring of the distributor box 2, as shown by way of example in FIG. 3, to the outputs 9 of the distributor box 2, without a selective switching function on the outputs 9 to be able to exercise. If electrical loads 5 are connected to the outputs 9 of the distributor box 2, they will fulfill their intended purpose, such as emitting light when the electrical energy is supplied by the transformer 6, changing a switch position or driving or switching a moving unit. This "basic version" of the distributor box 2 is shown in FIG. 1 by the distributor box 2 labeled "A". Such a distributor box 2 can also be operated without a digital control device or without a digital programming or operating unit 11. In particular, the basic version A of the distributor box 2 also works in simple analog systems, this distributor box 2 offering the user the advantage of being able to couple various consumers 5 to the low-voltage distribution system 1 via corresponding multi-pole plug connectors 4 in order to rapidly and reliably supply the electrical energy distributed to each connected consumer 5. It is also a combinatorial use of distribution boxes 2 with decoder 7 (distribution box "B") and without decoder 7 (distribution box, A ") in a common low-voltage distribution system 1 possible. In particular, a distributor box 2 without a connected decoder ("A") is a simple Stromverteiier that allows a comfortable and reliable power distribution to the various consumers 5. Through the respectively implemented, contact interface 8 to the distribution boxes 2, the user can decide at any time whether he operates the distributor box 2 only as a low-voltage distribution box without switching function, or the Verteilerbox 2 simply upgrades if necessary by a decoder 7, via the outputs 9 selective switching operations to perform. N2008 / 30700 • t ·········································································································································· -

Through the use of standardized digital interfaces 8, it is possible to use different types of decoders from different manufacturers. It is also possible to form on a distributor box 2 a plurality of standardized interfaces 8, which are compatible with the respective types of decoder 7. The need-coupling decoder 7 are typically unmistakably addressed, the assigned address can be determined by the user. Thus, a replacement of a defective decoder 7 by a new decoder 7 is easy to perform by simply these via the digital interface 7 off or infected. The decoder 7 must be before their intended use by a programming or. Control unit 11 are programmed. In this case, the respective decoder 7 is assigned a unique address in the low-voltage distribution system 1 address to the respective decoder 7 in the installed state within a group of several decoders 7 to control or to be able to select selectively. The decoder 7 is then selected via its respective address, which can be set, for example, at the programming or operating unit 11, and then the respective outputs 9 of the corresponding distributor box 2 can be selectively activated and deactivated.

For many users the "Plug and Playu wish is strong. This is taken into account by the respective consumers can be 5 simply plugged via connectors 4 to the distribution box 2, making them immediately available or functional, without soldering or screwing are required. This advantage is achieved even if the distribution box 2 ("A") has only a permanent power distribution function. For any switching functions or for light simulations in model buildings it is represented by a distribution box 2 in the version "B", i. equipped with a digital decoder 7, no longer necessary to stake out the power supply or provide an additional switching element in the supply line. The effort in the wiring and in terms of the required components is thus kept as low as possible despite significantly increased functionality or performance of a model construction or model railway system equipped with a switchable distributor box 2 (version "B"). In particular, the time and material required for the conversion or functional expansion of an existing Modeilbahnanlage by means of the power distribution boxes 2 according to the invention is kept as low as possible.

It is essential that a relatively easy-to-install power distribution system with contact-based multipolar connectors 4 is provided for the on-demand connection of electrical loads 5 and this basic or basic version by N2008 / 30700 -14- »# simple plugging a decoder 7 provided on this, connection- or function-compatible interface 8 a targeted, selective Femschaltbarkeit consume 5 is possible. In particular, it is possible for a modeler, if necessary, to make an already existing, simple power distributor box 2 ("A") "more intelligent" and to convert this from a simple power distribution function to a switchable distributor box 2 ("B") , Depending on usage requirements or the user's request, a "downgrading" of a switchable distribution box 2 ("B") to a simple power distribution box 2 ("A") can also be carried out by simply decoding a decoder 7 connected to the interface 8 and staked and / or removed or disabled. The material and time required is as small as possible. In addition, the respective functional states of the distributor boxes 2 are to be detected quickly and unambiguously for the user.

In the embodiment of the low-voltage distribution system 1 according to Figure 1, a serial arrangement or juxtaposition of the distribution boxes 2 is provided. The distributor boxes 2 are arranged one after the other, with the preceding distributor box 2 looping through the electrical energy and providing it by means of a multi-pole contact-type plug connection 4 and at least one connecting line 3 for a subsequent distributor box 2. This variant is the simplest method for the distribution of electrical energy.

As has been shown schematically in FIG. 2, it is also possible to connect the distributor boxes 2 to a ring network by means of the multi-pole contact-type plug-in connections 4 and the connecting lines 3. This variant offers improved security of supply since the distributor boxes 2 are supplied with energy from at least two points. This multiple supply of electrical energy allows a design with lower power transformers 6. In addition, the electrical voltage in the low-voltage distribution system 1 is more stable, since a shorter voltage drop is caused by shorter connecting lines 3 until the next entry point.

3 shows a schematic, exemplary circuit diagram with an excerpt via the internal connection lines 12 of a distributor box 2. Electrical energy is supplied to the distributor box 2 via a multi-pole, contact-type connector interface 13. Via the internal connecting lines 12, the electrical energy is looped through the distributor box 2 and is inter alia at the multi-pole contact-type connector interface 14 for forwarding to a further or subsequent distribution N2008 / 30700 • ··· · · · · · ··· ························································································································································································································ A tapping and provision of electrical energy for the outputs 9 of the distributor box 2 takes place by means of contacts 15 on the internal connection lines 12. The controllable switching element 16 is at least one respective controllable switching element 16 at the respective outputs 9 on the one hand connected to the internal connection lines 12 for the power supply and on the other hand via at least one control line 17 with at least one contact point of the multi-pole, contact-type, digital Schni 8 and subsequently connected to the decoder 7, in particular with a switching output or switching element 10 of a coupled to the digital interface 8 decoder 7 connectable. If the decoder 7 now outputs a switching signal or a switching command to the switching element 16 via the control line 17, the switching element 16 is actuated or switched by this switching signal, in particular set into the electrically conducting or blocking state.

Preferably, the switching elements 16 are placed in the blocking state when actively controlled via the corresponding switching output of the decoder 7, in which they represent an interruption of the current path to the respective output 9. For example, switching contacts 18 of an electromechanical switching element 16 are actuated in order to interrupt the circuit. The need 5 connected to the respective output 9 of the distribution box 2 via the internal connecting lines 12 and via the multi-pole, contact-type plug connector 4 is thereby disconnected from the power supply. If the connected consumer 5 is defined, for example, as a lighting application, it would go out and then emit no more light. Switching contacts 18 of the switching elements 16 are formed in FIG. 3 as simple normally closed contacts, for example by relay contacts 19. The switching elements 18 can also be formed by semiconductor switches 20, as shown in Figs. 5a, 5b and 5d. The switching elements 16 are preferably formed by self-conducting switching elements, whereby they are present without external control in the electrically conductive state. As a result, the distributor box 2 also fulfills a practical distributor function for the electrical energy supplied via the plug interface 13 or 14, even without a decoder 7 coupled or even in the case of an inactive decoder 7, in a simple manner. Alternatively, a self-locking design of the switching elements 16, in particular a design with normally open contacts or positive control logic is conceivable.

When using a wide variety of consumers 5 or due to interconnections of electrical consumers 5 in groups, it is often necessary to connect to the N2008 / 30700 < 9 9 9 9 " • "

Outputs 9 different or adapted electrical output power to provide. This power range can range from a few milliamps for an LED application up to a few amps for electric drives. In order to optimally switch such different powers, differently dimensioned suspend elements 16 are expedient. Due to the formation of interchangeable or modular pluggable switching elements 16 via contact multipolar interfaces 21, the switching line of the switching elements 16 can be adapted to the required power or a simple replacement or replacement of switching elements 16 are made.

Through various types of consumers 5, such as glow lamps or LEDs, it is often necessary to adapt the energy provided by the distributor box 2 to the respective consumer 5. For this purpose, at least one e-lectronic circuit 22 for energy adaptation is implemented in the distributor box 2. In order not to have to connect this electronic circuit 22 to the output 9 to the distribution box 2, within a housing of the distribution box 2, a further contact-connected, multi-pole interface 23 may be formed for electronic circuits 22, as shown in Fig. 3. Various electronic circuits 22, in particular constant-current sources, constant-voltage sources, DC / DC converters, AC / DC converters, rectifier circuits, short-circuit protection circuits, etc., can be connected to this contact-type, multi-pole interface 23. As a result, an optimal or adapted supply of the consumer 5 is ensured. Should no electronic circuit 22 be required for energy conditioning or energy adaptation, the multi-pole contact interface 23 can be easily switched with a bridging element 24 to the output 9 of the distribution box 2.

By structurally or geometrically different embodiments of the two internal interfaces 21 and 23 in the distribution box 2, a confusion of these interfaces 21, 23 and an inappropriate coupling to switching elements 16 and electronic circuits 22 can be avoided.

As was illustrated in FIG. 4, a transmission of the digital signals for the decoder 7 or from the decoder 7 to a central control unit or to a programming or operating unit 11 - FIG. 1 - is also possible via a wireless data transmission system 25 , The necessary digital information is transmitted by means of electromagnetic waves or via radio to the decoder 7 or emitted by the decoder 7. The decoder 7 is for this purpose a transmitting and / or receiving device 25 'N2008 / 30700 ♦ ···································. It is assigned to transmit and / or receive and to encode or decode appropriate signals. Suitable radio transmission systems for this wireless data transmission system 25 may be formed by Bluetooth, wireless LAN or other free radio systems, for example by well-known control radio systems within the ISM band area, in particular at frequencies of about 433 MHz or 868 MHz.

FIGS. 5a to 5d show different embodiments of switching elements 16.

The switching function of the switching element 16 can be implemented by a variety of components. In FIG. 5 a, a field-effect transistor 26, in particular a MOS-FET, is used for this purpose. This is characterized in particular by fast switching times and low-power control, whereby the signal strength of the switching signal of the decoder 7 can be low. Furthermore, due to the fast switching times, small losses occur at the field effect transistor 26, which is formed, for example, by a normally blocking, but preferably by a normally conductive field effect transistor 26. According to FIG. 5 b, the switching element 16 is formed by a transistor 27. A transistor 27 is common and cheap in many different power classes available. According to Fig. 5c, the switching element 16 is defined by a relay 28. Such a relay 28 is characterized by its simple and robust design and high switching performance. According to FIG. 5d, the switching element 16 is formed by an optoelectronic switch 29, in particular by at least one optocoupler. This results in the advantage that the drive circuit of the decoder 7, in particular the output switching stage of the decoder 7, is electrically isolated from the power supply circuit.

In Fig. 6 distribution boxes 2 with two multi-pole, contact-type interfaces 8 are shown. This makes it possible to increase the number of switchable outputs 9 of the distribution box 2, in particular to double. Due to the frequently very limited number of switching outputs on the decoder 7, it is often not possible to connect all the existing loads 5 to the outputs 9 provided by a distributor box 2. As a remedy, a further distributor box 2 can be connected to the low-voltage power distribution system 1 via a multi-pole, contact-type plug connector 4 and via connecting lines 3. Alternatively, by using a plurality of decoders 7 in or on a distributor box 2, it is possible to provide a distributor box 2 with an increased number of switchable outlets 9. Despite multiple training of contact digital interfaces 8 for connecting decoders 7 to N2008 / 30700 ···· ♦ · · ·· · «4 · · 4 f« · «· • ··· · · · · · · · · · However, it is also possible to connect only one decoder 7, which results in a subset of selectively switchable outputs 9. In the contact-based, digital interfaces 8, which are not equipped with a decoder 7, the respective outputs 9 serve as non-switchable connections for the distribution of electrical energy to various consumers. 5

Due to an embodiment of the distributor box 2 with display elements 30 for the respective switching state of the switchable outputs 9 as required, it is particularly easy for the user of such distributor boxes 2 to check the particular switching state of the switching element 16, which is preferably arranged within a housing of the distributor box 2. This embodiment is particularly helpful in troubleshooting. Alternatively or in combination, status information or operating states of the decoder 30 can be visualized via such display elements 30.

By a structurally different configuration of the multi-pole contact-type connector 4 to a distribution box 2, it is possible in a simple manner to exclude faulty electrical couplings. This effect can be supported by color and / or number coding of the multi-pole contact-type connector 4. As a result, the connections for the power supply or for the consumers 5, but also the connections for different types of consumers 5, can be easily and effectively distinguished from one another. The likelihood of faulty connection processes and resulting damage to consumers 5, switching elements 16 or electronic circuits 22 is thereby minimized.

FIG. 7 illustrates a distribution box 2 for a low-voltage distribution system 1, in particular for use in conjunction with a model railway, wherein this distribution box 2 can optionally be used in an analog supply network and in a digitally controlled model railway network. This distributor box 2 is equipped with a manually operable additional circuit 31. This makes it possible to activate and deactivate the consumers 5 connected to the respective outputs 9 by manual operation directly on the distributor box 2, ie. optionally with energy to supply and separate from the power supply. In particular, by manual actuation of mechanical buttons or switches 32 on a distribution box 2, which is equipped with this additional circuit 31, at least one output 9 can be selectively and individually switched directly at the distribution box 2, i. be activated and deactivated as needed. In addition, the multi-pole contact-type digital interface 8 with N2008 / 30700 -19- a decoder 7 - Fig. 1 - be provided to make such switching operations starting from digital control devices, in particular via decentralized programming or operating units 11 - Fig. 1 - can.

Alternatively or in combination with an additional circuit 31 for the manual activation and deactivation of outputs 9 directly to the distribution box 2, it is also possible to effect the forwarding of the supplied electrical energy to the outputs 9 via an interface connector 33, which in the absence of a digital Decoder 7 connects the outputs 9 with the supply line or with the internal connection lines 12 - Fig. 3 -for electrical energy. This compared to the digital interface 8 on and off removable interface connector 33 thus provides an electrical bridging element between the electrical supply line to the distributor box 2 and their outputs 9. In addition, such an interface connector 33 quasi act as a main switch for the outputs 9 of the distributor box 2.

The interface 8 is preferably formed externally, i. arranged outside a housing of the distributor box 2 and thus accessible or accessible without opening the distributor box 2.

The preferred use of the distributor box 2 according to the invention is the model railway system. The distributor box 2 according to the invention thereby opens up the possibility of a simple, cost-effective and functionally reliable distribution of electrical energy, in particular low-voltage, to a multiplicity of locally distributed consumers 5. By simply plugging in a commercially available or standard receiver module for digital control data, i. a decoder 7 for model railroad digital controllers or digital model railway locomotives, a simple power distribution box can be upgraded to a "smart" or controllable distribution box 2, as it were. Then, at least some outputs 9 of the distributor box 2 are selectively switchable or the consumers 5 connected thereto can be remotely controlled or, if necessary, activated and deactivated.

A distributor box 2, in which such a decoder 7 is missing or not activated, functions only as a simple, permanent power distributor - the outputs 9 have no switching function here. This functional or operating mode can be used for permanently activated consumers 5 or for model construction in the entry area. If, on the other hand, a programmed decoder 7 is connected by the user via the multi-pin digital interface 8, then at least one output 9 of the distributor box 2 is at least one output 9 of the distributor box. selectively controllable or switchable from the Feme. Elaborate simulations can now be performed by incorporating distribution boxes 2 with digital, standard decoders 7 and a standard programming or operating unit 11 - Fig. 1 - within a digital model trajectory control. Nevertheless, an easily manageable and structured energy distribution and taxation system is maintained.

The embodiments show possible embodiments of the distributor box 2, wherein it should be noted at this point that the invention is not limited to the specifically illustrated embodiments thereof, but also various combinations of the individual embodiments are possible with each other and this possibility of variation due to the doctrine of technical action representational invention in the skill of those skilled in this technical field. So are all conceivable embodiments, which are possible by combinations of individual details of the illustrated and described embodiment variant, includes the scope of protection.

For the sake of order, it should finally be pointed out that in order to better understand the structure of the distributor box 2, these or their components have been shown partially unevenly and / or enlarged and / or reduced in size.

The problem underlying the independent inventive solutions can be taken from the description.

Above all, the individual embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 to 7 can form the subject of independent solutions according to the invention. The relevant objects and solutions according to the invention can be found in the detailed descriptions of these figures. N2008 / 30700 • · * · · · ··································································································································· * · · F · · · i · · · · · · · ·······································

Reference designation 1 Low-voltage distribution system 2 Distribution box 3 Connection line 4 Plug-in connection 5 Electrical consumers 6 Transformer 7 Decoder 8 Digital interface 9 Output 10 Switching element 11 Programming or operating unit 12 Internal connection line 13 Connector interface 14 Connector interface 15 Contacting 16 Switching element 17 Control line 18 Switching contact 19 Relay contact 20 Semiconductor switch 21 interface 22 electr. Circuit 23 Interface 24 Bridging element 25 Data transmission system 25, transmitting and / or receiving device 26 Field-effect transistor 27 Transistor 28 Relays 29 Optoelectronic switch 30 Indicator element 31 Additional circuit 32 Pushbutton or switch 33 Interface connector N2008 / 30700

Claims (18)

1. Distribution box (2) for distributing electrical energy in the model making, with contact-type connections for contact-based Plug-in connections (4) electrical consumers (5) which can be connected as required, in particular for switches, signals and / or lighting, characterized in that the distributor box (2) has at least one multi-pole contact-type interface (8) for the connection of at least one digital decoder (7) as required. and by driving or programming the decoder (7) at least one consumer connected as required (5) from a group of several consumers (5) is selectively switchable. 2. Distribution box according to claim 1, characterized in that it by means of a multi-pole interface (8) connected decoder (7) and a directly or indirectly connected programming or operating unit (11) for selectively connecting electrical energy to the respective output Connections on the distributor box (2) is formed so that selectively or separately controllable, remotely switchable outputs (9) for electrical loads (5) are formed. 3. Verteilerbox according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is in the absence of a decoder (7) for continuously distributing provided or supplied energy to the output terminals (9) and the electrical energy without a Femschalt functionality on demand distributed consumers (5) distributed. 4. Verteilerbox according to claim 3, characterized in that with the multi-pin interface (8), if necessary connectable interface connector (33) for distributing or forwarding of the distributor box (2) supplied electrical energy to the output terminals (9) is formed. 5. Distribution box according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a via the contact-connected multi-pin interface (8) connected N2008 / 30700 • • • • · '' * • • • · · · • • • • • • • * • • Decoder (7) by a programming or operating unit (11), which in at least one of a distributor box (2) comprising low-voltage distribution system (1) is functionally integrated, is individually programmable. 6. Verteilerbox according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one connection for supplying electrical energy and digital data from a programming or operating unit (11) and a transformer (6) or other power supply PSU is formed , 7. Distribution box according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one connection for supplying electrical energy and digital data, starting from a model railway track system, which serves for the transmission of electrical energy and digital data within a model railway system, is formed. 8. Distribution box according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of distribution boxes (2) connected to a common low-voltage distribution system (1) and digital decoder (7) on or in the distribution boxes (2) are uniquely addressed and selectable and independent are formed from each other for selectively switching the respective associated outputs (9) and outgoing terminals. 9. Distribution box according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a with the distribution box (2) connected decoder (7) by means of a programming or operating unit (11) unmistakably addressable and against electrically parallel connected decoders (7) is selectively controllable. 10. Distribution box according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the terminals or the inputs and / or outputs (9) in each case at least one optical display element (30), in particular at least one LED, is assigned, via which the operating mode and / or the switching state of the respective terminal can be displayed. N2008 / 30700 ····················································································································································································································· • • • • • • • «• · Ψ9 • ···« -3 _ 11. Verteilerbox according to claim 10, characterized in that operating or. Switching states of the decoder (7) to the display elements (30) are signaled. 12. Verteilerbox according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the multi-pole contact-type terminals or outputs (9) to e-. electronic circuits (22) are formed. 13. Distributor box according to claim 12, characterized in that the electronic circuits (22) comprise constant current sources, constant voltage sources, DC / DC converters, AC / DC converters or DC / AC converters. 14. Distribution box according to claim 12, characterized in that the electronic circuits (22) constructed in a modular manner and via a contact interface (23) within a housing of the distribution box (2) are interchangeable, if necessary. 15. Distribution box according to claim 12, characterized in that the electronic circuits (22) via the digital decoder (7) are controllable. 16. Verteilerbox according to claim 12, characterized in that the electronic circuits (22) comprise at least one electrical switching element (16), in particular semiconductor switches such as field effect transistors, power transistors or semiconductor relays, or at least one electromechanical switching element (16), in particular relays or contactors. 17. Distribution box according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a transmitting and / or receiving device (25 ') is designed for the wireless transmission of digital data. N2008 / 30700 · ♦ ···· -4 18. Distribution box according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two contact-type multi-pin interfaces (8, 8 ') for on-demand connection of at least two digital decoders (7, T) are provided. Christian Bauer through ag. Dr. Robert Chmilewsky-Lehner N2008 / 30700