AT504749B1 - ELECTROSTATIC FINE-DUST FILTER, METHOD FOR THE DEEP-SEED DEPOSITION, APPLICATION OF THE ELECTROSTATIC FINE-FILTER AND CONTROL FOR THE ELECTROSTATIC FINE-FILTER - Google Patents

Description

oite »e: ®sd '« patesuw * AT504 749 B1 2009-09-15

Description: The invention relates to an electrostatic fine dust filter with an ionization part and a filter part. His field of application are preferably Flauskamine.

The particulate matter has been a topic of public interest for some years, especially in the winter time.

In the large urban areas, the fine dust limit is often massively exceeded. The reason for this is that with the frequently occurring inversion layers too little air exchange takes place and thus the concentration of the solid particles in the air steadily increases.

Various studies prove that particulate matter, especially particles smaller than 1 gm in diameter, endanger health by getting into the alveoli (possible consequences: cough, bronchitis, asthma, cardiovascular diseases and lung cancer).

The particulate matter comes from various sources, including wood heaters.

In terms of exceeding the particulate matter limits, the importance of wood heating is exacerbated because they are operated during the critical for fine dust cold season. In addition, their emissions accumulate in the settlement area. Thus, the contribution of wood combustion to local particulate matter pollution in winter is still significantly higher than the annual average. Measures to reduce particulate matter emissions from wood firing are therefore particularly important.

Electrostatic particulate traps are known in their basic structure and are described, for example, in " ULLMANNS Encyclopedia of Technical Chemistry ", volume 1,1951, pages 379/380, and also in Dubbel's " Taschenbuch für die Maschinenbau, " Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 17th Edition 1990, page L 54, illustration 19. Described.

Dust-laden exhaust gas flows through plates or tubes which are equipped with a spray electrode, wherein the spray electrode is under a high electrical negative voltage. See description of e.g. US-A-5766319 and DE-A-3324803, respectively.

The spray electrode is usually formed as a wire which is mounted in a chamber. The chamber is arranged upright and is flowed through by the gas to be cleaned from bottom to top. See, e.g. GB-A-1,395,323th The wire is held downstream with insulation, while its upstream end is held in the center of the chamber. The chamber is designed essentially as a grounded metal tube, on whose inner wall, the dust is reflected, while the negative-tensioned wire is held with a high voltage machine to about 30 to 80 kV. The voltage source is external in these known devices and requires appropriate supply lines and installation measures. For remote heating systems in the mountains, hunting huts or the like. without electricity network such known devices are therefore not applicable.

JP-A-61050657 shows an air cleaner with a plurality of spray electrodes and a subsequent plate separator, wherein the plates are opposite to the spray electrode at a different electrical potential.

GB-A-1395323 and DE-A-2222538 respectively show an electrostatic precipitator and e.g. on the problem of ozone formation. In these known constructions ionization - which may possibly lead to ozone formation - controlled by a control loop. The ionization current is so weak that no significant amount of ozone in the gas stream occurs. Furthermore, the flow rate of the gas is kept low, so that the dust content in the deposition chamber is reduced. The flow is from bottom to top, after a lonisationsteil follows the deposition part, the cross section of the filter may be circular or rectangular.

The further known prior art shows essentially industrial solutions for reducing the particulate matter in internal combustion engines, e.g. Fine Dust Collector 1/19

oiteüsäisd'ö patenuimt AT504 749 B1 2009-09-15 in the exhaust systems of motor vehicles, e.g. EP-A-1640573 or EP-A-0770766. However, the flow rates of the gas are higher in such constructions and the diameters are less than e.g. in a fireplace. Such systems are therefore not easily transferred for chimney applications. In any case, the power supply is also external there.

WO-A-98/10868 shows a device for the purification of a dust-laden gas stream with a separate ionization part and a filter part. Fig. 1 of WO-A-98/10868 shows an ionization part with a spray electrode. Outside are grounded plates. Deposited from the filter part, wherein the middle and the two outer plates are grounded and the two middle plates have negative or positive potential. The power supply is also external.

The structure of a filter according to WO-A-98/10868 is another prior art to the fine dust filter according to the invention. In the sectional view of its tubes and in the arrangement of the electrostatic potential, the structure according to the invention comes close to the plate structure of WO-A-98/10868. The distribution of the voltage in the filter part is similar to that in WO-A-98/10868, inside and outside mass is applied and in between an electrostatic negative potential. As a result, an electrostatic field builds up between the outside of the inner tube and the inside of the middle tube. Furthermore, an electrostatic field also builds up on the inner surface of the outer tube and the outer surface of the middle tube. In these fields, the deposition of the electrically charged particles takes place. The spray electrode is according to WO-A-98/10868 e.g. made of carbon fibers, and the plates have a high electrical resistance. They are e.g. made of paper, in contrast to the invention, where the tubes are preferably made of stainless steel sheet and the spray electrode is preferably made of e.g. Copper wire. In WO-A-98/10868 there are no indications of the generation of voltage for the generation of electrostatics. However, the person skilled in the art may assume that the voltage supply also takes place externally in this design, as with all other electrostatic flue gas cleaning devices that can be assigned to the prior art.

JP58202053 A discloses a cordless electric dust collector with a heat source fed by a petroleum tank. Above the flame there is a metal net and next to it a reflector. A variety of thermocouples are attached to metal frames near the heat source. These thermocouples emit a voltage of 0.8V at 1000 ° C, are switched in series and are transformed and operate a blower and are used for electrical charging of electrodes of a dust collector. The purified smoke exits through an exhaust port.

The object of the invention is compared to this closest prior art, an improved and inexpensive electrostatic particulate matter filter for flue gas cleaning, for. to provide in house fireplaces with wood firing, which may preferably consist of easily separable modules such as ionization einschließ one or more spray electrodes and at least one filter part with dust and manages without external power supply to generate a high electrical voltage for the ionisationsteil and the filter parts.

This object is achieved with the means of claim 1, the method of claim 11 and a controller according to claim 13. A feature of the fine dust filter according to the invention is thus that the system operates without external power supply by the electrical energy directly from the waste heat won in the fireplace. The voltage for the construction of the electrostatic field is generated directly by the heating heat by means of Peltier element. This power supply for electrostatic particulate filters has several advantages beyond the basic advantage over an external power source, e.g. is only a high voltage in ionisationsteil and in the filter part, when actually heated. This saves energy and reduces safety problems. If a fireplace is heated, its exhaust pipes are denied due to the heat anyway the simple human access. But even then the generation and application of the high voltage takes place, too. In a conventional device with external power supply, however, the high voltage may be present even in the cooled state of the exhaust pipes and thus pose a potential danger to careless persons.

According to a preferred embodiment, the inventive control of the high voltage is such that as possible no ozone is produced by the electrostatic discharge, while still the best possible electrostatic charging of the particulate matter and a separation takes place in the filter part.

The electrostatic filter according to the invention can be easily installed in existing fireplaces and filters out up to 90% of the fine dust produced during firing. The filter is ecologically and economically advantageous because even older heating systems can be used environmentally friendly on. By the invention, existing older heating systems of any kind, "particulate matter suitable". be made. The invention is thus not limited to wood heating. FUNCTION OF THE ELECTROSTATIC FINE-FILTER FILTER OF THE INVENTION: The flue gases flowing through the chimney are ionized in a first section (Fig.1). In this case, each particle of particulate matter is attached to a charge carrier in the form of one or more electrons in order to charge it negatively. In the electrostatic filter part (FIGS. 2 and 3), the charged dust particle is drawn onto the inside of the outer tube or outer side of the innermost tube and deposited there with a strong electric field. DETAILS OF THE CONSTRUCTION: The electrostatic fine dust filter according to the invention preferably consists of a sheet metal tube system, which can be inserted into any standardized - essentially free of curvature - chimney. According to a particular embodiment, it consists of three subsystems: 1. IONIZATION PART: [0022] Upon entering the filter system, the smoke exhaust gases are ionized in a first section. In this case, electrostatic forces are exerted on the fine dust particles in a specially pronounced electric field, which influence the charge balance and thereby charge the fine dust particles electrically. For this purpose, a voltage of about 5O00V to 10O00V is necessary.

This voltage is automatically adjusted by the integrated control according to a preferred embodiment of the respective environmental conditions or properties of the flue gas, so that as possible no uncontrolled electrical breakdowns (flashes) caused by an ozonization of the exhaust gases and in the sequence of ambient air avoid. 2. ELECTROSTATIC FILTER: The fine dust particles charged by the ionization are accelerated in the downstream pipe system by the electric field to a so-called collecting electrode (FIG. 2, FIG. 3) or filter parts and are deposited on this electrode. This electrode must be cleaned or replaced from the particulate matter from time to time, so that the efficiency of the cleaning process of the flue gas is not affected.

However, the cleaning process of the electrodes is carried out according to a particular embodiment, however, also automatically by a reversal of the electric field. This cleaning process may be stored in a "cool" condition. Phase of the fireplace with cached energy driven so that the filter effect is not affected. The detached fine dust is collected again in the collecting container (Fig.5). This collection container must then be emptied at a certain interval. Alternatively, the collecting electrode can also be exchangeable or mechanically cleanable. Depending on the furnace construction and chimney construction, 3/19 te chacks AT504 749B1 2009-09-15 may be placed on the collection container. can also be omitted, so that detached particulate matter falls back into the combustion chamber and is burned there. Because of the required by the flow process in the exhaust gas filter length, it is preferably disassembled into several sections, so that it can be easily inserted into existing fireplaces.

The electric field is generated with a voltage of about 5O00V to 10'OOOV. This voltage is adjusted by an inventive control of a high voltage part, which is fed by a heat generator, the exhaust conditions and / or the ambient conditions such as humidity, temperature and air pressure. 3. CONTROL ELECTRONICS AND POWER GENERATION: The electrostatic fine dust filter according to the invention recovers the electrical energy from the waste heat in the chimney. For this purpose, an electrical voltage or an electrical current flow is generated from a heat flow via a known thermal generator (see FIG. 6).

In order to maximize the temperature difference for the thermogenerator, the thermogenerator must be coupled to the hot side in the chimney and the cool side to the outer edge of the chimney. The outer edge of the fireplace may have improvements in this respect, such as cooling fins or the like.

The electrical energy generated in the thermogenerator is used to generate the high voltages and to drive and control the entire system (see Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 and Fig. 7).

Thus, the filter works only when actually heated and is thus extremely energy efficient. The more heated, the faster the flue gases flow and the more thermal energy is supplied to the thermogenerator, which in turn positively affects the efficiency of the separation efficiency. 4.19

oiteüsäisd'is patenusntt AT504 749 B1 2009-09-15

REFERENCE LIST 1 tube 1 2 tube 2 3 tube 3 4 holder 5 holder 6 spraying electrode 7 spraying electrode 9 8 cover plate 10 ionization part 11 bottom edge of tubes 1,2,3 12 top edge of tubes 1,2,3 13 20 holder for the thermogenerator 21 tube part 22 Insertion point for the Peltier element 23 Insertion point for the Peltier element 24 Coupling point 25 Thermogenerator 26 Thermogenerator 27 28 29 Upper end of the thermogenerator 30 Filter part 31 Tube 32 Tube 33 Tube 34 Lower holder 35 Lower holder 36 Upper holder 37 Upper holder 38 Cover plate 39 Upper end of the tubes 31 , 32,33 40 Filter part 41 Pipe 42 Pipe 43 Pipe 44 Lower bracket 45 Lower bracket 46 Upper bracket 47 Upper bracket 48 Cover plate 49 Upper end of the tubes 41,42,43 50 Filter section 51 Tube 52 Tube 53 Tube 54 Lower bracket 55 Lower bracket 56 Upper bracket 57 Upper end 58 Cover plate 5/19

oiteüsäisd'is patenuimt AT504 749 B1 2009-09-15 59 Upper end 60 Dust container 61 Lapping on tube 51 62 63 Lapping on tube 53 64 70 Electronics 71 Control 72 High voltage generator Ionisation 73 High voltage generator Filter

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Reference will be made to the invention by way of example with reference to an exemplary embodiment, in which: FIG. 1 shows an ionization part in elevation and plan view with spray electrodes, cover plate and holders; [0032] FIG. Figure 2: a first and an identical with this second filter part in plan and plan with cover plate and brackets. Figure 3: a third filter part in plan and plan with lapping, cover plate and brackets. A holder for a thermogenerator in plan and plan view; Figure 5: a dust container in plan and plan for falling dust. Figure 6: a thermal coupling point with room for electronics; FIG. 7 shows a basic structure of an electronic structure; FIG. 8 shows an assembled complete filter. The invention will be explained in more detail by way of example with reference to an exemplary embodiment. The same reference numerals mean the same components. The figures are described comprehensively. Further details are described in the claims or put under protection.

FIG. 1 SHOWS A IONIZATION PART IN SUPERVISION AND IN SECTION A-A

Three tubes 1,2,3, e.g. made of stainless steel V4A sheet, are concentric with a support, e.g. comprising two epoxy plates 4.5, fixed. The three tubes are electrically connected to a wire and grounded.

The preferred sheet thickness of the steel tubes is about 1mm.

The inner tube has a preferred diameter of about 50mm, the middle tube has a preferred diameter of about 100mm. The outer tube has a preferred diameter of about 150mm.

Inside, between the steel tubes 1,2 and 2,3 are two spray electrodes 6,7, e.g. attached in the form of copper wire rings on the brackets 4.5 and covered with a negative electrical potential. Due to the strong curvature of the wire surface, the electric field concentrates more, thereby promoting the lonisationswirkung.

The inflow side of the inner steel tube 3 is sealed with a cover plate 8, so that the flue gas can flow only in the space between pipe 1,2 and 2,3, in which the spray electrodes are located.

When flowing through the flue gas particles are charged electrostatically. The height of the ionisation part is preferably about 50 mm, the spraying electrodes are preferably attached about 20 mm away from the lower edge 11 of the steel tubes 1, 2, 3.

FIG. 2 SHOWS FILTER PART 30 IN SUPERVISION AND IN CUT A-A

Three tubes 31, 32, 33, e.g. made of stainless steel V4A sheet, are concentric on an upper bracket 34,35 and 36,37, by means of two plates made of plastic -. Epoxy resin - fixed. The preferred sheet thickness of the steel tubes is about 1 mm.

The inner tube has a preferred diameter of about 50mm, the middle tube has a preferred diameter of about 100mm, the outer tube has a preferred diameter of about 150mm. As a result, the dimensions directly adjoin the ionization part.

The outer metal tube 31 and the inner metal tube 33 are electrically connected and grounded (ground). These two pipe surfaces form the collecting electrodes for the fine dust. Through the two tubes 31 and 33, the area can be increased compared to a wire-catching electrode for particle deposition.

The middle sheet metal tube 32 is set to a negative potential and can be controlled independently of the spray electrode of the ionization part. The inflow side of the inner steel tube 33 is sealed as in lonisationsteil with a cover plate 38, so that the flue gas can flow only in the interstices between tube 31,32 and 32,33.

At an upper end 39, the tubes 31,32, 33 preferably be embossed to a length of 10mm, so you can push a second identical filter member 40 above.

FIG. 2 SHOWS THE FILTER PART 40 IN SUPERVISION AND IN CUT A-A

This second filter part 40 is constructed identically to the filter part 30. At a e.g. upper end, the tubes may preferably be embossed to a length of 10mm so that you can push another filter part or a filter part end 50 thereabove. The preferred length of the two filter parts 30,40 is about 400mm each. FIG. 3 SHOWS THE FILTER PART END 50 [0055] Three tubes 51, 52, 53, e.g. stainless steel V4A sheet metal, are concentric over a lower support 54,55 and an upper support 56,77, e.g. fixed with two epoxy plates each. The preferred sheet thickness of the steel tubes is 1mm. The inner tube has a preferred diameter of 50mm, the middle tube has a preferred diameter of 100mm, the outer tube has a preferred diameter of 150mm.

The outer metal tube 51 and the inner metal tube 53 are electrically connected and grounded (ground). These two pipe surfaces form the collecting electrodes for the fine dust. By the two tubes 51 and 53, the area for particle deposition can be increased. The middle metal tube 52 is placed on the negative potential.

The inflow side of the inner steel tube 53 is sealed with a cover plate 58, so that the flue gas can flow only in the interstices between tube 51,52 and 52,53.

Except for the end 59 of the inner tube 53 and the outer tube 51, this filter part is identical to that in Fig. 2. At the upper end 59 is located on pipe 51 and 53, a lapping 61, 63, which captures and deposits the dust particles, if they are not yet on the walls of the tubes 51,52, 52 and at the lower pipe sections in the filter member 30 and 40 deposited. The preferred length of the filter part 50 is about 400mm.

FIG. 4 SHOWS A HOLDER 20 FOR THE THERMO-GENERATOR

In a tube part 21, two insertion points 22,23 are mounted, in which the thermogenerator is inserted in the form of Peltier elements and with thermoconductive paste thermally with the pipe part 21 is connected. On the outer wall of the tubular member 21 is the coupling point 24 for the cold side of the Peltier elements and for the control electronics.

At the top 29, the tubular member 21 has an approximately 10 mm wide embossed edge, so you can put together the pipe parts easier. FIG. 5 SHOWS DUST CONTAINER 60 The optional dust container 60 is inserted in the holder 20. The dust container 60 is in the form of a shell encircling the inner circumference of the pipe part 21 and catches the dust falling from the overlying filter parts 30, 40 and 50. The dust filter is easily replaceable, and may e.g. be emptied during a chimney cleaning.

FIG. 6 SHOWS THE THERMAL ENERGY PANEL 24 OF THERMAL ENERGY 25,26 IN DETAIL

The coupling point 24 is attached to the outside of the tube part 21. In the outer part of the coupling point 24, the heat coupling takes place to the cold side of the thermal generator 25, 26 with the Peltier elements. Furthermore, in this area, the electronics with the generation of the high voltage and the control of the electrostatic field of the discharge electrodes 6, 7 and the filter parts 30; 40; 50 housed.

FIG. 7 SHOWS THE STRUCTURE OF ELECTRONICS

The electrical energy of the thermogenerator 25, 26 is supplied to the controller 71. This energy serves simultaneously for the function of the electronics, and the generation of a high voltage in the range of 5000 to 10,000 volts in each case a high voltage generator 72; 73. The high voltage is separated and controllably fed to the ionization part 10 and the filter parts 30,40,50. To minimize ozone pollution, the ionization current can be regulated separately.

FIG. 8 SHOWS THE COMPOSITION of the electrostatic fine dust filter from the above mentioned elements.

Notes: The present patent application and its claims are exemplary parked on a wood-burning plant. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the novel particulate matter removal apparatus as such is not limited to use with a wood heating system, as, more generally, a wood heating system is not limited to burning other combustible substances and materials in it as well eg Paper, coal, coke, accelerant, hydrocarbon compounds such as oil or the like Rubbish etc.

Thus, the scope is not limited to the pure wood firing. The inventive principle of generating energy from the exhaust gases to thus operate an electrostatic fine dust separation is thus protected for all those systems in which simultaneously exhaust gas heat and fine dust occur. This includes u.a. Includes: oil-fired equipment, sweep-burners, engines, such as diesel or gasoline engines, in any application (ship, train, motor vehicles, including tractors, cars, etc.) etc.

A further development of the above-mentioned invention comprises an additional energy storage, which is able to temporarily store electrical energy, so that after completion of the heating process or the Feinstaubabscheidevorgangs still enough energy is stored to start at a fresh start of the heating process immediately with the particulate matter can, even if due to the slowly warming up exhaust gas still little heat energy for the thermogenerator is available. As is known, particulate matter development is the greatest at the beginning of heating. This also applies analogously to the above-mentioned motors, etc. The energy store may be e.g. a Bufferbatterie (condenser or the like.) Which / allows the thermogenerator to start up slowly, but still the 8/19

Stiff patent AT504 749B1 2009-09-15

Particulate matter already provides the necessary energy to already deposit before the effectiveness of the Themo-generators.

In this case, a temperature sensor is usually provided, which detects the increase in the exhaust gas temperature and thus the start of heating in order to activate the control or the electrostatic fine dust separation in the sequence. The temperature sensor may also be associated with its own logic which can distinguish whether the temperature increase is due to a start of heating or other circumstances (e.g., heating of the fireplace by solar radiation). An inventive possibility of discriminating determination of the beginning of heating would be to determine the temperature change (temperature gradient) and from this-based on corresponding specifications in a memory module of the temperature sensor logic-to determine the actual start of heating.

The above information is analogous to all other particulate matter, such. to apply to the engines, etc.

Finally, it should be mentioned that the Feinstaubabscheider invention is not limited to use only own energy. For example, e.g. conceivable, also foreign energy, such. To use electricity from photovoltaic systems for the operation of fine dust separation.

With regard to the mechanical structure of the inventive elements of the inventive Feinstaubabscheiders is still pointed to preferred electrical connection contacts between the pipe elements, there to establish a secure electrical connection when mating the pipe parts if necessary. Likewise, the pipe parts with beads, markings or the like. be provided to make a targeted fit of the pipe parts to each other when they are retrofitted piece by piece in the fireplace.

For clarity, some explanations and remarks have been omitted in the drawings. Some of these are already included in the description of the figures. In addition to the individual figures, the following is noted: TO FIG. 1: The copper wire existing spray electrodes 6, 7 preferably have a circular cross-section with a diameter of about 2 mm. The spray electrodes can also be formed spirally.

The holders 4, 5 consist for example of epoxy plates with a thickness of about 2 mm. FOR FIG.2: The brackets 34, 35 are made of, for example, epoxy plates with a thickness of about 2 mm.

The tubes 31 and 33 form catch electrodes designated 75. TO FIG. 3: The tubes, which preferably consist of V4A stainless steel sheet, preferably have a sheet thickness of approximately 1 mm. The outermost tube 51 and the innermost tube 53 also form catch electrodes 76. The holders 54, 55 are also made, for example, of epoxy plates with a thickness of about 2 mm. 9.19

Claims (15)

1. Electrostatic fine dust filter for flue gas cleaning with an ionisation part (10) opens one or more spraying electrodes (6, 7) which, in the operating state, form an electrostatic field between them and differently poled surfaces (1,2,3) and at least one filter part (30,40,50), as well as with a voltage source (24,25) for generating a electrical floch voltage for the ionization part (10) and the filter parts (30,40,50) in which the voltage source is a thermogenerator (24, 25, 26) which, in the operating state, uses the heat of the flue gas for its operation, characterized in that the electrostatic fine dust filter has separable sections with an ionization part (10) of three mutually concentric tube parts (1, 2, 3) and filter parts (30, 40, 50) arranged one after the other in the direction of the smoke removal, which act as collecting electrodes, whereupon they are charged as a result of the electric field One fine dust separates, and that in the smoke source facing part of the ionisationsteiles (10) one or more Sprühelektroden (6,7) are mounted in a plane transverse to the tube extension and preferably spirally, and that the inner tube (3) to the flue gas source through a Cover (8) is closed, so that the gas can not flow through the central tube (3), and that this inner tube (3) optionally receives a controller or e-lektronische control, which also reverse the direction of the electrostatic field can thereby cause a detachment of the dust particles from the collecting electrode for cleaning purposes, and that the thermal generator (24,25,26) in Rauchabzugsrichtung after the Ionisationsteil (10) is mounted. 2. Fine dust filter according to claim 1, characterized in that an electronic controller is provided which controls the operating state, the electrostatic charge of the ionisationsteil (10) and the filter part (30,40,50) separately. 3. fine dust filter according to claim 1, characterized in that parts of the ionisationsteil (10) and the filter part (30,40,50) are grounded or electrostatically connected to ground. 4. Electrostatic fine dust filter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the three tube parts (1,2,3) of the ionization part (10) are electrostatically grounded (earth) and the discharge electrodes (6,7) have a negative potential, wherein preferably both the voltage potential of the discharge electrodes (6, 7) and the voltage potential of the mass are adjustable independently of one another (relative to absolute mass). 5. Electrostatic fine dust filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermogenerator (24,25,26) preferably by means of a thermogenerator holder (20) between ionisationsteil (10) and the first filter part (30) is mounted. 6. Electrostatic fine dust filter according to claim 5, characterized in that the thermogenerator holder (20) at least one dust container (60) is mounted. 7. Electrostatic fine dust filter according to claim 5, characterized in that following the Thermogeneratorhalterung (20) one or more identical concentric tubular filter parts (30,40) are arranged, wherein the inner (33) and the outer (31) tube electrostatically to ground (Earth) are placed and the middle (32) tube has negative potential. 8. Electrostatic fine dust filter according to claim 7, characterized in that, following the filter part (30, 40), a further tubular filter part (50) is arranged, which at the upper end (59) of its tubes (51, 53) has a lapping (61, 63) for improved particulate matter deposition. 9. Electrostatic fine dust filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermogenerator (24,25,26) is associated with energy storage, a temperature sensor which determines the presence of combustion with corresponding exhaust gases in the operating state by measuring the flue gas temperature and therefore the first energy-10 / 19 iKte-'cscfiSihts AT504 749B1 2009-09-15 memory-triggered deposition process. 10. Electrostatic fine dust filter according to claim 9, characterized in that the temperature sensor is connected to a logic circuit which determines the temperature gradient in the operating state and thus precludes accidental heating of the chimney as a starting point for the flue gas separation. 11. A method for fine dust separation, in particular with an electrostatic fine dust filter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the voltage and the current in the ionisationsteil (10) and in the filter part (30,40,50) are chosen so that upon entry of the smoke exhaust gases, the particulate matter be ionized at a voltage of about 5O00V to 10O00V and deposited in the following filter parts (30.40.50) and that this voltage is automatically adapted by the integrated control to the ambient conditions, so that no electrical breakdowns occur and thus avoid an ozonation of the exhaust gas becomes. 12. Application of the electrostatic fine dust filter according to one of claims 1- 8 in standardized chimney systems, e.g. for wood firing, optionally retrofitted. 13. Control for an electrostatic fine dust filter according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the ionization part (1) and filter part (30, 40, 50) are supplied separately from one another with high voltage, the power supply for the control and the high voltage generation the thermogenerator (24,25), eg from Peltier elements, where the energy for the thermogenerator (24,25) comes from the heat of the exhaust gas. 14. Control for an electrostatic fine dust filter according to claim 13, characterized in that means for detecting the current in the ionisationsteil (10) are provided and that the current intensity with the means of the control independently of the filter part (30.40.50) can be changed. 15. Control according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that means are provided for detecting the environmental influences such as pressure, temperature and humidity and their signals are taken into account in the regulation of the high voltage, so that as possible no ozone is formed by the electrostatic discharge and while still the best possible charging and separation of particulate matter in the filter part is done. For this 8 sheets drawings 11/19