WO1998016928A1 - Procede et systeme de gestion d'acces a des donnees - Google Patents

Procede et systeme de gestion d'acces a des donnees Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998016928A1
WO1998016928A1 PCT/JP1997/002822 JP9702822W WO9816928A1 WO 1998016928 A1 WO1998016928 A1 WO 1998016928A1 JP 9702822 W JP9702822 W JP 9702822W WO 9816928 A1 WO9816928 A1 WO 9816928A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
data
management information
access
information
embedded
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP1997/002822
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Kunihiko Miwa
Hiroya Kobayashi
Norishige Morimoto
Original Assignee
International Business Machines Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from PCT/JP1997/000957 external-priority patent/WO1998016926A1/fr
Priority claimed from PCT/JP1997/002286 external-priority patent/WO1998016927A1/fr
Application filed by International Business Machines Corporation filed Critical International Business Machines Corporation
Priority to PL332798A priority Critical patent/PL191368B1/pl
Priority to US09/269,917 priority patent/US6351439B1/en
Priority to CA002265647A priority patent/CA2265647C/fr
Priority to EP19970934777 priority patent/EP0942418A4/fr
Priority to MYPI97004638A priority patent/MY127838A/en
Publication of WO1998016928A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998016928A1/fr
Priority to HK00100523A priority patent/HK1021588A1/xx

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T1/00—General purpose image data processing
    • G06T1/0021—Image watermarking
    • G06T1/0028—Adaptive watermarking, e.g. Human Visual System [HVS]-based watermarking
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
    • G11B20/00086—Circuits for prevention of unauthorised reproduction or copying, e.g. piracy
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
    • G11B20/00086—Circuits for prevention of unauthorised reproduction or copying, e.g. piracy
    • G11B20/00094—Circuits for prevention of unauthorised reproduction or copying, e.g. piracy involving measures which result in a restriction to authorised record carriers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
    • G11B20/00086—Circuits for prevention of unauthorised reproduction or copying, e.g. piracy
    • G11B20/00731—Circuits for prevention of unauthorised reproduction or copying, e.g. piracy involving a digital rights management system for enforcing a usage restriction
    • G11B20/00746—Circuits for prevention of unauthorised reproduction or copying, e.g. piracy involving a digital rights management system for enforcing a usage restriction wherein the usage restriction can be expressed as a specific number
    • G11B20/00753—Circuits for prevention of unauthorised reproduction or copying, e.g. piracy involving a digital rights management system for enforcing a usage restriction wherein the usage restriction can be expressed as a specific number wherein the usage restriction limits the number of copies that can be made, e.g. CGMS, SCMS, or CCI flags
    • G11B20/00768—Circuits for prevention of unauthorised reproduction or copying, e.g. piracy involving a digital rights management system for enforcing a usage restriction wherein the usage restriction can be expressed as a specific number wherein the usage restriction limits the number of copies that can be made, e.g. CGMS, SCMS, or CCI flags wherein copy control information is used, e.g. for indicating whether a content may be copied freely, no more, once, or never, by setting CGMS, SCMS, or CCI flags
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
    • G11B20/00086—Circuits for prevention of unauthorised reproduction or copying, e.g. piracy
    • G11B20/00884—Circuits for prevention of unauthorised reproduction or copying, e.g. piracy involving a watermark, i.e. a barely perceptible transformation of the original data which can nevertheless be recognised by an algorithm
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/76—Television signal recording
    • H04N5/91—Television signal processing therefor
    • H04N5/913—Television signal processing therefor for scrambling ; for copy protection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2201/00—General purpose image data processing
    • G06T2201/005—Image watermarking
    • G06T2201/0051—Embedding of the watermark in the spatial domain
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2201/00—General purpose image data processing
    • G06T2201/005—Image watermarking
    • G06T2201/0083—Image watermarking whereby only watermarked image required at decoder, e.g. source-based, blind, oblivious
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/76—Television signal recording
    • H04N5/91—Television signal processing therefor
    • H04N5/913—Television signal processing therefor for scrambling ; for copy protection
    • H04N2005/91307—Television signal processing therefor for scrambling ; for copy protection by adding a copy protection signal to the video signal
    • H04N2005/91314—Television signal processing therefor for scrambling ; for copy protection by adding a copy protection signal to the video signal the copy protection signal being a pulse signal inserted in blanking intervals of the video signal, e.g. pseudo-AGC pulses, pseudo-sync pulses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/76—Television signal recording
    • H04N5/91—Television signal processing therefor
    • H04N5/913—Television signal processing therefor for scrambling ; for copy protection
    • H04N2005/91307—Television signal processing therefor for scrambling ; for copy protection by adding a copy protection signal to the video signal
    • H04N2005/91321—Television signal processing therefor for scrambling ; for copy protection by adding a copy protection signal to the video signal the copy protection signal being a copy protection control signal, e.g. a record inhibit signal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/76—Television signal recording
    • H04N5/91—Television signal processing therefor
    • H04N5/913—Television signal processing therefor for scrambling ; for copy protection
    • H04N2005/91307—Television signal processing therefor for scrambling ; for copy protection by adding a copy protection signal to the video signal
    • H04N2005/91328—Television signal processing therefor for scrambling ; for copy protection by adding a copy protection signal to the video signal the copy protection signal being a copy management signal, e.g. a copy generation management signal [CGMS]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/76—Television signal recording
    • H04N5/91—Television signal processing therefor
    • H04N5/913—Television signal processing therefor for scrambling ; for copy protection
    • H04N2005/91307—Television signal processing therefor for scrambling ; for copy protection by adding a copy protection signal to the video signal
    • H04N2005/91335—Television signal processing therefor for scrambling ; for copy protection by adding a copy protection signal to the video signal the copy protection signal being a watermark
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
    • H04N9/79—Processing of colour television signals in connection with recording
    • H04N9/80—Transformation of the television signal for recording, e.g. modulation, frequency changing; Inverse transformation for playback
    • H04N9/804—Transformation of the television signal for recording, e.g. modulation, frequency changing; Inverse transformation for playback involving pulse code modulation of the colour picture signal components
    • H04N9/8042—Transformation of the television signal for recording, e.g. modulation, frequency changing; Inverse transformation for playback involving pulse code modulation of the colour picture signal components involving data reduction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a system for managing access to data by using management information embedded in data.
  • the present invention embeds management information in data, and based on this management information, Managing access to the data.
  • CGMS 1 eye "(adopted force s Mel Copy Generation Management System I 3 ⁇ 4 No. in D AT (digital audio 'tape)
  • the CGMS signal is 2-bit data and represents the following replication conditions.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a system capable of controlling access to data and effectively preventing illegal access to data.
  • an access management information embedding system which prepares management information for performing data access management, and embeds the management information in the data by changing the data amount invariably.
  • a method is adopted in which embedded management information is extracted from the data by changing the data amount invariably, and access to the data is managed according to the extracted management information.
  • a method of changing access management for the data according to the type of medium R AM (rewritable type R (write-once type) or ROM (read-only type)) on which the data is stored is adopted.
  • the management information includes information for controlling the recording of the data, the reception of the data, the reproduction of the data, the interruption of the output of the data, the duplication history of the data, or the change of the management information.
  • Controlling the recording of the data means, for example, that when management information is embedded in data included in a medium such as a CD-ROM, the contents of the CD-ROM are recorded or copied on another medium, for example, a DVD or the like. It means that permission or prohibition is allowed.
  • Controlling the reception of the data means, for example, through a radio network.
  • management information is embedded in incoming data, it means that the data is received by the receiver and output of the data outside the receiver is permitted or prohibited.
  • Controlling the reproduction of the data means that, for example, when management information is embedded in data included in a medium whose medium type is RAM (rewritable type) or R (write-once type), this data reproduction is performed. Means permission or prohibition.
  • Controlling the output disturbance of the data means that, for example, when management information is embedded in data included in a medium whose type is RAM or R, the output of this data to the outside is permitted or prohibited, This means that noise is superimposed on the output signal to control output disturbance.
  • Controlling the copy history of the data means that, for example, if the management information embedded in the data contains information that can be copied only once, after the copy is performed once, copying is prohibited separately from the management information. Is added to the management information as additional information, and subsequent duplication or reproduction is controlled by the management information and the additional information.
  • Controlling the change of the management information means that, for example, when the management information embedded in the data includes information that can be copied only once, after performing the copying once, the management information itself is changed. Means that future duplication is prohibited.
  • the management information relates to data recording, duplication, reception, reproduction, duplication history, output obstruction, and the like.When accessing data, access control is performed based on the embedded management information.
  • the present invention for performing the above can be applied to other management as appropriate without departing from the essence of the invention, such as limitation of access devices, limitation of access and users, data expiration date, authentication information, and the like.
  • “embedding” means that specific information is concealed in the form of data deformation using data hiding technology or the like.
  • data hiding is a general term for the technology for embedding certain information in other media (still images, audio, moving images, etc.). Unlike encryption, this technology aims at information processing. It is not how to keep the information confidential, but how to integrate it with the medium in which the information is embedded.
  • One of the major features of data hiding is that it is an invisible marking method.
  • embedding information in media instead of adding data bits, embedding information by processing (data deformation) the existing data so that it cannot be detected by human vision (data deformation).
  • data deformation no increase in total data volume due to For example, by embedding text information and audio information in an image, the storage side can handle only one type of medium.
  • Another major feature is the inseparability of embedded information. Data hiding embeds additional information directly in the data structure of the medium, not in a header or a separate file, so that even if the medium's platform or data format changes, as long as the quality of the original data is preserved The embedded information can be retrieved.
  • the present invention relates to a method and a system for managing access to data by using management information embedded in data by using such a data hiding technique or the like.
  • the access management method of the present invention is not limited to a specific data hiding technology, but can be used as it is as long as it is a technology for embedding information by data transformation in which the data amount does not change. I want to be.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a procedure for recording data on a medium.
  • FIG. 2 shows data high-speed data using PBC (Pixel Block Coding).
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining an example of extraction and extraction.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining data hiding using PCB when one pixel is one pixel.block.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a procedure for managing reproduction of data recorded on a medium.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a system for managing and outputting data access.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining an arrangement state of pictures in MPEG.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a state of a macro block arranged in a B picture.
  • FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a data access management system according to another embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a procedure (authoring) for recording data on a recording medium.
  • Data such as images, sounds, and software are recorded on DVD-ROM media according to the following procedure.
  • Data that is analog data is converted to digital data by performing analog / digital conversion processing (Step 11).
  • the converted digital data is compressed using, for example, a Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) (step 12).
  • MPEG Moving Picture Experts Group
  • the compressed data is further encoded, encrypted (step 13), modulated (step 14), and recorded on DVD-ROM media.
  • MPEG Moving Picture Experts Group
  • the data is stored in the DVD-ROM after the management information is embedded in the data before, during, or after the compression.
  • This management information is for restricting access to the data when the system accesses data stored in the DVD-ROM, and the system is controlled based on the management information.
  • management information for managing data duplication will be described as an example.
  • each status is represented by the following 2-bit data. Status Content of management information Copy prohibited
  • duplication 00 No limit on duplication 00 (or no data)
  • One-time duplication possible 10 Embedding of management information in data is performed, for example, between analog-to-digital conversion (step 11) and MPEG compression (step 12) (or after compression). ). This embedding can be performed by a technique called data hiding.
  • PBC Cell Block Coding
  • PBC data hiding and extraction
  • data is processed according to a predetermined conversion rule.
  • primary characteristics such as pixel values of two adjacent pixels have a high correlation with each other.
  • adjacent pixels are very similar green and have a high correlation with each other. Therefore, even if these pixels are replaced, it will be almost impossible to visually recognize the replacement. That is, even if a pixel value having a high correlation is operated according to a certain rule, the visual image quality hardly deteriorates.
  • an image area having at least one pixel is defined as a pixel * block (embedded area), and the characteristics of the adjacent pixel blocks are intentionally manipulated based on a certain conversion rule.
  • Hide bit data The data is represented by a comparison of the properties of adjacent pixel blocks.
  • the bit information is expressed by exchanging the characteristic values (eg, luminance values) of two adjacent pixels / blocks according to the following conversion rules.
  • Bit “0” the characteristic value of the other pixel 'block (P B 1) is the other
  • the bit information is extracted by comparing the characteristic values (eg, brightness values) of two adjacent pixel 'blocks according to the following extraction rule corresponding to the above conversion rule.
  • FIG. 2 shows the data hiding and extraction using PBC.
  • FIG. Pixel 'blocks PB 1 and PB 2 may be defined as a set of a plurality of pixels, for example, 3 ⁇ 3 pixels, or one pixel may be defined as one pixel block. Neighboring pixel blocks have a high degree of correlation, so that even if the positions are interchanged, the image is not perceived to be inferior enough to be visually recognizable. Wax (Fig. 2 (a)). Let us consider the case where the position of the pixel 'block in the original image is as shown in Fig. 3 (b).
  • the characteristic values of two pixel blocks are compared, and as a result, it is assumed that the characteristic value of PB1 is larger than the characteristic value of PB2.
  • the characteristic value of these blocks is not replaced because the characteristic value of pixel.block already satisfies the condition of data "1" in the above conversion rule.
  • data is extracted, if the characteristic value of PB1 is large, data "1" is extracted because the extraction rule defines that the data is "1".
  • the characteristic value in addition to the luminance value as described above, a value relating to the primary characteristic and a value relating to the secondary characteristic of the pixel 'block (embedded area) can be used.
  • Primary characteristics are direct parameters of pixel values, such as the luminance and chromaticity of a pixel block.
  • the secondary characteristic is obtained by decomposing the primary characteristic, such as a value indicating a statistical property such as an average value and a variance of the parameter.
  • the pixel blocks targeted for PBC are not necessarily limited to adjacent blocks.
  • a luminance value as a primary characteristic and a variance value as a secondary characteristic will be described as examples as characteristic values of a pixel block.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining embedding of 6-bit data into six pixels / block using PBC when one pixel is a pixel / block.
  • a block containing a relatively large number of pixels is used to increase the resistance to image editing and compression, if the average brightness of all pixels in the block is switched between blocks, a stripe pattern will appear on the image. Noise may occur. So the pixel luminance value in the block Is used as a characteristic value.
  • the management information is embedded using the above-mentioned data hiding technique, and the data stored in the DVD_ROM is accessed by the following procedure.
  • data is read from the DVD-ROM. As shown in Fig. 1, this read data is obtained by compressing the data with the management information embedded in it (Step 11), encoding it, encrypting it (Step 12), and modulating it (Step 14). is there.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a procedure for managing a data access method.
  • the data source is, for example, a storage medium (media) such as DVD-ROM or CD-R, communication such as the Internet, or satellite broadcasting.
  • the supplied data is demodulated (step 41) and decoded (step 42). If the data is MPEG compressed, decompress it (Step 43).
  • the management information embedded in the data is extracted, and if necessary, the content of the management information is changed, and the necessary change is embedded again in the data.
  • the above-mentioned data.hiding extraction process is used.
  • the embedding area where management information is embedded is specified from the read data.
  • the management information is extracted according to the state of the embedding area by referring to the extraction rule corresponding to the content of the data for extracting the state of the embedding area.
  • the extracted management information is data “00”, data duplication is permitted according to the above rules. If the data is “11”, this means that data duplication is prohibited. In this case, control the access system to prohibit data replication.
  • Data "10” means that data can be duplicated conditionally (once). What this means is A copy based on the data in the original DVD-ROM will be allowed, but further duplication based on this copy is prohibited. In this case, it is necessary to control the access system to allow the data to be copied only once, and to prevent the data from being further copied using the copied data as a source.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a system for reproducing data stored in the DVD-ROM.
  • the DVD-ROM 51 set in the data supply unit 61 as described above, data in which management information is embedded using the data-hiding technique is stored.
  • the data read from the readout unit 52 in the data supply unit 6 1 is used to form a signal processing system 62,
  • the management information extractor 56 specifies the embedding area where the management information is embedded from the decompressed digital data (or directly from the MPEG data) output from the MPEG decoder 55, and also specifies the embedding area. By referring to the extraction rules corresponding to the contents of the data for extracting the state of Management information is extracted according to the state of the embedding area. (Note that management information can be extracted before and after MPEG decompression.)
  • the DZA converter 57 in the signal processing system 62 converts the digitized data from which management information has been removed into analog data. Convert and output an analog playback signal (for example, NTSC).
  • the interference signal generated by the interference signal generator 60 (for example, APS: Analogue Protection System such as Macrovision Signal) is selectively converted into an analog reproduction signal by the switch 59 in the output section 63. Superimposed.
  • the switch 59 is controlled by a control signal from the management information extractor 56.
  • the output unit 63 outputs the analog playback signal or the superimposed signal as an analog output signal.
  • the management information extractor 56 issues a control signal to turn off the switch 59. Output. In this case, the interference signal is not superimposed on the analog reproduction signal, and the analog reproduction signal is output as it is.
  • the management information extractor 56 outputs a control signal to turn on the switch 59.
  • a signal is output in which the interference signal generated by the interference signal generator 60 is superimposed on the analog signal from the DZA converter 57. If you try to display an image on a monitor based on a signal on which a disturbing signal is superimposed, a normal image can be displayed on the monitor without being affected by the disturbing signal due to the characteristics of the monitor. it can. However, if you try to record this video using a digital VTR that has an analog input terminal, you will not be able to record normal video due to the effects of interfering signals. Therefore, even if video can be reproduced from the signal with the interfering signal superimposed, it cannot be digitized and recorded, effectively preventing data duplication. can do.
  • the management information changer 58 changes the management information in the read data to "copy prohibited" when recording it on the recorder. Embed the information when writing it to the next media. As a result, subsequent data duplication based on the duplicated data can be effectively prevented.
  • N / A on ROM-type playback media means that this combination does not exist. That is, data 11 (unconditional duplication is not possible), 10 (duplicate only once), 00 (unconditional duplication)
  • the basic management information is deleted by using one bit of additional information indicating whether or not the data has been copied once. It can be performed.
  • the additional information may be embedded by the same embedding method as the previously embedded data (management information), or may be embedded by another embedding method to enhance security.
  • the additional data may be controlled not only by one bit but also by using a large number of bits. In any case, the present invention can be similarly implemented without departing from the essence of the present invention.
  • the management information is not limited to the information on the restriction on duplication, but can be applied to various management information that controls the system.
  • the management information is combined with the determination result of the media type.
  • the following reproduction permission information may be used.
  • the management information may be an expiration date that defines a period during which data can be reproduced or recorded, authentication information for reproducing media contents, a disc key, a title key, and the like. Each piece of information is the data needed to access the data.
  • Another data hiding technique will be described as a second embodiment. In this embodiment, it should be noted that the embedding of the management information is performed at the time of MPEG encoding, and that the extraction can be directly performed from the MPEG data, which is different from the above-described embodiment.
  • M PEG forward prediction from past reproduced images, backward prediction from future reproduced images, and bidirectional prediction using both forward prediction and backward prediction are used.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining an arrangement state of pictures in MPEG. As shown in this figure, in order to realize bidirectional prediction, MPEG defines three types of frames: I picture, P picture, and B picture.
  • the I picture is a picture that has been subjected to intra-coding (intra-coding), and all macroblocks in this picture have been subjected to intra-coding (predictive coding within a frame).
  • a P picture is an image that has been subjected to inter-frame forward prediction coding, but some macro blocks in this picture may be intra-coded.
  • a B picture is an image obtained by performing bidirectional predictive coding between frames.
  • a macro block in a B picture is basically encoded by forward prediction, backward prediction, or bidirectional prediction, but may include an intra code.
  • the screen for intra-coding the entire screen is an I picture, and the I picture and P picture are coded in the same order as the moving picture.
  • a B picture encodes a B picture inserted between the I picture and the P picture after processing the I picture and the P picture.
  • the embedding area in which the management information is embedded is a macroblock of a B picture, and one bit of information can be embedded in one macroblock. Therefore, if the message 'data is multi-bit, it is necessary to perform embedding processing for the corresponding number of macro blocks.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a state of a macro block arranged in a B picture.
  • a macroblock is a unit to be encoded. For each macroblock, motion compensation is performed on a luminance block of 16 pixels XI 6 pixels, and a motion compensation inter-frame prediction method is performed for each macroblock, and information compression based on temporal screen correlation is performed.
  • Macroblocks in a B picture can be classified into the following four types of prediction.
  • Intra macro block Intra-frame prediction macro block
  • the prediction error ⁇ is expressed as a difference between luminance and chrominance of 16 pixels ⁇ 16 pixels. It is up to the encoder to determine the criteria for selecting a similar square area. 'Backward prediction macroblock
  • This macroblock is subjected to backward prediction coding by referring to a future reference frame in the display order. It searches for the most similar area in the future reference frame, and has information about the prediction error ( ⁇ ), which is the difference from that area, and the spatial relative position (motion vector).
  • at least one macroblock to be embedded must be specified in the B picture. This may be defined as, for example, each macroblock (embedded region) existing from the first line to the third line of the B picture, or may be the entire macroblock in a certain frame.
  • the position sequence can be determined using an algorithm for generating the position sequence.
  • the algorithm for generating the position sequence can use, for example, the algorithm disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 8-1559330 (in-house reference number JA9-96-044).
  • 1-bit data is embedded into one macroblock based on the embedding rule in the macroblock specified as the target of the embedding processing.
  • This embedding rule uses bit information for macroblock prediction. It is associated with the type, for example, the following rules.
  • Backward prediction macroblock (represented by N) For example, consider a case where management information “1 0 1 0” is embedded. This 4-bit data is embedded in order into the four embedded areas (macroblocks) from the first to the fourth left of the first line shown in Fig. 7. First, since the first data is bit "1", the prediction type of the leftmost macroblock (first embedding area) is determined to be bidirectional prediction (B) according to the embedding rules.
  • the prediction error in this case is a prediction error that is a difference between the average of the most similar area in the past reference frame and the average of the most similar area in the future reference frame. The next data is bit "0".
  • the prediction type of the second macroblock is either forward prediction (P) or backward prediction macroblock (N).
  • P forward prediction
  • N backward prediction macroblock
  • the prediction error in forward prediction and the prediction error in backward prediction are compared, and a type having a small prediction error is selected.
  • forward prediction (P) is selected for the second macroblock because the prediction error in forward prediction is smaller than that in backward prediction.
  • a similar procedure is repeatedly applied to the third and fourth embedding areas.
  • the prediction type of the third macroblock from the left is bidirectional prediction. (B), and the prediction type of the fourth macroblock is determined as backward prediction (N) because the prediction error in backward prediction is smaller.
  • the management information “1 10 1 0” Embedded inside is an example of embedding management information in MPEG using the data hiding method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 8-27272 (house serial number JA9-96-074).
  • extracting management information first, information for specifying the macro block in which the management information is embedded must be provided.
  • the embedded information is extracted by referring to the extraction rule from the prediction type in the specified embedding area.
  • This extraction rule associates the type of macroblock prediction with bit information and must be given as information at the time of extraction.
  • the rules include, for example, the following rules. It should be noted that the correspondence between the prediction type and the bit information in this extraction rule corresponds to that of the embedding rule described above.
  • management information “1 0 1 0” is extracted from these areas.
  • the prediction type of the macroblock and the bits to be embedded are determined in association with each other. Therefore, management information can be embedded in a moving image with almost no effect on the compression efficiency of the moving image and with almost no deterioration in image quality. Furthermore, it is very difficult to remove the management information embedded in this way from a moving image. Furthermore, since the amount of information to be embedded hardly depends on the content of the image, it is possible to embed the message data efficiently.
  • management information is embedded in data by using a data hiding method or the like, which is embedded by data transformation in which the data amount does not change, and is used when data is accessed (such as when reproducing or recording).
  • control of the system to manage data access Is characterized by performing Therefore, it should be particularly noted that the present invention is not limited to the data-hiding method disclosed above, but can be applied to various methods.
  • the management information described above expresses three statuses with two bits, but the embodiment described here is a one-bit management information, and intends to give substantially three statuses to the system.
  • the system of this embodiment is characterized in that it has a controller 81 that detects the state of data being supplied to the system and controls the output of the system according to the state.
  • the data supply device 82 is for supplying data in which management information is embedded to the access system. For example, an optical system for reading data from a DVD-ROM or data on the Internet to the system. There is a circuit for taking in.
  • the management information is represented by 1-bit data, each of which indicates the following information.
  • the data supplied from the data supply unit 82 is processed by a signal processing system 83 that performs demodulation, decoding of signals, DZA conversion, and the like.
  • the management information extraction unit 84 identifies the embedding area in which the management information is embedded from the data processed by the signal processing system 83, and associates the state of the embedding area with the content of the data to be extracted.
  • the management information is extracted according to the state of the embedding area by referring to the extraction rule.
  • the management information extractor 84 A control signal is output according to the extracted information.
  • the control signal is for controlling the output device 85, and selectively superimposes the interference signal generated by the interference signal generator 86 on the output signal according to the content thereof and outputs the resultant signal.
  • the controller 81 is connected to the data supplier 82 and monitors how the data is being supplied to the access system. Then, even if the management information is bit "0", that is, the data is permitted to be copied, the switch in the output device 85 is turned on according to the result of the supply state, and the superimposed signal is output. Control output device 85 so that it is output. In other words, even though the management information itself permits data duplication, data duplication is forbidden.
  • the specific data supply state is, for example, "When data is taken into the access system via a recording medium, the capacity of the set recording medium at the time of duplication is read-only or rewritable ⁇
  • the type of recording medium is the area on the recording medium that cannot be tampered with.
  • the system can be recognized as hardware, so it can be easily distinguished.
  • the controller 81 does not forcibly control the switch when data replication is attempted while data is being supplied from a read-only recording medium. Therefore, the access system operates according to the extracted management information, and data can be copied as long as the management information permits copying. Meanwhile, the data If an attempt is made to copy data while the data is supplied from a rewritable recording medium, the controller 81 turns on the switch regardless of the content of the management information. Therefore, data cannot be copied from a rewritable recording medium.
  • the content supplier stores it in the ROM and distributes it. Therefore, the fact that the supply is in ROM format means that the data is the original, not a duplicate.
  • the data when data is supplied in RAM or R, the data can be regarded as a duplicate of the original data stored in ROM or already in this RAM or R in most cases. . Therefore, as long as the data stored in the ROM is considered to be original and that in RAM or R is considered to be a copy, by providing such a function in the system, further duplication of the copy, That is, illegal duplication can be effectively prevented.
  • the system determines whether the data is original or not based on its supply status, even if it is a 1-bit management information that can only indicate the two statuses of "permission of duplication".
  • a third status "one-time duplication allowed" can be substantially given to the system.
  • the embedded management information can be represented by one bit instead of two bits, there is no need to consider the order of bits, other than the size of the management information.
  • the management information is 2 bits, if the bit arrangement is different between "01" and "10", it is necessary to consider the order in extracting the information. Then you don't need this. Therefore, there is an effect that the extraction accuracy of the management information is significantly improved.
  • the supply status to be monitored is as follows: "When data is acquired via communication, broadcast, etc., the access system is Connected to the network? " In this case, if the data is connected to the network at the time of duplication, it can be regarded as the original data. However, at the time of duplication, if it is not connected to the network, it can be regarded as a duplicate of a copy stored outside the network (for example, R ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ M in your own system). Therefore, when duplicating via a network, duplication may be permitted provided that it is connected to the network. In addition, various methods are conceivable, including monitoring when data is available. [Industrial applicability].
  • the provider distributes the content to the general public.
  • the access system receiving the content has the function of extracting the management information embedded in the content and controlling the access to the content according to the access conditions defined by the system. Therefore, it is possible to effectively prohibit the access of the content by the recipient, especially the illegal duplication of the content by the recipient, in the recipient's system.

Abstract

Système de gestion d'accès à des données qui permet d'empêcher efficacement l'accès illégal à des données. Ledit système est doté d'un système d'enfouissement d'informations de gestion d'accès dans lequel les informations de gestion d'accès aux données sont préparées, puis sont enfouies dans les données par déformation des données sans changement de leur qualité. La présente invention concerne un procédé de gestion d'accès à des données dans lequel les informations de gestion enfouies dans les données par déformation des données, sans changement de la qualité desdites données, sont extraites et l'accès aux données est géré selon les informations extraites. La présente invention concerne également un procédé permettant de modifier l'accès à des données selon le type de support (RAM ou ROM) sur lequel les données sont stockées. Lesdites informations de gestion comprennent les informations de commande d'enregistrement, de réception, de reproduction, d'entrave de sortie, de copiage de l'historique des données ou de changement des informations de gestion. Selon le présent procédé, on peut empêcher le copiage illégal, etc., de données, ce qui permet de protéger efficacement une oeuvre littéraire.
PCT/JP1997/002822 1996-10-16 1997-08-12 Procede et systeme de gestion d'acces a des donnees WO1998016928A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL332798A PL191368B1 (pl) 1996-10-16 1997-08-12 Sposób i system zarządzania dostępem do danych
US09/269,917 US6351439B1 (en) 1996-10-16 1997-08-12 Method and system for managing access to data through data transformation
CA002265647A CA2265647C (fr) 1996-10-16 1997-08-12 Procede et systeme de gestion d'acces a des donnees par la transformation des donnees
EP19970934777 EP0942418A4 (fr) 1996-10-16 1997-08-12 Procede et systeme de gestion d'acces a des donnees
MYPI97004638A MY127838A (en) 1996-10-16 1997-10-03 Method and system for managing access to data
HK00100523A HK1021588A1 (en) 1996-10-16 2000-01-28 Method and system for managing access to data

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP8/273551 1996-10-16
JP27355196 1996-10-16
JPPCT/JP97/00957 1997-03-21
PCT/JP1997/000957 WO1998016926A1 (fr) 1996-10-16 1997-03-21 Procede d'enregistrement de donnees dans des supports d'enregistrement, procede et systeme permettant d'acceder a des donnees memorisees dans des supports d'enregistrement
PCT/JP1997/002286 WO1998016927A1 (fr) 1996-10-16 1997-06-30 Procede d'enregistrement de donnees de support sur un support d'enregistrement et procede et systeme permettant d'acceder aux donnees de support enregistrees sur ledit support
JPPCT/JP97/02286 1997-06-30

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EP1006722A2 (fr) * 1998-12-03 2000-06-07 Pioneer Corporation Procédé et appareil pour limiter la copie d'information numérique, et appareil pour enregistrer de l'information numérique
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