US2848323A - Ferritic steel for high temperature use - Google Patents
Ferritic steel for high temperature use Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2848323A US2848323A US566079A US56607956A US2848323A US 2848323 A US2848323 A US 2848323A US 566079 A US566079 A US 566079A US 56607956 A US56607956 A US 56607956A US 2848323 A US2848323 A US 2848323A
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- nitrogen
- vanadium
- molybdenum
- chromium
- aluminium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
Definitions
- This invention relates to hardenable ferritic or martensitic (i. e. non-austenitic) chromium alloy steels.
- the present invention provides means for maintaining hardenability while at the same time providing a comparatively high degree of creep strength.
- nitrogen is an exceedingly potent stabiliser of austenite at 1050 -l250 C. causing suppression of the formation of ferrite under equilibrium conditions.
- the amount of nitrogen, which may be safely introduced into such steels is only about 0.06 0.10%, the larger additions only being feasible at the higher end of the chromium range of 9-20%. Higher nitrogen additions are in excess of solubility and cause the steel to outgas vigorously on solidification, which causes unsound ingots.
- the basis of the present invention is the incorporation of specified proportions of aluminium in nitrogen-containing alloys of the kind in question.
- One of the efiects of the presence of aluminium is that it permits an increase in the percentage of nitrogen which may safely be added to the alloy. Although in most cases increased nitrogen will be desirable, in some cases it may be sufficient to employ normal amounts of nitrogen while still retaining the presence of aluminium.
- the alloys according to this invention can be free from ferrite at the hardening temperature, although containing substantial quantities of one or more of molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium and titanium and are accordingly of excellent creep resistance, that is to say, having a creep strength of at least 30 tons per square inch at 500 C., based on a creep strain of 0.1% in 100 hours.
- the invention comprises alloys within the following ranges, the percentages being by weight:
- alloys according to the present invention are as follows:
- An alloy comprising:
- An alloy comprising:
- An alloy comprising:
Description
United @tates Patent FERRITIC STEEL FOR HIGH TElVlPERATURE USE Geoffrey T. Harris, Shefiield, and Henry Cave Child, Rotherharn, England, assignors to The Birmingham Small Arms Company Limited, Birmingham, England, a British company No Drawing. Application February 17, 1956 Serial No. 566,079
Claims priority, application Great Britain February 28, 1955 12 Claims. (Cl. 75-124) This invention relates to hardenable ferritic or martensitic (i. e. non-austenitic) chromium alloy steels.
Such alloy steels have been used to a large extent in recent years for creep-resistant applications, but there is a continual demand for improved creep strength.
Examples of development in this field are to be found in British Patents Nos. 638,110, 658,115, 730,272 and 733,146. It is known that in alloys of the kind in question containing from about 9% to about 20% chromium, additions of one or more of molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, niobium or titanium are necessary if optimum creep strength is to be developed and that for most practical purposes the carbon content should preferably not exceed 0.3%. Under these conditions the alloy tends to become non-hardenable due to the additions of ferrite stabilisers which cause the alloy to have a high percentage of ferrite under equilibrium conditions at the hardening temperature (1050-1250 C.).
The present invention provides means for maintaining hardenability while at the same time providing a comparatively high degree of creep strength.
It is known that nitrogen is an exceedingly potent stabiliser of austenite at 1050 -l250 C. causing suppression of the formation of ferrite under equilibrium conditions. However, the amount of nitrogen, which may be safely introduced into such steels is only about 0.06 0.10%, the larger additions only being feasible at the higher end of the chromium range of 9-20%. Higher nitrogen additions are in excess of solubility and cause the steel to outgas vigorously on solidification, which causes unsound ingots.
The basis of the present invention is the incorporation of specified proportions of aluminium in nitrogen-containing alloys of the kind in question. One of the efiects of the presence of aluminium is that it permits an increase in the percentage of nitrogen which may safely be added to the alloy. Although in most cases increased nitrogen will be desirable, in some cases it may be sufficient to employ normal amounts of nitrogen while still retaining the presence of aluminium. The alloys according to this invention can be free from ferrite at the hardening temperature, although containing substantial quantities of one or more of molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium and titanium and are accordingly of excellent creep resistance, that is to say, having a creep strength of at least 30 tons per square inch at 500 C., based on a creep strain of 0.1% in 100 hours.
According to one feature the invention comprises alloys within the following ranges, the percentages being by weight:
Percent Carbon 0.05- 0.3 Manganese 0.1- 4
2,848,323 Q6 Patented Aug. 19, 1958 A more restricted range of alloys according to the invention comprises:
Percent Carbon .08- .25 Manganese 0.5- 1.5 Silicon 0.3- 0.7 Chromium 9- l3 Tungsten 0 l Molybdenum 0.4- 1.0 Vanadium 0.1- 0.5 Niobium and/or tantalum 0.2- 0.7 Titanium 0- 0.5 Nickel 0- 0.5 Nitrogen 0.050.15 Aluminium 0.05-0.15 Boron O0.03 Iron and impurities Balance A still more restricted range comprises:
Percent Carbon 0.08 .25 Manganese 0.5 1.5 Silicon 0.3- 0.7 Chromium 9- 13 Tungsten 0.7- 2 Molybdenum 0.7- 2 Vanadium 0- 1 Niobium and/or tantalum 0- 1 Titanium 0- 0.5 Nickel O- 1.0 Nitrogen 0.050.15 Aluminium 0.050.15 Boron 00.03 Cobalt 2 10 Copper 0- 1.0 Iron and impurities Balance Examples of alloys according to the present invention are as follows:
Further examples of alloys according to the present invention are as follows:
Carbon lv ianganesa Molybdenum. Vanadium. Niobium Balance Balunc Iron and Impurities Further examples of alloys according to the present invention are as follows:
What we claim is: 1. Alloys comprising the following ingredients within the ranges specified:
Percent Carbon 0.05-0.3 Manganese 0.1- 4 Silicon 0.1- 4 Chromium 9- 20 At least one metal of the group consisting of tungsten and molybdenum 0.5-1O At least one metal of the group consisting of niobium and tantalum, when present 2 Vanadium, when present up to 2 Titanium, when present up to2 Nitrogen 0.05-0.33 Aluminium 0.05- 2 Boron, when present up to 0.05 Nickel, when present upto 5 Cobalt, when present up to Copper, when present up to 5 Iron and impurities Balance 2. Alloys comprising the following ingredients within the ranges specified:
Iron and impurities Balance 4 3. Alloys comprising the following ingredients Within the ranges specified:
Percent Carbon 0.08-0.25 Manganese 0.5- 1.5 Silicon 0.3- 0.7 Chromium 9- 13 Tungsten 0.7- 2 Molybdenum 0.7- 2 Vanadium, when present up to 1 At least one metal of the group consisting of niobium and tantalum, when present up to 1 Titanium, when present up to 0.5 Nickel, when present up to l Nitrogen 0.05-0.15 Aluminium 0.05-0.15 Boron, when present up to 0.03 Cobalt 2- 10 Copper, when present up to 1 Iron and impurities Balance 4. An alloy comprising:
Percent Carbon 0.08 Manganese 0.8 Silicon 0.3
Chromium 11 Molybdenum 0.5 Vanadium 0.2 Niobium 0.4
Boron 0.01 Nitrogen 0.1 Aluminium 0.2 Iron and impurities Balance 5. An alloy comprising:
Percent Carbon 0.1 Manganese 0.8 Silicon 0.4 Chromium 11 Tungsten 0.2 Molybdenum 0.5 Vanadium 0.2 Niobium 0.4
Boron 0.01
Nitrogen 0.1'25 Aluminium 0.1 Nickel 0.6 Iron and impurities Balance 6. An alloy comprising:
' Percent Carbon 0.12 Manganese 0.8 Silicon 0.4. Chromium 10.5
Cobalt 2.5 Tungsten 0.7 Molybdenum 0.7 Vanadium 0.7 Niobium 0.4 Boron 0.01 Nitrogen 0.1 Aluminium 0.05 Iron and impurities Balance 7. An alloy comprising:
Percent Carbon 0112 Manganese 0.8 Silicon 0.4 Chromium 10,5 Cobalt 2.5 Tungsten 0.7 Molybdenum 0.7 Vanadium 0.7
, Percent Niobium 0.4 Boron 0.01 Nitrogen 0.1 Aluminium 0.1 Iron and impurities Balance 8. An alloy comprising:
Percent Carbon 0.12 Manganese 1.2 Silicon 0.35 Chromium 10.5 Cobalt 2.5 Tungsten 0.8 Molybdenum 0.8 Vanadium 0.5 Niobium 0.45 Boron 0.01 Nitrogen 0.08 Aluminium 0.1 Nickel 0.6 Iron and impurities Balance 9. An alloy comprising:
Percent Carbon 0.12 Manganese 1.3 Silicon 0.3 Chromium 10.5 Cobalt 5 Tungsten 1 Molybdenum 1 Vanadium 0.45 Niobium 0.45 Boron 0.01 Nitrogen 0.15 Aluminium 0.5 Iron and impurities Balance 10. An alloy comprising:
Percent Carbon 0.12 Manganese 1.3 Silicon 0.3 Chromium 10.5 Cobalt 5 Tungsten 1 Molybdenum 1 Percent Vanadium 0.45 Niobium 0.45 Boron 0.02 Nitrogen 0.065 Aluminium 0.05 Nickel 0.8 Iron and impurities Balance 11. An alloy comprising:
Percent Carbon 0.12 Manganese 1.3 Silicon v 0.3 Chromium 10.5 Cobalt 2.2 Tungsten 1 Molybdenum 1 Vanadium 0.45 Niobium 0.45 Boron 0.02 Nitrogen 0.065 Aluminium 0.05 Nickel 1.7 Iron and impurities Balance 12. An 'alloy comprising:
Percent Carbon 0.07 Manganese 1.3 Silicon 0.3 Chromium 10.5 Cobalt 10 Tungsten 1 Molybdenum 1 Vanadium 0.45 Niobium 0.45 Nitrogen 0.065 Aluminium 0.05 Iron and impurities Balance References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,736,649 Phillips Feb. 28, 1956 2,737,455 Kirkby Mar. 6, 1956 FOREIGN PATENTS 970,873 France Jan. 10, 1951
Claims (1)
1. ALLOYS COMPRISING THE FOLLOWING INGREDIENTS WITHIN THE RANGES SPECIFIED:
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB2848323X | 1955-02-28 |
Publications (1)
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US2848323A true US2848323A (en) | 1958-08-19 |
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US566079A Expired - Lifetime US2848323A (en) | 1955-02-28 | 1956-02-17 | Ferritic steel for high temperature use |
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Cited By (44)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2986463A (en) * | 1960-03-29 | 1961-05-30 | Crucible Steel Co America | High strength heat resistant alloy steel |
US3069257A (en) * | 1960-06-02 | 1962-12-18 | Armco Steel Corp | Alloy steel and method |
US3154412A (en) * | 1961-10-05 | 1964-10-27 | Crucible Steel Co America | Heat-resistant high-strength stainless steel |
US3180726A (en) * | 1960-03-31 | 1965-04-27 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind | Method for producing nitride-bearing low-carbon ductile steel |
DE1242378B (en) * | 1962-01-16 | 1967-06-15 | Allegheny Ludlum Steel | Annealing hardenable martensitic stainless steel alloy and method of making the same |
US3364013A (en) * | 1967-02-06 | 1968-01-16 | Carpenter Steel Co | Stainless steel alloy |
US3377162A (en) * | 1964-09-10 | 1968-04-09 | Rand Mines Ltd | Stainless steel |
US3455681A (en) * | 1965-09-27 | 1969-07-15 | Crucible Steel Co America | Stainless steel |
US3469972A (en) * | 1966-01-04 | 1969-09-30 | Sandvikens Jernverks Ab | Razor blades and similar thin elongated sharp-edged blades made of a chromium steel |
US3485620A (en) * | 1966-09-07 | 1969-12-23 | Int Nickel Co | Ultra hard cobalt-molybdenum-iron alloys |
US3535095A (en) * | 1966-04-15 | 1970-10-20 | Ryohei Niwa | Ferrous alloy containing aluminum chromium and manganese having an embedded core |
US3622307A (en) * | 1968-05-15 | 1971-11-23 | Armco Steel Corp | Precipitation-hardenable chromium-nickel stainless steel |
US3650731A (en) * | 1969-01-31 | 1972-03-21 | Allegheny Ludlum Steel | Ferritic stainless steel |
US3658513A (en) * | 1969-03-06 | 1972-04-25 | Armco Steel Corp | Precipitation-hardenable stainless steel |
US3700851A (en) * | 1967-12-21 | 1972-10-24 | Avesta Jernverks Ab | Welding electrode |
US3839021A (en) * | 1971-07-20 | 1974-10-01 | Mitsubishi Steel Mfg | Heat-resisting steel |
US3850703A (en) * | 1971-07-14 | 1974-11-26 | Allegheny Ludlum Ind Inc | Stainless steel of improved ductility |
US3855015A (en) * | 1969-11-04 | 1974-12-17 | Hitachi Ltd | Work roll for hot rolling |
US3859080A (en) * | 1971-01-04 | 1975-01-07 | Us Interior | Corrosion resistant alloys |
US3888659A (en) * | 1968-05-29 | 1975-06-10 | Allegheny Ludlum Ind Inc | Free machining austenitic stainless steel |
US3928088A (en) * | 1973-11-09 | 1975-12-23 | Carpenter Technology Corp | Ferritic stainless steel |
US3942954A (en) * | 1970-01-05 | 1976-03-09 | Deutsche Edelstahlwerke Aktiengesellschaft | Sintering steel-bonded carbide hard alloy |
US4049431A (en) * | 1976-09-30 | 1977-09-20 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration | High strength ferritic alloy |
US4160066A (en) * | 1977-10-11 | 1979-07-03 | Teledyne Industries, Inc. | Age-hardenable weld deposit |
US4218243A (en) * | 1972-09-20 | 1980-08-19 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Fully martensitic steel for a metal mold for molding glass and the metal mold |
EP0020793A1 (en) * | 1979-06-08 | 1981-01-07 | Henrik Giflo | High-strength stainless steel, well suited for polishing and resistant to acids |
US4261739A (en) * | 1979-08-06 | 1981-04-14 | Armco Inc. | Ferritic steel alloy with improved high temperature properties |
US4263044A (en) * | 1978-06-02 | 1981-04-21 | Inoue-Japax Research Incorporated | Iron/chromium/cobalt-base spinodal decomposition-type magnetic alloy |
US4294613A (en) * | 1979-07-03 | 1981-10-13 | Henrik Giflo | Acid resistant, high-strength steel suitable for polishing |
EP0073021A1 (en) * | 1981-08-26 | 1983-03-02 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Martensitic heat-resistant steel |
EP0083254A2 (en) * | 1981-12-25 | 1983-07-06 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Heat resisting steel |
US4450006A (en) * | 1980-10-22 | 1984-05-22 | Norioki Uyehara | Martensitic stainless steel |
US4465525A (en) * | 1980-03-01 | 1984-08-14 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Ferritic stainless steel having excellent formability |
EP0188995A1 (en) * | 1984-10-17 | 1986-07-30 | Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | High chromium cast steel for high-temperature pressure container and method for the thermal treatment thereof |
EP0496350A1 (en) * | 1991-01-24 | 1992-07-29 | ARMCO Inc. | Martensitic stainless steel |
US5254307A (en) * | 1991-04-30 | 1993-10-19 | Nippon Steel Corporation | High-nitrogen ferritic heat-resisting steel with high niobium content and method of production thereof |
US5310431A (en) * | 1992-10-07 | 1994-05-10 | Robert F. Buck | Creep resistant, precipitation-dispersion-strengthened, martensitic stainless steel and method thereof |
US5575972A (en) * | 1994-02-15 | 1996-11-19 | Mitsubishi Materials Corporation | FE-CR alloy and nozzle for diesel engines |
US5591391A (en) * | 1994-09-20 | 1997-01-07 | Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. | High chromium ferritic heat-resistant steel |
EP1152164A3 (en) * | 2000-03-24 | 2003-03-12 | Edelstahlwerke Buderus Ag | Brake disc for motor vehicles, steel alloy and method for manufacturing said disc |
US20040154706A1 (en) * | 2003-02-07 | 2004-08-12 | Buck Robert F. | Fine-grained martensitic stainless steel and method thereof |
US20040154707A1 (en) * | 2003-02-07 | 2004-08-12 | Buck Robert F. | Fine-grained martensitic stainless steel and method thereof |
US20060130938A1 (en) * | 2002-10-04 | 2006-06-22 | Firth Ag | Ferritic steel alloy |
CN103534458A (en) * | 2011-06-07 | 2014-01-22 | 博格华纳公司 | Turbocharger and component therefor |
Citations (3)
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---|---|---|---|---|
FR970873A (en) * | 1948-08-27 | 1951-01-10 | Bohler & Cie Ag Geb | Improvements to steels and heat-resistant welds |
US2736649A (en) * | 1953-12-04 | 1956-02-28 | United States Steel Corp | Ferritic stainless steel |
US2737455A (en) * | 1953-04-01 | 1956-03-06 | Thos Firth & John Brown Ltd | Ferritic creep-resisting steels |
-
1956
- 1956-02-17 US US566079A patent/US2848323A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR970873A (en) * | 1948-08-27 | 1951-01-10 | Bohler & Cie Ag Geb | Improvements to steels and heat-resistant welds |
US2737455A (en) * | 1953-04-01 | 1956-03-06 | Thos Firth & John Brown Ltd | Ferritic creep-resisting steels |
US2736649A (en) * | 1953-12-04 | 1956-02-28 | United States Steel Corp | Ferritic stainless steel |
Cited By (52)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2986463A (en) * | 1960-03-29 | 1961-05-30 | Crucible Steel Co America | High strength heat resistant alloy steel |
US3180726A (en) * | 1960-03-31 | 1965-04-27 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind | Method for producing nitride-bearing low-carbon ductile steel |
US3069257A (en) * | 1960-06-02 | 1962-12-18 | Armco Steel Corp | Alloy steel and method |
US3154412A (en) * | 1961-10-05 | 1964-10-27 | Crucible Steel Co America | Heat-resistant high-strength stainless steel |
DE1231018B (en) * | 1961-10-05 | 1966-12-22 | Crucible Steel Internat S A | Use of a heat-resistant, stainless steel alloy |
DE1242378B (en) * | 1962-01-16 | 1967-06-15 | Allegheny Ludlum Steel | Annealing hardenable martensitic stainless steel alloy and method of making the same |
US3377162A (en) * | 1964-09-10 | 1968-04-09 | Rand Mines Ltd | Stainless steel |
US3455681A (en) * | 1965-09-27 | 1969-07-15 | Crucible Steel Co America | Stainless steel |
US3469972A (en) * | 1966-01-04 | 1969-09-30 | Sandvikens Jernverks Ab | Razor blades and similar thin elongated sharp-edged blades made of a chromium steel |
US3535095A (en) * | 1966-04-15 | 1970-10-20 | Ryohei Niwa | Ferrous alloy containing aluminum chromium and manganese having an embedded core |
US3485620A (en) * | 1966-09-07 | 1969-12-23 | Int Nickel Co | Ultra hard cobalt-molybdenum-iron alloys |
US3364013A (en) * | 1967-02-06 | 1968-01-16 | Carpenter Steel Co | Stainless steel alloy |
US3700851A (en) * | 1967-12-21 | 1972-10-24 | Avesta Jernverks Ab | Welding electrode |
US3622307A (en) * | 1968-05-15 | 1971-11-23 | Armco Steel Corp | Precipitation-hardenable chromium-nickel stainless steel |
US3888659A (en) * | 1968-05-29 | 1975-06-10 | Allegheny Ludlum Ind Inc | Free machining austenitic stainless steel |
US3650731A (en) * | 1969-01-31 | 1972-03-21 | Allegheny Ludlum Steel | Ferritic stainless steel |
US3658513A (en) * | 1969-03-06 | 1972-04-25 | Armco Steel Corp | Precipitation-hardenable stainless steel |
US3855015A (en) * | 1969-11-04 | 1974-12-17 | Hitachi Ltd | Work roll for hot rolling |
US3942954A (en) * | 1970-01-05 | 1976-03-09 | Deutsche Edelstahlwerke Aktiengesellschaft | Sintering steel-bonded carbide hard alloy |
US3859080A (en) * | 1971-01-04 | 1975-01-07 | Us Interior | Corrosion resistant alloys |
US3850703A (en) * | 1971-07-14 | 1974-11-26 | Allegheny Ludlum Ind Inc | Stainless steel of improved ductility |
US3839021A (en) * | 1971-07-20 | 1974-10-01 | Mitsubishi Steel Mfg | Heat-resisting steel |
US4218243A (en) * | 1972-09-20 | 1980-08-19 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Fully martensitic steel for a metal mold for molding glass and the metal mold |
US3928088A (en) * | 1973-11-09 | 1975-12-23 | Carpenter Technology Corp | Ferritic stainless steel |
FR2366373A1 (en) * | 1976-09-30 | 1978-04-28 | Us Energy | HIGH STRENGTH FERRITIC ALLOY |
US4049431A (en) * | 1976-09-30 | 1977-09-20 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration | High strength ferritic alloy |
DE2744105A1 (en) * | 1976-09-30 | 1978-04-06 | Us Energy | FERRITE ALLOY WITH HIGH STRENGTH |
US4160066A (en) * | 1977-10-11 | 1979-07-03 | Teledyne Industries, Inc. | Age-hardenable weld deposit |
US4263044A (en) * | 1978-06-02 | 1981-04-21 | Inoue-Japax Research Incorporated | Iron/chromium/cobalt-base spinodal decomposition-type magnetic alloy |
EP0020793A1 (en) * | 1979-06-08 | 1981-01-07 | Henrik Giflo | High-strength stainless steel, well suited for polishing and resistant to acids |
US4294613A (en) * | 1979-07-03 | 1981-10-13 | Henrik Giflo | Acid resistant, high-strength steel suitable for polishing |
US4261739A (en) * | 1979-08-06 | 1981-04-14 | Armco Inc. | Ferritic steel alloy with improved high temperature properties |
US4465525A (en) * | 1980-03-01 | 1984-08-14 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Ferritic stainless steel having excellent formability |
US4450006A (en) * | 1980-10-22 | 1984-05-22 | Norioki Uyehara | Martensitic stainless steel |
EP0073021A1 (en) * | 1981-08-26 | 1983-03-02 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Martensitic heat-resistant steel |
US4477280A (en) * | 1981-12-25 | 1984-10-16 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Heat resisting steel |
EP0083254A3 (en) * | 1981-12-25 | 1984-03-07 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Heat resisting steel |
EP0083254A2 (en) * | 1981-12-25 | 1983-07-06 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Heat resisting steel |
EP0188995A1 (en) * | 1984-10-17 | 1986-07-30 | Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | High chromium cast steel for high-temperature pressure container and method for the thermal treatment thereof |
EP0496350A1 (en) * | 1991-01-24 | 1992-07-29 | ARMCO Inc. | Martensitic stainless steel |
US5254307A (en) * | 1991-04-30 | 1993-10-19 | Nippon Steel Corporation | High-nitrogen ferritic heat-resisting steel with high niobium content and method of production thereof |
US5310431A (en) * | 1992-10-07 | 1994-05-10 | Robert F. Buck | Creep resistant, precipitation-dispersion-strengthened, martensitic stainless steel and method thereof |
US5575972A (en) * | 1994-02-15 | 1996-11-19 | Mitsubishi Materials Corporation | FE-CR alloy and nozzle for diesel engines |
US5591391A (en) * | 1994-09-20 | 1997-01-07 | Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. | High chromium ferritic heat-resistant steel |
EP1152164A3 (en) * | 2000-03-24 | 2003-03-12 | Edelstahlwerke Buderus Ag | Brake disc for motor vehicles, steel alloy and method for manufacturing said disc |
US20060130938A1 (en) * | 2002-10-04 | 2006-06-22 | Firth Ag | Ferritic steel alloy |
US20040154706A1 (en) * | 2003-02-07 | 2004-08-12 | Buck Robert F. | Fine-grained martensitic stainless steel and method thereof |
US20040154707A1 (en) * | 2003-02-07 | 2004-08-12 | Buck Robert F. | Fine-grained martensitic stainless steel and method thereof |
US6890393B2 (en) | 2003-02-07 | 2005-05-10 | Advanced Steel Technology, Llc | Fine-grained martensitic stainless steel and method thereof |
US6899773B2 (en) | 2003-02-07 | 2005-05-31 | Advanced Steel Technology, Llc | Fine-grained martensitic stainless steel and method thereof |
CN103534458A (en) * | 2011-06-07 | 2014-01-22 | 博格华纳公司 | Turbocharger and component therefor |
US20140086755A1 (en) * | 2011-06-07 | 2014-03-27 | Borgwarner Inc. | Turbocharger and component therefor |
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