US2880085A - Ferritic alloy steels for use at elevated temperatures - Google Patents

Ferritic alloy steels for use at elevated temperatures Download PDF

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Publication number
US2880085A
US2880085A US645004A US64500457A US2880085A US 2880085 A US2880085 A US 2880085A US 645004 A US645004 A US 645004A US 64500457 A US64500457 A US 64500457A US 2880085 A US2880085 A US 2880085A
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tungsten
ferritic alloy
elevated temperatures
alloy steels
niobium
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US645004A
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Kirkby Henry William
Sykes Charles
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Firth Vickers Stainless Steels Ltd
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Firth Vickers Stainless Steels Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten

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  • This invention relates to improvements relating to ferritic alloy steels for use at elevated temperatures.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a forgeable ferritic alloy steel possessing improved creep resistance at temperatures up to 700 C. 1
  • British specification No. 658,115 (hereinafter referred to as the earlier specification) describes a forgeable ferritic alloy steel having a composition characterised by the absence of nickel above a proportion of 1.5% and by the presence as essential constituents of 0.05-0.5% carbon, 4-20% chromium, 0.5-3% molybdenum and/or tungsten, 0.22.5% niobium, 0.05-0.25% nitrogen, 0.003- 0.5% boron and 0.1-2% vanadium.
  • the alloy may also contain silicon up to 3% manganese up to 4% and cobalt up to
  • the preferred proportions of the various constituents, as described in the earlier specification are:
  • Percent Alloy steels of the above composition possess stressto-rupture properties of the following order:
  • the alloys of this invention comprise as essential constituents 0.03 to 0.30% carbon, 4% to 20% chromium, over 3 and up to 16% tungsten, 0.1 to 2.0% vanadium, and 0.05 to 2.5% niobium interchangeable wholly or in part by tantalum.
  • the alloys may also contain up to 2.0% silicon, up to 4% manganese, up to 1.5% nickel, up to 0.25% nitrogen, up to 0.5% boron and up to 20% cobalt.
  • the alloys A, B, C contain respectively 4%, 6% and 8% of tungsten, and it will be noted that, with the particular alloys concerned, the rupture strength is approximately a function of the tungsten content.
  • the creepresistance of an alloy steel depends to some extent on the heat treatment to which it has been subjected.
  • suitable heat treatment as used above is intended to convey that the temperature, the rate of heating and cooling, and the duration of the treatment are such that optimum properties are developed for the particular composition.
  • An example of heat treatment suitable in some cases is to harden in air or oil from about 1160 C. followed by a tampering treatment at 675 C.
  • a forgeable ferritic alloy steel comprising 0.03 to 0.30% carbon, 4 to 20% chromium, over 3 and up to 16% tungsten, 0.1 to 2.0% vanadium, and 0.05 to 2.5% of at least one element from the group consisting of niobium and tantalum, and the balance iron with incidental impurities in ordinary amounts.
  • a forgeable ferritic alloy steel comprising, 0.03 to 0.30% carbon, 4 to 20% chromium, over 3 and up to 16% tungsten, 0.1 to 2.0% vanadium, up to 2% of silicon, up to 4% of manganese, up to 1.5% of nickel, up to 0.25 nitrogen, up to 0.5% of boron, up to 20% of cobalt, 0.05 to 2.5% of at least one element from the group consisting of niobium and tantalum, and the balance iron with incidental impurities in ordinary amounts.
  • a foregable ferritic alloy steel comprising, 003 to 0.20% carbon, 0.3 to 1.5% silicon, 0.5 to 1.5% manganese, 0.1 to 1.0% nickel, 9 to 16% chromium, over 3 and up to 10% tungsten, 0.1 to 0.7% vanadium, 5 to 15% cobalt, up to 0.10% nitrogen, up to 0.10% boron and 0.05 to 1.0% of at least one element from the group consisting of niobium and tantalum, and the balance iron with incidental impurities in ordinary amounts.
  • a forgeable ferritic alloy steel comprising, 0.03 to 0.30% carbon, 4 to 20% chromium, over 3 and up to 16% tungsten, 0.1 to 2.0% vanadium, up to 2.0% of silicon, up to 4.0% manganese, up to 1.5% of nick l,
  • a forgeable ferritic alloy steel article characterized by a rupture strength, expressed as stress for 100 hours at 650 C. of the order of 20 to 28 tons per square inch and having a composition consisting essentially of nickel up to about 1.5%, of 0.03 to 0.30% carbon, 4 to 20% chromium, 4 to 8% tungsten, 0.1 to 2.0% vanadium and 0.05 to 2.5% of at least one element selected from the group consisting of niobium and tantalum, and the balance iron with incidental impurities in ordinary amounts.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)

Description

FERRITIC .ALLOY .STEELSEEOR USE-NI ELEVATED TEMPERATURES Henry'William Kirkby and "Charles sykes, sh arer-(man land, assignors toFirth-VickersStai'lilss SteelsIiimited,
Sheffield,EnglandyaBritish company No Drawing. Application March 11, 1957 Serial No. 645,004
Claims priority, application Great Britain March 29, 1956 Claims. (Cl. 75126) This invention relates to improvements relating to ferritic alloy steels for use at elevated temperatures.
An object of the invention is to provide a forgeable ferritic alloy steel possessing improved creep resistance at temperatures up to 700 C. 1
British specification No. 658,115 (hereinafter referred to as the earlier specification) describes a forgeable ferritic alloy steel having a composition characterised by the absence of nickel above a proportion of 1.5% and by the presence as essential constituents of 0.05-0.5% carbon, 4-20% chromium, 0.5-3% molybdenum and/or tungsten, 0.22.5% niobium, 0.05-0.25% nitrogen, 0.003- 0.5% boron and 0.1-2% vanadium. The alloy may also contain silicon up to 3% manganese up to 4% and cobalt up to The preferred proportions of the various constituents, as described in the earlier specification are:
Percent Alloy steels of the above composition possess stressto-rupture properties of the following order:
At 650 C.: Rupture strength (hrs.) tons/sq. in. 463 17 tons/sq. in. 30
It has now been found that with certain modification in the composition described in the earlier specification substantially higher rupture strength at 650 C. can be obtained. It will be noted that in the earlier composition the maximum range of the tungsten content was 0.5 to 3.0%. According to the principal modification of the present invention an increased amount of tungsten is incorporated, the new range being over 3% and up to 16%.
The alloys of this invention comprise as essential constituents 0.03 to 0.30% carbon, 4% to 20% chromium, over 3 and up to 16% tungsten, 0.1 to 2.0% vanadium, and 0.05 to 2.5% niobium interchangeable wholly or in part by tantalum. The alloys may also contain up to 2.0% silicon, up to 4% manganese, up to 1.5% nickel, up to 0.25% nitrogen, up to 0.5% boron and up to 20% cobalt.
2,880,085 Patented Mar. 31 1959 The preferred proportions of the variousconstituents are as follows:
7 Percent Carbon 4--.... 0103 :to 0.20 '-'Silico'n a 0.3 to 1.5 Manganese -05 to" 1.5 -t0 Chromium 9:0 to 16.0 Tungsten Over 3.0 -up *to 10.0 Vanadium 0.1 to 0.7 Niobium (interchangeable with tantalum) 0.05 to 1.0 Nitrogen Up to 0.10 Boron Up to 0.10 Cobalt 5.0 to 15.0 Iron Remainder Alloy A, Alloy B, Alloy 0, Earlier Specification tons/sq. tons/sq. tons/sq.
in. in. in.
163-1615 tons/sq. in. approx n 20 i 25 I 28 The alloys A, B, C contain respectively 4%, 6% and 8% of tungsten, and it will be noted that, with the particular alloys concerned, the rupture strength is approximately a function of the tungsten content.
As is known, the creepresistance of an alloy steel depends to some extent on the heat treatment to which it has been subjected. The term suitable heat treatment" as used above is intended to convey that the temperature, the rate of heating and cooling, and the duration of the treatment are such that optimum properties are developed for the particular composition. An example of heat treatment suitable in some cases is to harden in air or oil from about 1160 C. followed by a tampering treatment at 675 C.
We claim:
1. A forgeable ferritic alloy steel comprising 0.03 to 0.30% carbon, 4 to 20% chromium, over 3 and up to 16% tungsten, 0.1 to 2.0% vanadium, and 0.05 to 2.5% of at least one element from the group consisting of niobium and tantalum, and the balance iron with incidental impurities in ordinary amounts.
2. A forgeable ferritic alloy steel comprising, 0.03 to 0.30% carbon, 4 to 20% chromium, over 3 and up to 16% tungsten, 0.1 to 2.0% vanadium, up to 2% of silicon, up to 4% of manganese, up to 1.5% of nickel, up to 0.25 nitrogen, up to 0.5% of boron, up to 20% of cobalt, 0.05 to 2.5% of at least one element from the group consisting of niobium and tantalum, and the balance iron with incidental impurities in ordinary amounts.
3. A foregable ferritic alloy steel comprising, 003 to 0.20% carbon, 0.3 to 1.5% silicon, 0.5 to 1.5% manganese, 0.1 to 1.0% nickel, 9 to 16% chromium, over 3 and up to 10% tungsten, 0.1 to 0.7% vanadium, 5 to 15% cobalt, up to 0.10% nitrogen, up to 0.10% boron and 0.05 to 1.0% of at least one element from the group consisting of niobium and tantalum, and the balance iron with incidental impurities in ordinary amounts.
4. A forgeable ferritic alloy steel comprising, 0.03 to 0.30% carbon, 4 to 20% chromium, over 3 and up to 16% tungsten, 0.1 to 2.0% vanadium, up to 2.0% of silicon, up to 4.0% manganese, up to 1.5% of nick l,
.. 3 up to 0.25% of nitrogen, up to 0.5% of boron, up to 20% of cobalt, up to 3% of molybdenum, and 0.05 to 2.5% of at least one element from the group consisting of niobium and tantalum, and the balance iron with incidental impurities in ordinary amounts.
5. A forgeable ferritic alloy steel article characterized by a rupture strength, expressed as stress for 100 hours at 650 C. of the order of 20 to 28 tons per square inch and having a composition consisting essentially of nickel up to about 1.5%, of 0.03 to 0.30% carbon, 4 to 20% chromium, 4 to 8% tungsten, 0.1 to 2.0% vanadium and 0.05 to 2.5% of at least one element selected from the group consisting of niobium and tantalum, and the balance iron with incidental impurities in ordinary amounts.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,253,385 Mahin Aug. 19, 1941 2,432,614 Franks et a1 Dec. 16, 1947 2,462,665 Olcott Feb. 22, 1949 2,542,220 Urban et a1 Feb. 20, 1951 2,590,835 Kirkby et a1. Apr. 1, 1952

Claims (1)

1. A FORGEABLE FERRITIC ALLOY STEEL COMPRISING 0.03 TO 0.30% CARBON, 4 TO 20% CHROMIUM, OVER 3 AND UP TO 16% TUNGSTEN, 0.1 TO 0.0% VANADIUM AND 0.05 TO 2.5% OF AT LEAST ONE ELEMENT FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF NIOBIUM AND TANTALUM, AND THE BALANCE IRON WITH INCIDENTAL IMPURITIES IN ORDINARY AMOUNTS.
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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2967103A (en) * 1958-12-11 1961-01-03 James F Baldwin Alloys for high-temperature service
US3154412A (en) * 1961-10-05 1964-10-27 Crucible Steel Co America Heat-resistant high-strength stainless steel
US3364013A (en) * 1967-02-06 1968-01-16 Carpenter Steel Co Stainless steel alloy
US3533780A (en) * 1966-02-10 1970-10-13 Sumitomo Metal Ind High-strength austenitic stainless steel for a boiler
US3607238A (en) * 1967-06-29 1971-09-21 English Steel Corp Ltd Heat-resistant to low chromium-nickel alloy steel for large forgings
US3663208A (en) * 1968-06-20 1972-05-16 Firth Brown Ltd A chromium-nickel alloy steel containing copper
US3770425A (en) * 1971-07-15 1973-11-06 A Belenky Welding electrode for continuous welding
US4477280A (en) * 1981-12-25 1984-10-16 Hitachi, Ltd. Heat resisting steel
EP0159119A1 (en) * 1984-02-29 1985-10-23 KABUSHIKI KAISHA KOBE SEIKO SHO also known as Kobe Steel Ltd. Low alloy steels for use in pressure vessels
EP0449611A1 (en) * 1990-03-27 1991-10-02 Hitachi Metals, Ltd. Heat resistant steel
US5158745A (en) * 1990-02-19 1992-10-27 Nippon Steel Corporation High-nitrogen ferritic heat-resisting steel
US5204056A (en) * 1990-02-19 1993-04-20 Nippon Steel Corporation Method of production of high-nitrogen ferritic heat-resisting steel
EP0626463A1 (en) * 1993-05-28 1994-11-30 ABB Management AG Heat- and creepresisting steel with martensitic structure, obtained by a thermal treatment process

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2253385A (en) * 1941-01-29 1941-08-19 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Steel
US2432614A (en) * 1945-06-13 1947-12-16 Haynes Stellite Co Ferrous alloys for high temperature service
US2462665A (en) * 1946-04-11 1949-02-22 Gen Electric Alloy
US2542220A (en) * 1948-10-05 1951-02-20 Nat Lead Co Ferritic alloy
US2590835A (en) * 1948-12-16 1952-04-01 Firth Vickers Stainless Steels Ltd Alloy steels

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2253385A (en) * 1941-01-29 1941-08-19 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Steel
US2432614A (en) * 1945-06-13 1947-12-16 Haynes Stellite Co Ferrous alloys for high temperature service
US2462665A (en) * 1946-04-11 1949-02-22 Gen Electric Alloy
US2542220A (en) * 1948-10-05 1951-02-20 Nat Lead Co Ferritic alloy
US2590835A (en) * 1948-12-16 1952-04-01 Firth Vickers Stainless Steels Ltd Alloy steels

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2967103A (en) * 1958-12-11 1961-01-03 James F Baldwin Alloys for high-temperature service
US3154412A (en) * 1961-10-05 1964-10-27 Crucible Steel Co America Heat-resistant high-strength stainless steel
US3533780A (en) * 1966-02-10 1970-10-13 Sumitomo Metal Ind High-strength austenitic stainless steel for a boiler
US3364013A (en) * 1967-02-06 1968-01-16 Carpenter Steel Co Stainless steel alloy
US3607238A (en) * 1967-06-29 1971-09-21 English Steel Corp Ltd Heat-resistant to low chromium-nickel alloy steel for large forgings
US3663208A (en) * 1968-06-20 1972-05-16 Firth Brown Ltd A chromium-nickel alloy steel containing copper
US3770425A (en) * 1971-07-15 1973-11-06 A Belenky Welding electrode for continuous welding
US4477280A (en) * 1981-12-25 1984-10-16 Hitachi, Ltd. Heat resisting steel
EP0159119A1 (en) * 1984-02-29 1985-10-23 KABUSHIKI KAISHA KOBE SEIKO SHO also known as Kobe Steel Ltd. Low alloy steels for use in pressure vessels
US5158745A (en) * 1990-02-19 1992-10-27 Nippon Steel Corporation High-nitrogen ferritic heat-resisting steel
US5204056A (en) * 1990-02-19 1993-04-20 Nippon Steel Corporation Method of production of high-nitrogen ferritic heat-resisting steel
EP0449611A1 (en) * 1990-03-27 1991-10-02 Hitachi Metals, Ltd. Heat resistant steel
US5152850A (en) * 1990-03-27 1992-10-06 Hitachi Metals, Ltd. Heat-resistant, ferritic cast steel and exhaust equipment member made thereof
EP0626463A1 (en) * 1993-05-28 1994-11-30 ABB Management AG Heat- and creepresisting steel with martensitic structure, obtained by a thermal treatment process
US5415706A (en) * 1993-05-28 1995-05-16 Abb Management Ag Heat- and creep-resistant steel having a martensitic microstructure produced by a heat-treatment process

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