NO328254B1 - Universal power supply system - Google Patents
Universal power supply system Download PDFInfo
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- NO328254B1 NO328254B1 NO20041129A NO20041129A NO328254B1 NO 328254 B1 NO328254 B1 NO 328254B1 NO 20041129 A NO20041129 A NO 20041129A NO 20041129 A NO20041129 A NO 20041129A NO 328254 B1 NO328254 B1 NO 328254B1
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- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
- H02M3/1584—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/145—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
- H02M7/155—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
- Rectifiers (AREA)
- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
- Ac-Ac Conversion (AREA)
- Direct Current Feeding And Distribution (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
- Laying Of Electric Cables Or Lines Outside (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører et universelt kraftforsyningssystem for minst én elektrisk forbruker. Kraftforsyningssystemet omfatter minst én vekselspenningskilde og en kabelforbindelse som forbinder vekselspenningskilden med den elektriske forbruker. Vekselspenningskilden er tilknyttet en vekselspennings/ likespennings-omformer for å omforme vekselspenningen til en likespenning. Likespenningen som genereres på denne måten, er innrettet for å blii overført til den elektriske forbruker via kabelforbindelsen. The present invention relates to a universal power supply system for at least one electrical consumer. The power supply system comprises at least one alternating voltage source and a cable connection connecting the alternating voltage source to the electrical consumer. The AC voltage source is connected to an AC/DC converter to transform the AC voltage into a DC voltage. The direct voltage generated in this way is arranged to be transferred to the electrical consumer via the cable connection.
I tilfelle med elektriske forbrukere som behøver en høy spenning og høy effekt, viste det seg at bruken av et slikt universelt kraftforsyningssystem medfører vanskeligheter med hensyn til genereringen og stabiliseringen av spenningen. Hvis vekselspennings/likespennings-omformeren i tillegg svikter, er en forsyning til den elektriske forbruker ikke lenger mulig siden en redundans med hensyn til omformeren vanligvis blir sløyfet av kostnadshensyn. In the case of electrical consumers requiring a high voltage and high power, it was found that the use of such a universal power supply system entails difficulties with regard to the generation and stabilization of the voltage. If the AC/DC converter also fails, a supply to the electrical consumer is no longer possible since a redundancy with regard to the converter is usually omitted for cost reasons.
Når vekselspenningen videre blir omformet til likespenning ved hjelp av en slik vekselspennings/likespennings-omformer, vil generering av en betydelig var-memengde innenfor forholdsvis trange grenser måtte tas hensyn til når det gjelder tap i omformeren. Denne varmen må spres for å hindre at det forårsakes skader på omformeren eller andre komponenter i kraftforsyningssystemet som befinner seg i nærheten av omformeren. Varmen kan f.eks. spres ved hjelp av aktive kjøle-systemer, men dette vil medføre ytterligere konstruksjonskomponenter og kost-nader. When the alternating voltage is further transformed into direct voltage by means of such an alternating voltage/direct voltage converter, the generation of a significant amount of heat within relatively narrow limits will have to be taken into account when it comes to losses in the converter. This heat must be dissipated to prevent damage to the inverter or other components of the power supply system located near the inverter. The heat can e.g. is spread using active cooling systems, but this will entail additional construction components and costs.
Fra WO A1 97/38479 er det kjent et energiforsyningssystem omfattende minst en forbruke, omfattende minst en vekselspenningskilde, en vekselspenning/likespenningsomformer koplet mellom vekselspenningskilden og den minst ene forbruker, der vekselspennings/likespenningsomformeren er innrettet for å omforme vekselspenning til likespenning og der likespenningen så blir levert den elektriske forbruker. Vekselspennings/likespenningsomformeren om fatter flere vekselspennings/likespenningsomformerenheter som er koplet i parallell på primærsiden og serielt til den elektriske forbruker på sekundærsiden. From WO A1 97/38479 it is known an energy supply system comprising at least one consumer, comprising at least one AC voltage source, an AC/DC voltage converter connected between the AC voltage source and the at least one consumer, where the AC/DC voltage converter is arranged to convert AC voltage into DC voltage and where the DC voltage then is delivered to the electrical consumer. The AC/DC converter comprises several AC/DC converter units which are connected in parallel on the primary side and in series to the electrical consumer on the secondary side.
Fra patentskriftet US 4,788,488 er det kjent et system for effektoverføring av likestrøm ved induktive koplinger og fra US 5,105,351 er det kjent en effektfor-syningskilde for røntgenrør med flere frekvensomformere. From patent document US 4,788,488 a system for power transmission of direct current by inductive couplings is known and from US 5,105,351 a power supply source for X-ray tubes with several frequency converters is known.
Det er derfor formålet med foreliggende oppfinnelse å forbedre et universelt kraftforsyningssystem av den ovennevnte type på en slik måte at det blir mulig å fremskaffe en høy og stabil spenning selv ved høye effektkrav, på en pålitelig måte og til en rimelig pris uten at det er nødvendig med ytterligere komponenter til f.eks. varmespredning. It is therefore the purpose of the present invention to improve a universal power supply system of the above-mentioned type in such a way that it becomes possible to provide a high and stable voltage even with high power requirements, in a reliable manner and at a reasonable price without it being necessary with additional components for e.g. heat dissipation.
I forbindelse med trekkene i innledningen til krav 1, blir dette formålet oppnådd ved at vekselspennings/likespennings-omformeren omfatter et antall vekselspennings/likespennings-omformerkomponenter som på sin inngangsside er koplet i parallell med vekselspenningskilden og som på sin utgangsside er seriekoplet med den elektriske forbruker. In connection with the features in the introduction to claim 1, this purpose is achieved by the AC/DC converter comprising a number of AC/DC converter components which on their input side are connected in parallel with the AC voltage source and which on their output side are connected in series with the electrical consumer .
På grunn av denne tilkoplingsmåten av vekselspennings/likespennings-omformerkomponentene tjener hver av disse komponentene til å generere en viss andel av spenningen på forbruker- eller utgangs-siden av vekselspennings/likespennings-omformeren. Hvis likespenningen som skal produseres på utgangs-siden beløper seg til f.eks. 6000 volt, kan likespenningen produseres ved hjelp av f.eks. 20 omformerkomponenter som hver har en utgangsspenning på 300 volt. Det er også mulig å tilveiebringe 30, 40 eller 50 omformerkomponenter der hver av disse da leverer en respektiv andel av den likespenning som er nødvendig på utgangssiden. Because of this connection method of the AC/DC converter components, each of these components serves to generate a certain proportion of the voltage on the consumer or output side of the AC/DC converter. If the direct voltage to be produced on the output side amounts to e.g. 6000 volts, the direct voltage can be produced using e.g. 20 converter components each with an output voltage of 300 volts. It is also possible to provide 30, 40 or 50 converter components where each of these then supplies a respective proportion of the DC voltage required on the output side.
I det enkleste tilfelle har omformerkomponentene alle samme konstruksjon slik at i tilfelle med n omformerkomponenter, frembringer hver komponent n-delen av den nødvendige utgangsspenning fra den vekselspenning som tilføres inngangssiden. In the simplest case, the converter components all have the same construction so that in the case of n converter components, each component produces the n part of the required output voltage from the alternating voltage supplied to the input side.
I motsetning til en vekselspennings/likespennings-omformer for f.eks. å produsere 6000 volt, er slike omformerkomponenter enkle å håndtere og enkle å vedlikeholde. Spredningsvarmen pr. omformerkomponent er her vanligvis så lav at separate kjøleanordninger kan sløyfes hvis omformerkomponentene er anordnet forholdsvis nær hverandre, kan enkle kjøleanordninger som fører f.eks. kjøleluft over omformerkomponentene være tilstrekkelig selv i tilfelle med høy effekt. Sammenlignet med kjente omformere er omkostningene ved å kjøle denne vekselspennings/likespennings-omformeren imidlertid betydelig lavere. In contrast to an AC/DC converter for e.g. to produce 6000 volts, such converter components are easy to handle and easy to maintain. The diffusion heat per converter component is usually so low here that separate cooling devices can be bypassed if the converter components are arranged relatively close to each other, simple cooling devices that lead e.g. cooling air over the inverter components be sufficient even in the case of high power. Compared to known converters, however, the costs of cooling this AC/DC converter are considerably lower.
Hvis én av omformerkomponentene svikter, vil utgangsspenningen bare bli redusert med den nevnte n-del slik at også de gjenværende n-1 omformerkomponentene fremdeles vil produsere en tilstrekkelig høy spenning for den elektriske forbruker. Bare hvis et antall omformerkomponenter svikter, kan det vise seg å være nødvendig å erstatte omformerkomponentene, i det minste delvis. I alle fall vil hvis én av et antall omformerkomponenter svikter, det fremdeles være garantert at den spenning som leveres til den elektriske forbruker fremdeles er tilstrekkelig høy til å muliggjøre drift av denne (redundans). If one of the converter components fails, the output voltage will only be reduced by the mentioned n-part so that also the remaining n-1 converter components will still produce a sufficiently high voltage for the electrical consumer. Only if a number of converter components fail, it may prove necessary to replace the converter components, at least in part. In any case, if one of a number of converter components fails, it will still be guaranteed that the voltage supplied to the electrical consumer is still sufficiently high to enable its operation (redundancy).
En enkel og pålitelig vekselspenningskilde kan ses i et miljø hvor vekselspenningskilden er en 380 volts, trefaset kraftkilde. A simple and reliable AC voltage source can be seen in an environment where the AC voltage source is a 380 volt, three-phase power source.
En omformerkomponent av den ovennevnte type kan f.eks. utgjøres av en lineært regulert omformerkomponent. Slik omformerkomponenter har imidlertid forholdsvis lav effektivitet som i de fleste tilfeller er så lav som fra 25 til 50%. Det følger at i tilfelle med høye effektverdier i kilowatt-området, vil spredningseffekten normalt minst svare til den leverte effekt. Dette resulterer ikke bare i høye energi-tap, men også i et kjøleproblem selv om et antall omformerkomponenter er anordnet. A converter component of the above type can e.g. consists of a linearly regulated converter component. However, such converter components have relatively low efficiency, which in most cases is as low as from 25 to 50%. It follows that in the case of high power values in the kilowatt range, the dissipation power will normally at least correspond to the delivered power. This results not only in high energy losses, but also in a cooling problem even if a number of converter components are arranged.
Spredningseffekten til omformerkomponentene kan lett reduseres ved å im-plementere omformerkomponentene som koplede eller svitsjede (hoved) kraftforsyninger. En slik svitsjet kraftforsyning er forsynt med en bryter som forårsaker at omformerkomponenten blir tilkoplet og frakoplet nettet, f.eks. i samsvar med nett-spenningen ved 50 hertz. The dispersion effect of the converter components can be easily reduced by implementing the converter components as switched or switched (main) power supplies. Such a switched power supply is provided with a switch which causes the converter component to be connected and disconnected from the grid, e.g. in accordance with the mains voltage at 50 hertz.
Tapene kan reduseres ytterligere når den svitsjede kraftforsyning blir taktstyrt uavhengig av nettfrekvensen på f.eks. 50 Hz. Taktpulsstyring ved høyere fre-kvenser blir foretrukket i denne forbindelse. Losses can be further reduced when the switched power supply is clocked independently of the mains frequency of e.g. 50 Hz. Clock pulse control at higher frequencies is preferred in this connection.
Forskjellige realiseringer av en slik taktstyrt, svitsjet kraftforsyning er kjente. Den første inndelingen som kan utføres, er en inndeling i svitsjede nettkraftforsyninger taktstyrt på sekundærsiden, og de som taktstyres på primærsiden. I begge disse grunnleggende versjonene er det mulig at en strøm flyter konstant inn i en lagringskondensator i den svitsjede nettkraftforsyning, eller at en strøm bare blir avgitt ved en viss tid slik at vedkommende omformer kan kalles en forovermatings-omformer eller en tilbakeløpsomformer. Denne tilbakeløpsomformeren kan for-trinnsvis taktstyres på primærsiden for å fremskaffe en galvanisk atskillelse mellom inngangs- og utgangs-sidene, og den kan være en enfaset eller en mottakts-omformer. Enfasede omformere blir i denne forbindelse foretrukket ettersom de normalt krever bare én effektbryter som en taktomkoplingsanordning. Denne effektbryteren kan f.eks. være implementert om en effekt-MOSFET eller en - BIMOSFETT. I tilegg kan også tyristorer benyttes som taktstyrte bryteranordning-er, spesielt når høye effektverdier i kilowatt-området er involvert. Various realizations of such a clock-controlled, switched power supply are known. The first division that can be carried out is a division into switched mains power supplies pulsed on the secondary side, and those that are pulsed on the primary side. In both of these basic versions, it is possible for a current to flow constantly into a storage capacitor in the switched-mode power supply, or for a current to be discharged only at a certain time so that the converter in question can be called a feed-forward converter or a flyback converter. This flyback converter can preferably be pulse-controlled on the primary side to provide a galvanic separation between the input and output sides, and it can be a single-phase or counter-pulse converter. Single-phase converters are preferred in this regard, as they normally require only one circuit breaker as a timing switching device. This circuit breaker can e.g. be implemented whether a power MOSFET or a - BIMOSFETT. In addition, thyristors can also be used as clock-controlled switching devices, especially when high power values in the kilowatt range are involved.
De ovennevnte svitsjede nettkraftforsyningene har, spesielt i tilfelle med høye effektverdier, et antall fordeler, slik som lav spredningseffekt, lavere vekt, mindre volum, ingen støygenerering, mindre glattingsutgifter og større inngangs-spenningsområde. Svitsjede nettkraftforsyninger og spesielt også tilbakeløps-omformere, blir brukt på et stort område med anvendelser, slik som mikrobølge-ovner, datamaskiner, elektronisk tilpasningsutstyr for lysrør, industri- og under-holdnings-elektronikk, skjermer, hjertedefibrillatorer og lignende. Tilbakeløpsom-formere er også meget godt egnet for bruk på områder hvor høy effekt er nødven-dig på utgangssiden. The above-mentioned switched-mode mains power supplies, especially in the case of high power values, have a number of advantages, such as low dissipation power, lower weight, smaller volume, no noise generation, less smoothing expenses and larger input voltage range. Switched mains power supplies, and especially also flyback converters, are used in a wide range of applications, such as microwave ovens, computers, electronic adaptation equipment for fluorescent tubes, industrial and entertainment electronics, monitors, heart defibrillators and the like. Flyback converters are also very well suited for use in areas where high power is required on the output side.
En pulsbreddemodulasjonsanordning, spesielt en pulsbreddemodulasjonsanordning som er innrettet for å bli styrt eller regulert, kan være tilveiebrakt for å aktivere koplingsanordningen eller svitsjeanordningen for tilbakeløpsomformeren eller den svitsjede nettkraftforsyningen på egnet måte. Denne pulsbreddemodulasjonsanordningen er i stand til å produsere en pulsrekke som er innrettet for å bli variert med hensyn til sin bredde og/eller høyde og/eller frekvens. En hyppig brukt pulsmodulasjonsanordning er en pulsbreddemodulasjonsanordning. Denne pulsbreddemodulasjonsanordningen frembringer et pulsbreddemodulert signal hvis taktsyklusforhold kan styres i samsvar med en målt aktuell verdi av utgangsspenningen. Den målte aktuelle verdi av utgangsspenningen kan f.eks. subtrahe-res fra den ønskede spenning, og denne differansen kan leveres via en styringsforsterker til pulsbreddemodulasjonsanordningen. Her kan utgangsspenningen fra styringsforsterkeren sammenlignes med en sagtannsspenning hvis frekvens be-stemmer koplingsfrekvensen eller taktstyringen av den svitsjede nettkraftforsyning. Avhengig av resultatet av denne sammenligningen, blir koplingstransistorene så slått på eller av, hvorved en ønsket utgangsspenning kan reguleres. A pulse width modulation device, in particular a pulse width modulation device which is adapted to be controlled or regulated, may be provided to actuate the switching device or the switching device of the flyback converter or the switched mains power supply in a suitable manner. This pulse width modulation device is capable of producing a train of pulses which are arranged to be varied with respect to their width and/or height and/or frequency. A frequently used pulse modulation device is a pulse width modulation device. This pulse width modulation device produces a pulse width modulated signal whose duty cycle ratio can be controlled in accordance with a measured current value of the output voltage. The measured actual value of the output voltage can e.g. is subtracted from the desired voltage, and this difference can be delivered via a control amplifier to the pulse width modulation device. Here, the output voltage from the control amplifier can be compared to a sawtooth voltage whose frequency determines the switching frequency or the clock control of the switched mains power supply. Depending on the result of this comparison, the switching transistors are then turned on or off, whereby a desired output voltage can be regulated.
I samsvar med en fordelaktig utførelsesform blir den maksimale utgangsspenning fra den svitsjede nettkraftforsyning valgt slik at den ikke overskrider en grenseverdi under gjennomslagsspenningen for en respektiv komponent i den svitsjede nettkraftforsyning, spesielt i koplingsanordningen eller svitsjeanordningen, slik at en sikker avstand fra gjennombruddsspenningen blir opprettholdt. In accordance with an advantageous embodiment, the maximum output voltage from the switched-mode power supply is selected so that it does not exceed a limit value below the breakdown voltage of a respective component of the switched-mode power supply, in particular in the switching device or the switching device, so that a safe distance from the breakdown voltage is maintained.
Som allerede nevnt foran, tilhører tilbakeløpsomformeren de omformere som blir taktstyrt på primærsiden, dvs. at det er en galvanisk atskillelse mellom inngangen og utgangen. As already mentioned above, the flyback converter belongs to the converters that are clock-controlled on the primary side, i.e. that there is a galvanic separation between the input and the output.
I denne forbindelse kan det være fordelaktig at tilbakeløpsomformeren omfatter et antall galvanisk atskilte, styrte utgangsspenningen In this connection, it can be advantageous for the flyback converter to include a number of galvanically separated, controlled output voltage
Taktfrekvensen til svitsjeanordningen kan være i kilohertz-området, og spesielt i hundre-kilohertz-området for å tillate en tilstrekkelig rask taktstyring av svitsjeanordningen, og i denne forbindelse en forholdsvis lav spredningseffekt for til-bakeløpsomformeren. Tilbakeløpsomformeren er f.eks. kjent som taktstyrt i området fra 20 kilohertz til 200 kilohertz. Lavere og høyere taktfrekvenser er imidlertid også mulige. The clock frequency of the switching device can be in the kilohertz range, and especially in the hundred kilohertz range to allow a sufficiently fast clock control of the switching device, and in this connection a relatively low dispersion effect for the flyback converter. The reflux converter is e.g. known as clock-controlled in the range from 20 kilohertz to 200 kilohertz. However, lower and higher clock frequencies are also possible.
For å unngå nødvendigheten av å tilveiebringe separate kjølemidler for omformerkomponentene, spesielt i tilfelle med høye effektverdier, kan omformerkomponenten være anordnet i avstand fra hverandre. Den rommessige avstanden er imidlertid vanligvis så liten at den bare svarer til dimensjonene av én omformerkomponent. In order to avoid the necessity of providing separate cooling means for the converter components, especially in the case of high power values, the converter components can be arranged at a distance from each other. However, the spatial distance is usually so small that it only corresponds to the dimensions of one converter component.
En filteranordning kan være anordnet mellom vekselspennings/likespennings-omformeren og den elektriske forbrukeren slik at likespenningen som genereres av vekselspennings/likespennings-omformeren om nødvendig kan glattes ytterligere. A filter device can be arranged between the AC/DC converter and the electrical consumer so that the DC voltage generated by the AC/DC converter can be further smoothed if necessary.
I tilfelle av visse elektriske forbrukere kan det vise seg å være fordelaktig når også en signalforbindelse blir tilveiebrakt i tillegg til en spenningsforsyning. For å unngå nødvendigheten av å tilveiebringe en ytterligere kabelforbindelse til den elektriske forbruker for dette formålet, kan en anordning for innkopling/avkopling av datasignaler være forbundet med kabelforbindelsen, idet anordningen for inn-kopling/avkopling av datasignaler spesielt er plassert mellom filteranordningen og den elektriske forbruker. Denne anordningen for tilkopling/avkopling av datasignaler kan på den ene side brukes til å kople respektive datasignaler til dataforbin-delsen for f.eks. styring av den elektriske forbruker eller for å levere informasjon til denne. I den motsatte retningen kan data som mottas fra den elektriske forbruker koples ut fra kabelforbindelsen og brukes til f.eks. å overvåke den elektriske forbruker ved hjelp av egnede enheter, slik som datamaskiner og lignende. In the case of certain electrical consumers, it may prove advantageous when also a signal connection is provided in addition to a voltage supply. In order to avoid the necessity of providing an additional cable connection to the electrical consumer for this purpose, a device for connecting/disconnecting data signals can be connected to the cable connection, the device for connecting/disconnecting data signals in particular being placed between the filter device and the electrical consumer. This device for connecting/disconnecting data signals can, on the one hand, be used to connect respective data signals to the data connection for e.g. control of the electrical consumer or to deliver information to this. In the opposite direction, data received from the electrical consumer can be disconnected from the cable connection and used for e.g. to monitor the electrical consumer using suitable devices, such as computers and the like.
I denne forbindelse må det tas i betraktning at dataoverføring på grunnlag av likespenningen på utgangssiden kan bevirkes med mindre interferens og med høyere hastighet enn i tilfeller hvor den elektriske forbruker blir forsynt med en vekselspenning. In this connection, it must be taken into account that data transmission on the basis of the direct voltage on the output side can be effected with less interference and at a higher speed than in cases where the electrical consumer is supplied with an alternating voltage.
I det minste vekselspenningskilden og/eller vekselspennings/likespennings-omformeren og/eller anordningen for tilkopling/avkopling av datasignaler kan være tilknyttet en styringsenhet slik at de forskjellige enheter i kraftforsyningssystemet i henhold til foreliggende oppfinnelse kan overvåkes, styres eller om nødvendig, reguleres mer effektivt. Denne styringsenheten kan f.eks. også detektere om én av omformerkomponentene som er implementert som en tilbakeløpsomformer, har sviktet. Hvis en slik svikt blir detektert, kan de andre tilbakeløpsomformerne aktive-res slik at de kompenserer for svikten til den ene tilbakeløpsomformer ved at en noe høyere utgangsspenning f.eks. blir levert av hver av de andre tilbakeløps-omformerne. At least the AC voltage source and/or the AC/DC converter and/or the device for connecting/disconnecting data signals can be connected to a control unit so that the various units in the power supply system according to the present invention can be monitored, controlled or, if necessary, regulated more effectively . This control unit can e.g. also detect if one of the converter components implemented as a flyback converter has failed. If such a failure is detected, the other flyback converters can be activated so that they compensate for the failure of one flyback converter by a somewhat higher output voltage, e.g. is supplied by each of the other flow-back converters.
Styringsenheten kan også styre pulsbreddemodulasjonsanordningen i for-bindelsen. The control unit can also control the pulse width modulation device in the connection.
Styringsenheten kan ikke bare brukes til overvåkningsformål alene, men det er også mulig å bruke den til å opprette en kommunikasjonsforbindelse mellom de respektive enheter i kraftforsyningssystemet. Dette vil spesielt være fordelaktig i tilfeller hvor de forskjellige enheter er anordnet med forholdsvis store avstander fra hverandre og/eller på utilgjengelige steder. Ved hjelp av denne kommunikasjonsforbindelsen kan fysisk undersøkelse eller vedlikehold begrenses til sjeldne tilfeller eller til tilfeller hvor vedkommende enhet må repareres. The control unit can not only be used for monitoring purposes alone, but it is also possible to use it to establish a communication link between the respective units in the power supply system. This will be particularly advantageous in cases where the various units are arranged at relatively large distances from each other and/or in inaccessible places. Using this communication link, physical examination or maintenance can be limited to rare cases or to cases where the device in question needs to be repaired.
Kabelforbindelsen kan omfatte minst én koaksialkabel slik at selv om høy effekt skal overføres og hvis spenning og data blir overført samtidig, kan kabelforbindelsen opprettes slik at den har et lite tverrsnitt, hvorved kostnadene vil bli mindre, spesielt i tilfelle med lange avstander. Siden den spenning som overføres gjennom koaksialkabelen er en likespenning, vil det bare opptre linjetap, mens ytterligere dempningstap som forårsakes ved overføring av vekselspenninger, blir unngått. The cable connection can include at least one coaxial cable so that even if high power is to be transmitted and if voltage and data are transmitted simultaneously, the cable connection can be created so that it has a small cross-section, whereby costs will be reduced, especially in the case of long distances. Since the voltage transmitted through the coaxial cable is a direct voltage, only line losses will occur, while additional attenuation losses caused by the transmission of alternating voltages are avoided.
I forbindelse med omformerkomponentene og spesielt tilbakeløpsomfor-merne som brukes som slike komponenter, må det også vies oppmerksomhet til det faktum at hver av omformerkomponentene bør være innrettet for å bli styrt eller regulert separat med hensyn til utgangsspenningen. Inngangene til omformerkomponentene er anordnet i parallell i hver omformerkomponent slik at spennings-forsyningen og følgelig strømmen og effekten er fullstendig atskilt. Det følger at uavhengig av utgangsspenningen kan også den totale effekten til systemet tilpas-ses i henhold til behovene. Et fullstendig fritt valg av effekten og utgangsspenningen er derfor mulig. På grunn av bruken av et antall omformerkomponenter kan det oppnås en uhyre nøyaktig og presis styring av utgangsspenningen så vel som effekten, siden hver omformerkomponent styres uavhengig av de andre komponentene. In connection with the converter components and especially the flyback converters used as such components, attention must also be paid to the fact that each of the converter components should be arranged to be controlled or regulated separately with respect to the output voltage. The inputs to the converter components are arranged in parallel in each converter component so that the voltage supply and consequently the current and power are completely separated. It follows that regardless of the output voltage, the total power of the system can also be adapted according to needs. A completely free choice of the power and the output voltage is therefore possible. Due to the use of a number of converter components, extremely accurate and precise control of the output voltage as well as the power can be achieved, since each converter component is controlled independently of the other components.
Hvis én av omformerkomponentene svikter, er kraftforsyningen likevel garantert (redundans) siden de andre omformerkomponentene blir aktivert på pas-sende måte slik at effektfeilen til den omformer som har sviktet, vil bli kompensert på utgangssiden. Det respektive område innenfor hvilken hver av de fremdeles operative omformerkomponenter må justeres, er uhyre lite siden en forholdsvis lav økning i spenningen på utgangssiden av antallet omformerkomponenter allerede vil føre til en betydelig høyere økning i den totale utgangsspenning. If one of the converter components fails, the power supply is nevertheless guaranteed (redundancy) since the other converter components are activated in an appropriate way so that the power error of the converter that has failed will be compensated on the output side. The respective range within which each of the still operational converter components must be adjusted is extremely small since a relatively low increase in voltage on the output side of the number of converter components will already lead to a significantly higher increase in the total output voltage.
I forbindelse med hver omformerkomponent, og spesielt i forbindelse med tilbakeløpsomformeren, er det mulig å sløyfe ytterligere komponenter, dvs. å imp-lementere omformerkomponentene f.eks. som integrerte kretser som i tillegg til den aktuelle tilbakeløpsomformer, omfatter andre elementer, slik som en nyttefaktor-reguleringsanordning, en underspenningsdeteksjonsanordning, en overspenningsovervåkningsanordning, en såkalt "mykstart-anordning", og lignende. In connection with each converter component, and especially in connection with the return converter, it is possible to loop additional components, i.e. to implement the converter components e.g. as integrated circuits which, in addition to the relevant flyback converter, comprise other elements, such as a utility factor regulation device, an undervoltage detection device, an overvoltage monitoring device, a so-called "soft start device", and the like.
Det skal også bemerkes at på grunn av likespenningen som overføres på utgangssiden til den elektriske forbruker, er små tverrsnitt mulig spesielt når en koaksialkabel blir benyttet som kabelforbindelse, idet denne ledningen med lite tverrsnitt tillater en betydelig reduksjon i kabelforbindelsesomkostningene. Spesielt når avstandene til den elektriske forbruker er i kilometerområdet og når avstanden blir 50 km eller mer, vil en betydelig kostnadsbesparelse oppnås, selv om koaksialkabelen samtidig kan brukes også til overføring av data. It should also be noted that due to the direct voltage that is transmitted on the output side to the electrical consumer, small cross-sections are possible, especially when a coaxial cable is used as a cable connection, as this wire with a small cross-section allows a significant reduction in cable connection costs. Especially when the distances to the electrical consumer are in the kilometer range and when the distance becomes 50 km or more, a significant cost saving will be achieved, even though the coaxial cable can also be used for data transmission at the same time.
Kostbare kondensatorer, slik som elektrolytiske filterkondensatorer, er ikke lenger nødvendig for å glatte likespenningen på utgangssiden. I tillegg kan nytte-faktorkorreksjon finne sted direkte i tilbakeløpsomformeren; et egnet middel for å utføre korreksjonen kan være innbefattet i tilbakeløpsomformeren eller i dennes integrerte krets. Den høye klokkefrekvensen til tilbakeløpsomformeren garanterer samtidig at vekselspenningen på inngangssiden blir samplet i full bredde, slik at høy effektivitet blir oppnådd. Expensive capacitors, such as electrolytic filter capacitors, are no longer needed to smooth the DC voltage on the output side. In addition, utility factor correction can take place directly in the flyback converter; a suitable means for carrying out the correction may be included in the flyback converter or in its integrated circuit. The high clock frequency of the flyback converter also guarantees that the AC voltage on the input side is sampled in full width, so that high efficiency is achieved.
Øvrige trekk og fordeler framkommer av de etterfølgende patentkravene. Other features and benefits emerge from the subsequent patent claims.
I det følgende vil en fordelaktig utførelsesform av foreliggende oppfinnelse bli forklart under henvisning til de vedføyde figurer, hvor: fig. 1 viser en skjematisk representasjon av en utførelsesform av det universelle kraftforsyningssystem, og In the following, an advantageous embodiment of the present invention will be explained with reference to the attached figures, where: fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of the universal power supply system, and
fig. 2 viser et kretsskjema over en utførelsesform av en tilbakeløpsomformer som klokkes eller taktstyres på primærsiden og brukes som omformerkomponent. fig. 2 shows a circuit diagram of an embodiment of a flyback converter that is clocked or clocked on the primary side and used as a converter component.
Fig. 1 viser et skjematisk kretsskjema over en utførelsesform av det universelle kraftforsyningssystem 1 i henhold til foreliggende oppfinnelse. Det universelle kraftforsyningssystem omfatter en trefaset vekselspenningskilde 3 på 380 volt. Vekselspenningen er innrettet for å bli overført til en vekselspennings/likespennings-omformer 5 via en ledning 24. Vekselspennings/likespennigs-omformeren 5 er sammen satt av et antall vekselspennings/likespennings-omformerkomponenter 6 som er koplet i parallell til ledningen 24 via respektive inngangs-klemmer 23. Fig. 1 shows a schematic circuit diagram of an embodiment of the universal power supply system 1 according to the present invention. The universal power supply system comprises a three-phase AC voltage source 3 of 380 volts. The AC voltage is arranged to be transferred to an AC/DC converter 5 via a line 24. The AC/DC converter 5 is composed of a number of AC/DC converter components 6 which are connected in parallel to the line 24 via respective input hugs 23.
Vekselspennings/likespennings-omformerkomponentene 6 utgjøres av en svitsjet kraftforsyning 7 og spesielt av en tilbakeløpsomformer 8 som taktstyres på primærsiden virker som en svitsjet kraftforsyning 7. The AC/DC converter components 6 are made up of a switched-mode power supply 7 and in particular of a flyback converter 8 which is clock-controlled on the primary side and acts as a switched-mode power supply 7.
På utgangssiden er de forskjellige omformerkomponentene 6 seriekoplet med hverandre via respektive utgangsklemmer 22, og de er koplet til en koaksialkabel 15 som virker som en kabelforbindelse 4. Via kabelforbindelsen 4 får en elektrisk forbruker 2 levert elektrisk kraft. Mellom vekselspennings/likespennings-omformeren 5 og den elektriske forbruker 2 er en anordning for kopling av datasignaler 13 inn og ut i tillegg koplet til kabelforbindelsen 4. Anordningen 13 for til-kopling/avkopling av datasignaler blir brukt til å mate inn respektive datasignaler eller for å kople ut datasignaler som er blitt mottatt fra den elektriske forbruker 2 eller fra dens tilknyttede enheter. Overføringen av datasignalene blir også bevirket via kabelforbindelsen 4 implementert som en koaksialkabel 15. On the output side, the various converter components 6 are connected in series with each other via respective output terminals 22, and they are connected to a coaxial cable 15 which acts as a cable connection 4. Via the cable connection 4, an electrical consumer 2 is supplied with electrical power. Between the AC/DC converter 5 and the electrical consumer 2, a device for connecting data signals 13 in and out is also connected to the cable connection 4. The device 13 for connecting/disconnecting data signals is used to feed in respective data signals or for to disconnect data signals that have been received from the electrical consumer 2 or from its associated units. The transmission of the data signals is also effected via the cable connection 4 implemented as a coaxial cable 15.
På fig. 1 er det vist bare én elektrisk forbruker 2. Vanligvis blir et antall elektriske forbrukere forsynt med elektrisk kraft og også data via kabelforbindelsen 4 fra det universelle kraftforsyningssystem 1 i henhold til foreliggende oppfinnelse. Slike elektriske forbrukere er f.eks. drivanordninger anordnet på steder som er langt bort og/eller ikke lett tilgjengelig. Drivanordningene styrer f.eks. enheter i flu-idledninger, slik som ventiler, avstengningsanordninger, begrensningsanordninger, pumper og lignende slik at strømningen av fluid inn i og langs fluidledningen blir styrt og slått av i nødstilfeller, slik som ved lekkasje, ledningsbrudd eller lignende, og slik at også parametere for fluidet, fluidstrømningen eller de respektive enheter blir overvåket og styrt. Fluidet blir normal matet inn i ledningene under høyt trykk fra en respektiv fluidkilde og ført langs ledningene, f.eks. fra bunnen av havover-flaten. Siden et slikt fluid vanligvis inneholder aggressive eller miljømessig giftige komponenter, vil en kraftforsyning og fjernstyring som kan bevirkes ved hjelp av det universelle kraftforsyningssystem 1 i henhold til oppfinnelsen, være meget fordelaktig. In fig. 1, only one electrical consumer 2 is shown. Usually, a number of electrical consumers are supplied with electrical power and also data via the cable connection 4 from the universal power supply system 1 according to the present invention. Such electrical consumers are e.g. drive devices arranged in places that are far away and/or not easily accessible. The drive devices control e.g. units in fluid lines, such as valves, shut-off devices, limiting devices, pumps and the like so that the flow of fluid into and along the fluid line is controlled and switched off in emergency situations, such as in the event of a leak, line break or the like, and so that also parameters for the fluid, the fluid flow or the respective units are monitored and controlled. The fluid is normally fed into the lines under high pressure from a respective fluid source and led along the lines, e.g. from the bottom of the sea surface. Since such a fluid usually contains aggressive or environmentally toxic components, a power supply and remote control that can be effected by means of the universal power supply system 1 according to the invention will be very advantageous.
Fjernstyringen av de respektive drivanordninger kan i denne forbindelse ut-føres via kommunikasjonsforbindelsen som er opprettet ved hjelp av anordningene 13 for tilkopling/avkopling av datasignaler. The remote control of the respective drive devices can in this connection be carried out via the communication connection which is created with the help of the devices 13 for connecting/disconnecting data signals.
Alle enhetene i det universelle kraftforsyningssystem 1, om nødvendig inn-befattende den elektriske forbruker 2, er innrettet for å bli styrt og/eller regulert av en styringsenhet 14.1 tillegg kan en relevant overvåkning av parameterne til de forskjellige enheter utføres. På fig. 1 er styringsenheten 14 koplet til de forskjellige enheter via forbindelser som er representert med brutte linjer, for å styre, regulere og/eller overvåke enhetene. All the units in the universal power supply system 1, if necessary including the electrical consumer 2, are designed to be controlled and/or regulated by a control unit 14.1 in addition, a relevant monitoring of the parameters of the various units can be carried out. In fig. 1, the control unit 14 is connected to the various units via connections which are represented by broken lines, in order to control, regulate and/or monitor the units.
De svitsjede kraftforsyninger 7 og tilbakeløpsomformerne 8 kan henholdsvis være implementert som integrerte kretser. Disse integrerte kretsene omfatter direkte respektive ytterligere enheter, slik som nyttefaktor-styringsanordninger 16, underspenningsdeteksjonsanordninger 17 eller overspenningsovervåkningsanord-ninger 18. For å forenkle det hele er disse ytterligere enheter bare vist på fig. 1 i tilfelle med én tilbakeløpsomformer 8, vanligvis er de imidlertid komponentdeler i alle tilbakeløpsomformere. The switched power supplies 7 and the flyback converters 8 can respectively be implemented as integrated circuits. These integrated circuits directly comprise respective further units, such as utility factor control devices 16, undervoltage detection devices 17 or overvoltage monitoring devices 18. To simplify the whole, these further units are only shown in fig. 1 in the case of one reflux converter 8, but usually they are component parts in all reflux converters.
Fig 2 viser en forenklet utførelsesform av en tilbakeløpsomformer 8 som virker som en svitsjet kraftforsyning 7. Tilbakeløpsomformeren 8 omfatter en sen-der 19 som består av en primærvikling koplet til inngangsklemmen 23, og en se-kundærvikling koplet til utgangsklemmen 22. En effektiv magnetisk kopling finnes mellom disse to viklingene. Transformatoren virker som et magnetisk energilager. Når en koplingsanordning 9 i form av en krafttransistor 10 blir lukket, vil strømmen øke i primærviklingen og energi vil bli lagret i senderen. Når koplingsanordningen 9 åpnes, vil den lagrede energi på sekundærviklingssiden bli levert til en glatte-kondensator 21 via en diode 20. Den lagrede energi blir matet i form av en vekselspenning via utgangsklemmen 22. De respektive tilbakeløpsomformere har sine utgangsklemmer 22 seriekoplet til kabelforbindelsen 4, jevnfør fig. 1. Fig 2 shows a simplified embodiment of a flyback converter 8 which acts as a switched power supply 7. The flyback converter 8 comprises a transmitter 19 which consists of a primary winding connected to the input terminal 23, and a secondary winding connected to the output terminal 22. An efficient magnetic coupling is found between these two windings. The transformer acts as a magnetic energy store. When a switching device 9 in the form of a power transistor 10 is closed, the current will increase in the primary winding and energy will be stored in the transmitter. When the switching device 9 is opened, the stored energy on the secondary winding side will be delivered to a smooth capacitor 21 via a diode 20. The stored energy is fed in the form of an alternating voltage via the output terminal 22. The respective flyback converters have their output terminals 22 connected in series to the cable connection 4, compare fig. 1.
For å aktivere eller taktstyre koplingsanordningen 9, dvs. krafttransistoren 10, er en pulsbreddemodulasjonsanordning 11 anordnet i tilbakeløpsomformeren 8. Pulsbreddemodulasjonsanordningen 11 frembringer et pulsbredde-modulert signal hvis klokkesyklusforhold blir styrt i overensstemmelse med den målte aktuelle verdi av utgangsspenningen. For dette formål blir den aktuelle verdi målt ved utgangen fra tilbakeløpsomformeren subtrahert fra den respektive ønskede verdi, og denne differansen blir levert, via en styringsforsterker for tilbakeløpsomforme-ren, til pulsbreddemodulasjonsanordningen 11. Her blir utgangsspenningen til styringsforsterkeren sammenlignet med en sagtannspenning hvis frekvens bestem-mer klokkefrekvensen til tilbakeløpsomformeren. Avhengig av resultatet av denne sammenligningen, blir koplingsanordningen 9 slått på eller av og den ønskede utgangsspenning blir justert på denne måten. In order to activate or clock the switching device 9, i.e. the power transistor 10, a pulse width modulation device 11 is arranged in the flyback converter 8. The pulse width modulation device 11 produces a pulse width modulated signal whose clock cycle ratio is controlled in accordance with the measured current value of the output voltage. For this purpose, the current value measured at the output of the flyback converter is subtracted from the respective desired value, and this difference is delivered, via a control amplifier for the flyback converter, to the pulse width modulation device 11. Here, the output voltage of the control amplifier is compared with a sawtooth voltage whose frequency determines more the clock frequency of the flyback converter. Depending on the result of this comparison, the switching device 9 is switched on or off and the desired output voltage is adjusted in this way.
For å styre tilbakeløpsomformeren finnes det integrerte kretser som kan være tilknyttet eller innbefattet i hver av tilbakeløpsomformerne 8 i henhold til fig. 1. Disse integrerte kretsene omfatter også beskyttelseskretsene, f.eks. underspenningsdeteksjonsanordninger, overstrømsovervåkningsanordninger, mykstart-anordninger og lignende, som blir regulert for drift av tilbakeløpsomformeren. In order to control the reverse flow converter, there are integrated circuits which can be connected to or included in each of the reverse flow converters 8 according to fig. 1. These integrated circuits also include the protection circuits, e.g. undervoltage detection devices, overcurrent monitoring devices, soft start devices and the like, which are regulated for operation of the flyback converter.
Claims (19)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| DE20115471U DE20115471U1 (en) | 2001-09-19 | 2001-09-19 | Universal energy supply system |
| PCT/EP2002/010471 WO2003026112A2 (en) | 2001-09-19 | 2002-09-18 | Universal power supply system |
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|---|---|
| NO20041129L NO20041129L (en) | 2004-05-18 |
| NO328254B1 true NO328254B1 (en) | 2010-01-18 |
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| NO20041129A NO328254B1 (en) | 2001-09-19 | 2004-03-18 | Universal power supply system |
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| AU (1) | AU2002350450A1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0212663B1 (en) |
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| DE20115471U1 (en) | 2001-09-19 | 2003-02-20 | Biester Klaus | Universal energy supply system |
| US7615893B2 (en) * | 2000-05-11 | 2009-11-10 | Cameron International Corporation | Electric control and supply system |
| DE20115473U1 (en) * | 2001-09-19 | 2003-02-20 | Biester Klaus | Universal energy supply system |
| DE20018560U1 (en) * | 2000-10-30 | 2002-03-21 | Cameron Gmbh | Control and supply system |
| DE20115474U1 (en) * | 2001-09-19 | 2003-02-20 | Biester Klaus | DC converter device |
| DE20115475U1 (en) * | 2001-09-19 | 2003-02-20 | Biester Klaus | DC converter device |
| US7020271B2 (en) * | 2003-06-12 | 2006-03-28 | Barbara Isabel Hummel | Ring control device |
| NO332768B1 (en) * | 2009-12-16 | 2013-01-14 | Smartmotor As | System for operation of elongated electric machines |
| US8373307B2 (en) | 2011-05-26 | 2013-02-12 | General Electric Company | Methods and systems for direct current power transmission |
| FR2982092B1 (en) * | 2011-11-02 | 2015-01-02 | Valeo Systemes De Controle Moteur | POWER MODULE AND ELECTRIC DEVICE FOR POWER SUPPLY AND CHARGING COMBINED WITH ACCUMULATOR AND MOTOR |
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Also Published As
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|---|---|
| US20050013148A1 (en) | 2005-01-20 |
| DE20115471U1 (en) | 2003-02-20 |
| AU2002350450A1 (en) | 2003-04-01 |
| GB2420233A (en) | 2006-05-17 |
| GB0603309D0 (en) | 2006-03-29 |
| US8106536B2 (en) | 2012-01-31 |
| GB0603268D0 (en) | 2006-03-29 |
| BRPI0212663B1 (en) | 2015-06-16 |
| US8492927B2 (en) | 2013-07-23 |
| GB2420026B (en) | 2006-06-28 |
| GB2420233B (en) | 2006-06-28 |
| WO2003026112A3 (en) | 2003-11-20 |
| WO2003026112A2 (en) | 2003-03-27 |
| GB2396492B (en) | 2006-08-09 |
| GB0408686D0 (en) | 2004-05-19 |
| WO2003026112B1 (en) | 2003-12-31 |
| GB2420026A (en) | 2006-05-10 |
| US20120169119A1 (en) | 2012-07-05 |
| BR0212663A (en) | 2004-08-24 |
| GB2396492A (en) | 2004-06-23 |
| NO20041129L (en) | 2004-05-18 |
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