KR102483966B1 - Manufacturing method for Soap Using Waste oil with Extraction residue - Google Patents
Manufacturing method for Soap Using Waste oil with Extraction residue Download PDFInfo
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- KR102483966B1 KR102483966B1 KR1020220121267A KR20220121267A KR102483966B1 KR 102483966 B1 KR102483966 B1 KR 102483966B1 KR 1020220121267 A KR1020220121267 A KR 1020220121267A KR 20220121267 A KR20220121267 A KR 20220121267A KR 102483966 B1 KR102483966 B1 KR 102483966B1
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- soap
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Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D9/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap
- C11D9/04—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap containing compounding ingredients other than soaps
- C11D9/22—Organic compounds, e.g. vitamins
- C11D9/38—Products in which the composition is not well defined
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B13/00—Recovery of fats, fatty oils or fatty acids from waste materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D13/00—Making of soap or soap solutions in general; Apparatus therefor
- C11D13/10—Mixing; Kneading
Abstract
Description
본 발명은 폐유를 이용한 비누 제조방법에 관한 것으로, 더욱 상세하게는 채소를 포함하여 비누의 강도를 증가시키고, 환경보전적이면서 탄소배출량 억제에 도움이 되도록 비누를 제조하는 방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing soap using waste oil, and more particularly, to a method for manufacturing soap to increase the strength of soap, including vegetables, and to help reduce carbon emissions while preserving the environment.
비누를 제조하는 가장 기본적인 방법은 오일성분 및 가성소다(NaOH)를 혼합하여 제조하는 것이 가장 기본적인 방법이다. 이때 물성(강도), 향(냄새), pH(산도) 측면에서 비누의 질을 향상시키기 위하여 추가적인 성분들이 포함되기도 하며, 상기 성분들이 혼합이 잘 되도록 하기 위해 알콜과 같은 용매를 추가하기도 한다.The most basic method for producing soap is to prepare by mixing an oil component and caustic soda (NaOH). At this time, additional ingredients may be included to improve the quality of the soap in terms of physical properties (strength), scent (smell), and pH (acidity), and a solvent such as alcohol may be added to ensure that the ingredients mix well.
또한, 최근에는 팜유 또는 코코넛오일 등과 같은 식물성 오일을 이용하여 제조하는 다양한 비누제품이 소개되고 있다. 이러한 식물성 오일을 이용한 비누는 사용자에게는 유리할 수 있으나, 환경적인 측면에서는 식물성 오일의 원재료를 확보하기 위한 벌목으로 인해 지구에 대한 환경적 측면에서는 부정적인 결과를 발생하기도 한다.In addition, recently, various soap products manufactured using vegetable oil such as palm oil or coconut oil have been introduced. Soaps using these vegetable oils may be advantageous to users, but in the environmental aspect, due to logging to secure raw materials of vegetable oil, negative results may occur in terms of the environment for the earth.
한편, 사용하고 남은 폐유로 인해 수질오염이나 쓰레기증가, 폐유의 경화로 인한 주변 시설물의 훼손과 같은 문제점 등이 발생할 수 있는 바, 환경보호 측면에서 폐유를 재활용하는 방안이 다양하게 제시되고 있으나, 가장 쉽고 활발하게 폐유 재활용 방법으로서 폐유를 이용하여 비누를 제조하는 다양한 기술이 개발되어 왔는바, 대한민국 특허청의 선행기술로서는 등록특허 제10-0103696호 "폐유를 이용한 비누의 제조방법(특허문헌 1)" 에서는 비누를 제조하기 위해 폐식용유 및 가성소다를 혼합 가열하여 제조하는 과정에서 반응성을 향상시키기 위해 알콜류 또는 케톤류와 같은 공용매를 추가하여 비누화반응을 진행하는 기술이 개시되고 있으나. 본 발명과 폐유를 이용하는 점에서는 유사하지만, 특허문헌 1은 반응성 향상 및 안정성을 높이기 위한 것이 주된 목적이지만, 본 발명은 추가 용매 사용없이도 폐유의 색도 및 산도를 일정하게 유지하여 균일한 비누를 얻을 수 있고, 또한 채소나 과일의 착즙 후 남은 고형분을 사용하여 비누의 강도증가, 물러짐 향상, 냄새 감소, 사용 후 분해능 증가를 향상시키는 점에서 차이가 있다.On the other hand, problems such as water pollution, increase in garbage, and damage to surrounding facilities due to hardening of waste oil may occur due to waste oil left after use, and various methods of recycling waste oil have been proposed in terms of environmental protection. As a method of easily and actively recycling waste oil, various technologies for producing soap using waste oil have been developed. As a prior art of the Korean Intellectual Property Office, Patent Registration No. 10-0103696 "Method of manufacturing soap using waste oil (Patent Document 1)" In the process of mixing and heating waste cooking oil and caustic soda to produce soap, a technique for performing a saponification reaction by adding a co-solvent such as alcohols or ketones is disclosed to improve reactivity. It is similar to the present invention in terms of using waste oil, but the main purpose of Patent Document 1 is to improve reactivity and increase stability. In addition, there is a difference in that the strength of the soap is increased, the softening is improved, the odor is reduced, and the decomposition increase after use is improved by using the remaining solids after juice of vegetables or fruits.
또한, 공개특허 제10-2003-0077518호 "폐식용유를 이용한 한방 액상비누 및 그 제조방법(특허문헌 2)" 에서는 비누를 제조하기 위해 폐식용유를 이용하되, 반응과정에서 유황, 당귀 추출물, 천궁 추출물, 용뇌 및 포도씨 추출물을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하여, 냄새 제거나 기능성을 목적으로 하지만, 본 발명은 채소나 과일의 착즙 후 남은 고형분을 사용하여 강도증가, 냄새증가, 분해능 증가를 향상시키는 점에서 차이가 있으며, 비누의 기능성을 향상시키면서 환경보전적인 장점을 극대화하고자 한다.In addition, in Patent Publication No. 10-2003-0077518 "Oriental liquid soap using waste cooking oil and its manufacturing method (Patent Document 2)", waste cooking oil is used to prepare soap, but sulfur, angelica extract, and cnidium are used in the reaction process. It is characterized in that it contains an extract, yongnoe and grape seed extract, and the purpose is to remove odor or functionality, but the present invention uses the solids remaining after juice of vegetables or fruits to increase strength, increase odor, and improve resolution. There is a difference, and we want to maximize the advantages of environmental preservation while improving the functionality of soap.
또한, 등록특허 제10-0804818호 "폐식용유를 이용한 고형비누의 제조방법(특허문헌 3)" 에서는 비누를 제조하기 위해 폐식용유를 이용하되, 죽초액, 민들레추출액, 게르마늄 및 키토산을 포함하여 살균력, 저자극성 비누를 제공하는 것을 기술적 특징으로 하며, 본 발명은 채소나 과일의 착즙 후 남은 고형분을 사용하여 추출물 등에 사용되는 부가적인 첨가물 없이 수분을 최대한으로 착즙한 고형분을 사용함으로써 많은 양의 채소 및 과일성분을 함유하여 기능성 성분을 비누에 부가하고자 한다.In addition, in Registered Patent No. 10-0804818 "Method for Manufacturing Solid Soap Using Waste Cooking Oil (Patent Document 3)", waste cooking oil is used to manufacture soap, but sterilization including bamboo vinegar, dandelion extract, germanium and chitosan, The technical feature is to provide a hypoallergenic soap, and the present invention uses the solids remaining after juice of vegetables or fruits to maximize moisture without additional additives used in extracts, etc., so that a large amount of vegetables and fruits It is intended to add functional ingredients to soap by containing ingredients.
또한, 등록특허 제10-2355539호 "당근을 이용한 비누 조성물(특허문헌 4)" 에서는 비누에 채소를 포함하는 선행기술로서 비누베이스에 당근 분말, 당근 추출물, 파프리카 분말, 파프리카 추출물 및 자색당근 발효추출물을 포함하여 세정력, 향균력, 보습력 및 피부개선효과가 향상되는 비누를 개시하고 있으나, 본 발명은 생 채소 또는 과일을 비누에 첨가물로 사용시 부패의 우려가 되어 분말화 또는 추출물을 사용하는 방법과 달리 충분히 착즙하고 남은 생 과일 및 야채 고형분의 처리 과정을 통해 비누에 첨가시 비누의 기능을 향상시키는 점에 차이가 있다.In addition, in Patent Registration No. 10-2355539 "Soap composition using carrots (Patent Document 4)", as a prior art including vegetables in soap, carrot powder, carrot extract, paprika powder, paprika extract, and purple carrot fermented extract in a soap base However, the present invention is concerned about spoilage when raw vegetables or fruits are used as additives to soap, unlike methods using powdered or extracts. There is a difference in that the function of soap is improved when added to soap through the processing of raw fruit and vegetable solids remaining after juice extraction.
또한, 본 발명에서는 폐유를 정제하기 위한 단계를 추가하는 것을 특징으로 하고, 채소 또는 과일의 착즙 후 고형분을 사용하여 천연재료를 사용하는 장점이 있으며, 착즙 후 발생하는 고형분을 줄일 수 있는 효과가 있다.In addition, the present invention is characterized by adding a step for refining waste oil, and has the advantage of using natural materials by using solids after juice of vegetables or fruits, and has the effect of reducing the solids generated after juice. .
본 발명은 상기한 종래 기술에서 발생하는 문제점을 해소하기 위한 것으로, 비누를 제조하기 위해 식물성오일 등을 사용하므로서 발생하는 부작용인 자연환경훼손을 완화시킬 수 있으며, 수질오염 및 토양오염의 원인 중 하나인 폐유를 사용하므로서 수질오염 및 토양오염을 완화시킬 수 있는 하나의 방안이 될 수 있다.The present invention is to solve the problems occurring in the prior art, it is possible to alleviate damage to the natural environment, which is a side effect caused by using vegetable oil, etc. to produce soap, and is one of the causes of water pollution and soil pollution. Using phosphorus waste oil can be one way to mitigate water pollution and soil pollution.
또한, 폐유를 이용하여 제조되는 비누의 문제점이라 할 수 있는 불순물을 정제 및 제거하여 폐유를 이용하여 비누 제조시 폐유상태에 따른 비누의 색상, 향 및 비누의 비균질성을 극복하고 양산화 할 수 있도록 양질의 비누를 제공할 수 있다.In addition, by refining and removing impurities that can be said to be a problem of soap manufactured using waste oil, when manufacturing soap using waste oil, it is possible to overcome the color, fragrance and non-homogeneity of soap according to the state of waste oil and to mass-produce it. Soap can be provided.
또한, 다양한 목적으로 생산 및 판매되고 있는 채소쥬스나 과일쥬스의 부산물인 착즙고형분을 재활용하여 쓰레기를 감소시켜 환경보전적 효과를 얻을 수 있다.In addition, by recycling the juice solids, which are by-products of vegetable juice or fruit juice produced and sold for various purposes, waste can be reduced and environmental conservation effects can be obtained.
또한, 과일 또는 채소의 착즙고형분을 이용하여 생 과일 또는 야채의 수분을 충분히 짜내고 남은 섬유질과 기능성 성분들을 분말화하기 위한 과정을 통해 과일 또는 채소의 유익한 성분을 손상시키지 않게 되므로, 추출물 형태를 이용하기 위한 화학적 가공 처리 없이 사용가능한 장점이 있다.In addition, since the beneficial components of the fruit or vegetable are not damaged through the process of sufficiently squeezing out the water of the fresh fruit or vegetable using the juice solid content of the fruit or vegetable and powdering the remaining fiber and functional ingredients, it is difficult to use the extract form. There is an advantage that it can be used without chemical processing for
뿐만 아니라, 착즙고형분에 포함된 성분을 통해 비누를 사용하고 발생하는 오염수의 분해를 향상시킬 수 있다.In addition, the decomposition of contaminated water generated after using soap can be improved through the components included in the juice solids.
본 발명의 다른 목적 및 기술적 특징은 이하의 발명의 상세한 설명, 청구의 범위 및 도면에 의해 보다 구체적으로 제시된다.Other objects and technical features of the present invention are presented more specifically by the following detailed description, claims and drawings.
본 발명의 폐유 및 착즙고형분을 사용한 비누의 제조방법은 상기한 과제를 해결하기 위한 비누 제조방법에 있어서, The method for producing soap using waste oil and juice solids of the present invention is a method for producing soap to solve the above problems,
폐유를 비누화반응 전 정제하는 폐유정제단계(100)를 포함할 수 있다.It may include a waste oil purification step (100) of purifying the waste oil before the saponification reaction.
채소 및 과일의 착즙고형분을 전처리하는 고형분처리단계(200)를 포함할 수 있다.It may include a solids processing step 200 of pre-processing the juice solids of vegetables and fruits.
폐유 및 착즙고형물을 포함하여 비누화반응을 통해 비누를 제조하는 비누화반응단계(300)를 포함할 수 있다.It may include a saponification reaction step 300 for producing soap through a saponification reaction including waste oil and squeezed juice solids.
상기 비누화반응단계(300)에서 착즙고형분을 포함한 액체상태로 혼합된 비누를 고형화하는 하는 보온단계(400)를 포함할 수 있다.In the saponification reaction step 300, a warming step 400 of solidifying the soap mixed in a liquid state including juice solids may be included.
상기 폐유정제단계(100)는 폐유 100중량부에 대해 규산마그네슘(3MgSiO3·5H2O) 1중량부 내지 10중량부를 첨가 혼합하여 90℃ 내지 100℃로 온도를 유지하면서 1시간 내지 3시간 동안 교반하고 식히는 것을 특징으로 할 수 있다. In the waste oil refining step 100, 1 part by weight to 10 parts by weight of magnesium silicate (3MgSiO 3 5H 2 O) is added and mixed with respect to 100 parts by weight of waste oil, and the temperature is maintained at 90 ° C to 100 ° C for 1 hour to 3 hours. It may be characterized by stirring and cooling.
상기 폐유정제단계(100)는 폐유에 포함된 불순물 및 색소를 규산마그네슘(3MgSiO3·5H2O)에 흡착시킨 후 5㎛ 내지 30㎛ 필터를 이용하여 폐유를 정제하는 것을 특징으로 할 수 있다.The waste oil purification step 100 may be characterized by purifying the waste oil using a 5 μm to 30 μm filter after adsorbing impurities and pigments contained in the waste oil to magnesium silicate (3MgSiO 3 5H 2 O).
상기 고형분처리단계(200)는 착즙고형분의 분말 크기를 0.1㎛ 내지 1㎛ 입자 크기로 분말화하는 것을 특징으로 할 수 있다.The solid content processing step 200 may be characterized in that the powder size of the juice solid content is powdered to a particle size of 0.1 μm to 1 μm.
상기 고형분처리단계(200)는 분말화한 착즙고형분을 100% 에탄올(EtOH) 90 내지 99중량부 및 헥산디올 1 내지 10 중량부를 혼합한 용액에 침지한 후 1 내지 2시간 교반한 후 압착하는 것을 특징으로 할 수 있다.In the solid content treatment step 200, the powdered juice solid content is immersed in a mixture of 90 to 99 parts by weight of 100% ethanol (EtOH) and 1 to 10 parts by weight of hexanediol, stirred for 1 to 2 hours, and then compressed. can be characterized.
상기 고형분처리단계(200)는 착즙고형분 및 코코넛유를 1:1 내지 1:10 중량비에 담근 후 0℃ 내지 10℃에서 1주일 냉장숙성하는 것을 특징으로 할 수 있다.The solid content treatment step 200 may be characterized in that the juice solids and coconut oil are immersed in a weight ratio of 1: 1 to 1: 10 and then aged in a refrigerator at 0 ° C to 10 ° C for 1 week.
상기 비누화반응단계(300)는 폐유정제단계(100)를 통해 정제된 폐유 70 내지 80중량부, 가성소다 5 내지 10중량부, 물 5 내지 10중량부를 혼합하여 혼합물을 생성하는 것을 특징으로 할 수 있다.The saponification reaction step 300 may be characterized in that a mixture is produced by mixing 70 to 80 parts by weight of the waste oil purified through the waste oil refining step 100, 5 to 10 parts by weight of caustic soda, and 5 to 10 parts by weight of water. there is.
상기 비누화반응단계(300)는 혼합물을 40℃ 내지 50℃에서 1시간 내지 2시간 가열한 후 액체상태의 비누 및 고형분처리단계(200)를 통해 준비된 착즙고형분을 혼합하는 것을 특징으로 할 수 있다.The saponification reaction step 300 may be characterized in that the mixture is heated at 40 ° C to 50 ° C for 1 hour to 2 hours, and then the liquid soap and the juice solid prepared through the solid treatment step 200 are mixed.
이때, 폐유정제단계(100)를 통해 정제된 폐유 100중량부를 기준으로 고형분처리단계(200)를 통해 준비된 착즙고형분 10중량부를 혼합하는 것을 특징으로 할 수 있다.At this time, based on 100 parts by weight of the waste oil refined through the waste oil refining step (100), 10 parts by weight of the juice solids prepared through the solids treatment step (200) may be mixed.
상기 보온단계(400)는 상기 비누화반응단계(300)를 통해 제조된 비누를 35℃ 내지 45℃ 에서 12시간 내지 24시간 보온하여 비누화 반응을 완료하는 것을 특징으로 할 수 있다.The warming step 400 may be characterized in that the saponification reaction is completed by keeping the soap prepared through the saponification reaction step 300 warmed at 35 ° C to 45 ° C for 12 to 24 hours.
본 발명에 의해, 비누를 제조하기 위해 폐유를 사용하게 되므로, 비누의 제조 원료로서 사용되는 식물성오일 등을 수득하기 위한 벌목행위를 감소시켜 자연환경훼손을 완화시켜 환경보전적 생산의 효과가 있다.According to the present invention, since waste oil is used to produce soap, there is an effect of environmental conservation production by mitigating damage to the natural environment by reducing logging activities to obtain vegetable oil, etc. used as a raw material for soap production.
또한, 수질오염 및 토양오염의 원인 중 하나인 폐유를 사용하므로서 수질오염 및 토양오염을 완화시키는 효과가 있다.In addition, by using waste oil, which is one of the causes of water pollution and soil pollution, there is an effect of mitigating water pollution and soil pollution.
또한, 채소쥬스나 과일쥬스의 부산물인 착즙고형분을 재활용하여 쓰레기를 감소시키는 환경보전적 효과가 있다.In addition, there is an environmental preservation effect of reducing waste by recycling juice solids, which are by-products of vegetable juice or fruit juice.
또한, 본 발명은 폐유에 포함된 불순물을 정제 및 여과 후 비누를 제조하게 되므로 폐유를 이용하여 제조한 비누에서 발생할 수 있는 특유의 향취. 색상 그리고 비누의 비균질성 및 빠른 산패와 같은 문제점을 방지함으로써 폐유를 이용하여 제조 시 발생될 수 있는 비누의 단점을 보완할 수 있다.In addition, since the present invention manufactures soap after purifying and filtering impurities contained in waste oil, the unique fragrance that can occur in soap manufactured using waste oil. It is possible to compensate for the disadvantages of soap that may occur when manufacturing using waste oil by preventing problems such as color, non-homogeneity of soap, and rapid rancidity.
또한, 본 발명은 폐유를 이용하더라도 비누 제조시 산가가 감소되는 효과가 있다.In addition, the present invention has an effect of reducing the acid value during soap production even when using waste oil.
또한, 본 발명은 채소쥬스나 과일쥬스의 부산물인 착즙고형분을 사용하기 때문에 생 채소 및 과일을 비누에 사용시 발생할 수 있는 수분제거의 단계를 줄이고 가열처리나 화학적 용매의 사용없이 압착에 의한 생 채소 및 과일의 고형분을 비누에 사용함으로써 비누의 기능성을 향상시키고, 착즙고형분에 포함된 분해효소 및 섬유질 등을 통해 비누를 사용한 후 발생하는 오염수에 대한 분해를 향상시키는 효과가 있다.In addition, since the present invention uses squeezed juice solids, which are a by-product of vegetable juice or fruit juice, it reduces the step of water removal that may occur when raw vegetables and fruits are used in soap, and raw vegetables and fruits by compression without heat treatment or use of chemical solvents. By using fruit solids in soap, the functionality of soap is improved, and decomposition of contaminated water generated after using soap is improved through degrading enzymes and fibers contained in juice solids.
도 1은 본 발명의 비누 제조방법을 나타낸 공정도.1 is a process chart showing a soap manufacturing method of the present invention.
이하에서, 첨부된 도면을 통해 본 발명인 폐유를 이용하되, 야채 또는 과일의 착즙 후 고형분을 포함하는 비누의 제조 방법에 대해 상세히 설명하기로 한다.Hereinafter, a method for producing a soap containing solids after juice of vegetables or fruits using the waste oil of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
본 발명에서 언급되는 폐유는 주로 식용으로 사용 후 발생한 기름을 의미하지만, 공업용, 연료용, 식용 등의 다양한 목적으로 사용 후 발생한 기름을 의미하는 것으로서 특별히 범위를 한정하는 것은 아니다.The waste oil referred to in the present invention mainly refers to oil generated after use for food, but does not specifically limit the scope as it refers to oil generated after use for various purposes such as industrial, fuel, and food.
본 발명의 제조 방법은, 폐유정제단계(100), 고형분처리단계(200) 및 비누화반응단계(300)를 포함한다.The production method of the present invention includes a waste oil purification step (100), a solid content treatment step (200), and a saponification reaction step (300).
또한, 본 발명은 추가적으로 보온단계(400)를 더 포함할 수 있다.In addition, the present invention may further include a warming step 400 additionally.
상기 폐유정제단계(100)에서는 폐유의 유리지방산(free fatty acid)을 제거하여 색상 및 탁도를 향상시키면서, 폐유의 잡내를 제거하게 되며, 고형분처리단계(200)는 채소 및 과일을 이용해 쥬스 등을 만들기 위해 착즙 후 남은 착즙고형분의 부패방지를 위해 착즙고형분 사이의 공극을 수분 대신 알코올로 치환하는 과정이며, 비누화반응단계(300)는 상기 폐유정제단계를 통한 폐유 및 고형분처리단계(200)를 통해 처리된 착즙고형분을 혼합하여 비누화 반응을 통해 비누를 제조하는 과정이며, 보온단계(400)는 비누화반응단계를 완료하면서 제조된 비누를 고형화 시키는 과정이다.In the waste oil refining step 100, free fatty acids of the waste oil are removed to improve the color and turbidity, while removing the waste oil, and the solid content processing step 200 uses vegetables and fruits to make juice, etc. In order to prevent spoilage of the juice solids remaining after juice extraction, the gap between the juice solids is replaced with alcohol instead of water, and the saponification reaction step (300) is performed through the waste oil and solids treatment step (200) through the waste oil purification step It is a process of preparing soap through a saponification reaction by mixing the treated juice solids, and the warming step 400 is a process of solidifying the manufactured soap while completing the saponification reaction step.
이하에서는 폐유를 이용하고, 채소 또는 과일을 착즙 후 남은 고형분을 이용하여 비누를 제조하는 방법에 대해 상세히 설명한다.Hereinafter, a method for producing soap using waste oil and remaining solids after vegetable or fruit juice will be described in detail.
비누를 제조하는 방법은 크게 MP비누(녹여붓기), CP비누(cold process, 저온숙성비누) 및 HP비누(hot rocess, 고온숙성비누) 세가지 방법으로 알려져 있는데, 본 발명에서는 CP비누(cold process, 저온숙성비누)로 설명한다.Methods for producing soap are largely known as MP soap (melting and pouring), CP soap (cold process, low-temperature aging soap), and HP soap (hot process, high-temperature aging soap). In the present invention, CP soap (cold process, low-temperature aging soap).
1. 폐유정제단계(100)1. Waste oil purification step (100)
폐유정제단계(100)에서는 폐유의 유리지방산(free fatty acid)을 제거하여 색상 및 탁도를 향상시키면서, 폐유의 잡내를 제거하기 위한 과정이다.The waste oil refining step 100 is a process for removing waste oil from the waste oil while improving the color and turbidity by removing the free fatty acid of the waste oil.
재활용 기름(폐유)를 사용하여 비누를 제조할 때 사용자에게 가장 거부감이 드는 것이 색도 및 냄새이다. 따라서, 적극적으로 폐유를 이용한 비누를 사용하기 위해서는 이러한 불순물을 제거하는 것이 유리하다.When soap is manufactured using recycled oil (waste oil), color and odor are the most objectionable to users. Therefore, in order to actively use soap using waste oil, it is advantageous to remove these impurities.
(1) 사용되고 수집된 폐유 100중량부에 대해 규산마그네슘(3MgSiO3·5H2O) 1중량부 내지 10중량부를 첨가 혼합하여 90℃ 내지 100℃로 끓이면서 1시간 내지 3시간 동안 90℃ 내지 100℃를 유지하면서 교반한 후 식힌다.(1) 1 part by weight to 10 parts by weight of magnesium silicate (3MgSiO 3 5H 2 O) is added and mixed with respect to 100 parts by weight of used and collected waste oil, and boiled at 90 ° C to 100 ° C while boiling at 90 ° C to 100 ° C for 1 hour to 3 hours. While stirring, cool.
식용 또는 공업용 등으로 사용 후 얻은 폐유에는 유리지방산(free fatty acid) 또는 벤조필렌 등과 같은 여러 가지 불순물 등이 포함되는데, 이러한 불순물 등이 포함되면 색도를 탁하게 하거나 폐유에 대한 냄새를 발생시키는 원인이 될 수 있다.Waste oil obtained after use for food or industrial purposes contains various impurities such as free fatty acid or benzophyllene, etc. If these impurities are included, it may cause turbidity of color or odor of waste oil. can
본 발명에서는 색도를 향상시키고 폐유로부터 발생하는 냄새를 제거하기 위해 규산마그네슘을 통해 폐유를 비누로 만들기 전 단계로서 정제한다.In the present invention, waste oil is purified as a step before making soap through magnesium silicate in order to improve color and remove odors generated from waste oil.
규산마그네슘은 입자의 공극의 크기가 8㎚정도인데, 폐유와 혼합하여 고온에서 끓이게 되면 유리지방산(free fatty acid) 및 벤조필렌 등의 불순물 및 색소를 월등히 흡착하는 효과가 있다.Magnesium silicate has a particle pore size of about 8 nm, and when mixed with waste oil and boiled at a high temperature, it has an excellent effect of adsorbing impurities and pigments such as free fatty acid and benzopyrene.
또한, 유리지방산(free fatty acid) 및 벤조필렌으로부터 발생하는 냄새 및 잡내를 제거하여 완화시킬 수 있다.In addition, odors and miscellaneous odors generated from free fatty acid and benzophyllene can be removed and alleviated.
(2) 상기 불순물 및 색소를 흡착시킨 후 5㎛ 내지 30㎛ 필터를 이용하여 폐유만을 걸러낸다.(2) After adsorbing the impurities and pigments, only the waste oil is filtered out using a 5 μm to 30 μm filter.
폐유정제단계(100)에서의 폐유는 pH 1 이하의 산도인 폐유에도 적용이 가능하다.The waste oil in the waste oil refining step 100 can also be applied to waste oil having an acidity of pH 1 or less.
특히, 식용유로서 육류를 튀긴 후 폐유는 산도가 증가(산성화)되는데, 흡착을 통해 불순물 및 색소를 제거하면 비누화반응시에도 유리하며, 유리지방산에 의한 냄새제거 효과가 뛰어나게 된다.In particular, after frying meat as cooking oil, waste oil has an increased acidity (acidification), and removing impurities and pigments through adsorption is advantageous during the saponification reaction, and the odor removal effect by free fatty acids is excellent.
2. 고형분처리단계(200)2. Solid content processing step (200)
고형분처리단계(200)는 채소 또는 과일을 착즙과정을 통해 쥬스 등과 같은 다양한 가공식품을 만들고 남는 착즙 후 고형분(착즙고형분)의 부패방지를 위해 착즙고형분 사이의 공극을 수분 대신 알코올로 치환하는 과정이다.The solids treatment step 200 is a process of making various processed foods such as juice through a juice extraction process of vegetables or fruits, and replacing the voids between the juiced solids with alcohol instead of water to prevent spoilage of the remaining juiced solids (squeezed solids). .
본 발명에서는 폐유를 이용하여 비누화반응에 의한 비누를 제조하면서 폐유의 사용으로 인한 냄새를 제거하기 위해 1차적으로 폐유정제단계(100)에서 냄새의 원인이 되는 불순물을 제거하고, 2차적으로 채소 또는 과일의 분말로서 착즙고형분을 포함하여 냄새를 중화시키는 효과가 있다.In the present invention, in order to remove the odor caused by the use of waste oil while preparing soap by saponification using waste oil, impurities that cause odor are firstly removed in the waste oil refining step (100), and secondarily vegetables or As a powder of fruit, it has the effect of neutralizing odor by including juice solids.
본 발명의 채소 또는 과일의 착즙고형분은 채소 또는 과일을 쥬스 또는 농축액 등으로 이용하기 위해 착즙 후 남은 고형분 (착즙고형분)을 이용한다.The juice solid content of the vegetable or fruit of the present invention uses the solid content (juice solid content) remaining after juice extraction in order to use the vegetable or fruit as juice or concentrate.
따라서, 착즙 후 남은 착즙고형분을 이용하면, 착즙고형분이 그대로 버려지게 되는 경우에 비해 환경보전적인 장점이 있다.Therefore, when using the juice solids remaining after juice extraction, there is an advantage in environmental conservation compared to the case where the juice solids are discarded as they are.
한편, 채소 또는 과일에는 다양한 방향성 물질 또는 효소, 단백질 또는 비타민 전구물질 등이 포함되어 있는데, 이러한 성분들은 열변성에 의해 변질되지 않는 한 착즙 후 분말인 착즙고형분에도 존재한다.On the other hand, vegetables or fruits contain various aromatic substances or enzymes, proteins or vitamin precursors, etc., and these components are present in the juice solids, which are powder after juice extraction, unless they are altered by heat denaturation.
이러한 특성을 이용하여 채소 또는 과일을 분말화하여 팩으로도 이용하게 되는 것이다.Using these characteristics, vegetables or fruits are powdered and used as a pack.
따라서, 본 발명에서는 채소 또는 과일에 포함된 다양한 방향성 물질 또는 효소, 단백질 또는 비타민 전구물질 등을 그대로 이용하기 위해 착즙 후 분말인 착즙고형분을 포함하여 비누화반응을 실시한다.Therefore, in the present invention, in order to use various aromatic substances or enzymes, proteins, or vitamin precursors contained in vegetables or fruits as they are, a saponification reaction is performed including the juice solids, which are powdered after juice extraction.
이와 같이 채소 또는 과일의 착즙고형분을 포함하면 폐유를 이용한 비누에 대하여 또 다른 합성물질을 포함시키지 않더라도 냄새의 중화가 가능하며, 채소 또는 과일에 포함된 유용한 효소나 비타민의 전구물질 등을 피부에 흡수시킬 수 있게 되며, 특이할만한 것은 착즙고형분을 포함한 폐유를 이용해 제조한 비누를 통해 세안 후 발생하는 비눗물 분해에도 도움이 되는 것을 확인하였다.In this way, if the juice solids of vegetables or fruits are included, it is possible to neutralize the smell even if another synthetic substance is not included in the soap using waste oil, and useful enzymes or vitamin precursors contained in vegetables or fruits are absorbed into the skin. It is possible to do this, and what is noteworthy is that it was confirmed that the soap produced using waste oil containing juice solids is helpful in decomposing soapy water generated after washing the face.
상기 채소는 케일, 시금치, 당근, 샐러리, 흑마늘, 양배추, 브로콜리, 파슬리, 오이, 생강 등과 같이 채소 농축액 또는 채소 쥬스 등에 사용하고 남는 채소의 착즙고형분을 하나 이상 포함할 수 있다.The vegetables may include at least one squeezed solids of vegetables remaining after use in vegetable concentrate or vegetable juice, such as kale, spinach, carrots, celery, black garlic, cabbage, broccoli, parsley, cucumber, ginger, etc.
상기 과일은 사과, 토마토, 베리, 석류, 체리, 수박, 배, 오렌지, 자몽, 딸기, 파인애플, 멜론, 파파야, 포도 등과 같이 과일 농축액 또는 과일 쥬스 등에 사용하고 남는 과일의 착즙고형분을 하나 이상 포함할 수 있다.The fruit may include one or more of the juice solids of fruits remaining after use in fruit concentrate or fruit juice, such as apples, tomatoes, berries, pomegranates, cherries, watermelons, pears, oranges, grapefruits, strawberries, pineapples, melons, papayas, grapes, etc. can
상기 착즙고형분은 분말 크기를 0.1㎛ 내지 1㎛ 입자 크기로 분말화한다. The juice solids are powdered to a particle size of 0.1 μm to 1 μm.
한편, 채소 또는 과일의 착즙 후 발생하는 분말인 착즙고형분에는 수분이 포함되어 있는 바, 착즙고형분의 부패방지 및 효소 등의 분해방지 등을 위해 착즙고형분간의 공극을 수분 대신 알코올로 치환한다.On the other hand, since the juice solids, which are powder generated after juice of vegetables or fruits, contain water, voids between the juice solids are replaced with alcohol instead of water to prevent spoilage of the juice solids and decomposition of enzymes.
(1) 착즙고형분을 100% 에탄올(EtOH) 90 내지 99중량부 및 헥산디올 1 내지 10중량부를 혼합한 용액에 담근 후 1시간 내지 2시간 교반한 후 압착한다(1) The juice solids are immersed in a mixture of 90 to 99 parts by weight of 100% ethanol (EtOH) and 1 to 10 parts by weight of hexanediol, stirred for 1 to 2 hours, and then compressed.
(2) 상기 착즙고형분 및 코코넛유를 1:1 내지 1:10 중량비에 담근 후 0℃ 내지 10℃에서 3일 내지 7일 정도 냉장숙성한다.(2) The juice solids and coconut oil are immersed in a weight ratio of 1: 1 to 1: 10, and then aged in a refrigerator at 0 ° C to 10 ° C for 3 to 7 days.
상기 알콜처리된 착즙고형분을 코코넛유와 같은 오일에 침지함으로써 수분으로 인한 착즙고형분의 세균번식을 막고 오일로 착즙고형분에 지용성성분을 침지하여 비누의 원료로 사용하기 위해 비누의 기능을 강화시킬 수 있게 된다.By immersing the alcohol-treated juice solids in oil such as coconut oil, bacterial propagation of the juice solids due to moisture is prevented and fat-soluble components are immersed in the juice solids with oil to enhance the function of soap for use as a raw material for soap. do.
상기 착즙고형분은 착즙 후 1일 이내인 것이 채소 또는 과일의 착즙고형분에 포함된 효소 또는 단백질 등의 산화방지를 위해 바람직하지만, 건조상태에서 보관된 착즙고형분은 3일 정도까지 보관된 것도 사용가능하다.The juice solid content is preferably within 1 day after juice extraction to prevent oxidation of enzymes or proteins contained in the juice solid content of vegetables or fruits, but the juice solid content stored in a dry state can be used for up to 3 days. .
3. 3. 비누화반응단계Saponification reaction step (300)(300)
비누화반응단계(300)는 상기 폐유정제단계(100)를 통한 폐유 및 고형분처리단계(200)를 통해 처리된 착즙고형분을 혼합하여 비누화 반응을 통해 비누를 제조하는 과정이다.The saponification reaction step 300 is a process of preparing soap through a saponification reaction by mixing the waste oil through the waste oil purification step 100 and the juice solids treated through the solids treatment step 200.
일반적인 가장 단순화한 비누화반응은 소수성인 폐유 및 가성소다(NaOH)를 혼합한 후 가열하여 비누(염)을 생성한 다음 냉각하여 비누를 완성하게 된다.In the most simplified saponification reaction, hydrophobic waste oil and caustic soda (NaOH) are mixed, heated to produce soap (salt), and then cooled to complete the soap.
(1) 폐유정제단계(100)를 통해 정제된 폐유 70 내지 80중량부, 가성소다 5 내지 10중량부, 물 5 내지 10중량부를 혼합하여 혼합물을 형성한다.(1) 70 to 80 parts by weight of the waste oil refined through the waste oil refining step 100, 5 to 10 parts by weight of caustic soda, and 5 to 10 parts by weight of water are mixed to form a mixture.
(2) 상기 혼합물을 40℃ 내지 50℃에서 교반한다.(2) The mixture is stirred at 40°C to 50°C.
이때, 반응시간은 반응물의 양 및 가열온도에 따라 달라질 수 있지만, 혼합물을 1시간 내지 2시간 가열한 후 염을 생성하다가 혼합물의 온도가 상승하여 액체상태가 되면 비누화반응이 완성된 상태이다.At this time, the reaction time may vary depending on the amount of the reactant and the heating temperature, but after heating the mixture for 1 to 2 hours to form a salt, the temperature of the mixture rises and becomes a liquid state, the saponification reaction is completed.
(3) 상기 비누화반응이 끝난 액체상태의 비누 및 고형분처리단계(200)를 통해 준비된 착즙고형분을 혼합한다.(3) The liquid soap after the saponification reaction and the juice solids prepared through the solids treatment step (200) are mixed.
이때, 폐유정제단계(100)를 통해 정제된 폐유 100중량부를 기준으로 고형분처리단계(200)를 통해 준비된 착즙고형분 10중량부를 잘 혼합한다.At this time, based on 100 parts by weight of the waste oil purified through the waste oil refining step (100), 10 parts by weight of the juice solids prepared through the solids treatment step (200) are mixed well.
이때, 착즙고형분을 포함한 비누는 고형화에 유리하고, 폐유를 이용하여 비누를 제조했을 때 단점인 비누가 물러지는 문제점을 극복할 수 있다.At this time, soap containing juice solids is advantageous for solidification, and it is possible to overcome the problem of soap softening, which is a disadvantage when soap is produced using waste oil.
한편, 채소 또는 과일에는 다양한 방향성 물질 또는 효소, 단백질 또는 비타민 전구물질 등이 포함되어 있는데, 이러한 성분들은 열변성에 의해 변질되지 않는 한 착즙 후 분말인 착즙고형분에도 존재한다.On the other hand, vegetables or fruits contain various aromatic substances or enzymes, proteins or vitamin precursors, etc., and these components are present in the juice solids, which are powder after juice extraction, unless they are altered by heat denaturation.
이러한 특성을 이용하여 채소 또는 과일을 분말화하여 팩으로도 이용하게 되는 것과 마찬가지로 본 발명에서는 채소 또는 과일에 포함된 다양한 방향성 물질 또는 효소, 단백질 또는 비타민 전구물질 등을 이용할 수 있는 장점이 있다.Just as vegetables or fruits are powdered and used as a pack using these characteristics, the present invention has the advantage of using various aromatic substances or enzymes, proteins or vitamin precursors contained in vegetables or fruits.
4. 보온단계(400)4. Warming step (400)
보온단계(400)는 상기 비누화반응단계(300)를 통해 제조된 비누의 비누화 반응을 완료시키는 과정이다The warming step 400 is a process of completing the saponification reaction of the soap prepared through the saponification reaction step 300.
보온조건은 비누화반응단계(300)에서 착즙고형분을 포함한 액체상태로 혼합된 비누를 35℃ 내지 45℃ 에서 12시간 내지 24시간 보온하여 비누화 반응을 완료하는 것을 특징으로 할 수 있다.The keeping condition may be characterized in that the soap mixed in a liquid state including squeezed juice solids in the saponification reaction step 300 is kept warm at 35 ° C to 45 ° C for 12 to 24 hours to complete the saponification reaction.
이러한, 보온단계를 통해 딱딱한 상태로 경화된다.Through this, the warming step, it is hardened into a hard state.
이하에서는, 본 발명에 따른 사용한 폐유을 이용하고 채소나 과일을 착즙 후 발생하는 분말인 착즙고형분을 포함한 비누 제조방법의 실시예에 대해 설명하기로 한다.Hereinafter, an embodiment of a soap manufacturing method including juice solids, which is a powder generated after juice of vegetables or fruits using used waste oil according to the present invention, will be described.
<< 실시예Example 1> 1>
실시예 1은 상기 설명에서와 같이 폐유정제단계(100), 고형분처리단계(200), 비누화반응단계(300) 및 냉각단계(400)를 통해 비누를 제조한다.Example 1 produces soap through the waste oil refining step (100), the solid content treatment step (200), the saponification reaction step (300) and the cooling step (400) as described above.
(1) 폐유정제단계(100)(1) Waste oil refining step (100)
폐유 100중량부에 대해 규산마그네슘(3MgSiO3·5H2O) 1중량부 내지 10중량부를 첨가 혼합하여 90℃로 온도를 유지하면서 2시간 동안 교반한 후 식힌다.1 to 10 parts by weight of magnesium silicate (3MgSiO 3 5H 2 O) is added and mixed with respect to 100 parts by weight of waste oil, stirred for 2 hours while maintaining the temperature at 90 ° C, and then cooled.
상기 불순물 및 색소를 흡착시킨 후 5㎛ 내지 30㎛ 필터를 이용하여 폐유만을 걸러낸다.After adsorbing the impurities and pigments, only the waste oil is filtered out using a 5 μm to 30 μm filter.
(2) 고형분처리단계(200)(2) Solid content processing step (200)
채소 또는 과일 쥬스에 사용하고 발생한 채소 또는 과일의 착즙고형분을 건조한 후 1㎛ 크기로 분말화한다. 본 발명의 실시예에서는 채소로서 케일, 시금치, 당근, 샐러리를 포함하고, 과일로서 사과, 토마토를 사용하였다.It is used for vegetable or fruit juice, and the juice solids of the resulting vegetable or fruit are dried and powdered to a size of 1㎛. In the embodiment of the present invention, kale, spinach, carrots, and celery were used as vegetables, and apples and tomatoes were used as fruits.
상기 착즙고형분을 100% 에탄올(EtOH) 90중량부 및 헥산디올 10중량부를 혼합액에 담근 후 2시간 동안 교반 후 압착한 다음 착즙고형분100중량부 및 코코넛유 100중량부로 혼합한 후 4℃에서 7일 정도 냉장숙성한다.The juice solids were immersed in 90 parts by weight of 100% ethanol (EtOH) and 10 parts by weight of hexanediol in the mixed solution, stirred for 2 hours, then compressed, mixed with 100 parts by weight of juice solids and 100 parts by weight of coconut oil, and then kept at 4 ° C for 7 days. Refrigerate to maturity.
(3) 비누화반응단계(300)(3) Saponification reaction step (300)
폐유정제단계(100)를 통해 정제된 폐유 70중량부, 가성소다 5중량부, 물 5중량부를 혼합한 혼합물을 45℃로 유지하면서 2시간동안 교반하여 반응시킨 후 폐유 100중량부를 기준으로 준비된 착즙고형분 10중량부를 잘 혼합한다.A mixture of 70 parts by weight of waste oil purified through the waste oil refining step 100, 5 parts by weight of caustic soda, and 5 parts by weight of water was reacted by stirring for 2 hours while maintaining at 45 ° C, followed by a juice prepared based on 100 parts by weight of waste oil. 10 parts by weight of the solid content is well mixed.
(4) 보온단계(400)(4) warming step (400)
상기 비누화반응단계(300)에서 착즙고형분을 포함한 액체상태로 혼합된 비누 를 40℃에서 24시간 동안 보온함으로써 고체의 비누를 얻는다.In the saponification reaction step 300, solid soap is obtained by keeping the soap mixed in a liquid state including the juice solids at 40 ° C. for 24 hours.
<< 비교예comparative example 1> 1>
비교예 1은 상기 폐유정제단계(100)를 실시하지 않고, 폐유 그대로 사용하였을 때 색도 및 냄새에 대한 차이점 및 사용 후 비누분해능을 확인하기 위해 고형분처리단계(200), 비누화반응단계(300) 및 보온단계(400)를 통해 비누를 제조한다.In Comparative Example 1, the solid content treatment step (200), saponification reaction step (300) and Soap is prepared through the warming step (400).
(1) 고형분처리단계(200)(1) Solid content processing step (200)
채소 또는 과일 쥬스에 사용하고 발생한 채소 또는 과일의 착즙고형분을 건조한 후 1㎛ 크기로 분말화한다. 본 발명의 실시예에서는 채소로서 케일, 시금치, 당근, 샐러리를 포함하고, 과일로서 사과, 토마토를 사용하였다.It is used for vegetable or fruit juice, and the juice solids of the resulting vegetable or fruit are dried and powdered to a size of 1㎛. In the embodiment of the present invention, kale, spinach, carrots, and celery were used as vegetables, and apples and tomatoes were used as fruits.
상기 착즙고형분을 100% 에탄올(EtOH) 90중량부 및 헥산디올 10중량부를 혼합액에 담근 후 2시간 동안 교반 후 압착한 다음 착즙고형분 100중량부 및 코코넛유 100중량부로 혼합한 후 4℃에서 7일 정도 냉장숙성한다.The juice solids were immersed in 90 parts by weight of 100% ethanol (EtOH) and 10 parts by weight of hexanediol in the mixed solution, stirred for 2 hours, then compressed, mixed with 100 parts by weight of juice solids and 100 parts by weight of coconut oil, and then kept at 4 ° C for 7 days. Refrigerate to maturity.
(2) 비누화반응단계(300)(2) Saponification reaction step (300)
사용하고 남은 폐유 70중량부, 가성소다 5중량부, 물 5중량부를 혼합한 혼합물을 45℃로 유지하면서 2시간동안 교반하여 반응시킨 후 폐유 100중량부를 기준으로 준비된 착즙고형분 10중량부를 잘 혼합한다.A mixture of 70 parts by weight of used waste oil, 5 parts by weight of caustic soda, and 5 parts by weight of water is stirred and reacted for 2 hours while maintaining at 45 ° C. Then, 10 parts by weight of prepared juice solids based on 100 parts by weight of waste oil are mixed well. .
(3) 보온단계(400)(3) Warming step (400)
상기 비누화반응단계(300)에서 착즙고형분을 포함한 액체상태로 혼합된 비누 를 40℃에서 24시간 동안 보온함으로써 고체의 비누를 얻는다.In the saponification reaction step 300, solid soap is obtained by keeping the soap mixed in a liquid state including the juice solids at 40 ° C. for 24 hours.
<< 비교예comparative example 2> 2>
비교예 2는 상기 착즙고형분에 대한 고형분처리단계(200)에서의 수분 치환단계를 실시하지 않고, 착즙고형분을 건조하여 분말화 한 후 비누화반응단계(300)에서 사용하였을 때의 균일성 및 사용시의 차이점을 확인하기 위해 폐유정제단계(100), 비누화반응단계(300) 및 냉각단계(400)를 통해 비누를 제조한다.In Comparative Example 2, without performing the water replacement step in the solid content treatment step 200 for the juice solid content, the juice solid content was dried and powdered, and then used in the saponification reaction step 300. Uniformity and time of use In order to confirm the difference, soap is prepared through a waste oil refining step (100), a saponification reaction step (300), and a cooling step (400).
(1) 폐유정제단계(100)(1) Waste oil refining step (100)
폐유 100중량부에 대해 규산마그네슘(3MgSiO3·5H2O) 1중량부 내지 10중량부를 첨가 혼합하여 90℃에서 온도를 유지하면서 2시간 동안 교반한 후 식힌다.1 to 10 parts by weight of magnesium silicate (3MgSiO 3 5H 2 O) is added and mixed to 100 parts by weight of waste oil, stirred for 2 hours while maintaining the temperature at 90 ° C, and then cooled.
상기 불순물 및 색소를 흡착시킨 후 5㎛ 내지 30㎛ 필터를 이용하여 폐유만을 걸러낸다.After adsorbing the impurities and pigments, only the waste oil is filtered out using a 5 μm to 30 μm filter.
(2) 고형분처리단계(200)(2) Solid content processing step (200)
채소 또는 과일 쥬스에 사용하고 발생한 채소 또는 과일의 착즙고형분을 아무런 처리 없이 사용한다. 본 발명의 실시예에서는 채소로서 케일, 시금치, 당근, 샐러리를 포함하고, 과일로서 사과, 토마토를 사용하였다.It is used for vegetable or fruit juice, and the resulting vegetable or fruit juice solids are used without any treatment. In the embodiment of the present invention, kale, spinach, carrots, and celery were used as vegetables, and apples and tomatoes were used as fruits.
(3) 비누화반응단계(300)(3) Saponification reaction step (300)
폐유정제단계(100)를 통해 정제된 폐유 70중량부, 가성소다 5중량부, 물 5중량부를 혼합한 혼합물을 45℃로 유지하면서 2시간동안 교반하여 반응시킨 후 폐유 100중량부를 기준으로 준비된 착즙고형분 10중량부를 잘 혼합한다.A mixture of 70 parts by weight of waste oil purified through the waste oil refining step 100, 5 parts by weight of caustic soda, and 5 parts by weight of water was reacted by stirring for 2 hours while maintaining at 45 ° C, followed by a juice prepared based on 100 parts by weight of waste oil. 10 parts by weight of the solid content is well mixed.
(4) 보온단계(400)(4) warming step (400)
상기 비누화반응단계(300)에서 착즙고형분을 포함한 액체상태로 혼합된 비누 를 40℃에서 24시간 동안 보온함으로써 고체의 비누를 얻는다.In the saponification reaction step 300, solid soap is obtained by keeping the soap mixed in a liquid state including the juice solids at 40 ° C. for 24 hours.
이하에서는 실시예 및 비교예에 따른 실험예를 통해 비교 설명하기로 한다.Hereinafter, comparison will be made through experimental examples according to Examples and Comparative Examples.
<실험예 1> 색도에 관한 관능실험 1<Experimental Example 1> Sensory experiment 1 on chromaticity
상기 실시예 및 비교예들에 따라 제조된 비누의 색깔에 대해 관능검사를 실시하여 비교하였다.A sensory test was performed on the color of the soaps prepared according to the above Examples and Comparative Examples and compared.
관능검사는 상기 실시예 및 비교예들의 제조방법에 의해 제조되고 1시간 이내의 것을 대상으로 하였으며, 비누에 대한 색도(또는 탁도)의 선호도를 확인하기 위해 매우 좋다, 좋다, 보통이다, 나쁘다, 매우 나쁘다 5가지로 분류하여 연령이나 성별 구분없이 20명을 대상으로 평가하였다.The sensory test was prepared by the manufacturing method of the above Examples and Comparative Examples and was subject to within 1 hour, and to confirm the preference of color (or turbidity) for soap, very good, good, normal, bad, very It was classified into 5 categories and evaluated on 20 people regardless of age or gender.
상기한 관능검사 결과 제조된지 1시간 이내의 비누에 대한 색도의 관능평가에서 비교예 1은 비누의 색상에 대한 선호도가 매우 떨어지는 것으로 평가되었다.As a result of the above sensory test, in the sensory evaluation of the color of the soap within 1 hour of manufacture, Comparative Example 1 was evaluated to have very low preference for the color of the soap.
이는 폐유 이용시 내재된 문제점에서 기인한 것으로 보이며, 폐유정제단계(100)를 실시한 실시예 1 및 비교예 2는 양호한 결과를 보여주면서도 착즙고형분에 대한 수분을 완전히 제거하지 않은 비교예 2에서 색도에 대한 선호도가 실시예 1에 비하여 떨어지는 것을 확인할 수 있는 바, 이는 비누 자체의 색도 뿐만 아니라 비누화반응시 혼합되는 착즙고형분의 혼합시 균일정도가 다르기 때문이라 추측된다.This seems to be due to problems inherent in using waste oil, and Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, which performed the waste oil purification step (100), showed good results, but in Comparative Example 2, which did not completely remove moisture from the juice solids, It can be confirmed that the preference is lower than that of Example 1, which is presumed to be due to the different uniformity of the juice solids mixed during the saponification reaction as well as the color of the soap itself.
<실험예 2> 냄새에 관한 관능실험 2<Experimental Example 2> Sensory experiment 2 on smell
상기 실시예 및 비교예들에 따라 제조된 비누의 냄새에 대해 관능검사를 실시하여 비교하였다.A sensory test was performed on the odors of the soaps prepared according to the above Examples and Comparative Examples and compared.
관능검사는 상기 실시예 및 비교예들의 제조방법에 의해 제조되고 1주일 이내의 비누를 대상으로 하였으며, 비누에 대한 냄새의 선호도를 확인하기 위해 매우 좋다, 좋다, 보통이다, 나쁘다, 매우 나쁘다 5가지로 분류하여 연령이나 성별 구분없이 20명을 대상으로 평가하였다.In the sensory test, soaps produced by the manufacturing methods of the above Examples and Comparative Examples and within 1 week were targeted, and five types of smells were very good, good, normal, bad, and very bad to confirm the preference for the smell of soap. , and evaluated 20 people regardless of age or gender.
상기 비누에 대한 관능검사결과 제조된지 1주일 이내의 비누에 대한 냄새의 관능평가에서 비교예 1은 비누의 색상에 대한 선호도가 매우 떨어지는 것으로 평가되었다. 이는 폐유를 이용하여 비누를 제조할 때 발생하는 근본적인 문제인 것으로 보이며, 폐유정제단계(100)를 실시한 실시예 1 및 비교예 2는 비교적 폐유를 이용하여 제조한 비누에 대해 1주일이 경과하여도 냄새에 대해 양호한 결과를 보여주면서도 착즙고형분에 대한 수분을 완전히 제거하지 않은 비교예 2에서도 냄새에 대한 선호도가 실시예 1과 비슷한 결과인 것으로 확인하여 색도의 차이점과 냄새의 차이점에 대해서는 미세한 차이가 있는 것으로 확인할 수 있었다.As a result of the sensory test for the soap, in the sensory evaluation of the smell of the soap within one week of manufacture, Comparative Example 1 was evaluated to have very low preference for the color of the soap. This seems to be a fundamental problem that occurs when soap is produced using waste oil, and Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, in which the waste oil purification step (100) was performed, are relatively odorous even after one week has elapsed for the soap produced using waste oil. Even in Comparative Example 2, which showed good results and did not completely remove moisture from the juice solids, it was confirmed that the preference for odor was similar to that of Example 1, and there was a slight difference in the difference in color and smell. I was able to confirm.
<실험예 3> 비누입자에 대한 균일성 정도<Experimental Example 3> Degree of uniformity for soap particles
상기 실시예 및 비교예들에 따라 제조된 비누에 대해 균일성 정도를 육안으로 확인하여 비교하였다.The degree of uniformity of the soaps prepared according to the above Examples and Comparative Examples was visually confirmed and compared.
상기 비누의 균일성 정도는 폐유를 정제하고, 착즙고형분의 수분을 완전히 제거한 후 비누를 제조할 때(실시예 1), 폐유를 정제하지 않고, 착즙고형분의 수분을 완전히 제거한 후 비누를 제조할 때(비교예 1), 폐유를 정제하고, 착즙고형분의 수분을 완전히 제거하지 않고 건조한 착즙고형분을 통해 비누를 제조할 때(비교예 2)의 고형분 입자가 골고루 혼합되는 정도를 확인하기 위한 것이다.The degree of uniformity of the soap is when preparing soap after refining the waste oil and completely removing the moisture of the juice solids (Example 1), when preparing the soap after completely removing the moisture of the juice solids without refining the waste oil (Comparative Example 1), to confirm the degree to which the solid particles are evenly mixed when the waste oil is purified and soap is prepared from the dried juice solids without completely removing the moisture of the juice solids (Comparative Example 2).
상기 실시예 및 비교예들의 제조방법에 의해 제조된 비누 30개를 임의로 뽑아 대상으로 하였으며, 비누에 대한 착즙고형분의 혼합정도를 확인하기 위해 좋다, 보통이다, 나쁘다 3가지로 분류하여 평가하였다.Thirty soaps prepared by the manufacturing methods of the above Examples and Comparative Examples were randomly selected and evaluated by classifying them into three categories: good, normal, and bad in order to confirm the degree of mixing of juice solids for soap.
상기 실시예 및 비교예에 의해 제조된 비누들에 대해 육안으로 확인한 결과 폐유를 정제하고, 착즙고형분의 수분을 완전히 제거한 후 비누를 제조할 때(실시예 1)는 비누에 대하여 착즙고형분의 혼합정도가 뛰어나 균일성이 양호했으며, 폐유를 정제하지 않고, 착즙고형분의 수분을 완전히 제거한 후 비누를 제조할 때(비교예 1)에도 전반적으로 잘 혼합되는 것을 확인하였으나, 폐유를 정제하였지만, 착즙고형분의 수분을 완전히 제거하지 않고 단순건조한 착즙고형분을 통해 비누를 제조할 때(비교예 2)는 착즙고형분 입자가 실시예 1에 비하여 골고루 혼합되지 않아 균일성 정도가 떨어지는 현상이 발생하는 것을 확인하였다.As a result of visually checking the soaps prepared by the above Examples and Comparative Examples, when the soap was prepared after refining the waste oil and completely removing the moisture of the juice solids (Example 1), the mixing degree of the juice solids with respect to the soap It was excellent and uniformity was good, and it was confirmed that the soap was mixed well overall even when the soap was prepared after completely removing the moisture of the juice solids without refining the waste oil (Comparative Example 1). When soap was prepared using simply dried juice solids without completely removing moisture (Comparative Example 2), it was confirmed that the juice solid particles were not evenly mixed compared to Example 1, resulting in a decrease in uniformity.
<< 실험예Experimental example 4> 사용자의 비누사용시 4> When the user uses soap 촉감에 대한 비교 실험Comparative experiment on tactility
상기 실시예 및 비교예들에 따라 제조된 비누를 사용할 때의 사용촉감에 대한관능검사를 실시하여 비교하였다.A sensory test on the feeling of use when using the soaps prepared according to the above Examples and Comparative Examples was performed and compared.
관능검사는 상기 실시예 및 비교예들의 제조방법에 의해 제조되고 1주일 이내의 비누를 대상으로 하였으며, 비누사용시 촉감에 대한 선호도를 확인하기 위해 비누 사용시 이물감이 느껴지는지 여부, 비누사용시 촉감, 비누 사용시 세정효과, 세정 후 잔류감이 느껴지는지 여부 등을 고려하여 매우 좋다, 좋다, 보통이다, 나쁘다, 매우 나쁘다 5가지로 분류하여 연령이나 성별 구분없이 20명을 대상으로 평가하였다.The sensory test was prepared by the manufacturing method of the above Examples and Comparative Examples and was targeted for soap within one week. In order to confirm the preference for the touch when using soap, whether or not a foreign body feeling was felt when using soap, touch when using soap, when using soap 20 people were evaluated regardless of age or gender by classifying them into five categories: very good, good, normal, bad, and very bad, considering the cleaning effect and whether or not a residual feeling was felt after cleaning.
상기 비누에 대한 관능검사결과 제조 후 1주일 이내의 비누에 대하여 실제 사용한 후 비누 사용시 이물감이 느껴지는지 여부, 비누사용시 촉감, 비누 사용시 세정효과, 세정 후 잔류감이 느껴지는지 여부를 통해 비누 사용에 대한 선호도를 확인하였는바, 실시예 1에서는 사용시 이물감, 촉감 등에서 거부감이 없었고, 세정 효과 또는 잔류감에서도 양호한 결과를 보였다. 비교예 1에서는 비누 사용 후 잔류감이 남는다는 것으로 인한 부정적인 평가가 있었으며, 비교예 2에서는 실시예 1에 비하여 상대적으로 세정능이 떨어진다는 의견 및 사용 후 잔류감에 대한 부정적인 평가가 일부 있었다.As a result of the sensory test for the soap, whether or not a foreign body feeling is felt when using soap after actual use for soap within 1 week after manufacture, tactile feeling when using soap, cleaning effect when using soap, and whether or not residual feeling is felt after washing As a result of confirming the preference, in Example 1, there was no objection in terms of foreign matter sensation and tactile sensation during use, and good results were also shown in the cleaning effect or residual feeling. In Comparative Example 1, there was a negative evaluation due to the fact that a residual feeling remained after using the soap, and in Comparative Example 2, there were some opinions that the cleaning ability was relatively poor compared to Example 1 and some negative evaluations about the residual feeling after use.
<< 실험예Experimental example 5> 비눗물에 대한 분해능의 비교 실험 5> Comparative test of resolution for soapy water
상기 실시예 1의 제조된 폐유를 이용하여 제조한 비누 및 식물성오일 비누를 사용하고 난 후 발생하는 비눗물에 대한 분해능을 비교하여 비누를 사용하였을 때 사용 후 수질오염에 대한 오염 정도를 예측하고자 하였다.The soap prepared using the waste oil prepared in Example 1 and the vegetable oil soap were used to compare the decomposition of soapy water generated after using the soap to predict the degree of contamination of water pollution after use.
상기 식물성오일 비누는 시중에서 일반적으로 구할 수 있는 식물성오일을 원료로 제조한 식물성오일 비누이다.The vegetable oil soap is a vegetable oil soap made from vegetable oil commonly available on the market as a raw material.
본 발명에서는 비눗물에 대한 분해능력을 확인하기 위해 한국공업규격(KS-2714)에서 제시한 세제의 생분해도 측정방법으로서 용존산소 소비 측정법을 실시하였다.In the present invention, the dissolved oxygen consumption measurement method was performed as a method for measuring the biodegradability of detergents suggested by the Korean Industrial Standards (KS-2714) to confirm the decomposition ability for soapy water.
실시예 1 및 식물성오일 비누를 사용한 비눗물의 시료는 BOD 실험방법과 동일한 방법으로 비눗물을 25℃ 온도에서 각각 15ppm으로 희석하여 동일 시료병을 7개씩 준비하였다.Samples of soapy water using Example 1 and vegetable oil soap were prepared in 7 identical sample bottles by diluting the soapy water to 15 ppm each at 25 ° C. in the same manner as in the BOD test method.
폭기후 분해생물원으로 사용된 활성오니로서 활성슬러지 5ml을 첨가하였다.After aeration, 5 ml of activated sludge was added as an activated sludge used as a decomposer.
상기 과정을 통한 반응 후 일별 분해결과에 따른 값은 표 5와 같다.After the reaction through the above process, the values according to the daily decomposition results are shown in Table 5.
본 발명의 제조방법에 의한 실시예 1은 3일간의 배양시간 후 99%에 가까운 생분해도를 보였으며, 식물성오일 비누는 4일간의 배양시간 후 99%에 가까운 생분해도를 보였다.Example 1 according to the manufacturing method of the present invention showed biodegradability close to 99% after 3 days of incubation time, and vegetable oil soap showed biodegradability close to 99% after 4 days of incubation time.
따라서, 실시예 1에 의해 제조된 폐유를 이용한 비누는 식물성오일을 이용해 만든 비누와 비교할 때 수질오염을 예방할 수 있는 분해능력이 더 뛰어난 것을 확인하였고, 이를 통해 볼 때 본 발명의 제조방법에 의해 제조한 폐유를 재활용하여 만든 비누는 사용 후에도 수질오염에 대해 유리한 것을 확인할 수 있다.Therefore, it was confirmed that the soap using waste oil prepared in Example 1 had a higher decomposition ability to prevent water pollution compared to the soap made using vegetable oil, and from this, it was produced by the manufacturing method of the present invention. Soap made from recycled waste oil can be confirmed to be advantageous against water pollution even after use.
상기 설명에서와 같이, 본 발명은 폐유를 사용하여 비누를 제조하게 되므로, 비누의 제조 원료로서 사용되는 식물성오일 등을 수득하기 위한 벌목행위를 감소시켜 환경보전적 효과가 있으며, 수질오염 및 토양오염의 원인 중 하나인 폐유 자체를 사용하므로서 수질오염 및 토양오염을 경감시킬 수 있는 효과가 있으며, 합성비누에 비하여 비누 사용 후 분해능이 높아 수질오염을 줄이는 효과가 있다.As described above, since soap is produced using waste oil, the present invention has an environmental conservation effect by reducing logging to obtain vegetable oil used as a raw material for soap, water pollution and soil pollution. By using waste oil itself, which is one of the causes, it has an effect of reducing water and soil pollution, and has an effect of reducing water pollution due to its high decomposition ability after using soap compared to synthetic soap.
또한, 채소쥬스나 과일쥬스의 부산물인 착즙고형분을 재활용하여 쓰레기를 감소시키는 환경보전적 효과가 있으며, 폐유를 이용하여 제조한 비누에서 발생할 수 있는 물성약화 또는 특유의 냄새에 대한 거부감에 대해 채소 또는 과일의 착즙고형분을 이용하여 비누의 강도를 향상시키고, 폐유를 이용했을 때 발생하는 냄새를 완화시키는 효과가 있으며, 채소 또는 과일에 포함된 효소, 단백질 또는 비타민 전구물질 등을 활용할 수 있는 장점이 있다.In addition, there is an environmental preservation effect of reducing waste by recycling squeezed juice solids, a by-product of vegetable juice or fruit juice, and it is possible to reduce the physical properties of soap manufactured using waste oil or to reject the characteristic odor of vegetable or fruit juice. It has the advantage of improving the strength of soap by using juice solids from fruits, mitigating the odor generated when using waste oil, and utilizing enzymes, proteins, or vitamin precursors contained in vegetables or fruits. .
또한, 본 발명은 폐유에 포함된 불순물을 정제 및 여과 후 비누를 제조하게 되므로 차별화된 비누를 제공할 수 있는 효과가 있으며, 폐유를 이용하여 제조되는 비누의 색상 또는 탁도에 대한 거부감을 줄이는 효과가 있다.In addition, the present invention has an effect of providing a differentiated soap because soap is produced after purifying and filtering impurities contained in waste oil, and has an effect of reducing the rejection of the color or turbidity of soap produced using waste oil. there is.
본 명세서에서 설명된 구체적인 실시예는 본 발명의 바람직한 구현예 또는 예시를 대표하는 의미이며, 이에 의해 본 발명의 범위가 한정되지는 않는다.Specific examples described in this specification are meant to represent preferred embodiments or examples of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
또한, 본 발명의 변형과 다른 용도가 본 명세서 특허청구범위에 기재된 발명의 범위로 부터 벗어나지 않는다는 것은 당업자에게 명백하다.It is also apparent to those skilled in the art that variations and other uses of the present invention do not depart from the scope of the invention described in the claims herein.
100 : 폐유정제단계
200 : 고형분처리단계
300 : 비누화반응단계
400 : 보온단계100: waste oil refining step
200: solid content processing step
300: saponification reaction step
400: warming step
Claims (5)
폐유를 비누화반응 전 정제하는 폐유정제단계(100);
채소 및 과일의 착즙고형분을 전처리하는 고형분처리단계(200);
폐유 및 착즙고형물을 포함하여 비누화반응을 통해 비누를 제조하는 비누화반응단계(300);
상기 비누화반응단계(300)에서 착즙고형분을 포함한 액체상태로 혼합된 비누를 고형화하는 하는 보온단계(400);를 포함하고,
상기 고형분처리단계(200)는 착즙고형분을 100%에탄올 90 내지 99중량부 및 헥산디올 1 내지 10중량부를 혼합한 혼합액에 침지 후 1시간 내지 2시간 교반 후 압착한 다음 상기 착즙고형분 및 코코넛유를 1:1 내지 1:10 중량비에 담근 후 0℃ 내지 10℃에서 3일 내지 7일 냉장숙성하는 것을 특징으로 하는
폐유 및 착즙고형분을 이용한 비누 제조방법.In the soap manufacturing method,
A waste oil purification step (100) of purifying the waste oil before saponification;
A solids processing step (200) of pre-processing the juice solids of vegetables and fruits;
A saponification reaction step (300) of preparing soap through a saponification reaction including waste oil and squeezed juice solids;
In the saponification reaction step 300, a warming step 400 of solidifying the soap mixed in a liquid state including juice solids;
In the solid content treatment step 200, the juice solids are immersed in a mixture of 90 to 99 parts by weight of 100% ethanol and 1 to 10 parts by weight of hexanediol, stirred for 1 hour to 2 hours, compressed, and then the juice solids and coconut oil are mixed. Characterized by refrigeration aging at 0 ° C to 10 ° C for 3 to 7 days after soaking in a weight ratio of 1: 1 to 1: 10
Soap manufacturing method using waste oil and juice solids.
상기 폐유정제단계(100)는,
폐유 100중량부에 대해 규산마그네슘(3MgSiO3·5H2O) 1중량부 내지 10중량부를 첨가 혼합하여 90℃ 내지 100℃에서 1시간 내지 3시간 교반하고 식힌 후, 폐유에 포함된 불순물 및 색소를 규산마그네슘에 흡착시킨 후 5㎛ 내지 30㎛ 필터를 이용하여 폐유를 정제하는 것을 특징으로 하는
폐유 및 착즙고형분을 이용한 비누 제조방법.According to claim 1,
The waste oil purification step 100,
1 to 10 parts by weight of magnesium silicate (3MgSiO 3 5H 2 O) is added and mixed to 100 parts by weight of waste oil, stirred at 90 ° C to 100 ° C for 1 to 3 hours, cooled, and impurities and pigments contained in the waste oil are removed. Characterized in that the waste oil is purified using a 5 μm to 30 μm filter after being adsorbed on magnesium silicate
Soap manufacturing method using waste oil and juice solids.
상기 비누화반응단계(300)는,
폐유정제단계(100)를 통해 정제된 폐유 70 내지 80중량부, 가성소다 5 내지 10중량부, 물 5 내지 10중량부를 혼합하여 혼합물을 형성하고,
상기 혼합물을 40℃ 내지 50℃로 유지하면서 1시간 내지 2시간 교반하면서 반응시킨 후 액체상태의 비누 및 고형분처리단계(200)를 통해 준비된 착즙고형분을 혼합하는 것을 특징으로 하는
폐유 및 착즙고형분을 이용한 비누 제조방법.According to claim 1,
The saponification reaction step 300,
70 to 80 parts by weight of the waste oil refined through the waste oil refining step 100, 5 to 10 parts by weight of caustic soda, and 5 to 10 parts by weight of water are mixed to form a mixture,
Characterized in that the mixture is reacted while stirring for 1 hour to 2 hours while maintaining the mixture at 40 ° C. to 50 ° C., and then the liquid soap and the juice solid prepared through the solid treatment step 200 are mixed.
Soap manufacturing method using waste oil and juice solids.
상기 보온단계(400)는 상기 비누화반응단계(300)를 통해 제조된 비누를 35℃ 내지 45℃에서 12시간 내지 24시간 보온함으로써 고체의 비누를 얻는 것을
을 특징으로 하는
폐유 및 착즙고형분을 이용한 비누 제조방법.
According to claim 1,
The warming step 400 is to obtain solid soap by keeping the soap prepared in the saponification reaction step 300 at 35 ° C to 45 ° C for 12 to 24 hours.
characterized by
Soap manufacturing method using waste oil and juice solids.
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| KR102355539B1 (en) | 2021-09-08 | 2022-02-09 | 오정미 | Soap composition comprising carrot |
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| JP2001335793A (en) * | 2000-07-31 | 2001-12-04 | Hidetaka Sudo | Deoxidizer for edible oil and process for regenerating edible oil using this deoxidizer |
| KR20030077518A (en) | 2003-09-19 | 2003-10-01 | 이용수 | The Chinese medicine liquid soap and manufacturing method using refuse edible oil |
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